2025版高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)高考語法與寫作專題6非謂語動(dòng)詞教學(xué)案外研版

PAGEPAGE1專題六非謂語動(dòng)詞(一)語法講練——過學(xué)問關(guān)要點(diǎn)一非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語1．分詞作狀語分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語是句子的主語；一般在句中作時(shí)間、緣由、方式、條件、伴隨等狀語。(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，分詞表示的動(dòng)作是由句子主語執(zhí)行的，它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.聽到這個(gè)消息，他們很興奮。(2)過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Giventherightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrowintointernationalstars.假如賜予正確的訓(xùn)練，這些青少年足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員有一天或許會(huì)成為國際明星。2．動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(1)動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語主要用來表示目的，有時(shí)也可以表示結(jié)果、緣由等。ShewassurprisedtoseeGeorgewalkin.看到喬治進(jìn)來，她很驚異。(2)動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語時(shí)，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用inordertodo,soastodo,todo等，但soastodo不能置于句首。Inordertopasstheexam,heworkedhard.為了通過考試，他努力學(xué)習(xí)。[熱點(diǎn)即訓(xùn)]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Toavoidkneepainyoucanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexerciseto________(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，故本空應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞strengthen，意為“增加，加強(qiáng)”。[答案]strengthen2．(2024·北京卷改編)DuringtheMid－AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether________(share)ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。依據(jù)句意：在中秋節(jié)期間，家族成員常常團(tuán)聚一堂，享受大餐、賞月并品嘗月餅。依據(jù)句意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用不定式作目的狀語。[答案]toshare3．(2024·浙江卷)Sixteenyearsearlier,Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring________(cook)ameal.[解析]本題考查不定式作目的狀語。句意：16年前，Pahlsson摘掉鉆戒去做飯。依據(jù)句意推斷此處應(yīng)用不定式表目的。[答案]tocook4．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal________(create)specialdesigns.[解析]考查不定式作目的狀語。句意為：技術(shù)嫻熟的工人們?yōu)榱藙?chuàng)建出特別的設(shè)計(jì)會(huì)把各種各樣的硬質(zhì)木材和金屬結(jié)合起來。此處的“創(chuàng)建”表示“組合……”的目的，故用不定式形式。[答案]tocreate5．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,________(use)twigs(樹枝)toremoveit.[解析]考查現(xiàn)在分詞作方式狀語。people與use之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作方式狀語。[答案]usingⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1．(2024·天津卷改編)Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,madeairconditioningunnecessary.____________[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：冷風(fēng)通過我們臥房的窗戶襲來，使得開空調(diào)變得沒有必要。made在句中作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果，且與句子主語之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。[答案]made→making2．(2024·北京卷改編)Newly－builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,turntheoldtownintoadreamland.____________[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：新建的小木屋排列在街道兩邊，使這個(gè)古鎮(zhèn)變成了夢境。句中已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞且前后句間沒有連詞連接，故要用非謂語動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞turn與其邏輯主語為主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。[答案]turn→turning3．(2024·福建卷改編)LearntmoreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanselectivecourse.____________[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：為了更好的學(xué)習(xí)中國文化，杰克已經(jīng)確定把音樂當(dāng)作一個(gè)選修課。句中已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞且前后句間沒有連詞連接，故要用非謂語動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞learn在此處作目的狀語，故用不定式作目的狀語。[答案]Learnt→Tolearn4．(2024·重慶卷改編)ToraiseinthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.____________[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：因?yàn)樵谶@個(gè)貧困的地方長大，他成為一名足球明星要有很長的路要走。此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作緣由狀語。[答案]Toraise→Raised5．(2024·天津卷改編)Clearlyandthoughtfullywriting,thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.____________[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：因?yàn)閷懙暮芮逦?，這本書鼓舞了想要找尋答案的學(xué)生的自信。此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作緣由狀語。[答案]writing→written要點(diǎn)二非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語1．動(dòng)詞不定式作定語動(dòng)詞不定式作定語，通常置于所修飾的名詞或代詞之后，與所修飾的詞之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂、動(dòng)賓或同位關(guān)系。Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.(主謂關(guān)系)她總是第一個(gè)到，最終一個(gè)離開。Haveyougotalettertowrite？(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)你有一封信要寫嗎？DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteinEnglish？(同位關(guān)系)你有用英語讀寫的實(shí)力嗎？2．分詞作定語(1)作定語的及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式為doing,beingdone和done。當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用doing；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示分詞動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用beingdone；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示分詞動(dòng)作已完成時(shí)，用done。Ihaveneverseenamoremovingfilm.我沒看過比這部更令人感動(dòng)的電影。Thehousesbeingbuiltarefortheteachers.正在建的房子是給老師的。ThebrokenglassisTom's.這個(gè)打破了的杯子是湯姆的。(2)作定語的不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式為doing和done,doing表示正在進(jìn)行；done表示已經(jīng)完成。boilingwater正沸騰的水boiledwater開水3．動(dòng)名詞作定語動(dòng)名詞可置于名詞前作定語，表示被修飾的名詞的用途和性能。awalkingstick＝astickforwalking手杖asleepingcar＝acarforsleeping臥鋪車[熱點(diǎn)即訓(xùn)]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile________(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide，”saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。whilefeedingitscitizens是時(shí)間狀語從句whileitisfeedingitscitizens的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。又可理解為此處的feed(養(yǎng)活)與主語為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。[答案]feeding2．(2024·北京卷改編)Ordinarysoap,________(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。依據(jù)句意：一般肥皂，假如正確運(yùn)用，能有效地處理細(xì)菌。依據(jù)句意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式作非限制性定語，與主語之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)填used。[答案]used3．(2024·江蘇卷改編)Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,________(exceed)theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts.[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。依據(jù)句意：這段時(shí)間大約13500個(gè)新的工作崗位被創(chuàng)建了出來，超過了市場分析人士預(yù)料的12000個(gè)。exceed與主語是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故填exceeding。[答案]exceeding4．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ改編)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid－1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter________(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，permit與其邏輯主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填過去分詞permitted作后置定語，相當(dāng)于that/whowaspermitted。[答案]permitted5．(2024·四川卷)For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething________(eat)![解析]不定式toeat作定語，修飾前面的不定代詞something。故填toeat。[答案]toeatⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Everyonewassilent,waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisorherparagraphaloud.____________[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處表示伴隨，且與主語為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。[答案]wait→waiting2．(2024·浙江卷改編)Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrightenedexperience,especiallyifyouaretravellingathighspeed.____________[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處應(yīng)用v.－ing形式來修飾experience。[答案]frightened→frightening3．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgatewayshereforpeopletoliveinShanghaiandHongKong.____________[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處指住在上海和香港的人們。由于people和動(dòng)詞live之間是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，故應(yīng)當(dāng)運(yùn)用living作定語修飾名詞people，相當(dāng)于定語從句wholiveinShanghaiandHongKong。[答案]tolive→living4．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Yangshuoisreallybeautiful.AstudyoftravelersconductingbythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.____________[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：陽朔真的很美。網(wǎng)站TripAdvisor進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查把陽朔列為世界十佳旅游目的地之一。依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)當(dāng)運(yùn)用過去分詞作定語，表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，修飾名詞study。[答案]conducting→conducted5．(2024·大綱卷)Todaytherearemoreairplanescarriedmorepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.____________[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：今日與過去相比，有更多的飛機(jī)攜帶更多的人出行。依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)當(dāng)運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾名詞airplanes。[答案]carried→carrying要點(diǎn)三非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語1．后接動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(1)有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，即“動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語＋賓語＋todo”。常見的這類動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語有：advise建議allow允許ask詢問；要求beg請求cause導(dǎo)致encourage激勵(lì)permit準(zhǔn)許forbid禁止force強(qiáng)迫intend準(zhǔn)備invite邀請order吩咐；要求persuade勸服prefer更喜愛require須要；要求teach教remind提示tell告知want想要warn警告wish希望；想要waitfor等待callon號召；要求dependon依靠Shepatientlyexplainedalltherulestothestudentsandrequiredeveryonetofollowthem.她耐性地向?qū)W生說明了全部的規(guī)則，并要求每個(gè)人都遵循這些規(guī)則。(2)下列動(dòng)詞接省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：一感(feel)，二聽(hear,listento)，三讓(let,have,make)，五看(see,notice,observe,watch,lookat)，半幫助(help)，但在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)需加to。Nobodysawhimcomein.(主動(dòng)語態(tài))沒人望見他進(jìn)來。Thethiefwasobservedtoenterthebank.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))有人望見小偷進(jìn)了銀行。2．非謂語動(dòng)詞作感官動(dòng)詞(短語)、使役動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)(1)感官動(dòng)詞(短語)see,watch,observe,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel的賓語補(bǔ)足語有四種形式，以see為例：eq\a\vs4\al(see＋,賓語＋)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(doingsth.,dosth.))\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(望見……正做……,望見……做了……))?\x(\a\al(賓語與賓補(bǔ)為邏,輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系)),\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(beingdone,done))\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(望見……正在被做,望見……被做))?\x(\a\al(賓語與賓補(bǔ)為邏,輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系))))Isawhimleaveafewminutesago.我望見他幾分鐘前離開了。AsIgotcloser,Isawhimkickinghislegsintheairandbreathingheavily.當(dāng)我走近時(shí)，我望見他的腿在空中亂踢，并且呼吸沉重。I'dliketoseetheplancarriedout.我想看到這個(gè)安排被執(zhí)行。(2)使役動(dòng)詞make,let,have,get后接復(fù)合賓語的狀況：①make＋賓語＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do讓……做……,賓語與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,done讓……被做,賓語與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系))Theteachermadesomestudentsstayintheclassroomafterschool.老師讓一些學(xué)生放學(xué)后待在教室里。Hetriedtomakehimselfunderstood.他盡量把自己的意思表達(dá)清晰了。②let＋賓語＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do讓……做,賓語與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,bedone讓……被做,賓語與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系))Don'tletyourchildplaywithmatches.別讓你的孩子玩火柴。Letthework(be)doneimmediately.工作要立刻去做。③eq\a\vs4\al(have＋,賓語＋)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth.,doingsth.,))\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(讓……做某事,使……持續(xù),做某事))?\x(\a\al(賓語與賓補(bǔ),為邏輯上的,主動(dòng)關(guān)系)),done使……被做?\x(\a\al(賓語與賓補(bǔ)為邏,輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系))))Hehadthefireburningallthenight.他讓火燃燒了一夜。Hehadhiswalletstolenonhiswayhome.在回家的路上，他的錢包被偷了。④eq\a\vs4\al(get＋,賓語＋)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.,doingsth.))\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(使……做,使……做))?\x(\a\al(賓語與賓補(bǔ)為邏,輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系)),done使……被做?\x(\a\al(賓語與賓補(bǔ)為邏,輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系))))Shegotherbikerunningveryfast.她把自行車騎得飛速。I'llgetmybikerepairedtomorrow.我明天要(請人)修一下我的自行車。3．動(dòng)詞leave,keep,find,catch后加非謂語動(dòng)詞作復(fù)合賓語的狀況(1)leaveeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb./sth.doingsth.讓某人/物始終處于某,種狀態(tài)賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間是邏輯,上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,sth.undone留下某事未做賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足,語之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)和,完成，一般以undone，unfinished，unsettled，,untouched為多,\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb.todosth.,sth.tobedone))\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(讓某人去做某事,留下某事要做))?\x(\a\al(動(dòng)詞不定,式表示將,來的動(dòng)作))))(2)keepeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb./sth.doing,sb./sth.done))\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(使某人/物始終做,使某人/物被做)),表示被動(dòng)且完成，或表示狀態(tài)))(3)findeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb.doing,sb./sth.done))\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(發(fā)覺某人正在做,發(fā)覺某人/物已經(jīng)……)),表示完成或狀態(tài),sb./sth.tobe...發(fā)覺某人/物……))(4)catchsb.doingsth.撞見某人正在做某事[熱點(diǎn)即訓(xùn)]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme________(stay)andwatch.[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。allowsb.todosth.“允許某人做某事”，為固定用法。[答案]tostay2．(2024·天津卷改編)IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph________(take)．[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。從句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)看，本空在句中作賓補(bǔ)，動(dòng)詞take與myphotograph之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞，因此填taken。[答案]taken3．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Theyarerequired________(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.[解析]分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查berequiredtodosth.的固定用法?？忌瞄L分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，再結(jié)合自己的學(xué)問儲(chǔ)備才能快速精確地確定答案。[答案]toprocess4．(2024·天津卷)Backfromhistwo－yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother________(take)goodcareofathome.[解析]考查過去分詞作狀語。句意：在非洲醫(yī)療救濟(jì)兩年回來后，李醫(yī)生很興奮看到他的母親在家里被照看得很好。空格處與其邏輯主語hismother之間構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。[答案]taken5．(2024·浙江卷改編)Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearit________(perform)liveisquiteanother.[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。hearsb./sth.beingdone“聽到……正在被……”。[答案]beingperformedⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1．(2024·江蘇卷改編)Ihadnoticedthreehensrunfreeinmyhostess'courtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.____________[解析]noticesb./sth.doingsth.表示“留意到某人/某物正在做……”。[答案]run→running2．(2024·北京卷改編)Thebellrangagain,andthensheheardherletterboxpushedopen.____________[解析]依據(jù)語境可知，此處表示聽見某事正在發(fā)生，因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)；“herletterbox”與push之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用beingpushed表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。[答案]在pushed前加being3．(2024·四川卷改編)Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproductsdevelopingaftergreateffort.____________[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。seesb.done“看到……被……”。[答案]developing→developed4．(2024·長春十一中期中)First,contacttheFTC(FederalTradeCommission)atonceandaskthemstopthefakeaccountatonce.____________[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。asksb.todosth.“要求某人做……”。[答案]在stop前加to5．(2024·龍泉中學(xué)、宜昌一中聯(lián)考)YoubegintounderstandhowChinesespeakershavetheirthoughtsorganizing,andhowtheyunderstandthings.____________[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。havesth.done“使得……被做”。[答案]organizing→organized要點(diǎn)四非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語1．動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(1)常跟不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞(2)動(dòng)詞tell,show,understand,know,explain,teach,learn,advise等常接“疑問詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”作賓語。Pleasetellmewhentostarttheproject.請告知我何時(shí)起先這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。(3)在某些動(dòng)詞如find,think,consider,feel,make,believe后，常用it作形式賓語，然后加賓語補(bǔ)足語，最終加不定式作真正的賓語。Wethinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.我們認(rèn)為愛護(hù)環(huán)境是我們的責(zé)任。2．動(dòng)名詞作賓語(1)常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞(短語)(2)由“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”構(gòu)成的短語，其后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，常見的有be/getusedto(習(xí)慣于),feellike(想要),insiston(堅(jiān)持),getdownto(起先仔細(xì)做某事),devote...to...(致力于……),objectto(反對),stickto(堅(jiān)持),giveup(放棄)等。It'stimeIgotdowntothinkingaboutthatessay.我該仔細(xì)思索一下那篇論文了。(3)下列動(dòng)詞或短語既可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，也可以接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)分：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth.,meandoingsth.))eq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(準(zhǔn)備做某事,意味著做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgettodosth.,forgetdoingsth.))eq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(遺忘要去做某事未做,遺忘做過某事已做過或已發(fā)生))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(regrettodosth.,regretdoingsth.))eq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(對要做的事感到缺憾未做,對做過的事懊悔已做))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth.,trydoingsth.))eq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(努力去做某事,嘗試做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(goontodosth.,goondoingsth.))eq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(接著做另一件事,接著做原來做的事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(remembertodosth.,rememberdoingsth.))eq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(記住去做某事未做,記得做過某事已做))[熱點(diǎn)即訓(xùn)]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof________(die)earlybyrunning.[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。短語reduceone'sriskof...“降低某人……的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，此處介詞of后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。[答案]dying2．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid________(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged.[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。avoid后常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，故空處填looking。[答案]looking3．(2024·天津卷改編)Ididn'tmean________(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn'thelp________(try)it.[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。從句意看，第一空所在部分用meantodosth.表示“準(zhǔn)備做某事”，其次空用couldn'thelpdoingsth.表示“忍不住做某事”，因此第一空填toeat，其次個(gè)空填trying。[答案]toeat;trying4．(2024·浙江卷)Istillremember________(visit)afriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn'tcookedonceinallthattime.[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。rememberdoingsth.表示“記得做過某事”，故填visiting。[答案]visiting5．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;by________(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.[解析]考查動(dòng)詞－ing作介詞賓語。在介詞about,before，after，for，with，by等之后作賓語應(yīng)當(dāng)用動(dòng)詞－ing形式，故用eating。[答案]eatingⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.____________[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處動(dòng)詞位于介詞后，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。[答案]sell→selling2．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem,myparentswouldnotletme.____________[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。表示“要求做某事”，為固定用法。[答案]watching→watch3．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.____________[解析]by是介詞，表示“通過”，后面接動(dòng)詞－ing形式。[答案]wear→wearing4．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Wecanchoosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.____________[解析]take的形式應(yīng)與staying相同，故用taking。[答案]take→taking5．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithoutuseelectricequipment.____________[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。without為介詞，后面應(yīng)接v.－ing形式。[答案]use→using要點(diǎn)五非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語、表語及其他1．動(dòng)詞不定式作主語動(dòng)詞不定式作主語表示詳細(xì)的、一次性的或尚未做的動(dòng)作，常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語，即動(dòng)詞不定式移到句子的后面。It'sagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.和你交談是一種很大的樂趣。[名師指津]在“Itis/was＋adj.＋for/ofsb.todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)中：若形容詞側(cè)重于評價(jià)人物的特性、特征，則構(gòu)成不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞應(yīng)用of，此時(shí)形容詞常為kind，nice，foolish，generous等詞，且sb.與形容詞之間可構(gòu)成邏輯上的系表關(guān)系；若形容詞側(cè)重于描寫不定式動(dòng)作的特征、特點(diǎn)，則構(gòu)成不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞應(yīng)用for。Itisgenerousofhimtocontributesomuch.他捐獻(xiàn)了這么多真是太慷慨了。Itwasimportantforustolivealow－carbonlife.過低碳生活對我們來說很重要。2．動(dòng)名詞作主語動(dòng)名詞作主語表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語：Itis/wasawaste(of...)/nouse/nogooddoingsth.Itisnogoodcomingbeforethat.在那之前來沒有用。3．動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞作表語動(dòng)詞不定式作表語表示某一次詳細(xì)的、特定的或有待實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞作表語表示通常的狀況。MydreamistoenterBeijingUniversity.我的幻想是考入北京高校。MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.我的工作是教你們英語。4．分詞作表語表示事物的特征或性質(zhì)時(shí)，表語用現(xiàn)在分詞；表示人的內(nèi)心感受時(shí)，表語用過去分詞。Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightening.請描述一只令人膽怯 的狗。Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightened.請描述一只驚恐的狗。[熱點(diǎn)即訓(xùn)]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·北京卷改編)________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.[解析]考查動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式。依據(jù)句意：沿著古老的絲綢之路旅行是一種好玩且有益的體驗(yàn)。依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用動(dòng)名詞作主語。[答案]Traveling2．(2024·浙江卷改編)—Areyousureyou'rereadyforthetest?—Noproblem.I'mwell________(prepare)forit.[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞，放在be動(dòng)詞后就用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。[答案]prepared3．(2024·安徽卷改編)________(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞，v.－ing形式作主語。[答案]IgnoringⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ改編)MyclassmatesandIaretotalkaboutwhattododuringtheholiday.____________[解析]“我”和“我”的同學(xué)們正在探討……，因?yàn)楸硎菊谧觥?，要用bedoing的形式。[答案]totalk→talking2．(2024·浙江卷)Ienjoyedsitclosetothewindowsandlookingattheview.____________[解析]考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。enjoydoingsth.[答案]sit→sitting3．(2024·四川卷)It'sbeenamonthsinceIcametothisnewschoolandIreallywantsharewithyousomeoftheproblemsIhavebeenexperiencing.____________[解析]動(dòng)詞want,decide,plan等后應(yīng)接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。[答案]在want后加to4．(2024·遼寧卷)Itisdifficulttounderstandingwhyshebarkseveryminuteshe'soutside.____________[解析]不定式符號to后接動(dòng)詞原形，考查句式Itis＋adj.＋todosth.。[答案]understanding→understand5．(2024·四川卷)SuddenlyMary,mybestfriend,askedmetolethertocopymyanswers.____________[解析]在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞(get除外)后面用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。[答案]去掉其次個(gè)to要點(diǎn)六獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種形式1．名詞/代詞(主格)＋非謂語動(dòng)詞Weatherpermitting,weshallplaythematchtomorrow.(permit的邏輯主語是Weather而非we)明天假如天氣好，我們就進(jìn)行競賽。Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.(fix的邏輯主語是hiseyes而非he)他上課用心聽講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。Manytreestobeplanted,ournewly－builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.(plant的邏輯主語是Manytrees而非ournewly－builtschool)種上很多的樹后，我們新建的學(xué)?？瓷先⒏?。2．名詞/代詞(主格)＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語Thestudentswerehavingadiscussion,theirfaces(being)redwithexcitement.學(xué)生們正在探討，因?yàn)榧ち?，他們的臉都紅了。Theboycamein,swordinhand.男孩走進(jìn)來，手里握著劍。[名師指津]為使句子簡潔、明快，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的冠詞或代詞也常省略。3．with/without＋賓語(名詞/代詞)＋賓語補(bǔ)足語(形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/非謂語動(dòng)詞)幾乎全部的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)都可在其邏輯主語前加上with/without，構(gòu)成with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。Withoutanyonenoticing,Istoleintotheroom.沒有人留意，我偷偷地溜進(jìn)了屋。[熱點(diǎn)即訓(xùn)]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·北京卷改編)Sowithnoone________(know),Iusedupmymoneyandboughtmyparentsaone-storyhouse.[解析]考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：沒有人知道，我花光了我的錢給父母買了一套單層房。know與其邏輯主語noone是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作with的賓補(bǔ)。[答案]knowing2．(2024·江蘇卷改編)Muchtime________(spend)sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.[解析]考查獨(dú)立主格，time與spend之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填spent。[答案]spent3．(2024·江蘇卷改編)Thelecture________(give),alivelyquestion－and－answersessionfollowed.[解析]考查獨(dú)立主格，lecture與give之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，并且表示時(shí)間上的先后依次，故填havingbeengiven。[答案]havingbeengivenⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1．(2024·江蘇卷改編)Withthecoupletoworkinanearlytown,thehouseseemstobeemptymostofthetime.____________[解析]句意：由于這對夫婦在旁邊的一個(gè)鎮(zhèn)上工作，這所房子好像大多數(shù)時(shí)間都是空的。此處work作介詞with的賓語thecouple的補(bǔ)足語，couple和work之間是主謂關(guān)系，因此此處應(yīng)用work的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。[答案]towork→working2．(2024·天津卷改編)Withtimepassedby,theoldwomanwaseagertogotoherhometowntosee.____________[解析]withtimepassingby表示“隨著時(shí)間的消逝”，應(yīng)用passing。[答案]passed→passing(二)語法寫作——過應(yīng)用關(guān)(對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P241)非謂語動(dòng)詞在書面表達(dá)中的增分點(diǎn)[增分技法]1．正確選擇不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語假如你想上一個(gè)好的高校，學(xué)好英語是件必需的事情。LearningEnglishwellisamustifyouwanttobeadmittedtoakeycollege.2．用好非謂語作定語①解決這個(gè)問題的最好方法是依靠你自己。Thebestwaytosolvetheproblemistodependonyourself.②要實(shí)施的這個(gè)工程將會(huì)對這個(gè)地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)很有好處。Theprojecttobecarriedoutwillbebeneficialtotheeconomyofthisarea.3．運(yùn)用非謂語作狀語，輕松寫高級句式①因此，他這次考試考得特別好，在班級排第一名。Asaresult,hedidverywellintheexam,rankingfirstinhisclass.②我信任，你要趕上別人，不會(huì)有什么困難。Iamsureyouwillhavenotroublecatchingupwithothers.4．用好動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和動(dòng)詞不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)①我想學(xué)法律專業(yè)，但我的父母親卻堅(jiān)持讓我學(xué)醫(yī)。Iwouldliketomajorinlaw,butmyparentsinsistonme/mylearningmedicine.②我還清晰地記得你帶著我們參觀你們城市的情形，我真的很感謝。Istillrememberclearlyyour/youshowingusaroundyourcityandIreallyappreciateit.5．運(yùn)用省略句(連詞十非謂語)來提高句式檔次①假如可能的話，我要去外國深造。Iwillgoabroadforfurtherstudyifpossible.②那里的風(fēng)景比預(yù)想的還要好。Thescenerythereismorefantasticthanexpected.[巧用增分]①事實(shí)上，我認(rèn)為沒有比這更糟糕的了，假如你不介意我這樣說的話。(infact,mind)In_fact,_nothing_is_worse_than_that,_if_you_don't_mind_me/my_saying_so.②考慮到各方面狀況，我認(rèn)為這是解決這個(gè)問題的合適的方法。(allthings,consider,anappropriateapproachto,solvetheproblem)All_things_considered/taken_into_consideration,_I_think_this_is_an_appropriate_approach_to_solving_the_problem.③我每次給他們寫信，要求致歉，卻被告知那不是他們的錯(cuò)。(writeto,onlytobetold,fault)Every_time_I_write_to_them_asking_for_an_apology,_only_to_be_told_that_it_was_not_their_fault.[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Whenhisfatherdiscoveredhissonpractisingonaviolinoneday,hegavehimabeating,________(say)thathewasgoingtobeatthemusicoutoftheboy.[答案]saying2．(2024·河南天一大聯(lián)考)Thetunnelsprovideaplacefortheturtles________(slip)intoandprotectthem.[答案]toslip3．Incontrasttomanyothercountries,lunchhereisnotaquicksnack________(consume)infrontofthecomputeroronthewaytoameeting.[答案]consumed4．Fromthenon,hisfearoftalkingbeforeabigaudiencedisappeared.ActuallyJackhadhisconfidence________(build)up.Nowheturnsouttobeagoodspeaker.[答案]built5．(2024·湖北鐘祥一中模擬)Theapplausegrewlouderandlouderandhekept________(stay)．[答案]staying6．(2024·山東濰坊模擬)Andwealsogavehimthe________(boil)riceandwater.[答案]boiledⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1．(2024·遼寧葫蘆島模擬)Besides,haveenoughsleepcanmakeusfullofenergyandmakeitpossibleforustoperformwellintheexam.____________[答案]have→having2．(2024·黑龍江哈爾濱六中模擬)Allofusarelookingforwardtoliveinaharmonioussociety.____________[答案]live→living3．(2024·河南天一大聯(lián)考)NowletmetotellyouwhatIaminterestedin.____________[答案]去掉to4．(2024·福建廈門模擬)WhenaskingaboutfamouswritersinChina,Iwilllistmanynames.____________[答案]asking→asked5．(2024·福建泉州模擬)First,congratulations.I'mgladyougotaccept.____________[答案]accept→accepted6．(2024·湖南郴州模擬)AsfarasI'mconcerning,Ishouldsetagoodexampletoreducewaste.____________[答案]concerning→concernedⅢ.寫作訓(xùn)練1．運(yùn)用語法寫靚句①駕馭基本的急救技能將有助于你在遇到緊急狀況時(shí)快速做出反應(yīng)。(know,respondto)______________________________________________________________②現(xiàn)在輟學(xué)不是個(gè)好辦法，你以后會(huì)懊悔的。(dropoutofschool,regret)______________________________________________________________③我的愛好是聽音樂和踢足球。(hobby)______________________________________________________________④假如能快點(diǎn)收到你的回復(fù)，我將不勝感謝。(appreciate,receive)______________________________________________________________⑤我那天晚上因?yàn)楸灰蠹影喽e(cuò)過了一場精彩的電影。(ask,miss)______________________________________________________________⑥考慮到你的健康，你最好休息一天(consider,havearest)______________________________________________________________[答案]①Knowingbasicfirst－aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.②Todropoutofschoolnowisnotagoodidea,forwhichyouwillregretinthefuture.③Myhobbiesarelisteningtomusicandplayingfootball.④Iwouldappreciatereceivingyourreplysoon./IwouldappreciateitifIcouldreceiveyourreplysoon.⑤Havingbeenaskedtoworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.⑥Consideringyourhealth,you'dbetterhavearestforaday.2．語法填空(2024·吉林省試驗(yàn)中學(xué)模擬)Eachyear①____________(thousand)oftouristsvisitthepolarregionsoftheArcticandAntarctica.ButtheincreasingnumberofpeopletravellingtotheendsoftheEarthcanhave②____________negativeeffectonfragileecosystems.Shouldtourists③____________(allow)tovisitpolarregions?About40,000touristsvisitAntarcticaeachyear.MorethanfivemilliontraveltotheArcticandsub－Arctic.Transportingtouriststotheregions④____________(increase)shipandairplanetraffic,addingtotheriskofpollution,oilspoils,andother⑤____________(environment)damage.Becausetheplaceswherewildlifeisaccessible⑥____________(be)fewinnumber,touristtrafficcanbecomeconcentratedinspecificar