學(xué)位英語復(fù)習(xí)資料：閱讀講義及詳解

閱讀理解

【學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容】

1.題型介紹

2.解題策略

3.答題步驟

4.解題技巧

一、題型介紹

考查的能力題型

掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意主旨題

了解闡述主旨的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)細(xì)節(jié)題

利用上下文猜測(cè)某些詞匯和短語的意義詞匯題

根據(jù)所讀材料進(jìn)行判斷、推論或做出結(jié)論推論題

領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的觀點(diǎn)、意圖和態(tài)度態(tài)度題

二、解題策略

(-)主旨題

這類題型主要是用來考查考生是否理解了文章或段落的主旨和大意，也考查考生區(qū)別主要信息與次

要信息的能力。其提問方式常有以下幾種：

Whatisthemainidea(subject)ofthispassage?

Whatdoesthispassagemainlyconcern?

Themainpointofthepassageis.

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

Thepurposeofthewriterinwritingthispassageis.

主旨是一篇文章或一個(gè)段落的核心，是作者寫作意圖的體現(xiàn)。就學(xué)士學(xué)位英語考試而言，文章或段

落的主旨通常以主題句(topicsentence)的形式出現(xiàn)。

應(yīng)試策略1：

如果時(shí)間緊迫，就略讀(skimming)文章的開頭、結(jié)尾及段落的首句和尾句，因?yàn)檫@些地方最能體

現(xiàn)文章的主旨大意。主旨應(yīng)該是宏觀的，但又不能失之空泛。

例I：Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.theagriculturerevolution

B.theinventionoflabor-savingmachinery

C.thedevelopmentofscientificagriculture

D.thefanningmachineryinAmerica

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)第一段的前兩句：Theagriculturerevolutioninthenineteenthcentury

involvedtwothings:theinventionoflabor-savingmachineryandthedevelopmentof

scientificagriculture.Labor-savingmachinerynaturallyappearedfirstwherelabor

wasscarce.可以看出，這里進(jìn)一步談?wù)摰氖顷P(guān)于Labor-savingmachinery,所以它

應(yīng)該是文章的主題，故答案為B。

原文：Theagriculturerevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothings:theinventionof

labor-savingmachineryandthedevelopmentofscientificagriculture.Labor-savingmachinerynaturally

appearedfirstwherelaborwasscarce/'InEurope”,saidThomasJefferson,t4thcobjectistomakethemost

oftheirland,

laborbeingsufficient;hereitistomakethemostofourlabor,landbeingabundanfMtwasinAmerica,

therefore,thatthegreatadvancesinnineteenth-centuryagriculturalmachineryfirstcame.

Attheopeningofthecentury,withtheexceptionofacrude（粗糙的）plow,farmerscouldhavecarried

practicallyalloftheexistingagriculturaltoolsontheirbacks.By1860,mostofthemachineryinusetoday

hadbeendesignedinanearlyfbrm.Themostimportantoftheearlyinventionswastheironplow.Asearly

as1890CharlesNewboltofNewJerseyhadbeenworkingontheideaofacast-ironplowandspenthis

entirefortuneinintroducinghisinvention....

例2：Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe.

A.WordsandFeelings

B.Words,GesturesandFeelings

C.GesturesandFeelings

0.CultureandUnderstanding

【答案】C

【解析】本文的第一段提到了words,gestures和feelings,但是接下來的論述是

關(guān)于gestures和feelings的,如：laughter,crying,fear等都是表達(dá)人的feeling

的，故本文的主題應(yīng)該是GesturesandFeelingso

原文：Weusebothwordsandgesturestoexpressourfeelings,buttheproblemisthatthesewordsand

gesturescanbeunderstoodindifferentways.

Itistruethatasmilemeansthesamethinginanylanguage.Sodoeslaughterorcrying.Therearealsoa

numberofstrikingsimilaritiesinthewaydifferentanimalsshowthesamefeelings.Dogs,tigersand

humans,forexample,oftenshowtheirteethwhentheyareangry.Thisisprobablybecausetheyarebom

withthosebehaviorpatterns.

Fearisanotheremotionthatisshowninmuchthesamewayallovertheworld.InChineseandinEnglish

literature,aphraselike“hewentpaleandbegintotremble^^suggeststhatthemaniseitherveryafraidorhe

hasjustgotaverybigshock.However,“heopenedhiseyeswide“isusedtosuggestangerinChinese

whereasinEnglishitmeanssurprise.InChinesesurprisecanbedescribedinaphraselike“theystretched

outtheirtongues"！StickingoutyourtongueinEnglishisaninsultinggestureorexpressesstrongdislike.

Eveninthesameculture,peopledifferinabilitytounderstandandexpressfeelings.Experimentsin

Americahaveshownthatwomenareusuallybetterthanmenatrecognizingfear,anger,loveandhappiness

onpeople'sfaces.Otherstudiesshowthatolderpeopleusuallyfinditeasiertorecognizeorunderstand

bodylanguagethanyoungerpeopledo.

應(yīng)試策略2：

在快速閱讀原文的同時(shí)，考生應(yīng)善于捕捉文章中頻率出現(xiàn)高的關(guān)鍵詞，這些詞往往蘊(yùn)含了文章的中

心思想。這些關(guān)鍵詞一般是同一詞語的高頻出現(xiàn)，也有可能表現(xiàn)為同類詞（上下義詞、同義詞或同

根詞）貫穿全文。

例1：Agoodtitleforthispassageis.

A.Sleep

B.Dreams

C.GoodHealth

D.WorkandRest

原文：

Afterabusydayofworkandplay,thebodyneedstorest.Sleepisnecessaryforgoodhealth.Duringthis

time,thebodyrecoversfromtheactivitiesofthepreviousday.Therestthatyougetwhilesleepingenables

yourbodytoprepareitselfforthenextday.

Therearefourlevelsofsleep,eachbeingalittledeeperthantheonebefore.Asyousleep,yourmuscles

relaxlittlebylittle.Yourheartbeatsmoreslowly,andyourbrainslowsdown.Afteryoureachthefourth

level,yourbodyshiftsbackandforthfromonelevelofsleeptotheother.

Althoughyourmindslowsdown,fromtimetotimeyouwilldream.Scientistswhostudysleepstatethat

whendreamingoccurs,youreyeballsbegintomovemorequickly(althoughyoureyelidsareclosed).This

stageofsleepiscalledREM,whichstandsforrapideyemovement.

Ifyouhavetroublefallingasleep,somepeoplerecommendbreathingveryslowlyandverydeeply.Other

peoplebelievethatdrinkingwarmmilkwillhelpmakeyoudrowsy.Thereisalsoanoldsuggestionthat

countingsheepwillputyoutosleep!

【答案】A

【解析】整篇文章都是圍繞著睡眠展開的，提到了關(guān)于睡眠的多個(gè)方面。所以

文章的標(biāo)題就是sleep。

(-)細(xì)節(jié)題

考生不僅需要從宏觀上把握文章內(nèi)容，還應(yīng)該從微觀上了解短文透露的具體信息，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、

人物、物體、性格、特征、長(zhǎng)度、距離、過程、原因、條件、結(jié)果等等。反映在考題上，就是具體

情景題，即對(duì)文中具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)(factsanddetails)進(jìn)行提問。有時(shí)候，這類題目會(huì)進(jìn)一步演化為

是非判斷題(trueorfalse),考查學(xué)生一定的辨別和排除能力。

應(yīng)試策略1：

找到試題中的關(guān)鍵詞，對(duì)試題在文章中的位置進(jìn)行精確定位，然后閱讀與試題相關(guān)的句子，對(duì)比選

項(xiàng)得出正確答案。

例1：Thedifferencebetweenthecontrolgroupandtheexperimentalgroupwas.

A.thetrainingthatparentsreceived

B.theageofthechildren

C.thebooksthatwereread

D.thenumberofthechildren

原文：

Astudywasdonewith30three-year-oldchildrenandtheirparents.Halfofthechildrenparticipatedinthe

experimentalstudy;theotherhalfactedasthecontrolgroup.Intheexperimentalgroup,theparentswere

givenatwo-hourtrainingsessioninwhichtheyweretaughttoaskopen-endedquestionsratherthan

yes-or-noqucstions.Forexample,theparentshouldask,“Whatisthedoggiedoing?"ratherthan“Isthe

doggierunningaway?”Theparentsintheexperimentalgroupwerealsoinstructedinhowtohelpchildren

findanswers,howtosuggestalternativepossibilitiesandhowtopraisecorrectanswers.

【答案】A

【解析】原文中說Intheexperimentalgroup,theparentsweregivenatwo-hour

trainingsession,這正是本題的答案。

例2：Brightchildrenandnot-brightchildren.

A.aretwodifferenttypesofchildren

B.aredifferentmainlyintheirdegreeofcleverness

C.havedifferenceonlyintheirwayofthinking

D.havedifferentknowledgeabouttheworld

原文：

Ifyoulookatchildren,you1!!seegreatdifferencebetweenwhatwecallubright"childrenand"not-bright"

children.Theyareactuallytwodifferentkindsofpeople,notjustthesamekindwithdifferentamountof

intelligence.Forexample,thebrightchildreallywantstofindoutaboutlife-hetriestogetintouchwith

everythingaroundhim.But,theunintelligentchildkeepsmoretohimselfandhisowndream-world;he

seemstohaveawallbetweenhimandlifeingeneral.

【答案】A

【解析】原文說Theyareactuallytwodifferentkindsofpeople,notjustthesame

kindwithdifferentamountofintelligence,A項(xiàng)中的types對(duì)應(yīng)這句話中的kindSo

例3：Accordingtothispassage,intelligenceis.

A.theabilitytostudywell

B.theabilitytodowellinschool

C.theabilitytodealwithlife

D.theabilitytogethighscoresonsometests

原文：

Whenwetalkaboutintelligence,wedonotmeantheabilitytogetgoodscoresoncertainkindsoftestsor

eventheabilitytodowellinschool.Byintelligencewemeanawayoflivingandbehaving,especiallyina

neworupsettingsituation.Ifwewanttotestintelligence,weneedtofindouthowapersonactsinsteadof

howmuchheknowswhattodo.

【答案】C

【解析】原文說Byintelligencewemeanawayoflivingandbehaving,由此可以

看出答案是C。

(三)詞匯題

詞匯題是學(xué)士學(xué)位英語閱讀理解測(cè)試中的重要一項(xiàng)。詞匯題往往要求對(duì)文章中的某個(gè)單詞、短語甚

至句子等找出近義詞或者最合適的解釋。因此，詞匯題在很大程度上是根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞義。常見

的提問方式有：

(1)Accordingtothewriter,thewordmeans.

(2)Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby"...”inparagraph...?

(3)Whichofthefollowingisnearestinmeaningto

(4)Theterm"inparagraph...canbebestreplacedby....

(5)What'sthemeaningof"...ninline...ofparagraph...?

(6)Whatdoes"it"referstoinLine2,Paragraph5?

應(yīng)試策略1：

對(duì)于生詞、難詞，文章一定會(huì)在上下文中進(jìn)行解釋、說明或者用一個(gè)比較簡(jiǎn)單的詞重復(fù)該詞，因此,

這類題并不難做。尋讀(scanning)定位相關(guān)詞的出處，根據(jù)上下文來推斷其義，特別要注意被考詞

前后的一些連接詞(如and,or,for,but等)，可以通過它們表達(dá)的邏輯關(guān)系來判斷詞義。

例1：Theword"scars”inParagraphOneiscloseinmeaningto.

A.goodstoriesB.pains

C.ExperiencesD.memories

原文：

Notallmemoriesaresweet.Somepeoplespendalltheirlivestryingtoforgetbadexperiences.Violence

andtrafficaccidentscanleavepeoplewithterriblephysicalandemotionalscars.Oftentheyrelivethese

experiencesinnightmares(噩夢(mèng)).

【答案】B

【解析】scar：傷疤，創(chuàng)傷。從上下文的意思也可以看出來，與它接近的選項(xiàng)是

painso

例2：Theword“sedentary“inParagraph4probablymeans.

A.havingalotofthingstodo

B.involvinglittleexerciseorphysicalactivity

C.beingisolatedfromtheoutsideworld

0.experiencingalotofstress

原文：

Today,societyplacesalotofemphasisontechnology.Computers,DVDs,CDs,television,PlayStations

andXboxeshavebecomemajorleisureactivities,ratherthantraditionalmoreactivepursuits.Thishasled

toamoresedentarylifestyle.

【答案】B

【解析】通過劃線詞前面的ratherthantraditionalmoreactivepursuits可以看出來，

現(xiàn)代人擁有的是更加不活躍的生活方式，活動(dòng)量比較少。

應(yīng)試策略2：

可以利用被考單詞的修飾、限定成分來判斷其含義，這是最直接的方法。這種修飾與限定可以表現(xiàn)

為多種形式。可以通過特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)（如冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)、引號(hào)等）引出修飾成分，也可直接表現(xiàn)為

定語或其他修飾語。

例1：Theword“nightmare“inthispassage（Line1,paragraph1）means.

A.frighteningdreamB.veryunpleasantsituation

C.verystrangeexperienceD.extraordinaryevent

原文：

Itisyourworstnightmare:youarrivebackhomeafterworkoraholidaytofindthatsomeoneelsehas

movedintoyourflatorhouse.Theyplaytheirmusicloudlyonyourrecorder,sleepinginyourbedand

makeaterriblemess（臟亂）.Andtheyrefusetoleave.Thisiswhatmanypeopleunderstandbytheterm

“squatting".

【答案】B

【解析】通過后面的描述可以看出來，這里的nightmare指的是令人非常不愉快

的現(xiàn)象。

應(yīng)試策略3：

關(guān)于“it、they、one、that、such”等常見代詞的指代語義題，在學(xué)士學(xué)位英語考試?yán)镆脖容^常見。代

詞指代的是名詞或句子，因此對(duì)付這類題首先要靠尋讀（scanning）來定位相關(guān)代詞的出處，然后順

藤摸瓜到上文尋找被替代成分。一般與該代詞最近的名詞（短語）或句子最有可能是被替代的成分。

例1：Theword"they"inthelastparagraphrefersto.

A.lawsB.courtsC.squattersD.representatives

原文：

NowtheBritaingovernmentishopingtointroducelawswhichwouldmakelifemoredifficultforsquatters

（長(zhǎng)期霸占別人住房的人）.Theproposednewlawswouldallowcourtstoordersquatterstoleavea

propertywithin24hours.Iftheydidn't,theycouldbegivenasix-monthprisonsentence（andthereforea

criminalrecord）orafineofupto5,000pounds.Itwouldalsogivepoliceortherepresentativesofthe

courts-thebailiffs（法警）一morepowerstobreakintopropertytoforcesquatterstoleave.

【答案】C

【解析】they指代的是前一句話中的squatters,法律可以強(qiáng)制他們離開。

例2：Whatdoes"it"inline2canmostprobablybereplacedby?

A.Parentsincreasingchildren'slanguagedevelopment

B.Readingtechniquesbeingsimple

C.Parentsreadingtochildren

0.Children^intelligencedevelopment

原文:

Byadoptingafewsimpletechniques,parentswhoreadtotheirchildrencangreatlyincreasetheir

children'slanguagedevelopment.Itissurprisingbuttrue.

【答案】A

【解析】it指代的是前面一句話的內(nèi)容，即給孩子們讀書的父母極大的提高了孩

子的語言能力。所以答案是A。

(四)邏輯推理類

邏輯推理題與細(xì)節(jié)題有所相似，也是對(duì)文章具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行判斷。不同的是，它不但要求考生掌握文

章所表達(dá)的字面含義，還要求考生依靠自己的邏輯推理能力，從上下文的聯(lián)貫性及相關(guān)暗示去明析

作者隱含的意思。難度大，出錯(cuò)也最多，究其原因，歸根結(jié)底還是對(duì)文章內(nèi)容沒有做到真正的理解

和掌握。邏輯推理類問題的命題方式主要有以下幾種：

(1)Wecaninfer(conclude,drawtheconclusion,learn)fromthepassagethat.

(2)ItcanbeinfeiTed(concluded)fromthepassagethat.

(3)Itisimpliedfromthesecondpassagethat.

(4)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

(5)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablydiscuss.

應(yīng)試策略1：

一般來說，在一篇文章后的五道試題中，若該推理題出現(xiàn)在該篇首尾兩道(第一道和第五道)，一

般為主題推理，也就是說要找到文章的主題句研讀后方可得到正確答案；若該推理題出現(xiàn)在五道題

的中間部分，一般則是根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)部分進(jìn)行推理，按照細(xì)節(jié)題細(xì)節(jié)定位基本原則也可以較快做

出選擇。

如果對(duì)文章的主題進(jìn)行推理，則要快速閱讀文章的開頭、結(jié)尾及段落的首句和尾句，找到文章的主

題句，然后進(jìn)行推理和判斷。

例1：(五道試題中的第一題)

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Childrenwhotalkalotaremoreintelligent.

B.Parentswholistentotheirchildrencanteachthemmore.

C.Activechildrenshouldreadmoreandbegivenmoreattention.

D.Verbalabilitycaneasilybedevelopedwithpropermethods.

原文：

Byadoptingafewsimpletechniques,parentswhoreadtotheirchildrencangreatlyincreasetheir

children'slanguagedevelopment.Itissurprisingbuttrue.Howparentstalktotheirchildrenmakesabig

differenceinthechildren'slanguagedevelopment.Ifaparentencouragesthechildtoactivelyrespondto

whattheparentisreading,thechild'slanguageskillsincrease.

Astudywasdonewith30three-year-oldchildrenandtheirparents.Halfofthechildrenparticipatedinthe

experimentalstudy;theotherhalfactedasthecontrolgroup.

【答案】D

【解析】原文開頭就說到，通過采用一些小技巧，就可以大大提高孩子的語言

水平。由此可以推測(cè)出答案是D。

應(yīng)試策略2：

邏輯推理題型重點(diǎn)在于由表及里挖掘言語深層含意(implication),所以一般在原文中不可能直接找

到現(xiàn)成的答案。對(duì)于那些在原文中已明確陳述了的(stated)選項(xiàng)，在選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容綜合分析時(shí)要首先排

除。

例2：Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat.

A.therewasashortageofworkersonAmericanfarms

B.themostimportantoftheearlyinventionwastheironplow

C.after1869,manypeopledevotedtheirattentiontotheplow

D.CharlesNewbolthadmadeafortunebyhiscast-ironplow

原文：

Labor-savingmachinerynaturallyappearedfirstwherelaborwasscare."InEurope"，saidThomas

Jefferson,t6theobjectistomakethemostoftheirland,laborbeingsufficient;hereitistomakethemostof

ourlabor,landbeingabundant".ItwasinAmerica,therefore,thatthegreatadvancesinnineteenth-century

agriculturalmachineryfirstcame.Attheopeningofthecentury,withtheexceptionofacrude(粗糙的)

plow,farmerscouldhavecarriedpracticallyalloftheexistingagriculturaltoolsontheirbacks.By1860,

mostofthemachineryinusetodayhadbeendesignedinanearlyform.Themostimportantoftheearly

inventionswastheironplow...

【答案】A

【解析】IMitistomakethemostofourlabor,landbeingabundant,意思是:

要充分利用勞動(dòng)力，土地很多，言外之意就是說美國(guó)勞動(dòng)力相對(duì)缺乏。

(五)態(tài)度題

測(cè)試考生通過對(duì)文章的理解，對(duì)作者說話的語氣、態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)的把握。

提問方式：

Whafsthewriter'sattitudeto...?

What'sthetoneofthepassage?

Theauthor'sviewis.

Thewriter'sattitudeofthispassageisapparently.

Theauthorsuggeststhat.

Accordingtoauthor,.

應(yīng)試策略：

1.有的文章觀點(diǎn)明確，基調(diào)清楚，這時(shí)略讀(skimming)文章的首尾段及段落的首尾句。如不能確

立文章基調(diào)，則需進(jìn)一步研讀某些細(xì)節(jié)，尤其應(yīng)注意有些表明作者觀點(diǎn)的詞匯，如形容詞、副詞等。

特別要注意：inmyview,inmyopinion,Ithink,Iargue,asfarasIamconcerned等之類的表達(dá),因?yàn)檫@

往往直接引出作者的觀點(diǎn)與態(tài)度。

2.議論體裁的文章用以說服讀者支持或駁斥某一觀點(diǎn)，作者的態(tài)度一般為中心主題句所表達(dá)，所以

論述文作者的態(tài)度主要看主題句。

彳列1：Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthechangingofsuperstition-beliefis.

A.optimistic

B.pessimistic

C.critical

D.neutral

【答案】A

【解析】原文結(jié)尾說到，英國(guó)人已經(jīng)脫離了迷信的狀態(tài)，即作者對(duì)迷信態(tài)度的

轉(zhuǎn)變是樂觀的，接受的。由此可以推測(cè)出答案是A。

原文：Superstitionisadifficultquestion.WecannotquitesaythatsuperstitioninBritainisdead.Itshistory

istoolongandtoorecentforthat,andindeedyouwillfindmanyremainsofitinmodernBritain,butthey

areonlyconnectedchieflywithvaguebeliefsofgoodluckandbackluck.Itisunlucky,forinstance,to

walkunderaladder,ortospillsalt,orbreakamirror,whereasahorseshoebringsgoodluck,andpeople

jokinglytouchwoodtopreventthereturnofapastmisfortune.Therearestillmanystrangecountry

remediesagainstsicknesswhichareobviouslysuperstitions.Mostofall,thereisstillasurprisingamount

ofinterestinfortune-telling,e.g.intheformof"horoscopes（占星術(shù)）"innewspapersandwomen's

magazines-thoughtformostpeoplethisisnothingmorethananamusement,whichtheymaywellbe

slightlyashamedof.

Butrealmeasureofsuperstitionisfear.InthissensethereisnosuperstitioninBritain.Britainpeopleasa

wholedonotbelieveinevilinfluencesorevilspirits.........Thus,modernBritainhaslargelyemergedfrom

superstition,andthefutureseemstoconsistnotofdevils,butofmatterandmachines.

應(yīng)試策略3：

對(duì)于態(tài)度類題目，考生要牢記以下表示褒義、貶義及中性態(tài)度的常用詞。閱讀文章時(shí)如出現(xiàn)這些詞

語，往往一個(gè)詞就可以定乾坤，而不需要再花工夫去分析整篇文章。

褒義表達(dá)詞:positive（肯定的），optimistic（樂觀的），agreeable（贊同的），favorable（贊成

的），supporting（支持的），approving（贊同的），concerned（關(guān)心的）,interested（感興趣的），

polite（有禮貌的），enthusiastic（熱情的），constructive（有建設(shè)性的），reasonable（合理的）。

貶義表達(dá)詞：critical（批評(píng)的），pessimistic（悲觀的）,negative（消極的），ironic（諷刺的）,

suspicious（懷疑的），doubtful（懷疑的），indifferent（冷漠的），depressed（沮喪的），sarcastic

（嘲諷的）,disagreeable（厭惡的）,unfavorable（不贊同的）。

中性表達(dá)詞:neutral（中立的），impartial（公正的），informative（提供信息的），objective（客

觀的）。

三、閱讀理解解題步驟

第一步：讀文章的第一句話或者第一段，總結(jié)文章的主題；

第二步：閱讀試題，找出全部五道試題中的標(biāo)志詞或關(guān)鍵詞；然后根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞或關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)每一道試

題在文章中的位置進(jìn)行定位；

第三步：對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。

練習(xí)1：

l.Muchunfriendlyfeelingtowardscomputershasbeenbasedonthefearofwidespreadunemployment

resultingfromtheirintroduction.Computersareoftenusedaspartofautomatedproductionsystems

requiringaleastpossiblenumberofoperators,causingthelossofmanyjobs.Thishashappened,for

example,inmanysteelworks.

2.Ontheotherhand,computersdocreatejobs.Theyaremoreskilledandbetterpaid,thoughfewerin

numberthanthosetheyreplace.Manyactivitiescouldnotcontinueintheirpresentformwithoutcomputers,

nomatterhowmanypeopleareemployed.Examplesarethecheckclearingsystemofmajorbanksandthe

weatherforecastingsystem.

l.Theunfriendlyfeelingtowardscomputersisdevelopedfrom.

A.thepossiblewidespreadunemploymentcausedbytheirintroduction

B.theiruseaspartofautomatedproductionsystems

C.theleastpossiblenumberofoperators

D.theproductionsysteminsteelworks

【答案】A

【解析】原文第一句話說道：對(duì)電腦的不友好感覺來自于大規(guī)模的失業(yè)帶給她

們的恐懼，只有A選項(xiàng)符合題意。本題也可采用點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)的答題方法，選項(xiàng)中只有

A選項(xiàng)中較多地出現(xiàn)原文單詞，由此可以推測(cè)出答案是A。

2.Theunderlinedword"They"(Line1,Par.2)refersto.

A.computers

B.jobs

C.activities

□.systems

【答案】A

【解析】原文第二段第一行說道：另外一方面，計(jì)算機(jī)創(chuàng)造了一些崗位。一般

來說，代詞指代的都是他前面句子中的名詞，在前一句中，有兩個(gè)名詞，分別

是計(jì)算機(jī)和崗位。而這句話是說“他的技術(shù)更加?jì)故觳⑶屹?gòu)買時(shí)價(jià)格更加合理”，

因此應(yīng)該是指代計(jì)算機(jī)。由此可以推測(cè)出答案是A。

2.Ontheotherhand,computersdocreatejobs.Theyaremoreskilledandbetterpaid,thoughfewerin

numberthanthosetheyreplace.Manyactivitiescouldnotcontinueintheirpresentformwithoutcomputers,

nomatterhowmanypeopleareemployed.Examplesarethecheckclearingsystemofmajorbanksandthe

weatherforecastingsystem.

3.Whenafirmintroducescomputers,afewpeopleareusuallyemployedinkeyposts(suchasjobsof

operationsmanagers)whileotherstaffarere-trainedasoperators,programmers,anddatapreparationstaff.

Afterthenewsystemhassettleddownpeopleinnon-computerjobsarenotalwaysreplacedwhenthey

leave,resultinginadecreaseinthenumberofemployees.Thisdecreaseissometimesbalancedbya

substantialincreaseintheactivityofthefirm,resultingfromtheintroductionofcomputers.

4.Theattitudesofworkerstowardscomputersvary.Thereisfearofwidespreadunemploymentandofthe

takeoverofmanyjobsbycomputer-trainedworkers,makingpromotionforolderworkersnotskilledin

computersmoredifficult.

5.0ntheotherhand,manyworkersregardthetrendtowardwideruseofcomputersinevitable.Theyrealize

thatcomputersbringaboutgreaterefficiencyandproductivity,whichwillimprovetheconditionofthe

wholeeconomy,andleadtothecreationofmorejobs.ThisviewwassupportedbytheformerBritish

PrimeMinister,JamesCallaghanin1979,whenhemadethepointthatnewtechnologiesholdthekeyto

increasedproductivity,whichwillbenefittheeconomyinthelongrun.

3.AccordingtoParagraph2,withoutcomputers.

A.humanactivitiescouldnotcontinue

B.therecouldnotbeweatherforecastingsystems

C.manyactivitieswouldhavetochangetheirpresentform

D.bankswouldnotbeabletogoonwithcheckclearing

【答案】C

【解析】從第二段中Manyactivitiescouldnotcontinueintheirpresentformwithout

computers(沒有計(jì)算機(jī)的話許多活動(dòng)不能以他們現(xiàn)在的形勢(shì)進(jìn)行下去)可以找

到答案。A屬于斷章取義，意思不完整，B、D與題目無關(guān)。所以答案選C。

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatresultsfromtheintroductionofcomputers?

A.Afterre-training,allemployeesinthefirmgetnewjobs.

B.Aconsiderableproportionofpeopleareemployedinkeyposts.

C.Thefirmkeepsallofitsoriginalstaffmembers.

D.Thedecreaseinstaffmembersmaybebalancedbytheincreaseoffirmactivities.

【答案】D

【解析】從第三段最后一句話Thisdecreaseissometimesbalancedbyasubstantial

increaseintheactivityofthefirm,resultingfromtheintroductionofcomputers.可矢口

題目答案是D。

5JamesCallaghan'sattitudetowardscomputerscanbebestdescribedas.

A.doubtful

B.regretful

C.unfriendly

0.supportive

【答案】D

【解析】第五段中ThisviewwassupportedbytheformerBritishPrimeMinister,

JamesCallaghanin1979說明JamesCallaghan是支持這種觀點(diǎn)的，第五段首句就

說明了這種觀點(diǎn)是大家認(rèn)同計(jì)算機(jī)的大規(guī)模使用是不可避免的。所以答案選D。

練習(xí)2：

1.Televisionhasopenedwindowsineverybody'slife.Youngmenwillneveragaingotowarastheydidin

1914.Millionsofpeoplenowhaveseentheeffectsofabattle.Andtheresulthasbeenageneraldislikeof

war,andperhapsmoreinterestinhelpingthosewhosufferfromalltheteiTiblethingsthathavebeen

shownonthescreen.

2.Televisionhasalsochangedpolitics.Themostdistantareascannowfollowstateaffairs,seeandhearthe

politiciansbeforeanelection.Betterinformed,peoplearemorelikelytovote,andsotomaketheiropinion

count.

3.Unfortunately,television'sinfluencehasbeenextremelyharmfultotheyoung.Childrendonothave

enoughexperiencetorealizethatTVshowspresentanunrealworld;thatTVadvertisementslietosell

productsthataresometimesbadoruseless.Theybelievethattheviolencetheyseeisnormaland

acceptable.Alleducatorsagreethatthe''televisiongenerations"aremoreviolentthantheirparentsand

grandparents.

4.Also,theyoungarelesspatient.UsedtoTVshows,whereeverythingisquickandinteresting,theydo

nothavethepatiencetoreadanarticlewithoutpictures;toreadabookthatrequiresthinking;tolistentoa

teacherwhodoesn'tdofunnythingslikethepeopleonchildren'sprograms.Andtheyexpectallproblems

tobesolvedhappilyinten,fifteen,orthirtyminutes.That?sthetimeittakesonthescreen.

l.Inthepast,manyyoungpeople.

A.knewtheeffectsofwar

B.wentinforpolitics

C.likedtosavethewoundedinwars

D.werewillingtobesoldiers

【答案】D

【解析】題干的題意其實(shí)是在問：在過去，許多的年輕人對(duì)待戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的態(tài)度是怎

樣的。通過閱讀第一段可知，現(xiàn)在的年輕人通過看電視了解了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的殘酷性，

他們?cè)僖膊幌胂襁^去那樣，年輕人都愿意去參兵加入戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，因此本題應(yīng)該選D,

需要反過來思考。

2.NowwithTVpeoplecan.

A.discusspoliticsataninformationcenter

B.showmoreinterestinpolitics

C.maketheirowndecisionsonpoliticalaffairs

0.expresstheiropinionsfreely

【答案】B

【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)考查加推斷題。根據(jù)Betterinformed,peoplearemorelikelyto

vote,andsotomaketheiropinioncount.句意為：有了電視機(jī)之后，人們可以關(guān)注

政治局勢(shì)的進(jìn)展，更有可能去參與這些活動(dòng)，也就是說人們對(duì)政治更加的感興

趣，故應(yīng)該選擇B。

3.TheauthorthinksthatTVadvertisements.

A.arenotreliableonthewhole

B.areuselesstopeople

C.areagoodguidetoadults

D.areveryharmfultotheyoung

【答案】D

【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)考查題。由第三段第二句話Childrendonothaveenough

experiencetorealizethatTVshowspresentanunrealworld;thatTVadvertisements

lietosellproductsthataresometimesbadoruseless.可以知道，電視廣告為了銷售

一些不好或者無用的商品有時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)觀眾撒謊，可是年輕人往往不能識(shí)破真相，

因此應(yīng)該選Do

4.WhichisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Peoplehavebecomeusedtocrimesnow.

B.WithaTVsetsomeproblemscanbesolvedquickly.

C.Peoplenowliketoreadbookswithpictures.

D.Theadultsarelessviolentthantheyoung.

【答案】B

【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)考查加推斷題。由文章的第三段和第四段可知A、C、D三

個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是正確的，唯有選項(xiàng)B是不符合原文的，因此B項(xiàng)是不正確的。

5.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat.

A.childrenshouldkeepawayfromTV

B.TVprogramsshouldbeimproved

C.children'sbooksshouldhavepictures

D.TVhasadeepinfluenceontheyoung

【答案】D

【解析】本題為推斷能力考查題。其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都部分涉及到與文章相關(guān)的內(nèi)

容，但是D項(xiàng)概括得更準(zhǔn)確、更全面，故為正確答案。

四、考試中遇到的問題及其解決辦法

問題1：讀懂了問題，找到了試題中的關(guān)鍵詞，但找不到試題在文章中的位置。

原因：出題人對(duì)試題的題干進(jìn)行了改寫，沒有使用文章中的原句，而是對(duì)主要的單詞進(jìn)行了同義詞

替換。

答題方法：注意試題里面的關(guān)鍵詞，再在文章中尋找是否出現(xiàn)了它的同義詞；同時(shí)使用模糊定位法,

因?yàn)樵囶}的順序和文章的順序是一致的。

例1：

1.1hearmanyparentscomplainthattheirteenagechildrenarerebelling.Iwishitwereso.Atyourageyou

oughttobegrowingaway,fromyourparents.Youshouldbelearningtostandonyourownfeet.Buttakea

goodlookatthepresentrebellion.Itseemsthatteenagersarealltakingthesamewayofshowingthatthey

disagreewiththeirparents.Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareholdingone

another*shandsforreassurance（放心）.

2.Theyclaimtheywanttodressastheyplease.Buttheyallwearthesameclothes.Theysetoffinnew

directionsinmusic.Buttheyallenduplisteningtothesamerecord.Theirreasonforthinkingoractingin

suchawayisthatthecrowdisdoingit.Theyhavecomeoutoftheircocoon（繭）intoalargercocoon.

1.（五道試題中的第一題）

Accordingtotheauthor,manyteenagersthinktheyarebraveenoughtoactontheirown,butinfactmost

ofthem.

A.havemuchdifficultyunderstandingeachother

B.lackconfidence

C.darenotcopewithanyproblemsalone

D.areverymuchafraidofgettinglost

【答案】B

【解析】原文第一段第四行提到，作者支持孩子的反叛，但是現(xiàn)在的孩子卻缺

乏反叛，都用同樣的方式來表達(dá)對(duì)父母的反駁。也就是說他們?nèi)狈ψ孕?。由?/p>

可以推測(cè)出答案是B。

五、如何通過選項(xiàng)猜答案

1.概括性原則

在答案選項(xiàng)分析中，假如A選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容概括了其它三項(xiàng)（或其中某一項(xiàng)）的內(nèi)容，那么我們就說選

項(xiàng)A