10選擇性必修四Unit1語法語法被動語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)

10選擇性必修四Unit1語法：語法精講精練被動語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)一、被動語態(tài)語法圖解I.被動語態(tài)常用于以下兩種情況：1.不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者。RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.中國南方種植水稻。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者。Thetreewasbrokenbythatboy.這棵樹是那個男孩弄斷的。II.將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)應(yīng)注意的四種情況1.含雙賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，有兩種方法：(1)間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語不變；(2)直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語用介詞to或for引導(dǎo)。Hetoldusastory.他給我們講故事?！鶺eweretoldastorybyhim.我們聽(他講)故事?！鶤storywastoldtousbyhim.故事由他給我們講。2.動詞短語視為一個整體，其后的介詞或副詞不能省略。Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.她將會好好照顧孩子們?！鶷hechildrenwillbetakengoodcareofbyher.孩子們將由她來好好照顧。3.復(fù)合句通常將賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，而賓語補(bǔ)足語就成為主語補(bǔ)足語。注意：省略to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，不定式符號to必須補(bǔ)上。Someonesawhimswiminthelakeyesterday.昨天有人看見他在湖里游泳?！鶫ewasseentoswiminthelakeyesterday.昨天他被看見在湖里游泳。4.特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動句時要注意詞序：一般用“By＋疑問詞”開頭。Whohasbrokenthecup?誰打碎了杯子？→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken?杯子被誰打碎了？【即學(xué)即練1】完成句子①M(fèi)yEnglishnameisWalter.ItwasgivenbymyEnglishprofessorwhenIwasattheuniversity.我的英文名是沃爾特，是我上大學(xué)時我的英語教授給取的。②Hermoneyhasbeenrunoutofandherpatienceisalsorunningout.她的錢已經(jīng)用完了，她的耐心也要耗盡了。③Iwasmadetocrybythemovingmovie.我被這部感人的電影弄哭了。III.被動語態(tài)和過去分詞作表語的差別1.意義差別：被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；過去分詞作表語描寫人或事物的特征及狀態(tài)。Thewindowisbrokenbyhim.窗子被他打破了。Thewindowisbroken.窗子破了。2.用法差別：過去分詞作表語時接近形容詞的特征，可以被so,very,too等程度副詞修飾；而被動語態(tài)則不能用so,very,too等修飾，需用much,verymuch,somuch,toomuch等修飾。Hewasveryinterestedinscience.他對科學(xué)有極大的興趣。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidn’tknowwhattodo.我被那種場面搞得大吃一驚,不知所措。(被動語態(tài))【即學(xué)即練2】判斷下列句子是被動語態(tài)還是系表結(jié)構(gòu)①Iwaspleasedtohearyou’vebeenpromoted.系表結(jié)構(gòu)②Hewaspleasedbyhisteacher’spraise.被動語態(tài)③Iwasquitesurprisedwiththesignificanceofthefindings.系表結(jié)構(gòu)④Everyonewassurprisedbythespeedwithwhichthedisputewassettled.被動語態(tài)IV.常見主動表被動的情況1.有些動詞(cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等)常用主動形式表被動。Thispenwritessmoothly.這支鋼筆寫起來很流暢。Thiscarsellswell.這車很暢銷。2.在某些形容詞(hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,fortable,convenient,impossible,convenient,cheap,expensive等)后的不定式用主動形式表被動。Englishiseasytolearn.英語很容易學(xué)。Theboxisheavytocarry.這箱子重得搬不動。3.在“半系動詞＋形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turnout等，常用主動形式表被動。Thefoodinthisrestauranttastesgood.這家餐館的飯菜味道很好。Thenewsturnedout(tobe)true.這消息原來是真的。4.need,want,require,deserve,beworth后面接動詞-ing形式時，主動表被動。Thenovelisworthreading.這本小說值得一讀。Theoldhouserequiresrepairing.這所舊房子需要修理。【即學(xué)即練3】單句語法填空①Thiskindofknifecuts(cut)well.②Yourwritingisreallydifficulttoread(read).③Theyareallmasterpiecesworthreading(read).V.有些及物動詞或短語不用于被動語態(tài)如：fit,have,wish,cost,notice,watch,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,belongto,datefrom/backto等。Doyouagreewiththedeal?你同意這個交易嗎？Itistruethatwemaysufferfromfailurefromtimetotime.However,itisimportantthatweneverlosetheenthusiasmtokeepontrying.的確，我們有時會遭受失敗。然而，重要的是我們永遠(yuǎn)不要失去繼續(xù)努力的熱情?！炯磳W(xué)即練4】完成句子①Dadtoldmethatitbelongedtome.爸爸告訴我那是我的。②Thetraditionofdrinkingteadatesbackto/from3000BCEinChina.在中國，喝茶的傳統(tǒng)能追溯到公元前3000年。二、單句語法填空：1.Thelittlehome__________(paint)white.Itwassweetandfresh.2.Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson’sweightinkgbytheirheightinmetressquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25__________(consider)healthy.3.Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshould__________(place)onlongevity(長壽).4.Theartistwassurehewould__________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.5.Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we__________(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars.6.It__________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeenpletelyrestored(修復(fù)).7.Itdoesn’timpresslikeGeorgeWashington’splantationonthePotomac,butLincoln’shomeindowntownSpringfield,Illinois,__________(prove)irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.8.Manyaway__________(use)topreventthepollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.9.Theyarenovels,playsandpoemsthat__________(write)alongtimeagoandweresowellwrittenthatpeoplestillreadthemnowadays.10.Ihavebeeninformedthattheexhibition__________(hold)nextweek.11.Theyaregoing__________(send)toworkinTibetfortwoyears.12.—Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou__________(offer)thisjob?—Well,I’mthinkingaboutthesalary.13.Thoughwedon’tknowwhatisbeingdiscussed,yetwecanfeelthetopic__________(change).14.Muchprogress__________(make)inChinawiththehelpofthepeople’shardwork.15.Nowadays,morenewtechnologies__________(apply)inthefieldofIT.16.Theshopassistantwasdismissedasshe__________(accuse)ofcheatingcustomers.17.Youarenotallowedtogointothemeetingroom.Asecretplan__________(discuss)there.18.Thesurfaceofthistablefeelssosmooth.Ithinkitiswellworth__________(buy).19.Themanagerwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsofthetickets__________(book).20.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodforthestudents,butitremains__________(see)whethertheywillenjoyit.21.Manyastudent__________(send)toplanttreessofar.22.Ifyouarecaughtsmokinginthisarea,you__________(fine)bythepolice.23.Whatwillyoudoifyou__________(bite)bymosquitoesatthisverymoment?24.Inrecentyears,stress__________(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.25.Steamengines__________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.26.Singleuseplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey__________(throw)away.27.Upto30percentoffoodlosswasfoundduringfarmers’storageinsomeareasinAfrica,and21percentoffoodintheUnitedStates__________(waste)duringdailyconsumption,WutoldEconomicDaily.28.WhenIfinallysteppedoutofthetrees,theviewwasbreathtaking.Aneagleflewoverthesnowcappedmountains,which__________(reflect)inthestilllakebelow.29.ThetaoraySpringSummer2020__________(show)forthefirsttimeontheworldstageofNewYorkFashionWeekwheretraditionmetmodernity.30.Humansareexplorerssincethedawnofcivilization.We__________(attract)overthehorizontofindfoodormorespace,orjusttoseewhatbeyondthosetreesormountainsoroceans.31.GabrielaworkedforamultinationalpanyasasuccessfulprojectmanagerinBraziland__________(choose)tomanageateaminSweden.32.Animals__________(kill)fortheirfurandfeathers,especiallyinthepastfewdecadessimplybecausetheywereintheway.33.Someexperts,whoshowdisapprovaloftheproject,arguethattherecouldbedamagetothesealifeandthatthemarineecosystemmay__________(replace)bydryland.34.InthetraditionalChineseLunarYear,eachyear________(give)anameof12kindsofanimals.35.Thecity__________(recognize)asthemusicalcapitalofEuropesincethe16thcentury,hometothelikesofMozartandBeethoven.36.Atpresent,alotofnewequipment__________(develop)bythispanytomeetnewneeds.37.Itisnotthefirsttimethatimmenseamountsofstateofartteachingequipment__________(deliver)tothepovertystrickenregions.38.Zhangjiajie__________(award)thetitleof“WorldGeologicalPark”in2014.39.Shewascaughtdrunkdrivinglastyear,andthereforeshe__________fromdrivingfor5years.(ban)40.Inrecentyears,greateffortstoreduceairpollution__________(make),buttherearestillmanythingswecando.41.“Onwindydays,wehadtoholddownthepaperonthedesk,whichwouldotherwise__________(blow)away,”hesaid.42.TraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)isahealthcaresysteminwhichpatients__________(treat)withnaturalplant,animal,andmineralremedies(藥物).43.Thestudentsworkedhardontheirlessonsandfinallytheirefforts__________(reward)withsuccess.44.Bythe11thcentury,passes__________(use)byChinesetonavigatetheirshipsatsea.45.Whydidyouthrowthebottleoutofthewindow?Somebodycould__________(hurt).46.Weareproudthatsomestudentsofourschool__________(involve)withthemakingoftheamazingvideo.47.Manytalentedwriters__________(honour)atthespecialceremonyheldlastweek.48.It__________(report)thatsomeotherwildanimalsarekeptandstudiedattheresearchcenter.49.Thecarnivalheldinourschoollastweek__________(sponsor)byseveralfamousgraduates.50.WeallfeelitisJackaswellashiswifethatis__________(blame)fortheirson’sbadperformanceatschool.【答案】1.waspainted2.isconsidered3.beplaced4.bechosen5.wereinvited6.wasbuilt7.hasproved/proven8.hasbeenused9.werewritten10.willbeheld11.tobesent12.areoffered13.hasbeenchanged14.isbeingmade15.arebeingapplied16.wasaccused17.isbeingdiscussed18.buying19.hadbeenbooked20.tobeseen21.hasbeensent22.willbefined23.arebeingbitten24.hasbeenregarded25.wereused26.arethrown27.waswasted28.werereflected29.wasshown30.havebeenattracted31.waschosen32.havebeenkilled33.bereplaced34.isgiven35.hasbeenrecognized36.isbeingdeveloped37.havebeendelivered38.wasawarded39.wasbanned40.havebeenmade41.beblown42.aretreated43.wererewarded44.hadbeenused45.havebeenhurt46.areinvolved47.werehonoured48.isreported49.wassponsored50.toblame三、高考真題回顧：1.(2023·全國甲卷)Carsonprovesthatasimplelyricformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill____________(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.2.(2022·全國乙卷)Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,I____________(amaze)bythecoexistenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.3.(2022·全國卷I)TheGPNP____________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems...4.(2021·全國甲卷)It____________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeenpletelyrestored(修復(fù)).5.(2020·全國I卷)Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic____________(call)galleriesorrooms.6.(2019·天津卷)Amy,aswellasherbrothers,____________(give)awarmwelewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.7.(2018·浙江卷)Istillremembervisitingafriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI____________(shock)whenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.8.(2017·全國I)Whenfatandsalt____________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.【答案與解析】1.【解析】考查語態(tài)。句意：卡森證明了一種簡單的抒情形式，已經(jīng)代代相傳，今天仍然可以用來吸引人們對重要真理的關(guān)注。從句主語asimplelyricform與employ之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞can后接動詞原形。故填beemployed。2.【解析】考查語態(tài)。根據(jù)空后的by可知，此處用被動形式。另外從后面的時態(tài)來看，用一般過去時。故填wasamazed。3.【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子可知，空處在句中作謂語，和句子的主語TheGPNP之間為被動關(guān)系；敘述客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。故設(shè)空處應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，主語單數(shù)，謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。故填isdesigned。4.【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。根據(jù)“originally”一詞可知此處描述過去的事情；主語“It”和build之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填wasbuilt。5.【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：博物館向公眾開放的部分稱為畫廊或房間。句子主語是一個表物的復(fù)數(shù)形式，用被動。而且根據(jù)上下文可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在時。故填arecalled。6.【解析】本題考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：艾米和他的兄弟們當(dāng)上周回到村里時，受到了熱烈的歡迎。由時間狀語lastweek可知應(yīng)用一般過去時；aswellas連接并列主語，謂語動詞就前原則，即這句話真正的主語是Amy，故用單數(shù)；由句意可知用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填wasgiven。7.【解析】考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處表示我被震驚了。shock的主語是I，兩者關(guān)系是被動，動作發(fā)生在過去。故填wasshocked。8.【解析】考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知此處用一般現(xiàn)在時，由于主語fatandsalt是復(fù)數(shù)概念，且與remove是被動關(guān)系，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)areremoved。四、語篇語法填空：(1)InmuchofAsia,especiallytheso-called“ricebowl”culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,andVietnam,food1(eat)withchopsticks.Chopsticksareusuallytwolong,thinpiecesofwoodorbamboo.Theycanalsobemadeofplastic,animalboneormetal.Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight2(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.Skilledworkersalsobine(組合)varioushardwoodsandmetal3(create)specialdesigns.TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksfor5,000years.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,4(use)twigs(樹枝)toremoveit.Overtime,5thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich6(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,7livedfromroughly551—479BCE,influencedthe8(develop)ofchopsticks.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand9(be)tooviolenttouseatthetable.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat10theirhands.【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了亞洲一些國家使用的吃飯工具——筷子。1.iseaten考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。用筷子吃食物是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時；food和eat之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)；主語food為不可數(shù)名詞，be動詞用is。故填iseaten。2.bemade考查動詞的語態(tài)。sthbemadeof...意為“某物由……制成”，且本空位于情態(tài)動詞后，be動詞應(yīng)用原形。故填bemade。3.tocreate考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已有謂語動詞bine，此處應(yīng)為非謂語動詞，作目的狀語，應(yīng)用動詞不定式。故填tocreate。4.using考查非謂語動詞。use的邏輯主語是People，二者之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語，表伴隨。故填using。5.as/when考查時間狀語從句。這里是時間狀語從句，as/when意為“當(dāng)……時候”。故填as/when。6.gradually考查副詞?？仗幮揎梽釉~短語turnedinto，在句中作狀語，應(yīng)用副詞。故填gradually。7.who考查定語從句。句中有逗號，說明是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Confucius，指人，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who。故填who。8.development考查名詞。the＋名詞＋of...意為“……的……”，這里指“筷子的發(fā)展”，應(yīng)用名詞。故填development。9.were考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。believed后跟一個賓語從句，and連接兩個并列的謂語，根據(jù)would可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時；主語knives是復(fù)數(shù)，根據(jù)主謂一致的原則可知，此處應(yīng)用were。故填were。10.with考查介詞?！皐ith＋表示具體工具的名詞”，表示“用……”。故填with。(2)COVID-19haskillednearly18,000peopleinItalyandnearly90,000peopleworldwide.1(surprise),the103-year-oldwomanfromItaly,AdaZanusso,hassurvivedCOVID-19.Shelivedthroughthepandemicof19182(kill)50millionpeopleworldwide.“I’mwell;I’mwell,”Zanussosaid.Shespokewiththereportersovervideofromahome3olderpeopleintheNorthernItaliantownofLessonalive.“IwatchTVandreadnewspapers,”sheadded.When4(ask)aboutherfightagainstCOVID-19,Zanussosimplysaid,“Ihadsomefever.”COVID-19cancauseminor(輕微)ormoderate(中度)5(sick).Mostofthosewhoareinfectedrecover.ButthosewithexistinghealthproblemsandolderpeoplelikeZanussoare6higherriskofmoreseriousillnessorevendeath.CarlaFurnoMarchese7(be)Zanusso’sfamilydoctorfor35years.ShesaidZanussowassickforoneweek.“Wethoughtshewasn’tgoingtomakeitbecauseshewasalways8(sleep)andnotreacting,”FurnoMarchesesaid.“Onedaysheopenedhereyesagainand9(continue)doingwhatsheusedtodobefore,”thedoctoradded.Whathelpedhergetthrough10illness?“Courage,strengthandfaith,”Zanussosaid.【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了103歲的意大利老人新冠康復(fù)。1.Surprisingly考查副詞。此處修飾整個句子，應(yīng)用副詞，表示“令人驚訝地是”；位于句首，單詞首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填Surprisingly。2.killing考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，kill在此處應(yīng)為非謂語動詞，作后置定語，修飾thepandemicof1918，兩者之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填killing。3.where考查定語從句。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為ahome，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where。故填where。4.asked考查非謂語動詞。此處是時間狀語從句，當(dāng)從句的主語與主句主語一致，且從句的謂語中含有be動詞時，可以省略從句的主語和be動詞。補(bǔ)充完整為：When(shewas)askedabouther...。故填asked。5.sickness考查名詞。此處作動詞cause的賓語，被形容詞minor和moderate修飾，應(yīng)用名詞。故填sickness。6.at考查介詞。atrisk意為“在風(fēng)險中”，為固定短語。故填at。7.hasbeen考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句中的時間狀語for35years可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時；主語CarlaFurnoMarchese為第三人稱單數(shù)，助動詞應(yīng)用has。故填hasbeen。8.sleepy考查形容詞。此處作從句的表語，應(yīng)用形容詞。故填sleepy。9.continued考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的并列連詞and和謂語opened可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時。故填continued。10.the考查冠詞。此處illness特指上文提到的COVID-19，應(yīng)用定冠詞。故填the。(3)Thewinnersofthe2023HugoAwards,theworld’stopprizesforsciencefictionliterature,1(announce)onSaturdaynight,withChineseauthorHaiYa2(take)hometheBestNoveletteawardfor“TheSpaceTimePainter.”HebecamethethirdChinesewritertowinaHugoaward3LiuCixinin2015andHaoJingfangin2016.HaiYafoundmuch4(inspire)fromapaintingmasterpiece,QianliJiangshanTu,orAPanoramaofRiversandMountains,byWangXimengfromtheSongDynasty(9601279).HaiYahaswoventhestoryofWang’slifeintoathrillerthat5(bine)theelementsoftraditionalChinesecultureandhistorywithscifianddetectivegenres.6(model)onthelifeofWang,HaiYahascreatedthecharacterofpaintingprodigy(奇才)ZhaoXimeng,whopaintedfor7emperormorethan1,000yearsago.Aftermuchmiseryandsuffering,thepainter’smindabandonshisphysicalbodyandentersaspacewhereamodernpoliceofficer8(look)intoacaseaboutanancientpaintingatthetime.Thestoryrevealsthepoliticalchangesoftheperiod9thepaintingwascreated.TheHugoAwards,firstpresentedin1953andpresented10(annual)since1955,aresciencefiction’smostprestigiousawards.TheHugoAwardsarevotedonbymembersoftheWorldScienceFictionConvention,whichisalsoresponsibleforadministeringthem.【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要說明了2023年世界科幻文學(xué)最高獎項(xiàng)“雨果獎”的獲獎?wù)哂谥芰砉?，中國作家海漄以《時空畫師》獲得最佳中篇小說獎，他也是繼劉慈欣、郝景芳之后，第三位獲得雨果獎的中國科幻作家。1.考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：2023年世界科幻文學(xué)最高獎項(xiàng)“雨果獎”的獲獎?wù)哂谥芰砉?，中國作家海漄以《時空畫師》獲得最佳中篇小說獎?？仗帪榫渥又^語，主語Thewinners與謂語announce構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，根據(jù)后文onSaturdaynight可知為一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語為Thewinners，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。故填wereannounced。2.考查非謂語動詞。句意：2023年世界科幻文學(xué)最高獎項(xiàng)“雨果獎”的獲獎?wù)哂谥芰砉?，中國作家海漄以《時空畫師》獲得最佳中篇小說獎。此處為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，ChineseauthorHaiYa與take構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故填taking。3.考查介詞。句意：他成為繼2015年劉慈欣和2016年郝景芳之后第三位獲得雨果獎的中國作家。表示“……之后”應(yīng)用介詞after。故填after。4.考查名詞。句意：海漄從宋朝（9601279）王希孟的名畫《千里江山圖》中獲得了很多靈感。作賓語，應(yīng)用名詞inspiration，抽象概念，不可數(shù)。故填inspiration。5.考查主謂一致。句意：海漄將王的生平故事編織成一部驚悚片，將中國傳統(tǒng)文化和歷史元素與科幻和偵探類型相結(jié)合。空處為定語從句的謂語動詞，從句主語that指代先行詞athriller，為單數(shù)意義，且陳述客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時，謂語用三單形式。故填bines。6.考查非謂語動詞。句意：海漄以王的生平為藍(lán)本，塑造了1000多年前為皇帝作畫的繪畫神童趙希孟這個人物。短語bemodeledon表示“以……為藍(lán)本，仿照……而制作或設(shè)計(jì)”，此處省略be動詞，用過去分詞作狀語，首字母大寫。故填Modeled。7.考查冠詞。句意：海漄以王的生平為藍(lán)本，塑造了1000多年前為皇帝作畫的繪畫神童趙希孟這個人物。emperor為可數(shù)名詞，此處為泛指，且是發(fā)音以元音音素開頭的單詞，故填an。8.考查時態(tài)。句意：在經(jīng)歷了苦難和痛苦之后，畫家的思想拋棄了他的身體，進(jìn)入了一個現(xiàn)代警察正在調(diào)查古代繪畫案件的空間?？仗帪槎ㄕZ從句的謂語動詞，此處陳述故事情節(jié)，表示動作正在發(fā)生，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，主語為policeofficer，謂語用單數(shù)。故填islooking。9.考查定語從句。句意：這個故事揭示了這幅畫創(chuàng)作期間的政治變化。此處為介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)定語從句修飾先行詞period，表示“在……期間”應(yīng)用介詞during，先行詞是period，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用which。故填duringwhich。10.考查副詞。句意：雨果獎于1953年首次頒發(fā)，自1955年起每年頒發(fā)一次，是科幻小說領(lǐng)域最負(fù)盛名的獎項(xiàng)。修飾動詞present應(yīng)用副詞annually，作狀語。故填annually。(4)Headofthisyear’sLondonBookFairinMarch,mediareportedariseininterestintranslatedworksamongBritishreaders.FortranslatorAnnaHolmwood,thissignalsthe1(arrive)ofanewera.“ThisisabigmomentforChinesefictionabroad,”saysHolmwood,2hastranslatedChineseliteratureforalmostadecade.Hertranslationwork,LegendsoftheCondorHeroes,afantasynovelwrittenbyJinYong,andLiuCixin’ssciencefictionbook,TheThreeBodyProblem,areshowninaNielsenreport3examplesoftwoofthemostpopularChinesefictionworksinBritainin2018.“LanguagesingrowingdemandincludeChineseandArabic.”accordingtotheNielsenreport.Itfoundthat,againstthemonly4(see)“notmorethan3percentrule”oftranslatedliterature’spresenceintheEnglishlanguagebookmarkets,thenumberfor2018was5.63percentinBritain5thetotalannualsaleswasworth$27.1million.CharlotteCollins,translatorandcochairoftheBritishTranslatorsAssociation,says:“Aswecansee,thisproportion(比率)6(double)inrecentyears.Thisis7(true)excitingnews.”TheGuardianquotes(引用)FiammettaRocco,administratoroftheManBookerInternationalPrize,“8(read)fictionisoneofthe9(good)waysofputtingourselvesinotherpeople’sshoes.Theriseinsalesoftranslatedfiction10(show)howhungryBritishreadersareforterrificwritingfromothercountries.”【解析】本文是一篇說明文。通過對英語圖書市場的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，在英國翻譯小說的銷量明顯增長，這表明英國讀者對其他國家的優(yōu)秀作品是多么渴望。1.考查名詞。句意：對于翻譯AnnaHolmwood來說，這標(biāo)志著一個新時代的到來。設(shè)空處作動詞signals的賓語，根據(jù)the可知此處應(yīng)該用arrive的名詞形式arrival，arrival“到來”為不可數(shù)名詞，符合句意。故填arrival。2.考查定語從句。句意：“這是中國小說在海外的一個重要時刻，”翻譯中國文學(xué)近十年的Holmwood說。句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，“__2__hastranslatedChineseliteratureforalmostadecade”為非限制性定語從句，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)從句，指代先行詞Holmwood在定語從句中作主語，先行詞Holmwood指人，此從句用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。故填who。3.考查介詞。句意：她的翻譯作品金庸的奇幻小說《射雕英雄傳》和劉慈欣的科幻小說《三體》在Nielsen報(bào)告中被列為2018年英國最受歡迎的兩本中國小說。設(shè)空處后跟名詞作賓語，介詞as“作為”符合句意。故填as。4.考查過去分詞。句意：調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，與英語圖書市場中常見的“不超過3%的規(guī)則”相反，2018年英國的這一數(shù)字為5.63%，并且年度總銷售額為2710萬美元。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處作前置定語修飾名詞短語“notmorethan3percentrule”，see與notmorethan3percentrule構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用see的過去分詞seen作定語表被動。故填seen。5.考查并列連詞。句意：調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，與英語圖書市場中常見的“不超過3%的規(guī)則”相反，2018年英國的這一數(shù)字為5.63%，并且年度總銷售額為2710萬美元。句子結(jié)構(gòu)與句意分析可知，“thenumberfor2018was5.63percentinBritain”與“thetotalannualsaleswasworth$27.1million”之間為并列遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填連詞and構(gòu)成并列句，作動詞found的賓語。故填and。6.考查時態(tài)。句意：英國翻譯協(xié)會聯(lián)合主席兼翻譯CharlotteCollins說：“正如我們所看到的，這一比例近年來翻了一番?！痹O(shè)空處在句中作謂語動詞，根據(jù)時間狀語“inrecentyears”可知句子用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，且主語是proportion，助動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)has。故填hasdoubled。7.考查副詞。句意：這真是個令人興奮的消息。設(shè)空處修飾形容詞exciting作狀語，應(yīng)填true的副詞truly。故填truly。8.考查非謂語動詞。句意：讀小說是設(shè)身處地為別人著想的最好方法之一。設(shè)空處在句中作主語，應(yīng)填動詞read的動名詞形式reading；設(shè)空處置于直接引語的句首，首字母要寫。故填Reading。9.考查形容詞最高級。句意：讀小說是設(shè)身處地為別人著想的最好方法之一。根據(jù)空前的“oneofthe”以及空后名詞“ways”可知設(shè)空處應(yīng)填形容詞good最高級best修飾名詞ways，表示“最好的方式之一”。故填best。10.考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：翻譯小說銷量的增長表明，英國讀者對來自其他國家的優(yōu)秀作品有多么渴望。設(shè)空處在主句中作謂語動詞，結(jié)合空后賓語從句“howhungryBritishreadersareforterrificwritingfromothercountries”可知句子陳述目前現(xiàn)狀，用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，且主語是Therise，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填shows。(5)IntheSpringFestivalholiday,TheWanderingEarthII,asciencefictionmoviethatincludessomerathernewconceptssuchasnuclearfusion(核聚變)technologyandthesun’slifecycle,hadarocketfueledboxofficeof2.3billionyuanwithinsevendaysofbeingputonthebigscreen.Thefigurehasreached3.65billionyuan,1(make)itthe10thbiggestearnerinChineseboxofficehistory.Thefilm