大二輪高考總復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)第02部分專題01第01節(jié)撥云見(jiàn)日巧解細(xì)節(jié)理解題

第一節(jié)撥云見(jiàn)日——巧解細(xì)節(jié)理解題1．“斷章取義”尋依據(jù)——題干定位法。首先要認(rèn)真閱讀題干或選項(xiàng)，迅速確定關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，如：人物、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、事件等，以關(guān)鍵詞為線索，返回文章跳讀尋查。如利用人名、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間等，直接到文章中去找涉及到這些信息的相關(guān)句子，即可準(zhǔn)確地找到答案?！镜淅?】(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ，A)eq\x(阿凡題1084526)...HabimaNationalTheatreTelAvivHebrewTheHabimaisthecentreofHebrew－languagetheatreworldwide.FoundedinMoscowafterthe1905revolution，thepanyeventuallysettledinTelAvivinthelate1920s.Since1958，theyhavebeenrecognisedasthenationaltheatreofIsrael.ThisproductionofShakespeare’sTheMerchantofVenicemarkstheirfirstvisittotheUK.Date&Time：Monday28May,7：30pm&Tuesday29May,7：30pm...WhencanyouseeaplayinHebrew?A．OnSaturday28April.B．OnSunday29April.C．OnTuesday22May.D．OnTuesday29May.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的inHebrew可以定位至HabimaNationalTheatre處，根據(jù)最后一部分內(nèi)容“Date&Time：Monday28May,7：30pm&Tuesday29May,7：30pm”可知，在5月29日是可以看戲劇的，故選D項(xiàng)。A、B、C三項(xiàng)張冠李戴，A、B兩項(xiàng)是NationalTheatreofChina的戲劇演出的時(shí)間安排；C項(xiàng)是DeafinitelyTheatre的戲劇演出的時(shí)間安排。只有D項(xiàng)符合。答案：D2．“去偽存真”辨是非首先瀏覽題目所提供的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。若各選項(xiàng)針對(duì)同一內(nèi)容，則要找出各個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間的差異，再帶著問(wèn)題去原文中核實(shí)文章的實(shí)際內(nèi)容；若各個(gè)選項(xiàng)陳述的內(nèi)容不一致，“各自為政”，則要根據(jù)題干或選項(xiàng)中提供的線索回讀原文，逐個(gè)找到相關(guān)句，最后確定答案。另外，解答細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，不能脫離原文，不能想當(dāng)然地依賴自己的文化背景知識(shí)，而應(yīng)該在文章中找出相應(yīng)出外，并根據(jù)相應(yīng)出處的信息作選擇?！镜淅?】(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ，A)eq\x(阿凡題1084527)...DeafinitelyTheatreLondonBritishSignLanguage(BSL)BytranslatingtherichandhumoroustextofLove’sLabour’sLostintothephysicallanguageofBSL，DeafinitelyTheatrecreatesanewinterpretationofShakespeare’sedyandaimstobuildabridgebetweendeafandhearingworldsbyperformingtobothgroupsasoneaudience.Date&Time：Tuesday22May,2：30pm&Wednesday23May,7：30pmWhatisspecialaboutDeafinitelyTheatre?A．Ithastwogroupsofactors.B．ItistheleadingtheatreinLondon.C．ItperformsplaysinBSL.D．Itisgoodatproducingedies.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DeafinitelyTheatreLondon|BritishSignLanguage(BSL)下面的第一句“BytranslatingtherichandhumoroustextofLove’sLabour’sLostintothephysicallanguageofBSL...”可知，在DeafinitelyTheatre中，戲劇是用BSL(英國(guó)手語(yǔ))來(lái)演出的。故選C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)偷換概念，文中指出DeafinitelyTheatre的觀眾包括失聰?shù)娜撕驼Ｈ藘煞N群體，而不是它的演員；B項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有，文章沒(méi)有說(shuō)DeafinitelyTheatre是倫敦最好的劇院；D項(xiàng)曲解文意，文中雖然提到了edy，但提到的是這家劇院對(duì)莎士比亞的喜劇新的詮釋，不是這家劇院擅長(zhǎng)制作喜劇。答案：C3．“同義互釋”定選項(xiàng)細(xì)節(jié)題答案選項(xiàng)的表述通常不是用文章的原話，而是使用與之同義或近義的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)。如：把loseone’sjob換成outofwork；important換成ofimportance?？忌欢ㄒ氐轿闹姓页雠c答題內(nèi)容相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)和句子，在理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上從備選項(xiàng)中找出與原文意思相同或相近的詞或短語(yǔ)?！镜淅?】(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，B)eq\x(阿凡題1084528)...ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold，mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary－eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood－byetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown....WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?A．Itwasanall－timeclassic.B．Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.C．Theaudiencerequestedit.D．Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.解析：根據(jù)第二段中的“TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.”可知，影院選擇放映電影TheLastPictureShow，是因?yàn)橛霸豪习逭J(rèn)為它比較合適。故選D項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)答非所問(wèn)。它是部經(jīng)典電影，但這不是選擇它的原因。B項(xiàng)顛倒是非。這部電影以一個(gè)小城鎮(zhèn)為背景，這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)上唯一的電影院即將關(guān)門。這個(gè)小城鎮(zhèn)不是影院老板所在的城鎮(zhèn)。C項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有。文中沒(méi)有提及，而且文章說(shuō)的是，影院老板安排放映了這部影片。答案：D4．“本末倒置”讀廣告廣告、字典、公告、演出信息、航班時(shí)間表以及借書卡片等一般為功能閱讀，需快速尋找信息。做這類題時(shí)沒(méi)有必要閱讀全文，可采用“題干定位法”，即：先閱讀題干，然后根據(jù)問(wèn)題，有針對(duì)性地閱讀相關(guān)部分，縮小閱讀范圍，提高解題效率。【典例4】(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，A)eq\x(阿凡題1084529)SanFranciscoFireEngineToursSanFranciscoWineryTourRunning：February1stthroughApril30thThisdelicioustourgoesthroughthecityonitswaytoTreasureIslandwherewewillstopatthefamousWinerySF.Hereyoucanenjoy4poursofsomeofthebestwineSanFranciscohastooffer.(Includedinticketprice)DepartingfromtheCannery：TourtimesuponrequestDuration(時(shí)長(zhǎng))：2hoursPrice：$90WhichofthetoursisavailableinMarch?A．SanFranciscoWineryTour.B．BacktotheFiftiesTour.C．SpookyHalloweenTour.D．HolidayLightsTour.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個(gè)標(biāo)題SanFranciscoWineryTour下的February1stthroughApril30th可知，此項(xiàng)活動(dòng)從2月1日持續(xù)到4月30日，所以如果3月份出游，要選擇SanFranciscoWineryTour，故選A項(xiàng)。答案：A5．“加減乘除”巧計(jì)算數(shù)字計(jì)算題是近年來(lái)?？嫉囊环N題型，有的可以在文中直接找到答案，有的可以在文中找到相關(guān)的數(shù)字信息，但要經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)比、分析及具體的計(jì)算才能得到答案。解答此類題目時(shí)應(yīng)做到以下三點(diǎn)：第一，要審清題目，弄清楚題目問(wèn)的是什么，不要盲目作答；第二，要比對(duì)原文中的數(shù)字和單位；第三，不要忽視文中的任何一個(gè)數(shù)字?！镜淅?】(2017·北京卷，B)eq\x(阿凡題1084530)...SUBSCRIBENOW□AnnualSubscriptionEurope￡55RestofWorld￡65□AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPackIncludesaMammothMap，aPassportPuzzleBooklet，andSubscriptionEurope￡60RestofWorld￡70RefundPolicy—thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback....Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12－monthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina?A．￡55. B．￡60.C．￡65. D．￡70.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，12－month(即annual“一年的”)，withgiftpack及fromChina(即RestofWorld)，以及AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPack部分中的“RestofWould￡70”答案：DAJetSkiingInstructors：CampLohikanisafirst－classsummercamplyinginthePoconoMountainsofPennsylvania.Ourcampersrangeinagefrom6to15andetocampfromallovertheworld.Sodoesourstaff!Wepaythebestsalariestorecruitthebeststaff.Weknowthatthemostimportantelementinguaranteeingthatourcampershaveagreatsummerexperienceisourstaff.Ifyouhavethetalenttoteachorworkintheareaofyourspecialtyandyouareanoutgoing，friendlyindividualwhowillbeapositiverolemodelforchildrenandyouenjoyworkingwithkids，westronglyencourageyoutopleteouremploymentapplication!EmploymentBenefits：·Travelallowanceisavailable.·Tippingispermitted.·Room，boardandlaundryservicesareprovided.Youhavenoexpenses!·Nightsoffanddaysoffarescheduledthroughoutthesummer.OurbeststaffisrecruitedfromacrosstheUSandEuropeandprovidesauniquesocialexperienceforourcampers.WorkingatCampLohikanistheexperienceofalifetime.Thepersonalgrowth，therewardsofworkingwithchildren，theexcitementofanactive，diversemunityandtheclosefriendshipsthatyouformwillstaywithyoulongafterthesummerends.ManystaffmembersdescribetheiremploymentatCampToApply：Thebestwaytoapplyforthejobisonlineatlohikan/staffrec.htm.Youcanalsotelephoneourofficeat9084709317andwe’llbehappytomailyouourStaffApplicationPackage.Getreadyforthebestsummerofyourlife!1.Whatplaysakeyroleinensuringcampershaveagoodtime?A．Staff’ssalaries.B．Children’srolemodels.C．Thepany’semployees.D．Thepany’smanagement.2．WhatwillyoudowhileworkingatCampA．Tipthewaiters.B．Payforthemeals.C．Gaintravelallowance.D．Haveadayoffeveryweek.3．Whichmeansismostpreferredtoapplyforthejob?A．OntheInternet. B．Facetoface.C．Onthephone. D．Bye－mail.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，是一個(gè)夏令營(yíng)招募員工的廣告。1．解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中的“themostimportantelementinguaranteeingthatourcampershaveagreatsummerexperienceisourstaff”可知選C。答案：C2．解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)EmploymentBenefits中的“Travelallowanceisavailable”可知選C。答案：C3．解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)ToApply中的“Thebestwaytoapplyforthejobisonlineatlohikan/staffrec.htm”可知，通過(guò)登錄網(wǎng)站申請(qǐng)是最好的方法，故選A。答案：ABMakingartworkaboutsocietyDesigner：SamGlobeAge：18Family：SingleHome：Alton，Missouri，USWhathemakes：SamistheownerofSam’sOriginals.Hecreatesmultimediaartworkandjewelry.Tellusaboutyourself：Iama2015AltonHighSchoolgraduate.Inthefall，IamattendingtheSchooloftheArtInstituteofChicago(SAIC)inthehopeofreceivingaBachelorofFineArtsdegree.Tellusaboutyourpany：IstartedSam’sOriginalsasafreshmaninhighschoolsellingjewelryandartwork.Icreatemultimediapieces，paintings，photographyandrecycledadornments(裝飾品)．Whatinspiresyou？Currentissuesinspiremyartpieces.Twoofmyrecentmultimediapiecesdealwithassassination(暗殺)andtheinfluencesocietyhasonpresidents.Myjewelryismadefromproductsmanypeoplewouldconsidertrashlikebrokenskateboardsandbicycletubes(輪胎)．Whatisyourgreateststrength，andhowdoesitaidinthecreatingprocess？Ibelievethatmygreateststrengthwouldbemyabilitytobecreative.IthelpsthecreatingprocessespeciallywhenIambrainstormingconceptsformynextpiece.Howdoyoumakeeachpieceunique？EachpieceisuniquebecauseofthevariousformsofmaterialsIuseinmywork，includingcollage，stenciling，photographyandscreen－printing.Howlongdoesittaketomakeeachpiece？Theamountoftimeittakestocreateapiecedefinitelydependsonhowdifficultthespecificworkis.Itmaytakeanhourortwoorevenuptoawholemonth.Wheredoyouseeisyourbusinessheaded？InfiveyearsIwillgraduatefromcollege，andmybrotherandIhopetoownadesignbusinessinAlton.4．WhendidSamGlobebeginSam’sOriginals?A．In2015.B．Whenhegraduatedfromcollege.C．WhenhewasafreshmanatSAIC.D．WhenheenteredAlton5．WhatdoesSamGlobedrawhisinspirationfrom?A．Householdtrash.B．Hiskeeninterestinart.C．Greatworksofart.D．Problemsintoday’ssociety.6．What’sthemosthelpfulwhenSamGlobe’singupwithideasofworks?A．Hisexperience. B．Hiscreativity.C．Differentmaterials. D．Brainstorming.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文為應(yīng)用文，介紹了SamGlobe和他的Sam’sOriginals。4．解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Tellusaboutyourpany部分的第一句中的“IstartedSam’sOriginalsasafreshmaninhighschool”可知答案。答案：D5．解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Whatinspiresyou？部分的第一句“Currentissuesinspiremyartpieces”可知D項(xiàng)正確。答案：D6．解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Whatisyourgreateststrength，andhowdoesitaidinthecreatingprocess？部分中的“Ibelievethatmygreateststrengthwouldbemyabilitytobecreative”可知B項(xiàng)正確。答案：BC(2017·廣州畢業(yè)班模擬)ThesunwasrisingwhenDaryl’sdeliverytruckreachedthehighway.Thiswasthebesttimeofdagtodrive，whentheroadswerewideopenandempty.HefeltsurehewasgoingtomakeittoLosAngelesbeforemidnight.Itlookedlikeitwasgoingtobeagoodday.Thenhesawit，alargelumpinthemiddleoftheroad.Daryloftenpasseddeadanimalsontheroadsidebutheknewthatthiswassomethingdifferent.Heslammedonhisbrakesandthetruckscreechedtoahalt.Thelumpwasagirl.Hetriedshakingherawakebutshewouldn’tmove，sohepickedherupandcarriedhertothesideoftheroad.Atleastshewouldn’tberunoverthere.Nowshewassomeoneelse’sproblem.HehadtomakeittoLosAngelesbymidnightanddidn’thavetimetobeahero.Heclimbedbackintohistruckbutashelookedinhismirrorandsawthegirllyingstillbythesideoftheroad，heknewhecouldn’tleaveher.Darylputherintohistruckanddrovetothenexttown.Anhourlaterhepulledupatthepolicestation.Afterexplainingwhathadhappened，hepreparedtoleave，onlyforthepolicemantosaythatheneededtomakeareport.Darylknewthiswouldtakeseveralhours，buthehadnochoice.Therewasnowayhe’dgettoLosAngelesontimenow.Threehourslaterthereportwasdoneandthegirlhadrecoveredsomewhat.Sheexplainedthatshehadfallenonthehighway，weakfromhunger，butcouldremembernothingelse.ShealsothankedDarylforsavingherlife.Daryltoldherthathehadbeenhappytohelp，butashegotbackintohistruckheknewhisbosswouldn’tbe.Justashewasabouttopullbackontotheroad，hismothercalled.“Haveyouseen？”shesaid，“Abridgecollapsedtwohoursago，theonethatyoudriveoveronthewaytoLosAngeles.”Daryl’s_blood_ran_cold.Ifhehadbeenontime，hewouldhavebeenonthatfallenbridgeabouttwohoursago.Darylrealizedhowluckyhewas.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]Daryl在送貨途中看到一位暈倒的女孩，為了幫助她而耽誤了不少時(shí)間，不能按時(shí)交貨，他擔(dān)心老板會(huì)生氣。此時(shí)母親打過(guò)來(lái)，告訴他他要經(jīng)過(guò)的一座橋梁在兩小時(shí)前塌方了，Daryl因?yàn)閹椭硕舆^(guò)一劫。7．WhatdidDarylplantodoinLosAngeles?A.Goonholiday. B．Deliversomegoods.C．Visithismum. D．Reporttohisboss.8．WhydidDarylfirstleavethegirlbythesideoftheroad?A．Hedidn’twanttobelate.B．Hethoughtthegirlwouldbefine.C．Heknewthatsomeoneelsewouldhelp.D．Heworriedthepolicewouldblamehim.9．HowdidDarylfeelafterheleftthepolicestation?A．Confidentthathewouldbeontime.B．Angrythathehadtomakethereport.C．Proudthathehadsavedthegirl’slife.D．Worriedthathisbosswouldbeangry.7．解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“Daryl’sdeliverytruck”可知他是去洛杉磯送貨物的。答案：B8．解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段第二句“HehadtomakeittoLosAngelesbymidnightanddidn’thavetimetobeahero”可知，他需要在午夜之前趕到洛杉磯，怕救女孩而遲到，所以最初他想把那位女孩留在路邊。答案：A9．解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段最后一句中的“ashegotbackintohistruckheknewhisbosswouldn’tbe”可知，當(dāng)他離開(kāi)警察局回到自己車上的時(shí)候，是在擔(dān)心老板會(huì)生氣。答案：DDWelikepeoplewholooklikeus，becausetheytendtohavepersonalitiessimilartoourown.And，anewstudysuggests，thelongerwearewithsomeone，themoresimilaritiesinappearancegrow.Researcherssetouttostudywhycouplesoftentendtolooklikeoneanother.Theyasked11maleand11femaleparticipantstojudgetheage，attractivenessandpersonalityof160real－lifemarriedcouples.Photographsofhusbandsandwiveswereviewedseparately，sotheparticipantsdidn’tknowwhowasmarriedtowhom.Thetestparticipantsratedmenandwomenwhowereactualcouplesaslookingalikeandhavingsimilarpersonalities.Also，thelongerthecoupleshadbeentogether，thegreaterthesimilarities.Theresearchersguessthatthesharingofexperiencesmightaffecthowcoupleslook.“Theideathatthereisaconnectionbetweenappearanceandpersonalitymightseemstrangeatfirst，buttherecouldbebiologicalreasonsforalink，”saidstudymemberTonyLittlefromtheUniversityofLiverpoolinEngland.“Thefacedisplaysouremotionsandovertimeemotionalexpressionsmaybeewrittenintheface，”LittletoldLiveScience.Forexample，someonewhosmilesalotmaydeveloplinesandmusclesthataresuggestiveofsomeonewhoishappy.Otherstudieshaveshownthatpartnerswhoaregeneticallysimilartoeachothertendtohavehappiermarriages.Thenewstudyindicatesthatpeoplehavedifferentfeatureswhenusingfacialappearancetomakedecisionsaboutsomeone’spersonality，andthattheparticularcues(暗示)focusedonchangefromfacetoface.Vitaltothed