山東省威海市2023-2024學年高一下學期期末考試英語試題（解析版）

高一英語本試卷共10頁。滿分150分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、座號、考生號等填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandotomorrow?A.Donateforthecharity.B.Goonacharitywalk.C.Visitthefloodvictims.2.Howmuchisthetelephonebillthismonth?A.$30.B.$100.C.$130.3.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Turnoffthefan.B.Leavetheoffice.C.Setoffthealarm.4.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atarestaurant.B.Inahospital.C.Overthephone.5.Whydidthemanworkatthecharityatfirst?A.Tohelpthehomeless.B.Todoacollegeproject.C.Togetworkexperience.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6和第7題。6.Howlonghasthemanbeeninpain?A.Forfivedays.B.Foroneweek.C.Fortwoweeks.7.Whosuggestedthemedicinetotheman?A.Hisfriend.B.Hisdoctor.C.Hiscoach.聽下面一段對話，回答第8和第9題。8.Wherearethespeakersnow?A.Inacafé.B.Inanoffice.C.Inaclassroom.9.WhatdoesJimdo?A.Heisalawyer.B.Heisateacher.C.Heisanengineer.聽下面一段對話，回答第10至第12題。10.Whobegantoworkaftergraduation?A.Thewoman’sbrother.B.Thewoman’smother.C.Thewoman’sfather.11.Wheredoesthewomanwanttowork?A.Atajuniorschool.B.Ataseniorschool.C.Atauniversity.12.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Makealistofheroptions.B.Askherteacherforadvice.C.Trytochangeherfather’smind.聽下面一段對話，回答第13至第16題。13.Wherewasthewomanwhenthemansawher?A.Onthehighway.B.Inthetravelagency.C.Onthestreet.14.Whydidn’tthewomanbookonline?A.Tohelphersister.B.Tosavesomemoney.C.Togetmoreinformation.15.Whatisthewoman’smainconcernabouthertrip?A.Thelongflight.B.Thehotelquality.C.ThefoodinThailand.16.Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?A.Takecareofhercats.B.Buyheragift.C.Waterherplants.聽下面一段獨白，回答第17至第20題。17.Whatseasonisit?A.Summer.B.Fall.C.Winter.18.Whatwilltheclassdothisafternoon?A.VisittheSeaLifeCenter.B.Practicemathandspelling.C.Learnabouttheirsciencetopic.19.Howmuchwilleachstudentpayforthetrip?A.￡5.00.B.￡10.00.C.￡20.00.20.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Anoticeaboutaschooltrip.B.Anintroductiontoanewlesson.C.Apresentationaboutseapollution.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AHorseshavealwaysheldaspecialplaceintheheartsofmanyfamousartists.Let’sexploresomeofthemostwell-knownpaintingsofhorsesbyfamousartists.ChineseHorseatLascauxCaveThisChineseHorsepaintingwasfirstdiscoveredin1940attheprehistoriccaveartsites,Lascaux,inFrance.ThepaintingearneditsnameforlookinglikethestyleofaSungChinesepaintingofahorse.Earlyartistscreatedtheirownpaintbrushesfromanimalskinandhairandalsoemployedaspray(噴灑)paintingtechniqueusingahollow(空心的)reedtoblowpigmentthrough.WhistlejacketWhistlejacketdepictsalife-sizedracehorseagainstaplainbackground.Oneofthemostuniquefeaturesofthispaintingisthatitdoesnotsituatethehorseinanyparticularlocation.Rather,itfocusesonlyonthedetailsandcharacterofthehorseinquestion.Inaway,Stubbscapturesthespiritofthehorsethatsuggestsfreedomofspirit,nottiedtoanybackgroundorenvironment,whichmakesthishorsepaintingquitespecialforitstime.HorseFrightenedbyLightningInHorseFrightenedbyLightning,awhitehorseisfrightenedbythelightning,standingonitshindlegsinastorm.Thedaringcolorchoicesanddetailedbrushworkcapturesthereactionoftheanimalwithcare,showingpanicandterror.Theunpleasantweatherishighlightedbythestrongcontrastcreatedbetweenthehorseandthedarkblackandgraycloudsthatcovertheentiresky.ThesymbolismfoundinmostRomantichorsepaintingsincludesthemesofpassion,power,nobility,andintenseemotion.1.WhatdoweknowaboutChineseHorse?A.Itemployedcolorsdaringly.B.Itwaspaintedonanimalskins.C.ItwasaSungChinesepainting.D.Itusedaspraypaintingapproach.2.WhatthemeiscommonlyfoundinRomantichorsepaintings?A.Freedomofspirit. B.Strongemotion.C.Connectionwithanimals. D.Powerofnature.3.Wheremightthetextbetakenfrom?A.Anartmagazinearticle. B.Anartfestivalguide.C.Anartexhibitionposter. D.Anarthistorylecture.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了馬在許多著名藝術(shù)家的心中一直占有特殊的地位，文章重點介紹了一些著名藝術(shù)家最著名的馬畫。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ChineseHorseatLascauxCave中“Earlyartistscreatedtheirownpaintbrushesfromanimalskinandhairandalsoemployedaspray(噴灑)paintingtechniqueusingahollow(空心的)reedtoblowpigmentthrough.”（早期的藝術(shù)家們用動物的皮膚和毛發(fā)制作了他們自己的畫筆，也采用了一種用中空蘆葦吹顏料的噴灑繪畫技術(shù)。）可知，中國馬畫使用了一種噴灑的方法。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HorseFrightenedbyLightning中“ThesymbolismfoundinmostRomantichorsepaintingsincludesthemesofpassion,power,nobility,andintenseemotion.”（在大多數(shù)浪漫主義的馬畫中發(fā)現(xiàn)的象征主義包括激情、權(quán)力、高貴和強烈的情感。）可知，浪漫主義馬畫中常見的主題是強烈的情感。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段“Horseshavealwaysheldaspecialplaceintheheartsofmanyfamousartists.Let’sexploresomeofthemostwell-knownpaintingsofhorsesbyfamousartists.”（馬在許多著名藝術(shù)家的心中一直占有特殊的地位。讓我們來探索一些著名藝術(shù)家最著名的馬畫。）可知，文章主要講的是一些著名藝術(shù)家最著名的馬畫。由此可推知，這篇文章可能出自一篇藝術(shù)雜志文章。故選A項。BWhileWestAfrica’sBeninapproachesitsrainyseason,occasionalshowersandstickyhotweatherhavedonelittletolessentheenthusiasmoflocalvillagerswhogatheredtowatchthefirstBeninVillageSuperLeague.SoccerteamsfromtwovillagesinParakou,acentralcityinBenin,competedonasoccerfieldnearthebaseoftheChinesesupportmissionforcottonproductioninBenin,inBelleCiteVillage.Forthepastdecade,theChina-assistedcottontechnologyprojecthasbeenactiveinParakou,amajorcotton-producingregioninBenin.Thelong-termtechnicalassistancehasbuiltstrongrelationshipswithvillagers.Whentheprojectteamlearnedthattheformersoccerfieldhadbeenexpropriated(征用),theydecidedtobuildanewoneusingagriculturalmachineryandrecycledmaterials.Lastsummer,videosofsomesoccermatchesinRongjiangcounty,SouthwestChina’sGuizhouprovince,wentpopularandattractedworldwidetourists.Inspiredbythis,theVillageSuperLeagueinParakouincludesculturalperformancesduringhalftime,featuringChinesemartialartsandBeninesedance.“LocalslovesoccerandIwantedtobringthismodelhereandsetupasimilarleague,”saidShouXiaoyong,headoftheChinesetechnicalteam.NamedtheFriendshipFootballField,thenewfacilitywasopenedinMarchlastyear.ItquicklybecamethepreferredplaceforsocceramongvillagersinBelleCiteandnearbyareas,hostingregularmatches,especiallyduringagriculturaldowntimes.Asthetournamentprogressed,itspopularityrose.Villagersfromsurroundingareastraveledonmotorcycleswiththeirchildrentowatchthematches.YvesKoba,theheadofBelleCiteVillage,praisedtheVillageSuperLeagueforpromoting(促進)communicationandfriendshipamongvillages.“Theleaguehasmadeusmoreunited.Ihopeitcontinuesandthatourvillagersachieveevenbetterresultsnextyear.”4.WhathascausedexcitementamongthevillagersinParakou?A.Thefirstvillageleague. B.TheChina-assistedproject.C.Thenewly-builtfootballfield. D.Thestartoftheharvestseason.5ForwhatreasonwastheFriendshipFootballFieldbuilt?A.Toattractworldwidetourists. B.Toprovideaplaceforsoccerlovers.C.Toinspirelocals’loveforsoccer. D.TobringChinesecultureintofocus.6.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.HowpopularfootballisinBenin.B.Howthenewfootballfieldwasbuilt.C.WhatBeninVillageSuperLeagueislike.D.WhyChinesevillageleaguemodelwasintroduced.7.WhatdoesYvesKobathinkoftheVillageSuperLeagueinBenin?A.Itbringsinhugemoney. B.Itpromotescross-culturalexchanges.C.Itformsanewtradition. D.Itstrengthensfriendshipamongvillages.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在中國援助下，貝寧的一個村莊如何通過足球聯(lián)賽加強社區(qū)凝聚力和文化交流的故事?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“WhileWestAfrica’sBeninapproachesitsrainyseason,occasionalshowersandstickyhotweatherhavedonelittletolessentheenthusiasmoflocalvillagerswhogatheredtowatchthefirstBeninVillageSuperLeague.(雖然西非的貝寧即將進入雨季，但偶爾的陣雨和悶熱的天氣絲毫沒有影響聚集在一起觀看第一屆貝寧鄉(xiāng)村超級聯(lián)賽的當?shù)卮迕竦臒崆?”可知，第一屆鄉(xiāng)村聯(lián)賽讓帕拉庫的村民感到興奮。故選A項。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“ “LocalslovesoccerandIwantedtobringthismodelhereandsetupasimilarleague,”saidShouXiaoyong,headoftheChinesetechnicalteam.(“當?shù)厝藷釔圩闱颍蚁氚堰@種模式帶到這里，建立一個類似的聯(lián)賽，”中國技術(shù)團隊負責人首曉勇說)”和第四段“NamedtheFriendshipFootballField,thenewfacilitywasopenedinMarchlastyear.ItquicklybecamethepreferredplaceforsocceramongvillagersinBelleCiteandnearbyareas,hostingregularmatches,especiallyduringagriculturaldowntimes.(這個名為“友誼足球場”的新設(shè)施于去年3月投入使用。它很快成為BelleCite及附近地區(qū)村民的首選足球場地，定期舉辦比賽，特別是在農(nóng)閑時節(jié)。)”可知，建友誼足球場的目的是為足球愛好者提供一個場所。故選B項?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容“Lastsummer,videosofsomesoccermatchesinRongjiangcounty,SouthwestChina’sGuizhouprovince,wentpopularandattractedworldwidetourists.Inspiredbythis,theVillageSuperLeagueinParakouincludesculturalperformancesduringhalftime,featuringChinesemartialartsandBeninesedance.“LocalslovesoccerandIwantedtobringthismodelhereandsetupasimilarleague,”saidShouXiaoyong,headoftheChinesetechnicalteam.(去年夏天，中國西南部貴州省榕江縣的一些足球比賽視頻變得非常流行，并吸引了來自世界各地的游客。受到這一點的啟發(fā)，帕拉庫的鄉(xiāng)村超級聯(lián)賽在中場休息時加入了文化表演，其中包括中國的武術(shù)和貝寧的傳統(tǒng)舞蹈?！爱?shù)厝藷釔圩闱?，我想把這種模式帶到這里，建立一個類似的聯(lián)賽，”中國技術(shù)團隊負責人首曉勇說)”可知，第三段主要是說為什么要引進中國鄉(xiāng)村聯(lián)賽模式。故選D項。【7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的句子“YvesKoba,theheadofBelleCiteVillage,praisedtheVillageSuperLeagueforpromoting( 促進 )communicationandfriendshipamongvillages.“Theleaguehasmadeusmoreunited.Ihopeitcontinuesandthatourvillagersachieveevenbetterresultsnextyear.”(BelleCite村村長伊夫·科巴稱贊鄉(xiāng)村超級聯(lián)賽促進了村莊之間的交流和友誼?！奥?lián)賽讓我們更加團結(jié)。我希望它能繼續(xù)下去，我們的村民明年能取得更好的成績?！?”可知，科巴認為聯(lián)賽加強了村莊之間的友誼。故選D項。CEveryyear,travelersheadtoSouthAmericatobeamazedatthevastglaciers,hugeopenskiesandhighmountains.ButatOmoraEthnobotanicalParkonTierradelFuego,visitorsareencouragedtothinksmall.TierradelFuego,aremoteislandatthetipofSouthAmerica,mightofferlittleintermsofanimalsandtrees,butwhenitcomestobryophytes(苔蘚植物),itisamongtherichestcornersoftheplanet.Intheareathatcoverslessthan0.01%oftheEarth’slandsurface,morethan5%oftheworld’sbryophytespeciesisfound.Onenteringthepark,you’regivenamagnifyinglens(放大鏡).Guidedbyplantexperts,youareinvitedtogetdownonyourhandsandkneestoexplorethelittle-knownworldofTierradelFuego’s“miniatureforests”—thebryophytesthatcovertherocksandtrees.Focusiskey:asyoutiptoethroughthepark,itiseasytomissorevensteponthem.Iwonderedhowinterestingmossescouldbe.ButwhenIgotupclose,theystartedtocometolife.Shapesandcoloursappearedthatwerenotvisibletothenakedeye.Oneplantwasbrightyellow,whileanotherwasgreenwithabrightredtiplikealittlehat.OneofthestrangestplantsisOldMan’sBeard,whichlookslikethinnoodlesandhangsoffthetreesinwebs.AccordingtomyguideLilyLewis,itplaysanimportantroleinthegrowthoftheforest,capturingnutrients(營養(yǎng))andsaltsblowninontheoceanwind.OldMan’sBeardisextremelyvulnerabletopollution,andhasallbutdisappearedacrossmuchoftheplanet.ButinTierradelFuego,wheretheairandrainareamongthecleanestontheplanet,itgrowswildly.“Thehandlensisyourentrypointintotheworldoftheminiatureforests,”Lewissaid.“Lookingthroughalensremindsyouthatthereareotherviewpointsfromwhichwecanseetheworld.”8.WhichtitlebestdescribesTierradelFuego?A.Awonderlandfortinyplants. B.Auniqueplaceforrarespecies.C.Atopdestinationforhikinglovers. D.Aremotelandwithdifferentlandscapes.9.WhatqualityishighlyvaluedwhileexploringOmoraEthnobotanicalPark?A.Curiosityandcreativity. B.Quicknessandconfidence.C.Calmnessandattentiveness. D.Determinationandcourage.10.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“vulnerable”?A.Sensitive. B.Adaptable. C.Beneficial. D.Resistant.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Eco-tourisminTierradelFuego B.AnEncounterwithOldMan’sBeardC.ATinyForestontheTipoftheWorld D.StartYourJourneyofDiscovery,Now!【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了火地島的奧莫拉民族植物公園里的苔蘚植物組成了一個微型森林世界?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“TierradelFuego,aremoteislandatthetipofSouthAmerica,mightofferlittleintermsofanimalsandtrees,butwhenitcomestobryophytes(苔蘚植物),itisamongtherichestcornersoftheplanet.Intheareathatcoverslessthan0.01%oftheEarth’slandsurface,morethan5%oftheworld’sbryophytespeciesisfound.(火地島是南美洲的一個偏遠島嶼，在動物和樹木方面可能很少，但說到苔蘚植物，它是地球上最豐富的角落之一。在地球陸地面積不到0.01%的地區(qū)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了世界上超過5%的苔蘚植物物種)”可知，火地島雖小，但擁有世界上超過5%的苔蘚植物物種，“火地島是小植物的仙境”適合做標題。故選A。【9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Focusiskey:asyoutiptoethroughthepark,itiseasytomissorevensteponthem.(集中注意力是關(guān)鍵：當你躡手躡腳地穿過公園時，很容易錯過甚至踩到它們)”可知，在探索奧莫拉民族植物公園時，冷靜和專注是最重要的。故選C?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ButinTierradelFuego,wheretheairandrainareamongthecleanestontheplanet,itgrowswildly.(但在火地島，那里的空氣和雨水是地球上最干凈的，它瘋狂地生長)”以及劃線詞句“OldMan’sBeardisextremely

vulnerable

topollution,andhasallbutdisappearedacrossmuchoftheplanet.(OldMan’sBeard對污染極其vulnerable，幾乎在地球的大部分地區(qū)都消失了)”可知，火地島環(huán)境非常好，OldMan’sBeard在火地島生長得很好，說明對污染很敏感，在地球上的大部分地區(qū)幾乎都消失了。故劃線詞意思是“敏感的”。故選A。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Onenteringthepark,you’regivenamagnifyinglens(放大鏡).Guidedbyplantexperts,youareinvitedtogetdownonyourhandsandkneestoexplorethelittle-knownworldofTierradelFuego’s“miniatureforests”—thebryophytesthatcovertherocksandtrees.(一進入公園，你就會得到一個放大鏡。在植物專家的指導下，您將被邀請跪下來探索火地島鮮為人知的“微型森林”世界——覆蓋在巖石和樹木上的苔蘚植物)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了火地島的奧莫拉民族植物公園里的苔蘚植物組成了一個微型森林世界?？芍?，C選項“世界之巔的小森林”最符合文章標題。故選C。DThetimeforactionisnow,atleastwhenitcomestoclimatechange.Ifwedon’ttakemeasuresthatlimitglobalwarming,itmaybeimpossibletostopitsprogress,accordingtoastudypublishedin2018.Thestudyclaimsthatin2035,wewillcrossapointofnoreturn—afterwhichitwillbeextremelyunlikelythatwecanstopEarth’stemperaturefromrisingby2degreesCelsius(2℃)andkickingoffdangerousglobaldisasters.The2℃markisveryimportantforEarth’swell-being.Oncetheplanetwarmsanadditional2℃,scientistspredictarangeofdisastrouseffects,fromwidespreadfloodingincoastalareastoburningheatwavesandextremestorms.Oneimportantareathatcouldslowthemovementtowardapointofnoreturnin2035isthechangingfromfossilfuels(礦物燃料)torenewableenergysources.Buteventhiswillrequiresignificantprogress.Scientistshavefiguredthattheshareofrenewablesworldwidemustgrowbyatleast2percenteachyearinordertoslowtheprocesstowardclimatechange.Twopercentayearmaynotsoundlikemuch,butinthe20yearsleadingupto2017,thepercentageofenergyfromrenewablesgrewbyapoortotalof3.6percent.Thereishope,though.Iftheuseofrenewableenergyweretogobeyondthescientists’model,sayby5percentpereachyear,theclimatechangedeadline(最后期限)couldmovebackbyatleastadecade,theresearchersnote.Also,developingtechnologytoremovegreenhousegasesfromtheatmospherecouldhelpslowclimatechange.ThesegaseschangeEarth’satmosphereandallowittocapturemoreheatfromthesunandcausetemperaturestorise.“Wehopethat‘havingadeadline’maystimulatethesenseofurgencytoactforpolicymakers,”HenkDijkstra,oneofthestudyauthors,said.“Verylittletimeisleft.”12.WhatmighthappenoncetheEarthwarmsanadditional2℃?A.Theclimatesystemwillberebuilt.B.Globalwarmingisuncontrollable.C.Naturaldisastersbecomeunavoidable.D.Timelyactionwillnolongerbenecessary.13.Whatdoestheunderlined“this”inparagraph4referto?A.Theadvancesofscientificresearch.B.Theshiftfromfossilfuelstorenewables.C.Theprocessofslowingdownclimatechange.D.Theincreaseofpublicenvironmentalawareness.14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?AThelimitationofscientists’model.B.Possiblesolutionstoslowingclimatechange.C.Thevalueofthe‘pointofnoreturn’concept.D.SeriouseffectsofgreenhousegasesonEarth.15.Whydotheresearcherssetadeadline?A.Tostresstheneedofglobalcooperation.B.Tocallonpeopletouserenewableenergy.C.Tourgepolicymakerstotakeimmediateaction.D.Toshowtheirdeterminationtostopglobalwarming.【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要描述了全球變暖的發(fā)展趨勢和即將產(chǎn)生的危害，并敦促決策者要立即采取行動加以應(yīng)對?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Oncetheplanetwarmsanadditional2℃,scientistspredictarangeofdisastrouseffects,fromwidespreadfloodingincoastalareastoburningheatwavesandextremestorms.”(科學家們預測，一旦地球溫度再升高2攝氏度，就會產(chǎn)生一系列災(zāi)難性的影響，從沿海地區(qū)的大范圍洪水到燃燒的熱浪和極端風暴。)可知，一旦地球溫度再升高2℃，就很可能無法避免地發(fā)生自然災(zāi)害。故選C?！?3題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“Oneimportantareathatcouldslowthemovementtowardapointofnoreturnin2035isthechangingfromfossilfuels(礦物燃料)torenewableenergysources.”(一個可能會減緩2035年走向不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的臨界點的重要領(lǐng)域，是從化石燃料到可再生能源的轉(zhuǎn)變。)和劃線詞所在句“Buteventhiswillrequiresignificantprogress.”(但甚至這樣也需要取得重大進展。)可知，“this”指的是上句所提到的“thechangingfromfossilfuelstorenewableenergysources(從化石燃料到可再生能源的轉(zhuǎn)變)”，即theshiftfromfossilfuelstorenewables(從化石燃料到可再生能源的轉(zhuǎn)變)。故選B?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“Iftheuseofrenewableenergyweretogobeyondthescientists’model,sayby5percentpereachyear,theclimatechangedeadline(最后期限)couldmovebackbyatleastadecade,theresearchersnote.Also,developingtechnologytoremovegreenhousegasesfromtheatmospherecouldhelpslowclimatechange.”(研究人員指出，如果可再生能源的使用超過科學家的范例，比如每年增加5%，那么氣候變化的最后期限可能會推遲至少十年。此外，開發(fā)從大氣中去除溫室氣體的技術(shù)也有助于減緩氣候變化。)可知，該段主要講述了可能減緩氣候變化的解決方案。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段研究者HenkDijkstra的話“Wehopethat‘havingadeadline’maystimulatethesenseofurgencytoactforpolicymakers,”(我們希望“設(shè)定最后期限”可能會激發(fā)決策者采取行動的緊迫感)可知，研究者們設(shè)定最后期限是為了敦促決策者立即采取行動。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。IwouldfeelashamedeverytimeIreceiveanewpackage(包裹)onmydoorstep.Iknowthatbuyingnewstuffisbadfortheplanet.ButeverytimeIbuysomething,Igetsomehappinessthat’shardtogiveup.Recentlyanewbookhasgivenmenewinsights:____16____It’sthewayourbrainshaveevolved(進化).Andtheremaybeawaytobreakthecycle.Weareevolvedfromsimpleorganismsthatsurvivedbecausetheirnetworksofnervecellslearnedtorepeatrewarding(有益的)decisions.Today,wehavebillionsofactioncellsinthebrain.Theyarealwaysformingconnectionstostrengthenrewardingbehavior.____17____Weseekoutthosereleasesindopamine,andatthesametimerepeattheactionsthatleadtothem.____18____Maybeyouweren’teventhinkingaboutbuyingwatercolorpaints.Thensomethingremindedthatyoulikepainting,andyousearchedonlineandfoundtheywerelessexpensivethanyouexpected.Whentheyarrivedonyourdoorstep,theywerebetterthanyouthought.Yourbrainwillbedrawntorepeatthebehaviorthatgotyousomethingunexpectedandgood.Thebestwaytobreaktheoverbuyinghabitsisnottostopbuyingthingscompletely.____19____Imagineyou’veformedahabitofeatingchocolatebeforebedforcomfort,eventhoughyouknowyoudon’tneedthecalories.Youcantryhavingmilkwithcocoapowderasahealthierreplacement,whichprovidessimilarcomfort.Onceyoustartlosingweight,therewardofbeingabletofitintoyouroldclotheswillfeelasgoodasthechocolateoncedoes.____20____Buyinguseditemssatisfiesourdesiretoacquire.Itgivesusthesamegoodfeelingofanunexpectedrewardwithoutconsumingmoreresources.A.Weneedthatsamereplacementforshopping.B.Whetherthatapproachwouldworkisupfordebate.C.Ourbrainsespeciallylikeit,andreleasemoredopamine.D.Mydesiretokeepbuyingthingsisn’tnecessarilyapersonalfault.E.Inthisprocess,dopamineisreleased,helpinguslearnhowtoobtainareward.F.Thegoodfeelingconnectedtounexpectedrewardsispartlywhywelikeshopping.G.Abettersolutionmaybetoreplacetheold,long-termharmfulrewardswithnewones.【答案】16.D17.E18.F19.G20.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章分析了為什么人類喜歡購物以及如何改掉購物的習慣?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Recentlyanewbookhasgivenmenewinsights(最近一本新書給了我新的見解)”以及后文“It’sthewayourbrainshaveevolved(進化).(這是我們大腦進化的方式)”可知，本句承接上文，說明具體的見解內(nèi)容。故D選項“我想不停地買東西并不一定是個人的錯”符合語境，故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Today,wehavebillionsofactioncellsinthebrain.Theyarealwaysformingconnectionstostrengthenrewardingbehavior.(今天，我們的大腦中有數(shù)十億的活動細胞。它們總是形成聯(lián)系來加強獎勵行為)”以及后文“Weseekoutthosereleasesindopamine,andatthesametimerepeattheactionsthatleadtothem.(我們尋找多巴胺的釋放，同時重復導致它們的行為)”可知，本句承接上文，說明細胞形成聯(lián)系加強獎勵行為會釋放多巴胺。故E選項“在這個過程中，多巴胺被釋放，幫助我們學習如何獲得獎勵”符合語境，故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Maybeyouweren’teventhinkingaboutbuyingwatercolorpaints.Thensomethingremindedthatyoulikepainting,andyousearchedonlineandfoundtheywerelessexpensivethanyouexpected.Whentheyarrivedonyourdoorstep,theywerebetterthanyouthought.Yourbrainwillbedrawntorepeatthebehaviorthatgotyousomethingunexpectedandgood.(也許你根本沒想過買水彩顏料。然后有什么東西提醒你喜歡畫畫，你在網(wǎng)上搜索，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們比你想象的要便宜。當它們來到你家門口時，它們比你想象的要好。你的大腦會被吸引去重復那些給你帶來意想不到的好東西的行為)”可知，本段主要分析了喜歡購物是因為可以帶來良好的感覺。故F選項“與意外獎勵相關(guān)的良好感覺是我們喜歡購物的部分原因”符合語境，故選F。【19題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Imagineyou’veformedahabitofeatingchocolatebeforebedforcomfort,eventhoughyouknowyoudon’tneedthecalories.Youcantryhavingmilkwithcocoapowderasahealthierreplacement,whichprovidessimilarcomfort.Onceyoustartlosingweight,therewardofbeingabletofitintoyouroldclotheswillfeelasgoodasthechocolateoncedoes.(想象一下，你已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了睡前吃巧克力的習慣，即使你知道你不需要卡路里。你可以嘗試用可可粉代替牛奶，這更健康，也能提供同樣的舒適感。一旦你開始減肥，能夠穿上舊衣服的獎勵就像巧克力曾經(jīng)給你的感覺一樣好)”可知，本段給出的建議是通過新的獎勵來代替舊的不好的獎勵。故G選項“一個更好的解決辦法可能是用新的獎勵取代舊的、長期有害的獎勵”符合語境，故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Buyinguseditemssatisfiesourdesiretoacquire.Itgivesusthesamegoodfeelingofanunexpectedrewardwithoutconsumingmoreresources.(購買二手物品滿足了我們的獲得欲望。它讓我們在不消耗更多資源的情況下獲得意想不到的獎勵)”可知，后文提到了購買二手物品來代替購物，故A選項“我們需要同樣替代的品來購物”符合語境，故選A。第三部分語言運用（共三節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。GitanjaliRaoisasophomore(大二學生)andalsoaninventor.Inhershortlife,shehasusedscientificcreativityto____21____manyreal-worldproblems.SinceGitanjaliwasin3rdgrade,shehastriedtoaddressbigsocialproblemswithher____22____.Itwasthenthatshelearnedaboutlead-pollutedwater,andtheterribleimpactithasonchildren’s____23____.Afterlotsofresearch,shemanagedtodesignadevicethatattachestoamobilephoneandcanimmediatelyidentify____24____inwater.Gitanjali’sloveofreal-worldproblemsolvingdidnot____25____there,however.Sincethen,shehasalsoinventedanapptohelppreventcyberbullying.Andanearlywarningsystemtocatchdrugaddictioninyoungadults.Buildingonherexperience,Gitanjaliwantsto____26____otherstousescienceandtechtosolvebigproblems.“Idon’tlooklikeyour____27____scientist.EverythingIseeonTVisthatit’susuallyanoldermanasascientist,”shesaid.“Mygoalhasreallyshiftedfrom____28____myowndevicestosolveproblemstoinspiringotherstodothesameaswell.Because,frompersonalexperience,it’snot____29____whenyoudon’tseeanyoneelselikeyou.SoIreallywanttoputoutthat____30____:“IfIcandoit,youcandoit,andanyonecandoit.”21.A.meetwith B.focuson C.learnfrom D.dealwith22.A.projects B.teams C.talents D.plans23.A.health B.education C.creativity D.behavior24.A.lead B.drugs C.microplastic D.minerals25.A.lie B.end C.work D.reach26.A.teach B.inspire C.advise D.remind27.A.successful B.serious C.modern D.typical28.A.fixing B.testing C.creating D.using29.A.fun B.easy C.helpful D.comfortable30.A.message B.challenge C.theory D.summary【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.A25.B26.B27.D28.C29.B30.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文，文章介紹了大二學生GitanjaliRao用自己的發(fā)明解決社會問題的故事。【21題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在她短暫的一生中，她運用科學創(chuàng)造力解決了許多現(xiàn)實問題。A.meetwith遇見；B.focuson集中注意力于；C.learnfrom從……中學習；D.dealwith處理，解決。結(jié)合空后“manyreal-worldproblems”以及下文“addressbigsocialproblems”可知，GitanjaliRao用創(chuàng)意解決現(xiàn)實問題，故選D?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：自從Gitanjali上三年級以來，她就試圖用自己的才能解決重大的社會問題。A.projects項目，工程；B.teams團隊；C.talents才能，天賦；D.plans計劃。根據(jù)上文“shehasusedscientificcreativity”可知，她用科學創(chuàng)意解決問題，即自己的才能，故選C?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就在那時，她了解到鉛污染的水，以及它對兒童健康的可怕影響。A.health健康；B.education教育；C.creativity創(chuàng)造力；D.behavior行為。根據(jù)上文“shelearnedaboutlead-pollutedwater”可知，她了解到鉛污染的水，應(yīng)是對兒童的健康產(chǎn)生影響，故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過大量的研究，她設(shè)法設(shè)計了一種可以附著在手機上的設(shè)備，可以立即識別水中的鉛。A.lead鉛；B.drugs藥物，毒品；C.microplastic微塑料；D.minerals礦物質(zhì)。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)ead-pollutedwater”可知，她是要解決鉛污染的問題，故她發(fā)明的設(shè)備可以檢測水中的鉛，故選A。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，Gitanjali對解決現(xiàn)實問題的熱愛并沒有就此結(jié)束。A.lie平躺，撒謊；B.end結(jié)束；C.work工作；D.reach到達。結(jié)合下文“Sincethen,shehasalsoinventedanapptohelppreventcyberbullying.”可知，她對解決現(xiàn)實問題的熱愛并沒有就此結(jié)束，故選B。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：基于她的經(jīng)驗，Gitanjali希望激勵其他人使用科學技術(shù)來解決大問題。A.teach教；B.inspire鼓舞，激勵；C.advise建議；D.remind提醒。根據(jù)下文“inspiringotherstodothesameaswell”可知，她希望激勵其他人使用科學技術(shù)來解決大問題，故選B?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我看起來不像典型的科學家。A.successful成功的；B.serious嚴肅的；C.modern現(xiàn)代的；D.typical典型的。根據(jù)下文“EverythingIseeonTVisthatit’susuallyanoldermanasascientist”可知，科學家通常是年紀較大的人，Gitanjali是一名大二的學生，故看起來不像典型的科學家，故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的目標已經(jīng)從創(chuàng)造自己的設(shè)備來解決問題轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榧钇渌艘策@樣做。A.fixing修理；B.testing測試；C.creating創(chuàng)造；D.using使用。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容以及文章首句中“aninventor”可知，Gitanjali是一名發(fā)明家，故發(fā)明、創(chuàng)造設(shè)備來解決問題，故選C?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：因為，從我個人的經(jīng)驗來看，當你看不到和你一樣的人時，這并不容易。A.fun有趣的；B.easy容易的；C.helpful有幫助的；D.comfortable舒服的。根據(jù)上文“inspiringotherstodothesameaswell”以及空后“whenyoudon’tseeanyoneelselikeyou”可知，Gitanjali想要激勵其他人也這樣做，說明只靠個人發(fā)明來解決問題很困難，所以她希望有更多人和她一樣，故選B?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以我真的很想傳達這樣的信息：“如果我能做到，你也能做到，任何人都能做到?！盇.message信息；B.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；C.theory理論