人教版（2019）選擇性必修 第一冊 重點單詞（短文）（素材）

【高中英語】選擇性必修一重點單詞(新人教版)Unit1TuYouyouisawardedtheNobelPrize

forPhysiologyorMedicinebecauseshehasdiscoveredartemisinin,acrucialdrugformalaria.Infact,artemisinin

hasbecomeavital

partofthetreatmentformalaria.Aftergraduatingfromuniversity,TuYouyouworkedattheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine.Shecommitted

herselfto

theobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria.Sheandherscientific

researchteamtriedtofindtraditionalbotanical

treatmentsforthedisease.Theyevaluated

280,000plantsandtested380distinct

ancientChinesemedicaltreatments.Tu’steamtriedboiling

freshwormwood,andusingtheliquid

obtained

fromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotwork.TuYouyouwouldn’tacknowledge

defeat.Sheinsistedon

analysing

themedicaltextsagainanddrewaconclusionthatboiling

thesweetwormwood

apparently

destroyeditsmedicalproperties.Byusingalowertemperaturetodrawouttheextract,shediscoveredtheeffectivesubstance.Artemisinin,likepenicillin,hasstooduptoclinicaltests,justasotherproductsordevices

canstandwearandtear.【中文意思】屠呦呦獲得了諾貝爾生理學或醫(yī)學獎，因為她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種治療瘧疾的關(guān)鍵藥物——青蒿素。事實上，青蒿素已經(jīng)成為瘧疾治療的重要組成部分。大學畢業(yè)后，屠呦呦在中國中醫(yī)研究院工作。她致力于發(fā)現(xiàn)瘧疾新療法的目標。她和她的科研團隊試圖找到治療這種疾病的傳統(tǒng)植物療法。他們評估了28萬種植物，并測試了380種不同的古代中醫(yī)療法。屠呦呦的研究小組嘗試將新鮮的青蒿煮沸，然后用從中獲得的液體治療瘧疾，但沒有成功。屠呦呦不承認失敗。她堅持要再次分析醫(yī)學文獻，并得出結(jié)論——煮沸這種青蒿顯然破壞了它的醫(yī)學特性。她用較低的溫度獲取提取物，發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種有效的物質(zhì)。青蒿素和青霉素一樣，經(jīng)得起臨床檢驗，就像其他產(chǎn)品或儀器經(jīng)得起磨損一樣。Thedifferencebetweenanovelist

andaprofessor

isthattheformermostly

useshisextraordinary

creativegenius

toinspirepeople’spassion

bywritingnovels,whilethelatterpaysmoreattentiontoacademic

research.Apolitician

wantstofound

hisown

theories

andtriestocometopower.Ascientisthopestomakeremarkable

achievementsandhavemoreinventionsandpatents.Take

AlbertEinstein

forexample.Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld,themostwell-knownbeingthegeneraltheoryof

relativity

andthefamousformula

E=mc2.Heearnedadoctorate

inphysicsin1905andgradually

becamefamousasthenewIsaacNewton.Circumstances

changedin1933,whenHitler

cametopower

inGermany.Einstein,whowasJewish,foundthedoorsofacademicinstitutions

closedtohim.Asaconsequence,hehadtoflee

Germany.Hefinallytookupaposition

asaresearcherattheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,USA.Einsteinwasnotonlyagenius,butalsoaverygentleman.Hehadathickmoustache

andlongwhitehair.Despitehispeculiarities,hewaslovedbyhisfriendsandneighbourswhomheencountered.Nowlet’scompletethisflow

chart

toinfer

hisfurtherachievements.Youcanalsowriteadraft

tosumupEinstein’slife.【中文意思】小說家和教授的區(qū)別在于，前者主要是利用自己非凡的創(chuàng)作天賦，通過寫小說來激發(fā)人們的熱情，而后者則更注重學術(shù)研究。政治家想要建立自己的學說并試圖掌權(quán)?？茖W家希望取得非凡的成就，擁有更多的發(fā)明和專利。以阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦為例。他為世界做出了許多貢獻，最著名的是廣義相對論和著名的公式E=mc2。他在1905年獲得了物理學博士學位，并逐漸以新艾薩克·牛頓而聞名。1933年希特勒在德國上臺后，情況發(fā)生了變化。（因為）愛因斯坦是猶太人，他發(fā)現(xiàn)學術(shù)機構(gòu)的大門對他關(guān)閉了。結(jié)果，他不得不迅速離開德國。最終，他在美國普林斯頓高等研究院擔任研究員一職。愛因斯坦不僅是個天才，而且是個非常溫和的人。他留著濃密的胡子和長長的白發(fā)。盡管他性格古怪，但是他相識的朋友和鄰居都喜歡他。現(xiàn)在讓我們完成這個流程圖來推斷他進一步的成就。你也可以寫一份草稿來總結(jié)愛因斯坦的一生。

Unit2Ihavetopersuade

myselftousethesewordsandphrasestodescribemydailyroutineinthefuture.IfIforgettoswitchoff

myelectricalappliances

likemyairconditioners

andI’minadistant

place,myintegrated

sensorsinmysmarthomesystemwilldoitformeinsteadofremotecontrols

andautomaticknobs.Thesesensors

arevery

efficient

andgiveinstantcommands.Thehomesystemwillobeyandgiveconstant

warnings

untiltheappliances

enterthesafetymode.Thiswillkeepmyhomesecure.Inaddition,mysmarthomecanwarnmeearlyon

ifthereissomethingabnormal

orifIhaveacritical

illness,suchascancer,andpotentially

savemylife.Iftheelectricalwire

startsleaking

electricity,mysmarthomewilldetect

itandprovidemewiththerelevant

information.Inthissense,Iwillfixtheproblembeforemyhomecatchesfire.Nevertheless,thissmarttechnologyisnotafantasy.Manyoftheseinnovations

arealreadyavailable

andbeingusedinsomehomes.【中文意思】我必須說服自己用這些單詞和短語來描述我未來的日常生活。如果我忘記關(guān)掉電器比如空調(diào)，而且我在很遠的地方，我的智能家居系統(tǒng)中的集成傳感器會幫我做這件事，而不用遙控器和自動旋鈕。這些傳感器非常高效，可以發(fā)出即時指令。家居系統(tǒng)將服從并持續(xù)發(fā)出警告，直到電器進入安全模式。這將保障我家的安全。此外，要是有反常的情況，或者我患有癌癥等嚴重的疾病，我的智能家居能夠在初期便提醒我，并有可能挽救我的生命。如果電線開始漏電，我的智能家居會發(fā)現(xiàn)并向我提供相關(guān)信息。從這種意義上來講，我會在我的房子著火之前解決這個問題。然而，這種智能技術(shù)并非空想。許多這樣的新發(fā)明已經(jīng)可以購買到，而且一些家庭正在使用。Artificialintelligence

canbeusedtoguardagainst

potentialcrimes

andgainasenseofsecurity.Forexample,thelibrarianadvocatescombining

monitorsintothestructure

ofthelibrarybuilding.Hence,nooneisopposed

tothissuggestion.Theyareanecessity,butnotaluxury.Nowlet’schangethesubject,andtalkaboutourfutureoccupations

andcareers.Weshouldlearntopredict

ormakeaprediction

aboutthefuture,becausewecan’t

resist

thedevelopmentofsociety.Sowemustkeepintouchwith

thelatesttechnology,andplaceemphasis

onthesenewtechnologies,suchascloning,nanobotsandsatelliteweatherforecast.Eachofusisrequiredtowriteanessaywithseveralparagraphs

togiveanaccurate

descriptionofourfutureoccupations.Ithinktheprospect

ofrural

developmentisveryattractive.Therecan’tbeanabsence

ofrural

talents.Mypreference

isfarming.EvenifIencounter

resistance,Iwillnevercease

togoandworkthere.【中文意思】人工智能可以用來防范潛在的犯罪并獲得一種安全感。例如，圖書館館長提倡使監(jiān)控器和圖書館建筑的結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)合。因此，沒有人反對這個建議。它們是必需品，而不是奢侈品?，F(xiàn)在讓我們換個話題，談?wù)勎覀兾磥淼穆殬I(yè)和事業(yè)吧。我們應(yīng)當學會預(yù)料或?qū)ξ磥碜龀鲱A(yù)測，因為我們無法抵擋社會的發(fā)展。因此，我們必須了解最新的科技，并把重點放在這些新技術(shù)上，比如克隆技術(shù)、納米機器人和衛(wèi)星天氣預(yù)報等。我們每個人都被要求寫一篇文章，用幾段話來準確描述我們未來的職業(yè)。我認為農(nóng)村的發(fā)展前景非常誘人。農(nóng)村的人才不可或缺。我的愛好是務(wù)農(nóng)。即使我遭到反對，我也不會停止去那里工作。

Unit3Agroupofjournalists

setout

forthepolararea.Theycametoafascinatingvalley

neartheboundary,wheretheywouldcamp.Thecloth

oftheirtentwas

buffetedaboutinthenorthwind.Attheedge

ofthevalley,theyfoundacottage.Avisible

glacier

fromthetopofthemountainflowedthroughthevalley.Thevastterritory

stretched

asfarastheeyecouldsee.Alotofreindeer

wereonthemove,accompanied

bysomelocalpeopletopreventleopards

fromhurtingthem.Huntingwasbanned

here.Allthejournalists

feltreallyblessed

tobeinsuchabeautifulplace.Nevertheless,therewasonlyoneunpleasantthing.Awomanjournalist

hadacoldandsneezed

allthetime.Thecream

shehadputintheteapot

turnedsour,too.Sheturnedtheteapot

upsidedown

andpouredoutthesour

cream.【中文意思】一群新聞記者啟程前往極地地區(qū)。他們來到邊界附近一個迷人的山谷，將在那里安營扎寨。他們帳篷的布在北風中飄來飄去。在山谷的邊緣，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一間小屋。一條看得見的冰川從山頂流下，流經(jīng)山谷。遼闊的大地延伸至目光所及之處。許多馴鹿在一些當?shù)厝说呐阃逻w移，以防止豹子傷害它們。這里禁止打獵。所有記者都為身處如此美麗的地方而感到由衷的幸福。然而，只有一件事令人不愉快。一位女記者感冒了，一直打噴嚏。她放在茶壺里的奶油也變酸了。她把茶壺翻轉(zhuǎn)過來，倒出了酸奶油。Iwaswandering

alongthecorridor

oftheamusement

park.Asplendid

fountain

ahead

appealed

to

me.Behinditwasthesuperbaquarium.Ipedalled

acycle

alongtheoriginalroutetovisittheaquarium.Iwasverymuchamused

toseesomeadorable

fishswimmingandanenormous

whaleondisplay.Therewereupto

20,000fishthere.ThenIvisitedapirate

ship,hadaswing

withsomechildrenandtookarideontheroller

coaster.Inthispark,thereweremanyentertainmentsthatarousedmyappetite.Icouldwatchfashion

shows,iron

workshops,andarare

steam

engine.Thatwasanincredible

themepark

thatappealedto

everyone.Afterthevisit,myteacheraskedmetodescribetheparkwithadjectivesandimperativesentences,thentolabel

theseadjectivesandputthemintheleftcolumn.【中文意思】我漫步在游樂園的走廊上。前面一個壯觀的噴泉吸引了我。在它后面是一個極佳的水族館。我沿著原來的路線騎自行車去參觀水族館?？吹揭恍┛蓯鄣聂~在水里游來游去，還有一頭巨大的鯨在那里展覽，我覺得很有趣。那里有多達兩萬條魚。然后我參觀了一艘海盜船，和孩子們一起蕩秋千，坐過山車。公園里有許多娛樂活動，引起了我的強烈欲望。我可以觀看時裝秀、鐵器車間和一臺罕見的蒸汽機。那是一個極好的主題公園，吸引著每一個人。參觀結(jié)束后，老師讓我用形容詞和祈使句來描述公園，然后給這些形容詞貼上標簽，把它們放在左欄里。

Unit4Inourinteractions

withotherpeople,thewayofexpressionneedstovary

withthesituation.Bodylanguageisimportantandreliable.Bycontrast,itissometimesmoreappropriate

thanspokenlanguage.Asmileisalwaysapproved

ofinallculturesbecauseitdemonstrates

politenessandcanbreakdownbarriers.Afake

smileisalsonecessaryifyouwanttohidefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,orwhenyoufeelashamed

orembarrassed.Ofcourse,wecanmakeinferences

aboutthetruthofthesmile.Bodylanguagediffers

aroundtheworld.Differentculturesmayemploy

differentgestures

toexpresstheidentical

feelings.Insomecultures,peoplefavour

shakinghands,bowing

fromthewaist

whentheymeet.Bycomparison,elsewhere,peoplemaykisstheirfriendsonthecheek.Youcanalsowitness

thatsomepeopleinterpret

thegesture

forOKaszero.【中文意思】在我們與他人的交流中，表達方式需要根據(jù)情況而變化。肢體語言是很重要的，也是很可靠的。相比之下，它有時候比口頭語言更恰當。微笑在所有文化中都是被認可的，因為它表現(xiàn)出禮貌，還可以消除隔閡。如果你想隱藏像憤怒或焦慮等情緒，或者當你感到羞愧或?qū)擂螘r，假笑也是必要的。當然，我們可以推斷出微笑的真實性。世界各地的肢體語言相異。不同的文化可能使用不同的手勢來表達相同的感受。在某些文化中，人們見面時較喜歡握手、彎腰鞠躬。相比之下，在其他地方，人們可能會親吻朋友的臉頰。你還可以目睹有些人把“OK”的手勢理解為零。Asaneducator,I’velearnedtoreadmystudents’bodylanguageandknowwhatmakeseachstudenttick.Inotherwords,Iunderstandwhatmystudentsthinkthroughtheirbodylanguage.Asweknow,peoplehaveatendency

toleantowardswhatevertheyareinterestedin.Soifastudenthashisheadlowered

tolookathiswatch,itimplies

heisbored.Theireyesbarely

move,andwiththeir

chins

ontheirhands,theyoccupy

themselvesby

staring

outofthewindoworupattheceiling,whichallmeanthesestudentsaredistracted

fromclass.Icanperceive

anddistinguish

whysomestudentsputtheirarmsacrosstheirchests.IknowIneedto

inquire

andassess

whatisgoingon.Once,Imadeatrialwiththetwin

brothersaboutnonverbal

gestures.Igaveanaccurateassessment

oftheir

internal

thoughtsbyhowtheyposed,slumped

andbent

over.Thiswasalsoagoodexplanationofbodylanguage.Ultimately,Icallon

mystudentsnottobebothered

bytheoutsideworldandadjust

theirlearningstate.Atwork,ifthereisaconflict

betweenbehaviourandlearning,Iwillintervene

intime.Thisismerely

onecomponent

ofthesolution.【中文意思】作為一名教師，我學會了解讀學生的肢體語言，了解每個學生這樣做的原因。換句話說，我通過學生的肢體語言來了解他們的想法。眾所周知，人們總是傾向于他們感興趣的東西。所以，如果一個學生低頭看表，這意味著他很無聊。如果他們的眼睛幾乎不動，并且雙手托著下巴，忙著盯窗外或天花板，這都意味著這些學生上課分心。我能夠察覺和辨別為什么有些學生把胳膊交叉放在胸前。我知道我需要詢問和評估發(fā)生了什么。有一次，我對雙胞胎兄弟做了一個關(guān)于非語言手勢的試驗。我通過他們擺姿勢、垂頭彎腰地走和俯身的方式，準確地評估了他們的內(nèi)心的想法。這也是對肢體語言的一個很好的解釋。最后，我要求學生不要被外界干擾，調(diào)整好自己的學習狀態(tài)。在課堂學習中，如果行為和學習之間有沖突，我會及時介入。這僅僅是解決方案的一部分。Unit5Knownasthe“fatherofhybrid

rice”,YuanLongpinghad

devoted

hislifeto

theChinesefarmers.Once,Chinahadaseriousshortage

offood.Totackle

thiscrisis,

alleviate

hungerandgetridofpoverty,Yuanwasconvinced

thatfarmersmustboostyields

inthefieldstheyhad.Onecharacteristic

ofhybrids

showedthattheycouldattain

ahigheryield

thanconventional

crops.Throughintense

effort,YuanLongping

overcame

enormousdifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybrid

ricethatenabledfarmerstoexpand

theiroutput

greatly.Today,itisestimated

thatabout60percentofdomestic

riceconsumption

inChinais

comprised

of

cropsgenerated

fromYuan’shybridstrains.Deepdown,Yuanwas

stillverymuchafarmeratheart.Asamanofthesoil,hecared

littleforcelebrity

ormoney.Despitehiswealth,YuanLongpingdidn’tlivealifeofleisure.His

assumption

wasthatheenvisioned

riceplantsastallassorghum,witheachearofriceasbigasabroom,andeachgrain

ofriceashugeasapeanut.Hislater

vision

forricegrowinginsalty

landhad

alsobecomeareality.【中文意思】袁隆平，被譽為“雜交水稻之父”，將其一生奉獻給了中國農(nóng)民。中國的糧食曾經(jīng)嚴重短缺。為了應(yīng)對這個危機，緩解饑餓和擺脫貧困，袁隆