2025屆高中英語一輪復習（北師大版）選擇性必修第三冊：UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY

UNIT9

HUMANBIOLOGY選擇性必修第三冊內容索引基礎知識排查核心考點突破寫作能力提升基礎知識達標><第一部分基礎知識排查Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——會意1235marathon n.馬拉松賽跑athletics n.田徑運動innovate vi.&

vt.革新，創(chuàng)新，改革vaccine n.疫苗resilience n.恢復力，復原力，適應力46798doping n.使用違禁藥物(以提高體育比賽的成績)clone vt.克隆，使無性繁殖

n.克隆動物或植物，無性繁殖的個體gene n.基因artificially adv.人為地，虛假地identical adj.完全相同的，非常相似的mammal n.哺乳動物camel n.駱駝cattle n.牛goat n.山羊10111214131517181916primate n.靈長目動物ape n.猿reproductive adj.繁殖的，生殖的clue n.線索，提示provoke vt.激起，引起2021222324ethical adj.關于倫理的；合乎道德的inferior adj.低級別的，下級的；差的，次的curse n.禍因，禍根；詛咒，咒語atom n.原子organ n.器官2526272829impulse n.(神經)沖動，(電)脈沖crossword n.縱橫字謎，縱橫填字游戲intake n.攝入量，攝取量omega n.歐米伽(希臘字母表的最后一個字母，即Ω，ω)epidemic n.傳染病，流行病30313233virus n.病毒variation n.變化物，變體；差異，變動bacteria n.細菌baseline n.(醫(yī)學或科學中的)基線，準線34353637parallel n.(不同地點或不同時間的兩事物之間的)聯(lián)系，相似

adj.平行的sample n.樣本，樣品

vt.品嘗，嘗試；對……做抽樣調查CE 公元(用于日期后)lung n.肺38394041trial n.試驗；審判，審理underline vt.強調，使突出；在……之下畫線symbolically adv.象征地，象征性地mineral n.礦物質；礦產4243database n.數據庫，資料庫astronomer n.天文學家Ⅱ.重點單詞——記形125justify vt.證明……有道理，為……辯護participant n.參加者，參與者barrier n.障礙，壁壘twin n.雙胞胎中的一個forever adv.永遠；長久地4367emotion n.強烈的情感，激情crucial adj.至關重要的，關鍵性的bound adj.很有可能，肯定會mere adj.僅僅，只不過；極小的，極不重要的9810111312abuse vt.濫用，妄用；虐待

n.濫用；虐待contain vt.包含，容納，裝盛locate vi.&

vt.找出……的準確位置zone n.地區(qū)，地帶factor n.因素，要素1415191817officially adv.官方地，正式地rare adj.稀有的，罕見的，不常發(fā)生的widespread adj.分布廣的，廣泛流傳的estimate vt.估計，估算visible adj.看得見的1620212322symptom n.癥狀；征兆，癥候bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏pose vt.造成，引起，產生(問題、危險、困難等)

n.(為畫像、拍照等而擺的)姿勢，姿態(tài)outbreak n.(戰(zhàn)爭或疾病)爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生24282726actual adj.實際的，真實的thorough adj.徹底的，全面的，詳盡的paragraph n.(文章的)段，段落phenomenon n.現(xiàn)象needle n.針252930suspect n.(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子victim n.(襲擊事件、搶劫事件或兇殺案的)受害者biologyn.生物學→biological adj.生物的；生物學的→biologist n.生物學家capability n.(完成困難事情的)能力，才能→capable adj.有能力的Ⅲ.拓展單詞——悉變12infer vt.推斷，推定→inference n.推斷，推定calculate vt.計算，核算→calculation n.計算，核算→calculator n.計算器34physicist n.物理學家→physics n.物理學→physical adj.物理學的；身體的；物質的betterment n.(個人社會和經濟地位的)改良，改善，提高→better vt.改善，提高；超過；勝過56edit vi.&

vt.編輯，編校；剪輯，剪接→edition n.版本，版次→editor n.編輯，主編comparison n.比較→compare v.比較78wholly adv.完全地→whole adj.完全的accurate adj.準確的，正確的→accurately adv.準確地→accuracy n.準確性，準確度910treatment n.診療，治療，療法；對待方式→treat n.樂事；款待

vt.治療；對待blessing n.福氣，幸運→bless vt.祝福1112nerve n.神經；焦慮，恐懼，緊張→nervous adj.緊張的classify vt.將……分類；把……歸入一類→classified adj.分類的；機密的→classification n.歸類，分類，分級1314opposed adj.與某事物相反；反對某事物→oppose vt.反對→opposite adj.對面的；相反的→opposition n.反對，反抗15depressing adj.令人沮喪的，讓人憂愁的→depressed adj.沮喪的，憂愁的→depress vt.令人沮喪；使蕭條→depression n.沮喪；(經濟)蕭條16steadily adv.穩(wěn)定地→steady adj.穩(wěn)定的；穩(wěn)固的→unsteady adj.不穩(wěn)定的systematic adj.系統(tǒng)化的，有條理的→system n.系統(tǒng)，體系，制度1718globe n.地球，世界；地球儀→global adj.全球的corresponding adj.相應的；對應的→correspond vi.相一致；符合；類似于→correspondence n.一致；相似；相關；通信；信件1920identify vt.確定，發(fā)現(xiàn)；認出，識別→identification n.確定，發(fā)現(xiàn)；鑒定；辨認21[拔高詞匯]背選修詞匯12453interpretation/In?t??prI'teI??n/ n.表演，演繹；解釋moody/'mu?di/ adj.喜怒無常的，情緒多變的egotistical/?i?ɡ?'tIstIk?l/ adj.自大的；自負的chore/t???/ n.家庭雜務；日常瑣事drone/dr??n/ n.無人遙控飛機678910collision/k?'lI??n/ n.碰撞事故；沖突，抵觸outweigh/a?t'weI/ vt.比……更重要；比……更有價值terrorist/'ter?rIst/ n.恐怖分子envision/In'vI??n/ vt.想象；展望lightweight/'laIt-weIt/ adj.比通常重量輕的1112inhabitant/In'h?bIt?nt/ n.居民technician/tek'nI??n/ n.技師，技術人員Ⅳ.背核心短語12junkfood 不利健康的食品，垃圾食品leadto 導致incomparisonwith 與……比較起來agreatdealof 大量beboundto 一定；勢必會beviewedas 被看作是3456789101112comeintocontactwith 接觸到，和……接觸beclassifiedas 被歸類為onrecord 有記載的，記錄在案的upto 多達；直到getthrough 度過，熬過；設法處理，完成inthecourseof 在……期間，在……過程中1314resultin 導致comeupwith 想出，想到1Theywerethefirst-everprimates(theorderofmammalswhichincludeapes，monkeys，andhumans)tohavebeencloned！(the＋序數詞＋n.＋todo...)它們是有史以來首次被克隆的靈長類動物(哺乳動物的一個類別，包括猿、猴子和人類)!Ⅴ.悟經典句式2Whilesomepeoplebelieveitiscrucialforscientificadvancement，othersraisemoralconcerns.(while引導的讓步狀語從句)盡管有些人認為這對于科學的進步至關重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的擔憂。3Researchersinsistthatthescienceofcloningshouldbefurtherexploredandadvanced.(insist后接that賓語從句用虛擬語氣)研究人員堅持認為，克隆科學應進一步得到探索與發(fā)展。4Withrecentpressreportsdrawingparallelsbetweenbirdfluandkillerepidemicsofthepast，JimSmithlooksatthesometimesdepressinghistoryofepidemicsforcluesabouthowwecancreateamorepositivefuturewithoutepidemics.(with的復合結構)隨著最近的媒體報道將禽流感和過去的致命流行病相類比，吉姆·史密斯審視了有時令人沮喪的流行病歷史，尋找關于我們如何創(chuàng)造一個更美好的沒有流行病的未來的線索。5Scientistsnowestimatethatupto50%ofthearea’spopulationdiedfromtheepidemic，makingitoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結果狀語)科學家們現(xiàn)在估計，該地區(qū)多達50%的人口死于這種流行病，使其成為羅馬帝國衰落的主要原因之一。6Havingkilledupto50millionpeoplein18months，theSpanishFluisbelievedtohavebeenthemostsevereepidemicinhistory.(sb/sthbebelievedtobe/havebeen...某人/某物被認為是……)在18個月內造成5000萬人死亡之后，西班牙流感被認為是歷史上最嚴重的流行病。Ⅰ.閱讀單詞1.marathon n.____________2.gene n.______3.artificially adv.________________4.identical adj._______________________5.mammal n._________6.camel n._____詞匯默寫默寫練習(一)馬拉松賽跑基因人為地，虛假地完全相同的，非常相似的哺乳動物駱駝7.reproductive adj.________________8.clue n._____________9.provoke vt.____________10.ethical adj.________________________11.inferior adj.______________________________繁殖的，生殖的線索，提示激起，引起關于倫理的；合乎道德的低級別的，下級的；差的，次的Ⅱ.重點單詞1.

vt.證明……有道理，為……辯護2.

n.參加者，參與者3.

n.障礙，壁壘4.

n.雙胞胎中的一個5.

adv.永遠；長久地6.

n.強烈的情感，激情justifyparticipantbarriertwinforeveremotion7.

adj.至關重要的，關鍵性的8.

adj.很有可能，肯定會9.

adj.僅僅，只不過；極小的，極不重要的10.

vt.濫用，妄用；虐待 n.濫用；虐待crucialboundmereabuseⅢ.拓展單詞1.

n.生物學→

adj.生物的；生物學的→

n.生物學家2.

n.(個人社會和經濟地位的)改良，改善，提高→

vt.改善，提高；超過；勝過biologybiologicalbiologistbettermentbetter3.

vi.&vt.編輯，編校；剪輯，剪接→

n.版本，版次→

n.編輯，主編4.

adv.完全地→

adj.完全的5.

n.福氣，幸運→

vt.祝福editeditioneditorwhollywholeblessingblessⅣ.拔高詞匯1.egotistical adj._______________2.drone n._____________3.collision n.______________________4.lightweight adj._______________5.technician n.________________自大的；自負的無人遙控飛機碰撞事故；沖突，抵觸比通常重量輕的技師，技術人員Ⅴ.核心短語1.junkfood __________________________2.leadto ______3.incomparisonwith ________________4.agreatdealof ______5.beboundto ______________不利健康的食品，垃圾食品導致與……比較起來大量一定；勢必會Ⅰ.詞形變化填空1.WhatimpressesusisMrWang’songoing

tochasehisdreams.Heisalways

ofachievinghisgoals.(capable)2.Whenyouareaskedto

somethingfromthetext，youmustmake

accordingtothepassageyoureadinsteadofyourimagination！(infer)3.Youwillneedto

howmuchtimetheassignmentwilltakeandmakearough

.(calculate)語境運用capabilitycapableinferinferencescalculatecalculation4.Don’t

everythingyouhavewithothers，foryouwillfeelyourlifelesssatisfactoryby

.(compare)5.Theinjuredmanisbeing

nowbythemostskilfuldoctors，soheislikelytocometolifesoonafterthe

.(treat)6.Basedon

data，Ican

describetheprojectandinotherwords，my

reliesonrelevantdata.(accurate)7.The

wasinterestedinthesubject—

andvarious

phenomenaattractedhisattention.(physical)comparecomparisontreatedtreatmentaccurateaccuratelyaccuracyphysicistphysicsphysicalⅡ.選詞填空1.Inthepast，hisbadlearninghabit

hispooracademicperformance.2.He

aresponsible，kind-heartedandhard-workingdoctor.3.ThefirsttimeI

him，Iconsideredhimtobecompetentanddiligent.junkfood，leadto，beboundto，beviewedas，comeintocontactwithledtoisviewedascameintocontactwith4.Consumingtoomuch

isharmfultoourphysicalhealth，andweshouldkeepabalanceddiet.5.Youhavedonesomuchworkinadvancethatyou

passtheend-of-termexamination.junkfood，leadto，beboundto，beviewedas，comeintocontactwithjunkfoodareboundtoⅢ.經典句型仿寫1.懷特先生總是第一個來公司的人。(the＋序數詞＋n.＋todo...)MrWhiteisalways

.2.雖然他的妻子經常告訴他，他不必這么早去那里，但他就是不聽她的話。(while引導的讓步狀語從句)

heneedn’tgotheresoearly，hejustwon’tlistentoher.thefirstpersontocometothecompanyWhilehiswifeoftentellshim3.他堅持認為他應該努力工作爭取晉升。(insist后接that賓語從句用虛擬語氣)Heinsistedthat

.he(should)workhardtogetpromoted默寫練習(二)Ⅰ.閱讀單詞詞匯默寫1.organ n._____2.intake n.________________3.epidemic n.________________4.virus n.______5.variation n.__________________________器官攝入量，攝取量傳染病，流行病病毒變化物，變體；差異，變動6.bacteria n.______7.sample n.____________

vt._______________________________8.lung n.____9.trial n._________________10.underline vt.______________________________11.mineral n._____________細菌樣本，樣品品嘗，嘗試；對……做抽樣調查肺試驗；審判，審理強調，使突出；在……之下畫線礦物質；礦產Ⅱ.重點單詞1.

vt.包含，容納，裝盛2.

n.因素，要素3.

adj.稀有的，罕見的，不常發(fā)生的4.

adj.分布廣的，廣泛流傳的5.

vt.估計，估算6.

adj.看得見的7.

n.癥狀；征兆，癥候containfactorrarewidespreadestimatevisiblesymptom8.

vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏9.

vt.造成，引起，產生(問題、危險、困難等) n.(為畫像、拍照等而擺的)姿勢，姿態(tài)10.

adj.實際的，真實的11.

adj.徹底的，全面的，詳盡的12.

n.(文章的)段，段落13.

n.針14.

n.(襲擊事件、搶劫事件或兇殺案的)受害者buryposeactualthoroughparagraphneedlevictimⅢ.拓展單詞1.

vt.將……分類；把……歸入一類→

adj.分類的；機密的→

n.歸類，分類，分級2.

adv.穩(wěn)定地→

adj.穩(wěn)定的；穩(wěn)固的→

adj.不穩(wěn)定的classifyclassifiedclassificationsteadilysteadyunsteady3.

adj.系統(tǒng)化的，有條理的→

n.系統(tǒng)，體系，制度4.

adj.相應的；對應的→

vi.相一致；符合；類似于→

n.一致；相似；相關；通信；信件5.

vt.確定，發(fā)現(xiàn)；認出，識別→

n.確定，發(fā)現(xiàn)；鑒定；辨認systematicsystemcorrespondingcorrespondcorrespondenceidentifyidentificationⅣ.拔高詞匯1.

adj.喜怒無常的，情緒多變的2.chore n.___________________3.

vt.比……更重要；比……更有價值4.envision vt.____________5.

n.居民moody家庭雜務；日?，嵤耾utweigh想象；展望inhabitantⅤ.核心短語1.beclassifiedas _________2.onrecord _____________________3.upto ____________4.inthecourseof _________________________5.resultin _____被歸類為有記載的，記錄在案的多達；直到在……期間，在……過程中導致Ⅰ.詞形變化填空1.Hopingtocalmour

，wedecidedtospendtheafternoonatthelake.However，theideaoftakingthesameboatwiththebossmademe

.(nerve)2.Ididn’texpecttoreceive

frommywife，butthistimeshewas

tomyproposalsomehow.(oppose)3.Becauseoftheeconomic

，myfathergotmuchlesssalariesthanbefore，andwewereall

atthe

news.(depress)語境運用nervesnervousoppositionopposeddepressiondepresseddepressing4.

warminghascausedgreatconcernandweshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestoprotectthe

.(globe)5.Hemade

progressinhisstudyafterheworkeddayandnight

fornearlyafewmonths.(steady)GlobalglobesteadysteadilyⅡ.選詞填空1.

thefirsttwochaptersiswhatIwilldotoday.2.Keepinmindthatwewillbedisqualifiedfromdrivingfor

threeyears.3.Youcanrelyonhimto

somegoodsuggestionsonhowtosolveyourproblem.beclassifiedas，upto，getthrough，resultin，comeupwithGettingthroughuptocomeupwith4.Asyouknow，Englishasalanguagecan

BritishorAmerican.5.Lastyearthebreakdownofhishealth

hisabandoninghisplantotravelallovertheglobe.beclassifiedas，upto，getthrough，resultin，comeupwithbeclassifiedasresultedinⅢ.經典句型仿寫1.自來水還流著，我父親就離開了家。(with的復合結構)

，myfatherleftthehouse.2.我從五歲起就一直學習英語，這讓我很容易與英語母語者自由交流。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結果狀語)IhavebeenlearningEnglishsincefive，___________________________________________withnativeEnglishspeakersfreely.Withthetapwaterrunningmakingiteasyformetocommunicate3.雜交水稻之父袁隆平被認為是中國最偉大的科學家之一。(sbbebelievedtobe...)YuanLongping，fatherofhybridrice，_____________________________________________________.isbelievedtobeoneofthegreatestscientistsinChinaInthecurrentera，whatpeopledohurtsnotonly1.

(they)butalsoanimals，suchassomecamels，cattle，apesandgoats.In2.

(compare)withwidespreadtraditionalofflinemedicalcare，remotemedicalcareismorecrucial,3.

canbreakthebarriersoftimeandspace，andprovidethebestdoctorsandtheaccuratetreatmentforpatients.Butsomeillegalorganizations,4.

(whole)ignoringtheethicalprinciples，areburiedineditingsomefalseadvertisementsartificiallyandabusingnetwork，providingsomefalsecluesforpatients.themselvescomparisonwhichwhollyItisbound5.

(lead)topermanenthurttopatients，whichwillprovokeangryemotionsandmust6.

(forbid)forever.Tomakematters7.

(bad)，itisestimatedthatsomerareanimalsaredisappearing.Therearemanyfactorsfortheirdisappearance，andtheycanberoughlyclassifiedintotwocategories，partlybecausetheyhavenocapabilitytoadapttotheenvironment,8.

partlybecauseofhumanactivities，whichposeathreattotheirhabitats.toleadbeforbiddenworseandItis9.

(depress)thatsomepeoplekillanimalsbecausetheyattributetheoutbreakofsomediseasestothevirusestheseanimalscarry.Fortunately，mostpeopleareopposed10.

thispracticeandcallforeffortstodevelopthoroughandsystematicmeasurestoprotectanimalsontheglobe.返回depressingto><第二部分核心考點突破提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯?undertreatment在治療中?treat...as...把……看作……；把……視為……treatsbtosth用某物招待某人，以某物款待某人treatsbwith...以……方式對待某人n.治療；處理；待遇(treatn.樂事；款待vt.對待；治療；請客)treatment1(1)BecauseIwasunder

(treat)，mymotherwasstronglyopposedtomyfathertreatingme

junkfood.treatmentto(2)通過社區(qū)服務，我完全意識到，我們不僅要以尊重的方式對待無家可歸的人，而且應該把他們看作平等的人。(2022·浙江6月，讀后續(xù)寫)Throughthecommunityservice，Iwhollyrealizedthatnotonly_______

butwealso_______________

.shouldwetreatthehomelesspeoplewithrespectshouldtreatthemasequalsoulsadj.肯定會，很有可能；受束縛的，受約束的；有義務的vi.跳躍，跳躍著前進；形成界限bound2beboundtodo...肯定會……；有責任或義務做……beboundfor...準備前往……(1)(應用文寫作之建議信)我相信，只有你全身心投入到比賽中，你才一定會成功。Iamconvincedthatonlyifyouaredevotedtothecompetition_________

.areyouboundtosucceed(2)在一個寒冷的日子里，告別了父母，我登上了一艘開往大西洋的巨輪。Onabittercoldday，aftersayinggoodbyetomyparents，Iwentaboardamassiveship

AtlanticOcean.(whichwas)boundforvt.分類，歸類(classifiedadj.分類的；機密的

classificationn.分類，類別)3classifyo...把……分為……classifysb/sthassth把……劃分為/界定為……(1)Epidemicsfallintodifferent

(classify)accordingtothewaytheyarespread.classifications(2)(應用文寫作之建議信)有人建議，當我們背誦單詞時，應該把它們分成不同的類別。例如，有些詞可以歸類為與體育有關的詞。Itissuggestedthatwords________________________________________whenwelearnthembyheart.Forinstance，somewords________________sports-relatedwords.(should)beclassifiedintodifferentcategoriescanbeclassifiedasadj.相反的；對立的(opposevt.反對；抵制；阻撓oppositeadj.對面的；相反的oppositionn.反對)opposed(1)Igotaseat

(oppose)amiddle-agedmanwithsharpeyes，whokeptwatchingayoungwomaninawindowseatwithalittleboyonherlap.(2021·北京)4?beopposedto(doing)sth反對(做)某事?oppose(doing)sth反對(做)某事opposesb/sb’sdoingsth反對某人做某事opposite(2)Tobehonest，moststudentsoppose

(group)studentsrandomlyfortheupcomingoralpracticesessions.(2023·新課標Ⅰ，應用文寫作)→Tobehonest，moststudents____________________________________fortheupcomingoralpracticesessions.(3)我強烈反對大衛(wèi)放棄越野跑。他緊緊地閉上眼睛，思索著我的反對。(2022·新課標Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)Istronglyopposed

thecross-countryrun.Heclosedhiseyestightly,ponderingon

.groupingareopposedtogroupingstudentsrandomlyDavid/David’sgivingupmyopposition(4)(讀后續(xù)寫之悲傷心理描寫)Becauseallofmyfriendswereopposedtomyplan，Icouldn’tresistsobbing，hidingmyfaceinmyhands.→

，Icouldn’tresistsobbing，hidingmyfaceinmyhands.(用with復合結構改寫)→

，Icouldn’tresistsobbing，hidingmyfaceinmyhands.(用獨立主格結構改寫)WithallofmyfriendsopposedtomyplanAllofmyfriendsopposedtomyplanburybury...in...把……埋到……；使……沉浸于……buryoneselfin(doing)...埋頭于/專心于……beburiedin專心于buryone’sfaceinone’shands雙手掩面5vt.埋葬；埋藏；使陷入；覆蓋；掩藏(1)(讀后續(xù)寫之動作鏈描寫)他一屁股坐地上，雙手掩面，開始傷心地哭起來。Hefloppeddownontheground，

andbegantoweepsadly.buriedhisfaceinhishands(2)我每天專心讀英文報Youth并獲得了豐富多彩的知識。(2021·新課標Ⅰ，應用文寫作)①I___________________________________________________________

andhavegainedlotsofcolorfulknowledge.②____________________________________________________________

，Ihavegainedlotsofcolorfulknowledge.(用分詞短語作狀語改寫)burymyselfin/amburiedinreadingtheEnglishnewspaperYoutheverydayBuryingmyselfin/BuriedinreadingtheEnglishnewspaperYoutheverydayvt.懷疑

n.(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子(suspicionn.懷疑；疑心suspiciousadj.懷疑的；可疑的)suspect6?suspectsbof(doing)sth懷疑某人(做)某事suspectsbtobe/as...懷疑某人是……?besuspiciousof/about...對……懷疑(1)(讀后續(xù)寫之悲傷心理描寫)Hesuspectedmeof

(steal)theoldwoman’sgoldringandevenmybestfriendwas

(suspect)aboutmypersonalqualities，soIburiedmyfaceinmyhands，sobbinguncontrollably.stealingsuspicious(2)那個陌生人被懷疑是間諜，正在接受警方的審問。

，thestrangerisbeingquestionedbythepolice.(3)我們認為那個受傷的參賽者可能跑不完馬拉松，但實際上他憑著堅強的意志成功了。

，butactuallyhemadeitwithstrongwillpower.用法點撥與suspectsbofsth結構相同的短語還有：informsbofsth通知某人某事；remindsbofsth提醒某人某事；robsbofsth搶劫某人某物；accusesbofsth控告某人某事；warnsbofsth警告某人某事。Suspectedtobe/asaspyWesuspectedthattheinjuredparticipantmaynotfinishthemarathon?本句中不定式短語tohavebeencloned作后置定語，修飾thefirst-everprimates。

當中心詞是序數詞或被序數詞修飾時，常用不定式(短語)作后置定語。?英語中常用不定式(短語)作后置定語的情況：①被修飾詞為序數詞、形容詞最高級或被序數詞、形容詞最高級修飾時；②被修

飾詞前有theonly，thevery，thenext等詞對其進行修飾時；③不定代詞

something，nothing，little等后；④抽象名詞time，way，reason，chance，

ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后。Theywerethefirst-everprimates(theorderofmammalswhichincludeapes，monkeys，andhumans)tohavebeencloned！它們是有史以來首次被克隆的靈長類動物(哺乳動物的一個類別，包括猿、猴子和人類)!the＋序數詞＋n.＋todo...7(1)ThoughDavidwasthelastparticipant

(cross)thefinishingline，hewonallofouradmirationandcheers.(2)(讀后續(xù)寫之主旨升華)事實上，我們在日常生活中都有值得感激的事情，但有時我們只是沒有意識到。Asamatteroffact，weallhavesomething

inourdailylife，butsometimeswejustdon’trealizeit.tocrosstobegratefulfor(3)約翰是第一個想到做爆米花幫助伯納德掙外快的人。他相信他有能力幫助伯納德走出困境。(2020·新課標Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)Johnwas

tohelpBernardearnsomeextramoney.Hewasconvincedthathe____________________Bernardoutofthedifficulty.(4)(應用文寫作之申請信)我能說一口流利的英語，而且我是班上唯一出國深造的學生。毫無疑問我是負責這項工作的最佳人選。IcanspeakfluentEnglishandIam________________________________

forfurtherstudy.ThereisnodoubtthatIam_______________

.thefirstpersontothinkofmakingpopcornhadtheabilitytohelptheonlystudentinmyclasstogoabroadthebestpersontoberesponsibleforthejob此句中的makingitoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結果狀語，表示意料、情理之中的結果；另外，動詞不定式也可作結果狀語，一般放在句子后面，且常表示出乎意料的結果，常與only，just等詞連用。Scientistsnowestimatethatupto50%ofthearea’spopulationdiedfromtheepidemic，makingitoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire.科學家們現(xiàn)在估計，該地區(qū)多達50%的人口死于這種流行病，使其成為羅馬帝國衰落的主要原因之一。現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結果狀語8(1)(應用文寫作之自薦信)Firstofall，IspeakfluentEnglish.Itpermitsmetocommunicatewithvisitorswithoutdifficulty.→Firstofall，IspeakfluentEnglish，________________________________________________________.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫)(2)(讀后續(xù)寫之片段描寫)簡氣呼呼地走進森林，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己認不清方向。更糟糕的是，天突然下起了大雨，使她更難找到離開這片陌生森林的路。Janestampedherfeetintotheforestangrily，

shecouldn’tidentifydirection.Worsestill，itrainedheavilysuddenly，

.permittingmetocommunicatewithvisitorswithoutdifficultyonlytofindthatmakingitmoredifficulttofindherwayoutoftheunfamiliarforest句中的“sb/sthbe＋過去分詞＋todo...”可與“Itis＋過去分詞＋that...”這個句型相互轉換，根據具體情況，不定式可用一般式、進行式或完成式。Havingkilledupto50millionpeoplein18months，theSpanishFluisbelievedtohavebeenthemostsevereepidemicinhistory.在18個月內造成5000萬人死亡之后，西班牙流感被認為是歷史上最嚴重的流行病。sb/sthbe＋過去分詞＋todo...9(1)ThomasEdisonwasconsidered

(invent)thebulb，whichbenefitspeoplegreatly.tohaveinvented(2)Hisdaughterissaid

(study)lawatuniversityandwillgraduatein2025.

→_____________________________________________________________________________(用it作形式主語改寫)(3)他被公認為是世界上最偉大的物理學家之一。①He

oneoftheworld’sgreatestphysicists.②

heisoneoftheworld’sgreatestphysicists.返回tobestudyingItissaidthathisdaughterisstudyinglawatuniversityandwillgraduatein2025.isacknowledgedas/tobeItisacknowledgedthat><第三部分基礎知識達標提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1.nerve(1)Iwasgoingtohaveagoatparachutingbutlostmynerveatthelastminute.

(2)Withtheencouragementandcomfort，Ifinallynervedmyselftobravelyfacethebarrier.

(3)Once，whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam(橫桿)，Ifellontothestones，damaginganerveinmyhand.(2021·全國甲)

A.n.神經B.n.勇氣C.vt.鼓足勇氣____________BAC2.pose(1)Adultsareportrayed(描繪)aloneinmanysettingsandposes. (2023·新課標Ⅱ)(2)Pollutionposesathreattotheexistenceofthisspecies.

(3)WhenIfinallyposedthequestion，“Why？”hemerelyshrugged.

(4)HowcouldIpossiblytakethetimetoposeforasculpturenow？ (2020·天津)A.n.(為畫像、拍照等擺的)姿勢B.vi.擺好姿勢C.vt.造成(威脅、問題等)

D.vt.提出；質詢________________ADCB3.快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加顏色詞匯的意思(1)Learningthathewasappointedasheadoftheteam，hecouldn’tcontainhisexcitementanddancedintothehouse._________________(2)Wecannotcalculateonhishelpbecauseheisnotreliable.

_____(3)Wesampledaselectionofdifferentbottledwaters.

_____(4)IgotupearlytocatchthetrainthatwasboundforShanghai._____(5)Asyouknow，IburymyselfinbooksattheschoolIamsofamiliarwith.