2024年6月六級(jí)考試真題試卷

年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題（第一套）PartI Writing (30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofbuildingtrustbetweenteachersandstudents.Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourviews.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartII ListeningComprehension (30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversa-tion,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)ItisaSpanishsoup.Itisaweirdvegetable.Itisatypicalsalad.Itisakindofspicyfood.A)addtoitsappeal.replaceaningredient.makeitthicker.makeitmorenutritious.A)Itcontainsverylittlefat.Itismainlymadeofvegetables.Itusesoliveoilincooking.Itusesnoartificialadditives.A)Itdoesnotgostalefortwoyears.Ittakesnospecialskilltoprepare.Itisadelicacyblendedwithbread.Itcomesfromaspecialkindofpig.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Theycomeinagreatvariety.TheygowellwithItalianfood.Theydonotmakedecentgifts.Theydonotvarymuchinprice.6. A)Around$150. C)$50-$60.B)$40-$50. D)$30-$40.A)Theygowellwithdifferentkindsoffood.Theysymbolizegoodhealthandlongevity.TheyareespeciallypopularamongItalians.Theyareahealthychoiceforelderlypeople.A)ItisawineimportedfromCalifornia.Itisfarmoreexpensivethanheexpected.ItisItaly’smostfamoustypeofredwine.Itislessspicythanallotherredwines.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Learningothers’secrets. C)Decodingsecretmessages.B)Searchingforinformation. D)Spreadingsensationalnews.A)Theyweregoodatbreakingenemysecretcodes.Theywereassignedtodecodeenemymessages.Theycouldwritedownspokencodespromptly.Theyhelpedthe.armyinA)Amilitarycodethatwasneverbroken.Decodingofsecretmessagesinwartimes.ImportantbattlesfoughtinthePacificNavajoIndians’contributiontocodebreaking.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Allserviceswillbepersonalized.Moreinformationwillbeavailable.Alotofknowledge-intensivejobswillbereplaced.Technologywillrevolutionizeallsectorsofindustry.A)Intheroboticsindustry.Inhigh-endmanufacturing.Intheinformationservice.InthepersonalcareA)Theyneedlotsoftraining.Theychargehighprices.Theyfocusoncustomers’specificneeds.Theycatertotheneedsofyoungpeople.A)Thedisruptioncausedbytechnologyintraditionallywell-paidjobs.Therisingdemandineducationandhealthcareinthenext20years.Theamazingamountofpersonalattentionpeoplewouldliketohave.Thetremendouschangesnewtechnologywillbringtopeople’slives.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Itlay8milesfromthemonumentsites.ItwasthelongestroadinancientEgypt.Itlinkedastonepittosomewaterways.Itwasconstructedsome500yearsago.A)Somestonetoolsegments.Sawsusedforcuttingstone.Anancientgeographicalmap.Tracesleftbyearlyexplorers.A)provideservicesforthestonepit.transportstonestoblockfoods.linkthevariousmonumentsites.connectthevillagesalongtheNile.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Gongdidn’tgivehimanyconventionaltests.Gongslippedinneedleswherehefeltnopain.Gongmarkedhisofficewithahand-paintedsign.Gongdidn’taskhimanyquestionsabouthispain.A)Hefoundtheexpensivemedicaltestsunaffordable.Hehadheardofthewondersacupuncturecouldwork.GongwasveryfamousinNewChinatown.Previousmedicaltreatmentsfailedtorelievehispain.A)Itdoesnothaveanynegativesideeffects.Acupuncturetechniqueshavebeenperfected.Moreandmorepatientsaskforthetreatment.Itdoesn’tneedtheconventionalmedicaltests.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Theyarguedpersistentlyaboutwhethertohavechildren.Theyquarreledalotandneverresolvedtheirarguments.Theywerecompatibledespitedifferences.Theywereonthevergeofbreakingup.A)Theyweren’tspoiledintheirchildhood.Neitherofthemwontheirparents’favor.Neitherofthemhasanybrothersorsisters.Theydidn’tliketobetheappleoftheirparents’eyes.A)Theytendtobeself-assuredandresponsible.Theyareoftencontentwithwhattheyhave.Theytendtobeadventurousandcreative.Theyareusuallygoodatmakingfriends.A)Theyenjoymakingfriends.Theyareleastlikelytotakeinitiative.Theyusuallyhavesuccessfulmarriages.Theytendtobewelladjusted.PartIII ReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.requiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.EachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaPleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.maynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankthanonce.DidSarahJosephaHalewrite“Mary’sLittleLamb,”theeternalnurseryrhyme(兒歌)aboutagirlnamedMarywithastubbornlamb?Thisisstilldisputed,butit’sclearthatthewoman26forwritingitwasoneofAmerica’smostfascinating27.Inhonorofthepoem’spublicationonMay24,1830,here’smoreaboutthe28author’slife.Halewasn’tjustawriter,shewasalsoa 29 socialadvocate,andshewasparticularly30 withanidealNewEngland,whichsheassociatedwithabundantThanksgivingmealsthatsheclaimedhad“adeepmoralinfluence.”Shebegananationwide 31 tohaveanationalholidaydeclaredthatwouldbringfamiliestogetherwhilecelebratingthe 32festivals.In1863,after17yearsofadvocacyincludingletterstofivepresidents,Halegotit.PresidentAbrahamLincoln,duringtheCivilissueda 33 settingasidethelastThursdayinNovemberfortheholiday.Thetrueauthorshipof“Mary’sLittleLamb”isdisputed.AccordingtotheNewEnglandHistoricalSociety,Halewroteonlypartofthepoem,butclaimedauthorship.Regardlessoftheauthor,itseemsthatthepoemwas34byarealevent.WhenyoungMarySawyerwasfollowedtoschoolbyalambin1816,itcausedsomeproblems.AbystandernamedJohnRoulstonewroteapoemabouttheevent.Then,atsomepoint,Haleherselfseemstohavehelpedwriteit.However,ifa1916piecebyhergreat-nieceistobetrusted,Haleclaimedforthe 35 ofherlifethat“someotherpeoplepretendedthatsomeoneelsewrotethepoem”.I)proclamationJ)recti?edreputedI)proclamationJ)recti?edreputedrestsupposedtraditionalversatilecampaigncampaigncareercharactersfeatures?erceinspiredlatterobsessedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationinderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.GrowPlantsWithoutWaterEversincehumanitybegantofarmourownfood,we’vefacedtheunpredictablerainthatisbothfriendandenemy.Itcomesandgoeswithoutmuchwarning,andafieldoflush(茂盛的)leafygreensoneyearcandryupandblowawaythenext.Foodsecurityandfortunesdependonsufficientrain,andnowheremoresothaninAfrica,where96%offarmlanddependsonraininsteadoftheirrigationcommoninmoredevelopedplaces.Ithasconsequences:SouthAfrica’songoingdrought—theworstinthreedecades—willcostatleastaquarterofitscorncropthisBiologistJillFarrantoftheUniversityofCapeinSouthAfricasaysthatnaturehasplentyofanswersforpeoplewhowanttogrowcropsinplaceswithunpredictablerainfall.Sheishardatworkfindingawaytotaketraitsfromrarewildplantsthatadapttoextremedryweatherandusetheminfoodcrops.Astheearth’sclimatechangesandrainfallbecomesevenlesspredictableinsomeplaces,thoseanswerswillgrowevenmorevaluable.“ThetypeoffarmingI’maimingforisliterallysothatpeoplecansurviveasit’sgoingtogetmoreandmoredry,”Farrantsays.Extremeconditionsproduceextremelytoughplants.IntherustyreddesertsofSouthAfrica,steep-sidedrockyhillscalledinselbergsrearupfromtheplainslikethebonesoftheearth.Thehillsareremnantsofanearliergeologicalera,scrapedbareofmostsoilandexposedtotheelements.ontheseandsimilarformationsindesertsaroundtheworld,afewfierceplantshaveadaptedtoendureunderever-changingconditions.Farrantcallsthemresurrectionplants).Duringmonthswithoutwaterunderaharshsun,theywither,shrinkandcontractuntiltheylooklikeapileofdeadgrayleaves.Butrainfallcanrevivetheminamatterofhours.Hertime-lapse)videosoftherevivalslooklikesomeoneplayingatapeoftheplant’sdeathinreverse.Thebigdiferencebetwee“drought-tolerantplantsandthesetoughplants:metabolism.Manydifferentkindsofplantshavedevelopedtacticstoweatherdryspells.Someplantsstorereservesofwatertoseethemthroughadrought;otherssendrootsdeepdowntosubsurfacewatersupplies.Butoncetheseplantsuseuptheirstoredreserveortapouttheundergroundsupply,theyceasegrowingandstarttodie.Theymaybeabletohandleadroughtofelength,andmanypeopleusetheter“droughttoleranttodescribeplants,buttheyneveractuallystopneedingtoconsumewater,soFarrantpreferstocallthemdroughtresistant.Resurrectionplants,definedasthosecapableofrecoveringfromholdinglessthangramsofwaterpergramofdrymass,aredifferent.Theylackwater-storingstructures,andtheirexistenceonrockfacespreventsthemfromtappinggroundwater,sotheyhaveinsteaddevelopedtheabilitytochangetheirmetabolism.Whentheydetectanextendeddryperiod,theydiverttheirmetabolisms,producingsugarsandcertainstress-associatedproteinsandothermaterialsintheirtissues.Astheplantdries,theseresourcestakeonfirsttheproper-tiesofthenrubber,andfinallyenteraglass-likestatethatis“themoststablestalethattheplantcanmaintain,”Farrantsays.Thatslowstheplant’smetabolismandprotectsitsdried-outtissues.Theplantsalsochangeshape,shrinkingtominimizethesurfaceareathroughwhichtheirremainingwatermightevaporate.Theycanrecoverfrommonthsandyearswithoutdependingonthespecies.Whatelsecandothisdry-out-and-revivetrick?Seeds—almostallofthem.Atthestartofhercareer,Farrantstudied“recalcitrantseeds),”suchasavocados,coffeeandlychee.Whiletasty,suchseedsaredelicate—theycannotbudandgrowiftheydryout(asyoumayknowifyou’veevertriedtogrowatreefromanavocadopit).Intheseedworld,thatmakesthemrare,becausemostseedsfromfloweringplantsarequiterobust.Mostseedscanwaitouttheunwelcomingseasonsuntilconditionsarerightandtheysproutoncetheystartgrowing,suchplantsseemnottoretaintheabilitytohitthepausebuttononmetabolismintheirstemsorleaves.AftercompletingherPh.D.onseeds,Farrantbeganinvestigatingwhetheritmightbepossibletoisolatethepropertiesthatmakemostseedssoresilientandtransferthemtootherplanttissues.WhatFarrantandothershavefoundoverthepasttwodecadesisthattherearemanygenesinvolvedinresurrectionplants’responsetodryness.Manyofthemarethesamethatregulatehowseedsbecomedryness-tolerantwhilestillattachedtotheirparentplants.Nowtheyaretryingtofigureoutwhatmolecularsignalingprocessesactivatethoseseed-buildinggenesinresurrectionplants—andhowtoreproducethemincrops.“Mostgenesareregulatedbyamastersetofgenes,”Farrantsays.lookingatgenepromotersandwhatwouldbetheirmasterswitch.”O(jiān)nceFarrantandhercolleaguesfeeltheyhaveabettersenseofwhichswitchestotheywillhavetofindthebestwaytodosoinusefulcrops.“I’mtryingthreemethodsofbreeding,”Farrantsays:conventional,geneticmodificationandgeneediting.Shesayssheisawarethatplentyofpeopledonotwanttoeatgeneticallymodifiedcrops,butsheispushingaheadwitheveryavailabletooluntiloneworks.Farmersandconsumersalikecanchoosewhetherornottousewhicheverversionprevails:“I’mgivingpeopleanoption.”Farrantandothersintheresurrectionbusinessgottogetherlastyeartodiscussthebestspeciesofresurrectionplanttouseasalabmodel.Justlikemedicalresearchersuseratstotestideasforhumanmedicaltreatmentsbotanistsuseplantsthatarerelativelyeasytogrowinalaborgreenhousesettingtotesttheirideasforrelatedspecies.TheQueenslandrockvioletisoneofthebeststudiedresurrectionplantssowithadraftgenome)publishedlastyearbyaChineseteam.Alsolastyear,Farrantandcolleaguespublishedadetailedmolecularstudyofanothercandidate.Xerophytaviscosa,atough-as-nailSouthAfricanplantwithlily-likeflowers,andshesaysthatagenomeisontheOneorbothofthesemodelswillhelpresearcherstesttheirideas—sofarmostlydoneinthelab—ontestplots.Understandingthebasicsciencefirstiskey.Therearegoodreasonswhycropplantsdonotusedrynessdefensesalready.Forinstance,there’sahighenergycostinswitchingfromaregularmetabolismtoanalmost-no-watermetabolism.Itwillalsobenecessarytounderstandwhatsortofyieldfarmersmightexpectandtoestablishtheplant’s“Theyieldisnevergoingtobehigh,”Farrantsays,sotheseplantswillbetargetednotatIowafarmerstryingtosqueezemorecashoutofhigh-yieldfields,butsubsistencefarmerswhoneedhelptosurviveadroughtlikethepresentoneinSouthAfrica.“Myvisionisforthesubsistencefarmer,”Farrantsays.“I’mtargetingcropsthatareofAfricanvalue.”注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。Thereareacoupleofplantstoughandadaptableenoughtosurviveonbarerockyhillsandindeserts.Farrantistryingtoisolategenesinresurrectionplantsandreproducethemincrops.FarmersinSouthAfricaaremoreatthemercyofnature,especiallyinconsistentrainfall.Resurrectioncropsaremostlikelytobethechoiceofsubsistencefarmers.Eventhoughmanyplantshavedevelopedvarioustacticstocopewithdryweather,theycannotsurviveaprolongeddrought.Despiteconsumerresistance,researchersarepushingaheadwithgeneticmodificationofcrops.Mostseedscanpullthroughdryspellsandbegingrowingwhenconditionsareripe,butoncethisprocessstarts,itcannotbeheldback.Farrantisworkinghardtocultivatefoodcropsthatcansurviveextremedrynessbystudy-ingthetraitsofrarewildplants.Byadjustingtheirmetabolism,resurrectionplantscanrecoverfromanextendedperiodofdrought.Resurrectionplantscancomebacktolifeinashorttimeafterarainfall.SectionCDirections:twopassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemfourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Humanmemoryisnotoriouslyunreliable.Evenpeoplewiththesharpestfacial-recognitionskillscanonlyremembersomuch.It’stoughtoquantifyhowgoodapersonisatremembering.Noonereallyknowshowmanydifferentfacessomeonecanrecall,forexample,butvariousestimatestendtohoverinthethousands—basedonthenumberofacquaintancesapersonmighthave.Machinesaren’tlimitedthisGivetherightcomputeramassivedatabaseoffaces,anditcanprocesswhatitsees—thenrecognizeafaceit’stoldtofind—withremarkablespeedandprecision.Thisskilliswhatsupportstheenormouspromiseoffacial-recognitionsoftwareinthe21stcentury.It’salsowhatmakescontemporarysurveillancesystemssoscary.Thethingis,machinesstillhavelimitationswhenitcomestofacialrecognition.Andscientistsareonlyjustbeginningtounderstandwhatthoseconstraintsare.begintofigureouthowcomputersarestruggling,researchersattheUniversityofWashingtoncreatedamassivedatabaseoffaces—theycallitMegaFace—andtestedavarietyoffacial-recognitionalgorithms(算法)astheyscaledupincomplexity.Theideawastotestthemachinesonadatabasethatincludedupto1milliondifferentimagesofnearly700,000differentpeople—andnotjustalargedatabasefeaturingarelativelysmallnumberofdifferentfaces,moreconsistentwithwhat’sbeenusedinotherresearch.Asthedatabasesmachineaccuracydippedacrosstheboard.Algorithmsthatwereright95%ofthetimewhentheyweredealingwitha13,000-imagedatabase,forexample,wereaccurateabout70%ofthetimewhenconfrontedwith1millionimages.That’sstillprettygood,saysoneoftheresearchers,IraKemelmacher-Shilzerman.“Muchbetterthanweexpected,”shesaid.Machinesalsohaddifficultyadjustingforpeoplewholookalotalike—eitherdoppelgang-ers),whomthemachinewouldhavetroubleidentifyingastwoseparatepeople,orthesamepersonwhoappeardindifferentphotosatdifferentagesorindifferentlighting,whomthemachinewouldincorrectlyviewasseparatepeople.“Oncewescaleup,algorithmsmustbesensitivetotinychangesinidentitiesandatthesametimeinvarianttolighting,pose,age,”Kemelmacher-Shizermansaid.Thetroubleis,formanyoftheresearcherswho’dliketodesignsystemstoaddressthesechallenges,massivedatasetsforexperimentationjustdon’texist—atleast,notinformatsthatareaccessibletoacademicresearchers.TrainingsetsliketheonesGoogleandFacebookhaveareprivate.Therearenopublicdatabasesthatcontainmillonsoffaces.MegaFace’screatorssayit’sthelargestpubliclyavailablefacial-recognitiondatasetoutthere.“Anultimatefacerecognitionalgorithmshouldperformwithbillionsofpeopleinadataset,”theresearcherswrote.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。Comparedwithhumanmemory,machinescan .identifyhumanfacesmoreefficientlytellafriendfromamereacquaintancestoreanunlimitednumberofhumanfacesperceiveimagesinvisibletothehumaneyeWhydidresearcherscreateMegaface?enlargethevolumeofthefacial-recognitiondatabase.increasethevarietyoffacial-recognitionsoftware.understandcomputers’problemswithfacialrecognition.reducethecomplexityoffacial-recognitionalgorithms.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutmachineaccuracy?Itfallsshortofreseachers’expectations.Itimproveswithaddedcomputingpower.Itvariesgreatlywithdifferentalgorithms.Itdecreasesasthedatabasesizeincreases.Whatissaidtobeashortcomingoffacial-recognitionmachines?Theycannoteasilytellapartpeoplewithnear-identicalappearances.Theyhavedifficultyidentifyingchangesinfacialexpressions.Theyarenotsensitivetominutechangesinpeople’smood.Theyhaveproblemsdistinguishingpeopleofthesameage.Whatisthedifficultyconfrontingresearchersoffacial-recognitionmachines?Nocomputerisyetabletohandlehugedatasetsofhumanfaces.Theredonotexistpublicdatabaseswithsufficientfacesamples.Therearenoappropriatealgorithmstoprocessthefacesamples.Theyhavetroubleconvertingfacedatasetsintotherightformat.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.There’recurrentlymillionstudentsinAmerica,andmanywillbefundingtheircollegeonborrowedmoney.Giventhatthere’snowover$trillioninstudentloansonthebooks,it’sprettyclearthatmanystudentsarefarfromsensible.Theaveragestudent’sdebtupongraduationnowapproaches$40,000,andascollegebecomesevermoreexpensive,callstomakei“freearemultiplying.EvenyClintonsthatnitcomestocollege,“Costswon’tbeabarrier.”Buttheonlywaycollegecouldbefreeisifthefacultyandstaffdonatedtheirtime,thebuildingsrequirednomaintenance,andcampusesrequirednoutilities.Aslongasit’simpos-sibletoproducesomethingfromnothing,costsareabsolutelyabarrier.Theactualquestionwedebateiswhoshouldpayforpeopletogotocollege.Iftaxpayersaretobearthecostofforgivingstudentloans,shouldn’ttheyhaveasayinhowtheirmoneyisused?Atleasttaxpayersshouldbeabletodecidewhatstudentswillstudyonthepublicdime.Ifwe’regoingtoforcetaxpayerstofootthebillforcollegedegrees,studentsshouldonlystudythosesubjectsthat’reofgreatestbenefittotaxpayers.Afterall,studentsmakingtheirownchoicesinthisrespectiswhatcausedtheprobleminthefirstplace.simplydon’tneedmorepoetry,genderstudies,orsociologymajors.Howdoweknowwhichsubjectsbenefitsociety?Averagestartingsalariesgiveaclearindicationofwhattypeoftrainingsocietyneedsitsnewworkerstohave.Certainly,there’rebenefitstoacollegemajorbeyondthejobastudentcanperform.Butifwe’retalkingaboutthebenefitstosociety,theonlythingthatmattersiswhatt