【2024年一輪復(fù)習(xí)模擬卷】第一模擬（全國乙卷）（解析版）

第一模擬（全國乙卷）2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)模擬卷（解析版）注意事項:1.答題前,考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號碼填寫清楚,將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂;非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫,字體工整、筆跡清楚。3.請按照題號順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答,超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效;在草稿紙、試卷上答題無效。4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出,確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。5.保持卡面清潔,不要折疊,不要弄破、弄皺,不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．（2023春·河南洛陽·高三洛寧縣第一高級中學(xué)校聯(lián)考開學(xué)考試）Whydidthewomanfailtoseethematch?A．Shegottheflu. B．Shehadtowork. C．Shevisitedhercolleague.【答案】B【原文】M:Howdidyoursisterdoyesterday?W:Well,herteamwonthematch,butIdidn’tgettoseeit!Ihadjustgottothesoccerfieldwhenmybosscalled.Oneofmycolleaguescalledinsickwiththeflu.Soheaskedmetocomeinandwork.2．（2023春·河南洛陽·高三洛寧縣第一高級中學(xué)校聯(lián)考開學(xué)考試）Whoisthemanprobablytalkingto?A．Hisboss. B．Hisassistant. C．Hiscustomer.【答案】A【原文】W:Canyouhavethatreportdonebytheendoftheday?Ineedtosenditontoourcustomers.M:Yes,I’malmostdone.I’llgiveittoyouassoonaspossible.3．（2023·河南新鄉(xiāng)·統(tǒng)考三模）Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A．Onabus. B．Inalibrary. C．Inashop.【答案】A【原文】M:Isn’tthisyourusualstop?W:Yes,buttodayI’mgoingtothelibrary.M:Oh,thenyoushouldgetoffatthenextstopandwalktoCliftonStreet.4．（2023·河南新鄉(xiāng)·統(tǒng)考三模）Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisdrivingtowork?A．Hefeelsthatit’snotbad.B．Thedistanceisalittlelong.C．Ittakeshimtoomuchtime.【答案】A【原文】W:Doyouliveveryfarfromyouroffice?M:Well,thedistanceisabout20miles.Butitdoesn’tseemthatfartodrivetowork.Theroadisgoodandthere’snotmuchtraffic.5．（2023·河南新鄉(xiāng)·統(tǒng)考三模）Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Ashoppinglist. B．Preparationsforapicnic. C．Children’sclothes.【答案】B【原文】M:Julia,iseverythingreadyforthechildren’spicnictoday?W:Yes,Charlie.Pattyhaspreparedfortransportation.I’vegotthepicnicbasketsreadyandJohnhaspreparedallthechildren’sclothes.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話或獨白后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你將時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的做答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。（2023·江西·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whatwillthemanbuy?A．Trousers. B．T-shirts. C．Shoes.7．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Neighbors. B．Classmates. C．Shopassistantandcustomer.【答案】6．A7．B【原文】W:Look.Ireneisdressedinhernowdress.Isn’titpretty?M:Yeah.Accordingtothenewschoolrules,wecandressaswewishonTuesdayandWednesday.W:I’mgoingtogetmyselfnewshoesafterschool.Wouldyouliketocomewithme?M:I’dliketo,butI’vealreadyhadanappointmentwithCraigfordinnertonight.Hey,whydon’tyoujoinus?Afterthemeal,wecangoshopping.I’msureCraigneedssomeT-shirts,too.SinceI’vegotabitfat,I’dliketogetafewpairsofnewpants.W:Great!Classstartsintenminutes.Let’shurryup.（2023·江西南昌·統(tǒng)考一模）聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8．Whatdoesthemanthinkofashortsleepatnoonatfirst?A．Unnecessary. B．Inconvenient. C．Impossible.9．Howdoesthemanusuallyfeelintheafternoon?A．Energetic. B．Spiritless. C．Relaxed.【答案】8．A9．B【原文】M:Whatagreatlunch!I’mtotallyfull.W:Metoo.IthinkI’mgoingtotakeashortsleep.M:Ashortsleep?Whatareyou,ababy?W:Ialwayssleepafterlunch.It’sgoodforme!M:Don’tyougetenoughsleepatnight?W:Ido,butashortsleepatnoonisdifferent.Itgivesmeenergyandimprovesmymood.M:MaybeIshouldtryittoo.MyenergyisalwayssolowandIusuallyhaveabadmoodintheafternoon.HowlongshouldIsleepfor?W:Setyouralarmfor20minutesorso.Youwon’tregretit!（2023·青海西寧·統(tǒng)考二模）聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A．TravelalongtheSilkRoad.B．OrganizetripsalongtheSilkRoad.C．ReadmorebooksabouttheSilkRoad.11．WhatdoesthemansayabouttheweatherinIran?A．It’sdry. B．It’shot. C．It’swet.12．WhatdoesthewomanprobablylikeaboutIndia?A．Itshistory. B．Itsclimate. C．Itsart.【答案】10．A11．B12．C【原文】W:IamattractedbytheancientSilkRoad.Ihavereadlotsofbooksaboutit.M:Yes,it’saninterestingsubject.ChinahadaconnectiontotheWestallthoseyearsago.W:Theyshouldmakeitintoatouristroute-organizetripsalongthewholelength.Iwouldbookaticket.M:ButitgoesthroughdifferentcountriesbesidesChina,India,Afghanistan,Iran,placeslikethat.W:Oh,IwouldlovetovisitIran.M:Itisveryhotthere,apparently.Butsomeofthebuildingslooksplendid.W:Theartisamazing.ItisinIndiaaswell.M:TherewereafewSilkRoadroutesbuttheywouldallbeinterestingtosee.（2023·青海西寧·統(tǒng)考二模）聽第8段材料，回答第13至16題。13．Whatdoesthewomanusetomakethesoup?A．Freshtomatoes. B．Cannedtomatoes. C．Roasttomatoes.14．Whotaughtthewomantomakethesoup?A．Heraunt. B．Herfriend. C．Hermother.15．Whydoesthewomanreplacecreamwithmilk?A．Itismuchcheaper.B．Itmakesthesouptastebetter.C．Itisrecommendedbyafriend.16．Howlongwasthesoupboiled?A．Forabout5minutes. B．Forabout10minutes. C．Forabout30minutes.【答案】13．B14．C15．A16．B【原文】M:Thissoupisamazing,Jenny.Doyouusefreshtomatoestomakeit?W:No,Stephen.Ijustuseacanoftomatoes.Somepeoplethinkroasttomatoesarebest,butthat’stoomuchhardworkforme.M:Whotaughtyoutomakeit?W:Myaunt’sfriendgavetheinstructionstomymother,whochangedthemabit,andthentaughtme.M:It’snottoothin,isit?W:That’sbecauseIdon’tusemuchwater.Atfirst,Iusedfourcups,thenthree,butIthinktwoisbestreally.M:So,whatelseisinit?W:Somebutter,anonion,thetomatoes,saltandpepper,andtomakeitreallynice,acupofmilk.It’smuchcheaperthancream,youknow.M:Mmm.Howlongdoesittaketomake?W:Nolongerthantwentyminutes.Youfrytheonionforfiveminutes,andeverythingelse,thenboilforaboutten.（2023·全國·統(tǒng)考高考真題）聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。17．WherewasOpenTchaikovskyCompetitionheldin1986?A．InMoscow. B．InChelyabinsk. C．InBerlin.18．WhatdoesMaximsayaboutthecompetitionheattendedat10?A．Itinspiredmanyyoungmusicians.B．Itwasthemusiceventofhisdreams.C．Itwasalife-changingexperience.19．Whichkindofmusicaretheyoungplayersrequiredtoplay?A．Rockmusic. B．Popmusic. C．Classicalmusic.20．WhatdoesMaximvaluemostinyoungplayers’performance?A．Expressiveness. B．Smoothness. C．Completeness.【答案】17．A18．C19．C20．A【原文】M:Hello,I’mMaximVengarov,andI’mveryhappytosharewithyoumyconnectionwithopenTchaikovskyCompetition.ItwasJune1986whenIcametoMoscowtoparticipateinopenTchaikovskyCompetitionattheageof10fromChelyabinsk.Thiswasactuallytheturningpointofmylife.ThenIattendedaworldmusicfestivalinBerlin.Anditwasinterestingtosaythatakidmadehisbreakthroughalreadyattheageof10.Andthatwasme.Nowasajudgeofthecompetition,Icanseeclearlythehugechallengesfacingthemusiciansinthecompetition.Whereelsecanyouseeyoungplayersplayingwithintendays—classicalworksandRussiantraditionalmusicbeforecomingtothefinalstage?Asamusician,it’simportanttogivemaximumattentionandtimetoyourownreflectionsofyourownfeelings.So,whatI’mreallylookingforinthecompetitionistomeetsomeonewhocantouchmemusically.Iwanttoseetheseed,atleasttheseedofthegreattreethatcangrow.Iwouldgoforthisviolinist.Iwouldgoforthismusician.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。A（2023··江西師大附中?？既＃〢rtworkContest-CreateaCharacter!Areyouanartist?Doyoulovetestingyourcreativeabilities?Thismaybetheperfectcontestforyou!Forthiscontest,wewantyoutocreateyourowncharacter.Youmustcreateabackstoryforthecharacterandgiveitanamemakesuretoleavetheseintheauthor’snotessectionofyoursubmission!Yourcharactermustbecompletelyoriginal.Anycharacterthatisnotcreatedfromyourownideaandworkwillnotbeconsideredforthecontest.Rules:·Youmustbeateen(aged13-19)withaTeenInkaccounttoenter.·Noinappropriatecontent.·Submissionsmustrelatetothetopic(CreateaCharacter).GuidelinesandDetails:·Allartmediumsareaccepted.·Thereisnolimittothenumberofpiecesyoucansubmit.·Giveyourcharacteranameandbackstory.Leavetheseinthe“Author’sComments”sectionofyoursubmission.HowtoSubmit:·Submitentriesthroughourwebsite.AllentriessubmittedtoTeenInkareautomaticallyconsideredforthecontest.Seeoursubmissionguidelinesformoreinformation.·Includethewords“CharacterContest“inyoursubmission’stitle.·Submityourreviewstothe“Artwork”categoryonoursite.Selectthearttypethatisrelevanttowhatyouaresubmitting.Prizes:·Honorablementionswillhavetheircharacterspublishedinourmagazine.·Theoverallwinnerwillreceivea$200Amazongiftcard.21．Whatistherequirementforyoursubmission?A．Itmustbeoriginalwork. B．Itmustbeaboutyourownlife.C．Itmustincludeastoryofyourself. D．Itmustincludeseveralcharacters.22．Whichofthefollowingistherealimittoforyoursubmission?A．Theformofart. B．Theageofaparticipant.C．Thenumberofpiecessubmitted. D．Thenamegiventoyourcharacter.23．WhatdoweknowaboutTeenInk?A．It’samagazine. B．It’sanartclub.C．It’sanartschool. D．It’sastudentorganization.【答案】21．A22．B23．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹一場藝術(shù)作品比賽的具體情況和要求。21．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Yourcharactermustbecompletelyoriginal.(你的角色必須是完全原創(chuàng)的。)”可知，比賽要求作品創(chuàng)作的角色必須是完全原創(chuàng)的。故選A。22．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Rules部分“Youmustbeateen(aged13—l9)withaTeenInkaccounttoenter.(您必須是擁有青少年墨跡帳戶的青少年（13-19歲）才能進入。)”可知，要求參賽者的年齡是13-19歲的青少年。故選B。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)HowtoSubmit部分“AllentriessubmittedtoTeenInkareautomaticallyconsideredforthecontest.(所有提交給青少年墨跡的參賽作品都會自動被考慮參加比賽。)”和Prizes部分“Honorablementionswillhavetheircharacterspublishedinourmagazine.(榮譽人物將在我們的雜志上發(fā)表。)”可知，青少年墨跡是一家雜志社。故選A。B（2023·江西南昌·統(tǒng)考二模）There’sthisideathatthebeststoriesaresomewhereelse,butactuallywe’vegotgreatstoriesonourdoorsteps.IwasborninBirminghamandgrewupdoingsport.At16,whenIwasplayingfootball,IinjuredmykneesobadlythatIhadtogiveupanysportingambitions.However,Iturnedtophotographyasawayformetocontinueexploringmypassionforsport.Takingphotosalsoallowedmetoconnectwithpeople,soundtheirvoicesandchallengesocialnorms(規(guī)范).WhenIwasgrowingup,Ihardlysawanyphotographsofordinarygirlsplayingsport.TheonlyimagesIseeofsportswomeninthemainstreammediaareofexcellentathletes.Tofillthegap,I’mtryingtodomyownartprojectPeople,PlaceandSport.Sincemostpeoplearen’tusedtobeinginthespotlight,Iwillopenwiththesamequestion:“Whatdoesthissportmeantoyou?”ThenItrytoinvolvethesubjectsIphotographbydoinginterviewswiththemandaskinghowtheywouldliketosharetheirstorieswithsports.Whenpeoplerespondpositivelyandstarttorelax,Ibegintoshootthemonfilm.OneofmybestprojectphotosisofMavAkramboxing.MavisanAfricanwomanboxerandrunsaWomen’sBoxingClubinBirmingham.Sheisalsopassionateaboutgettingwomenintoboxing,notjustforthephysicalelements,butalsomentalhealth.BecauseMavthinksboxingisnotonlyastrategicsportofnotgettinghit,butalsocanofferasenseofcommunity.Thisphototrulyencourageswomenofallshapesandsizestoparticipateinthesport.24．Whatistheauthor?A．Anathlete. B．Aphotographer. C．Acoach. D．Areporter.25．Howdoestheauthorbondwithhersubjects?A．Bytakingtheirphotosrightaway. B．ByshowingthemapictureofMav.C．Bygettingtoknowtheirownstories. D．Byopeningupwithvariousquestions.26．WhatdoesMavthinkofboxing?A．Itismerelysuitableformen. B．Itsharpensherbodyandmind.C．Itteacheshertoavoidgettinghit. D．Ithelpsherfightagainstsocialnorms.27．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Anartproject. B．Apassionforsport.C．Animpressivephoto. D．Alastingfriendship.【答案】24．B25．C26．B27．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者做了一個藝術(shù)項目《人、地點和運動》，通過拍攝身邊普通的做運動的女孩來填補很少看到普通女孩運動的照片這一空白的故事。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“However,Iturnedtophotographyasawayformetocontinueexploringmypassionforsport.Takingphotosalsoallowedmetoconnectwithpeople,soundtheirvoicesandchallengesocialnorms(規(guī)范).”（然而，我轉(zhuǎn)向了攝影，以此來繼續(xù)探索我對體育的熱情。拍照也讓我能夠與人們建立聯(lián)系，發(fā)出他們的聲音，挑戰(zhàn)社會規(guī)范。）可知，作者是一名攝影師。故選B項。25．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ThenItrytoinvolvethesubjectsIphotographbydoinginterviewswiththemandaskinghowtheywouldliketosharetheirstorieswithsports.”（然后，我試著讓我拍攝的對象參與進來，采訪他們，問他們想如何分享他們的體育故事。）可知，作者通過了解他們自己的故事與她的主題建立了聯(lián)系。故選C項。26．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Sheisalsopassionateaboutgettingwomenintoboxing,notjustforthephysicalelements,butalsomentalhealth.”（她還熱衷于讓女性參與拳擊運動，不僅是為了身體因素，還為了心理健康。）可知，Mav認為拳擊讓她的身心得到鍛煉。故選B項。27．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Tofillthegap,I’mtryingtodomyownartprojectPeople,PlaceandSport.”（為了填補這一空白，我正在嘗試做我自己的藝術(shù)項目《人、地點和運動》。）可知，文章主要講的是一個藝術(shù)項目。故選A項。C（2023·河南鄭州·高三模擬）Facingthegrowingdigitaleconomyandnewpositionsincubated(孵化)inthesectorsuchasdeliverymenandlive-streaminghosts,youngpeople,especiallythosebornafter2000,areexpressingastrongerwillingnessforflexibleworkrelationswithcompanies,andalsowishtobecome“digitalworkers”withflexibleworklocationsandschedules.AreportfromPekingUniversity’sNationalSchoolofDevelopmentreleasedonWednesdaysaidthatnearly66percentofsurveyedemployeesbornafter2000prefertoworkfromhome.Thenumberishigherthansurveyedpeoplebornafter1970,withabout54.4percentofthempreferringthenewway.“TheInternetcandoanythingforme.IcheckemailsfrommyclientsandsubmitmyproposalsthroughWeChat,thenwediscussplansviateleconference.Iloveworkingfromhomeactually,”saidMiLu,a28-year-oldnewmediaoperatorinBeijing.“It’samuchmoreconvenientandcoolerthing.Weworkeverywhere,perhapsinacafe,oronabullettrainorevenonthetableofarestaurant.”HuJiayin,anassociateprofessorinPekingUniversity’sNationalSchoolofDevelopment,concludedthattheirsurveyshowsthatyoungpeopledesirefreedomintheirjobs,butalsowishforstabilityintheircareersbecauseofuncertaintiesbroughtbythefast-changingdigitaleconomy.“Butthedevelopmentofthedigitaleconomyalsobringsgreatuncertaintiesandasenseofinsecuritytotheworkingpopulation,sowe’vefoundsomeinterestingthingsduringoursurveysthatover30percentofjobseekerswe’vesurveyedwishtohaveastablejobatstate-ownedcompanies,”sheadded.LiQiang,vice-presidentofZhaopin,saidthatthegreatestrisktothoseseekingflexibleworkiswhetherthecompanypaysthesalaryfullyandontime.“It’snecessaryforjobseekerstosetupalong-termdevelopmentplan,ratherthanbeshortsighted.”Headdedthatcompaniesmaybearrisksthatflexibleemployeescan’tdeliverhigh-qualityworkinalimitedtimeperiod,whichrequiresthecompaniestoestablishasoundworkdeliverystandardtohelpevaluateemployeeperformance.28．Whatattractstheyoungpeopletobecome“digitalworkers”?A．Theincreasingnetworksecurity. B．Theconvenienttransportation.C．Theflexibleworkingstyle. D．Thebrightprospects.29．WhatdoweknowaboutHuJiayin’sconclusion?A．Digitaleconomyisinterestingandpromising.B．Youngpeoplepaylittleattentiontoinstabilityinworking.C．30%ofsurveyedjobseekersdesiretoworkingovernmentagencies.D．Thedevelopmentofdigitaleconomyisadouble-edgedswordforjobseekers.30．WhatdoesLiQiangmeaninthelastparagraph?A．Jobseekerslackambitions. B．Employersareshortsighted.C．Somecompaniesrequireworkingovertime. D．Flexibleworkconditionsneedsimproving.31．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothetopicofthetext?A．Favorable. B．Objective. C．Ambiguous. D．Disapproving.【答案】28．C29．D30．D31．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹年輕人，尤其是00后喜歡彈性工作制。但彈性工作制也有需改進的地方。28．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“andalsowishtobecome“digitalworkers”withflexibleworklocationsandschedules.(并希望成為具有靈活工作地點和時間表的“數(shù)字工作者”。)”可知，年輕人更喜歡工作方式靈活的“數(shù)字工人”的職業(yè)，即：靈活的工作方式吸引年輕人成為“數(shù)字工作者”，故選C。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“HuJiayin,anassociateprofessorinPekingUniversity’sNationalSchoolofDevelopment,concludedthattheirsurveyshowsthatyoungpeopledesirefreedomintheirjobs,butalsowishforstabilityintheircareersbecauseofuncertaintiesbroughtbythefast-changingdigitaleconomy.(北京大學(xué)國家發(fā)展學(xué)院副教授胡家印總結(jié)道，他們的調(diào)查顯示，由于快速變化的數(shù)字經(jīng)濟帶來的不確定性，年輕人希望工作自由，但也希望職業(yè)穩(wěn)定。)”和第五段““Butthedevelopmentofthedigitaleconomyalsobringsgreatuncertaintiesandasenseofinsecuritytotheworkingpopulation,sowe’vefoundsomeinterestingthingsduringoursurveysthatover30percentofjobseekerswe’vesurveyedwishtohaveastablejobatstate-ownedcompanies,”sheadded.(她補充道：“但數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展也給勞動人口帶來了巨大的不確定性和不安全感，因此我們在調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些有趣的事情，即我們調(diào)查的30%以上的求職者希望在國有企業(yè)找到一份穩(wěn)定的工作。”)”可知，數(shù)字經(jīng)濟帶給求職者自由和靈活的同時，也帶來了不確定性和不安全感。即：數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展對求職者來說是一把雙刃劍。故選D。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“LiQiang,vice-presidentofZhaopin,saidthatthegreatestrisktothoseseekingflexibleworkiswhetherthecompanypaysthesalaryfullyandontime.“It’snecessaryforjobseekerstosetupalong-termdevelopmentplan,ratherthanbeshortsighted.”Headdedthatcompaniesmaybearrisksthatflexibleemployeescan’tdeliverhigh-qualityworkinalimitedtimeperiod,whichrequiresthecompaniestoestablishasoundworkdeliverystandardtohelpevaluateemployeeperformance.(智聯(lián)招聘副總裁李強表示，對于那些尋求彈性工作的人來說，最大的風(fēng)險是公司是否按時足額支付工資?！扒舐氄哂斜匾贫ㄩL期發(fā)展計劃，而不是目光短淺?！彼a充道，公司可能會承擔(dān)靈活員工無法在有限的時間內(nèi)提供高質(zhì)量工作的風(fēng)險，這要求公司建立健全的工作交付標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以幫助評估員工表現(xiàn)。)”可知，李強的意思是彈性工作制需要進一步完善。故選D。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““TheInternetcandoanythingforme.IcheckemailsfrommyclientsandsubmitmyproposalsthroughWeChat,thenwediscussplansviateleconference.Iloveworkingfromhomeactually,”saidMiLu,a28-year-oldnewmediaoperatorinBeijing.“It’samuchmoreconvenientandcoolerthing.Weworkeverywhere,perhapsinacafe,oronabullettrainorevenonthetableofarestaurant.”(“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以為我做任何事情。我查看客戶的電子郵件，通過微信提交建議，然后我們通過電話會議討論計劃。實際上，我喜歡在家工作，”北京28歲的新媒體運營商米璐說?！斑@是一件更方便、更酷的事情。我們到處工作，也許在咖啡館，也許在子彈頭列車上，甚至在餐館的桌子上?！?”和第五段““Butthedevelopmentofthedigitaleconomyalsobringsgreatuncertaintiesandasenseofinsecuritytotheworkingpopulation,sowe’vefoundsomeinterestingthingsduringoursurveysthatover30percentofjobseekerswe’vesurveyedwishtohaveastablejobatstate-ownedcompanies,”sheadded.(她補充道：“但數(shù)字經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展也給勞動人口帶來了巨大的不確定性和不安全感，因此我們在調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些有趣的事情，即我們調(diào)查的30%以上的求職者希望在國有企業(yè)找到一份穩(wěn)定的工作?！?”可知，這里提到年輕人喜歡彈性工作制，但也提及彈性工作制的缺陷及需改進的地方。由此推斷，作者對彈性工作制持客觀態(tài)度。故選B。D（2023·江蘇南京高三·模擬）AnewstudyreleasedinthejournalPlantandCellPhysiologysuggeststhatethanol—oralcohol—canhelpplantssurviveintimesofdrought,evenforaslongastwoweekswithoutwater.Tocomeupwiththeirfinding,theresearchersgrewwheatandriceplants,regularlywateringthem,andthenaddedethanoltothesoilinonegroupofplantsoverthreedays.Theythenkeptbothgroupsdeprivedof(中斷)waterfortwoweeksandfoundthatdrunkplantsgrewbetterthanuntreatedones.Around75%ofthedrunkwheatandriceplantssurvivedafterrewatering,whilelessthan5%oftheuntreatedplantsdid.Thestudyalsolookedathowethanolprotectedaplant.Usingarabidopsis,asmallplantcommonlyusedinexperiments,theresearchersdiscoveredthatwhenethanol-treatedspecimens(樣品)weredeprivedofwater,tinyopeningsontheleaves’surfacecloseduptopreservewaterandheat.Theteamstudiedarabidopsis’gene(基因)expressionandfoundthattheethanol-treatedplantsstartedbehavingiftheywereexperiencingdrought,evenbeforetheywereactuallydeprivedofwater.Thisgeneexpressiongavetheplantsanadvantageinpreparingforadrought.Theresearcherssaid,“Thefindingisnotjustusefulfortheworld’sgardens,butalsoforfarmsgrowingvitalcropslikericeandwheat.Drought-resistantcropscouldhelpachievesustainablefoodsecurity,whichisanissueaffectingmanypartsoftheworldrightnow.”Theyaddedthatethanolwasausefulandsimplewaytoincreasefoodproductionallovertheworldintimesofdrought.“Theapplicationofethanoltoplantswouldbeapotentagriculturalmethodtoenhancedroughtresistanceinvariousplants,”saidMotoakiSeki,thestudy’sleadauthor.But,hewarnedthattheethanolneededtobeusedreasonablyashigherconcentrationofethanolpreventedplantsgrowing.Sekiadded,“Wewillsoonbegintestingethanolonplantsinrealfields.”32．Whatdidtheresearchersfindintheirstudy?A．Plantsproduceethanolintimesofdrought. B．Drunkplantscouldlivelongerwithoutwater.C．Thereisnoneedtowaterhouseplantseveryday. D．Itrequiresmorewatertogrowwheatinthefield.33．Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthefinding?A．Itwillcutthecostoffoodproduction. B．Itwillbringaboutthechangeofdiet.C．Itwillhelpmaintainglobalfoodsecurity. D．Itwillgenerateincreasesinfoodprice.34．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“potent”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Difficult. B．Effective. C．Similar. D．Primary.35．WhatdoesSekiwanttostressaboutethanolinthetext?A．Itwouldfitallkindsofplants. B．Ithasbeenappliedtorealfields.C．Itshouldbeusedinproperamount. D．Itenableswheatplantstogrowfast.【答案】32．B33．C34．B35．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。最新研究表明，在土壤中加入乙醇（酒精）可以幫助植物在干旱時期存活更長時間。32．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“AnewstudyreleasedinthejournalPlantandCellPhysiologysuggeststhatethanol—oralcohol—canhelpplantssurviveintimesofdrought,evenforaslongastwoweekswithoutwater.(發(fā)表在《植物與細胞生理學(xué)》雜志上的一項新研究表明，乙醇（酒精）可以幫助植物在干旱時期存活下來，甚至可以在沒有水的情況下存活長達兩周)”及第二段“Tocomeupwiththeirfinding,theresearchersgrewwheatandriceplants,regularlywateringthem,andthenaddedethanoltothesoilinonegroupofplantsoverthreedays.Theythenkeptbothgroupsdeprivedof(中斷)waterfortwoweeksandfoundthatdrunkplantsgrewbetterthanuntreatedones.(為了得出他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，研究人員種植了小麥和水稻，定期澆水，然后在一組植物的土壤中添加乙醇三天。然后，他們讓兩組植物都不喝水兩周，發(fā)現(xiàn)喝了乙醇的植物比沒有喝的植物長得更好)”可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)乙醇(（酒精）可以幫助植物在缺水條件下存活更長時間。故選B。33．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段““Drought-resistantcropscouldhelpachievesustainablefoodsecurity,whichisanissueaffectingmanypartsoftheworldrightnow.”Theyaddedthatethanolwasausefulandsimplewaytoincreasefoodproductionallovertheworldintimesofdrought.(“抗旱作物有助于實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)糧食安全，這是目前影響世界許多地區(qū)的一個問題。”他們補充說，在干旱時期，乙醇是增加世界各地糧食產(chǎn)量的一種有用而簡單的方法)”可知，研究人員希望他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以在干旱時期提高全世界的糧食產(chǎn)量，從而有助于維護全球糧食安全。故選C。34．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Theyaddedthatethanolwasausefulandsimplewaytoincreasefoodproductionallovertheworldintimesofdrought.(他們補充說，在干旱時期，乙醇是增加世界各地糧食產(chǎn)量的一種有用而簡單的方法)”以及后文“agriculturalmethodtoenhancedroughtresistanceinvariousplants”可推斷，他們補充說，在干旱時期，乙醇是增加世界各地糧食產(chǎn)量的一種有用而簡單的方法，所以將乙醇應(yīng)用于植物將是一種有效的農(nóng)業(yè)方法，可以增強各種植物的抗旱性。故畫線詞意思是“有效的”。故選B。35．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“But,hewarnedthattheethanolneededtobeusedreasonablyashigherconcentrationofethanolpreventedplantsgrowing.(但是，他警告說，乙醇需要合理使用，因為高濃度的乙醇會阻礙植物生長)”可推斷，Seki想強調(diào)的是在土壤中加入乙醇應(yīng)當(dāng)適量。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（2023·全國·統(tǒng)考高考真題）Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch,butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.36,butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.What’smore,indoorplantsareeasytolookafterandarenotveryexpensive.Whatareindoorplants?Indoorplants,alsoknownashouseplantsorpotplants,areplantsthatliketogrowindoors.Manyofthesespecies(物種)arenotideallysuitedtogrowingoutsideintheUK,especiallyinthewinter.37.Whyareindoorplantsgoodforyou?WillSpoelstra,whoworksattheRoyalBotanicGardens,says,“38.Ifindduringthewintermonths,plantsaroundthehousecanreallyliftyourmood.”Severalstudieshavebackedthisupandfoundthatindoorplantscanimprovecreativity,focusandmemory.Thereisalsoresearchshowingthatpotplantscancleantheairaroundthembyremovingharmfulgases,suchascarbondioxide.Theyalsoremovesomeharmfulchemicalsfrompaintsorcooking.39.Whichplantscanyougrow?Aloevera,peaceliliesandspiderplantsaresomeofthespeciesthatareeasytogrowindoors.Youcanbuyplantsfromsupermarkets,gardencentresoronline.Youngerplantsareoftencheaperthanfullygrownones,andyougettocareforthemastheymature—whichispartofthejoyofowningplants.“40,”Spoelstrasays.“Itcanbringanewinterestandfocusintopeople’slivesandhelptomakethelinkbetweenhomeandnature.”A．AllplantsaredifferentB．NotonlydotheylookbeautifulC．TherearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoorsD．Instead,theygrowbetterinside,whereitiswarmerE．Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevil’sivyareamongthebestF．ChangingthepotofyourplantfromtimetotimewillalsohelpG．Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding【答案】36．B37．D38．C39．E40．G【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了什么是室內(nèi)植物、室內(nèi)植物帶來的好處及你能種植哪些室內(nèi)植物。36．根據(jù)下文“butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.(而且研究表明，它們可以通過改善情緒、減輕壓力和幫助增強記憶力來促進人們的健康)”可知，此處與下文是遞進關(guān)系，構(gòu)成notonly…but“不僅……而且……”結(jié)構(gòu)。由此可知，B.Notonlydotheylookbeautiful(它們不僅看起來很漂亮)能夠銜接下文，符合語境。故選B。37．根據(jù)上文“Manyofthesespecies(物種)arenotideallysuitedtogrowingoutsideintheUK,especiallyinthewinter.(這些品種中的許多都不適合在英國戶外生長，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不適合在戶外寒冷的環(huán)境中生長，即適合在溫暖的地方生長。由此可知，D.Instead,theygrowbetterinside,whereitiswarmer(相反，它們在溫暖的室內(nèi)生長得更好)能夠承接上文，符合語境。故選D。38．根據(jù)下文“Ifindduringthewintermonths,plantsaroundthehousecanreallyliftyourmood.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)在冬天的幾個月里，房子周圍的植物真的能提升你的情緒)”可知，室內(nèi)植物對人有好處。由此可知，C.Therearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoors(在室內(nèi)種植植物有很多好處)能夠銜接下文，符合語境。故選C。39．根據(jù)上文“Thereisalsoresearchshowingthatpotplantscancleantheairaroundthembyremovingharmfulgases,suchascarbondioxide.Theyalsoremovesomeharmfulchemicalsfrompaintsorcooking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通過去除二氧化碳等有害氣體來凈化周圍的空氣。它們還能去除油漆或烹飪中的一些有害化學(xué)物質(zhì))”可知，盆栽植物能夠清除有害物質(zhì)。由此可知，E.Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevil’stongueareamongthebest(像和平百合和魔芋之類的植物是最好的)能夠承接上文，列舉了在這方面做的最好的植物，符合語境。故選E。40．根據(jù)上文“Youngerplantsareoftencheaperthanfullygrownones,andyougettocareforthemastheymature-whichispartofthejoyofowningplants.(年輕的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它們成熟時照顧它們——這是擁有植物的樂趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G.Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding(了解每種植物的需求是非常有益的)能夠承接上文，同時引起下文，下文“Itcanbringanewinterestandfocusintopeople’slivesandhelptomakethelinkbetweenhomeandnature.”(它可以為人們的生活帶來新的興趣和焦點，并有助于建立家庭與自然之間的聯(lián)系。)”具體