職稱英語基礎(chǔ)知識點(diǎn)講解大全

目錄

一、職稱英語報(bào)考指南1

二、職稱英語考試技巧3

三、閱讀練習(xí)49

［職稱英語］

知識點(diǎn)講解大全

2019年2月15日

一、職稱英語報(bào)考指南

?報(bào)名時間

每年11月中下旬（雙休日除外），逾期不再補(bǔ)報(bào)。

?考試時間

全國專業(yè)技術(shù)人員職稱英語等級考試一般為每年4月的第二個星期日舉行

?考試級別/適用范圍

以下是全國職稱外語等級考試級別劃分及適用范圍，請大家根據(jù)自己的職稱英語要求選

擇報(bào)考。

考試等級申報(bào)職稱職稱系列A級B級C級

高校教師教授、副教授講師

自然科學(xué)研究與社會科學(xué)研究研究員、副研究員助理研究員社會科學(xué)研究（研究員、副

研究員第二外語）

衛(wèi)生技術(shù)（醫(yī)、藥、護(hù)、技）主任醫(yī)（藥、護(hù)、技）師副主任醫(yī)（藥、護(hù)、技）師⑴主治（管）

醫(yī)（藥、護(hù)、技）師⑵在縣及縣以下所屬單位工作的人員申報(bào)正、副主任醫(yī)（藥、護(hù)、技）

師，在縣及縣以下所屬單位工作的人員申報(bào)主治（管）醫(yī)（藥、護(hù)、技）師。

工程技術(shù)高級工程師（含教授級高級工程師）⑴工程師⑵在縣及縣以下所屬單位工作

的人員申報(bào)高級工程師（含教授級高級工程師）⑵在縣及縣以下所屬單位工作的人員申報(bào)工

程師。

農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣研究員高級農(nóng)藝師農(nóng)藝師

實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)高級實(shí)驗(yàn)師實(shí)驗(yàn)師

中學(xué)教師中學(xué)高級教師

中等專業(yè)學(xué)校教師高級講師講師

技工學(xué)校教師高級講師（高級實(shí)習(xí)指導(dǎo)教師）講師

經(jīng)濟(jì)專業(yè)高級國際商務(wù)師高級經(jīng)濟(jì)師國際商務(wù)師經(jīng)濟(jì)師助理國際商務(wù)師

會計(jì)專業(yè)高級會計(jì)師會計(jì)師

統(tǒng)計(jì)專業(yè)高級統(tǒng)計(jì)師統(tǒng)計(jì)師

審計(jì)專業(yè)高級審計(jì)師審計(jì)師

體育教練員國家級教練高級教練一級教練

工藝美術(shù)專業(yè)高級工藝美術(shù)師工藝美術(shù)師

翻譯專業(yè)譯審、副譯審（第二外語）翻譯（第二外語）

播音專業(yè)播音指導(dǎo)主任播音員一級播音員

新聞專業(yè)高級記者（高級編輯）主任記者（主任編輯）記者（編輯）

藝術(shù)（廣播電視藝術(shù)）藝術(shù)一級藝術(shù)二級、主任舞臺技師藝術(shù)三級、舞臺技師

出版專業(yè)編審副編審編輯（一級校對）

文博專業(yè)、圖書資料專業(yè)、檔案專業(yè)研究館員副研究館員館員

公證員一級公證員二級公證員三級公證員

律師一級律師二級律師三級律師

?報(bào)考類別的選擇

綜合類，理工類，衛(wèi)生類考試原則上沒有嚴(yán)格的界限。綜合類文章可以考到理工類去，

理工類可以考到衛(wèi)生類和綜合類。三類考試之間沒有嚴(yán)格界限區(qū)分。國家在每位考生評定職

稱的時候，到底要求是理工類成績，衛(wèi)生類成績，基本上國家還沒有明確規(guī)定。假如你評定

主任醫(yī)師，衛(wèi)生類職稱，你可以考綜合類，也可以考衛(wèi)生類。嚴(yán)格意義上沒有很嚴(yán)格的要求。

到底決定報(bào)綜合類，理工類，還是衛(wèi)生類，有兩個依據(jù)。首先問一下自己單位的人，要評定

職稱要報(bào)什么類比較合適。如果單位沒有明確要求和規(guī)定的話，可以根據(jù)自己的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況選

擇，如果工作中接觸的文章都是理工類的文章，那就報(bào)理工類。假如接觸的文章是社會類文

章，那就報(bào)綜合類。

?免考規(guī)定

取得外語（從事翻譯工作人員及外語教師第二外語）專業(yè)?？萍耙陨蠈W(xué)歷的人員申報(bào)中、

高級職稱評審;獲得博士學(xué)位申報(bào)高級（含正高級）職稱評審;獲得碩士學(xué)位申報(bào)中級職稱評審;

留學(xué)回國人員首次參加職稱評審;申報(bào)副高級職稱評審時已取得職稱外語合格證書（含1977

年底前參加工作人員外語成績達(dá)到45分）的人員申報(bào)正高級職稱評審;參加《全國工商企業(yè)

出國培訓(xùn)備選人員外語考試〉〉，通過中（I）級者申報(bào)中級職稱評審，通過高（A）級者申報(bào)高級

職稱評審等五類考生可免職稱外語等級考試。

凡參加國家人事部和北京市人事局組織的各類專業(yè)技術(shù)資格考試和職（執(zhí)）業(yè)資格考試

取得資格證書的人員，聘用單位可根據(jù)崗位需要自主決定對應(yīng)聘人員的外語水平要求。凡

實(shí)行考評結(jié)合的系列（專業(yè)）及體育教練員、工藝美術(shù)、廣播電視藝術(shù)、技校高級實(shí)習(xí)指導(dǎo)教

師系列（專業(yè)），外語考試成績可不作為申報(bào)條件，其合格成績或當(dāng)年考試成績作為職稱評

審的要素之一。

?注意事項(xiàng)

為了保證報(bào)考信息的準(zhǔn)確采集和處理，報(bào)考人員在報(bào)名和考試時要注意以下事項(xiàng)：

1、根據(jù)各省市人事廳（局）考試中心發(fā)布的報(bào)名程序和要求，到指定的報(bào)名點(diǎn)領(lǐng)取報(bào)名

表。如果規(guī)定實(shí)行光電閱讀器一計(jì)算機(jī)自動采集報(bào)名信息，還要領(lǐng)取報(bào)名信息卡和《報(bào)考手

冊〉〉。由單位集體組織報(bào)名的，應(yīng)按本人所在單位規(guī)定的具體程序報(bào)考。

2、如實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確、工整地填寫報(bào)名表中的各有關(guān)項(xiàng)目，并由所在單位加蓋公章。使用報(bào)

名信息卡的，除按要求填寫報(bào)名表外，還應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按照《報(bào)考手冊》中規(guī)定的填涂工具和填涂

要求，認(rèn)真、準(zhǔn)確添涂好報(bào)名信息卡。報(bào)名表和報(bào)名信息卡填好后，應(yīng)認(rèn)真檢查，確保報(bào)名

的填寫和報(bào)名信息卡的填涂準(zhǔn)確無誤。

3、攜帶報(bào)名表、報(bào)名信息卡、照片、身份證和其它所需證件到報(bào)名點(diǎn)辦理報(bào)名手續(xù)，報(bào)名

點(diǎn)發(fā)給每一報(bào)考人員一個報(bào)名序號，該報(bào)名序號應(yīng)保存好，以備后用。

二、職稱英語考試技巧

給大家說說關(guān)心的“字典”問題：

針對職稱英語考試中的第一部分詞匯題，我建議大家?guī)б槐就x詞詞典（雙解詞典），

這類詞典的特點(diǎn)是用幾個同義詞注解某一英文單詞，大家可以非常方便地在注解中找到答

案。

有了字典，又該如何查呢？我經(jīng)常聽到有學(xué)員在答疑室中說:某某單詞在字典里查不到，

其實(shí)不是字典里沒有，而是他們不會查，最常見到的情況有兩種：

第一種：分不清單詞詞性；如：

1.Beforeleavingthehouse,sheclosedthewindows.

2.Sheisclosetosuccess.

兩句話里都有close,但是詞性不同，第一句話里的是動詞，因?yàn)橛行问缴系淖兓?ed）；

而第二句話里的close跟在is的后面，而且形式上沒有變化，因此判斷為形容詞。當(dāng)尋找

他們的同義詞時，應(yīng)針對不同的詞性加以判斷。這一點(diǎn)對于大家來說非常重要!

第二中：分不清劃線單詞是原形，現(xiàn)在分詞或過去式：

如：Hersisterurgedhertoapplyforthejob.（P602）

advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised

如果去字典里查urged,當(dāng)然是查不到的。

Ticketsarelimitedandwillbeallocatedtothosewhoapplyfirst.（P461）

postedB.SentC.handedD.Given

接下來，我們一起練幾題，大家可以八仙過海各顯神通，看誰做得又快又好！

1.Practicallyallanimalscommunicatethroughsounds.

A.ClearlyB.AlmostC.AbsolutelyD.Basically

2.Thestorywasverytouching.

A.InspiringB.BoringC.MovingD.absorbing

Youshouldhaveblendedthebutterwiththesugarthoroughly.

A.SpreadB.MixedC.BeatenD.covered

4.Iwon,ttoleratethatkindofbehaviour.

A.bearB.acceptC.admitD.take

5.Theindexisthegovernment,schiefgaugeoffutureeconomicactivity.

A.methodB.measureC.wayD.manner

閱讀理解常用提問方式

L有關(guān)主旨題的提問方式：

1）Themain（主要的）idea（思想，主意）ofthispassage（文章）is…

2）Whichofthefollowing（下列的）statements（句子）bestexpresses

（表達(dá)）themainideaofthepassage?

3)Thepassagemainlydiscusses(討論)???

4)Thispassagemainlydealswith(涉及)…

5)TheauthorJspurpose(意圖)inwritingthispassageis…

6)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)題的提問方式：

1)Somepeopledosth.because?

2)Accordingtothepassage,wecanknowthat.

3)What????Which????Who(Whom)????When(Whattime)--

4)Whichofthefollowingstatements

Whichofthefollowingstatements

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE

3.有關(guān)詞語釋義題的提問方式：

1)Theword"…"inline(行)…refersto(指)…

2)Inparagraph4,“it"referto(means)

4.有關(guān)推理判斷題的提問方式：

1)Itcanbeinferred(推斷)fromthepassagethat….

2)Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred?

3)Itcanbeconcluded(結(jié)論)fromthepassagethat???.

5.有關(guān)作者觀點(diǎn)意圖題的提問方式：

1)"eauthor'smain(主要的)purpose(目的)inthispassageis….

2)TT7eauthorJspurposeofwritingthispassageis.

3)InthispassagetheauthorJsattitude(看法)couldbest..

4)TheauthorJsmainthought(思想)isthat…

眾所周知，閱讀理解題的成敗關(guān)乎到考試能否及格，所以一定要掌握好的解題方法，在

大家詞匯量都不是很多的情況下，方法就顯得極其重要！

閱讀理解例題：

例一：

LightNight,DarkStars

1.Thousandsofpeoplearoundtheglobestepoutsidetogazeattheirnight

sky.Onaclearnight,withnoclouds,moonlight,orartificiallightstoblockthe

view,peoplecanseemorethan14,000starsinthesky,saysDennisWard,an

astronomerwiththeUniversityCorporationforAtmosphericResearch(UCAR)in

Boulder,Colo.Butwhenpeoplearesurroundedbycitylights.hesays,they're

luckytosee150stars.

2.Ifyou'veeverdriventowardabigcityatnightandseenitsglowfromagreat

distance,you,vewitnessedlightpollution.Itoccurswhenlightfromstreetlights,

officebuildings,signs,andothersourcesstreamsintospaceandilluminatesthe

nightsky.Thishazeoflightmakesmanystarsinvisibletopeopleon

Earth.Evenatnight,bigcitieslikeNewYorkglowfromlightpollution,making

stargazingdifficult0

3.Dustandparticlesofpollutionfromfactoriesandindustriesworsenthe

effectsotlightpollution,"Ifonecityhasalotmorelightpollutionthan

another,,,Wardsays,“thatcitywillsuffertheeffectsoflightpollutiononamuch

greaterscale.”

4.Hazyskiesalsomakeitfarmoredifficultforastronomerstodotheirjobs.

5.Citiesaregettinglarger.Suburbsaregrowinginoncedark,ruralareas.Light

fromallthisnewdevelopmentisincreasinglyobscuringtilefaintlightgivenoffby

distantstars.Andifscientistscan!locatetheseobjects,theycan9tlearnmore

aboutthem.

6.Lightpollutiondoesn'tonlyaffectstarvisibility.Itcanharmwildlife

too.It'sclearthatartificiallightcallattractanimals,makingthemgooff

course”.There'sincreasingevidence.Forexample,thatmigratingbirdsuse

sunsetsandsunrisestohelpfindtheirway,saysSydneyGauthreausJr.,a

scientistatClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina."Whenlightoccursatnight,”

hesays,“ithasaverydisruptiveinfluence.”Sometimesbirdsflyintolighted

towers,highrises,andcablesfromradioandtelevisiontowers.Expertsestimate

thatmillionsofbirdsdiethiswayeveryyear.

1.Whencanpeoplesee14000stars?

AWhentheyhaveafairlygoodtelescope.

BWhentheyareinalargecity.

CWhenthenightskyisclearofclouds,moonlightandartificiallights.

DWhenthenightskyiswithouthazeandfog.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTrelatedtolightpollution?

AAhazeoflightformedfromartificiallightssuchasstreetlightsandbuilding

lights.

BLightsfromdifferentsourcesinthecitystreamintospaceandilluminatethe

nightsky.

CThenightskyisilluminatedbythelightsfrombigglowingcitiesinthenight.

DStargazingbecomesdifficultbecausethereisalayerofhazeintheair.

3.Doesthewriterthinkgrowingcitiesaffectastronomers9work?Whydoeshe

thinkso?

AYes.Becausetheoncedarkruralareasarepollutedbylights.

BNo.Becausetheycanstillseestarsinruralareas.

C.Yes.Becauseruralareasarenotagoodplaceforastronomerstostudystarso

D.No.Becausefaintlightgivenoffbystarscallstillbeseenonaclearnight

4.Howdoeslightpollutiotlaffectwildlife?WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

A.Animalsmaygooffcourseduetotheattractionofartificiallights.

B.Animalsmightbeattractedbyartificiallightstogointocities.

C.Artificiallightsatnightmaymakemigratingbirdslosetheirway.

DAttractedbyartificiallights,birdsflyintolightedbuildings.

5.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothetitle”LightNight,Dark

Stars"?

A.Thenightskyislightcoloredandstarsareblack.

B.Lightsappearatnightandstarsareseeninthedark.

C.Citieslightsillunfinatethenightskyandmakestarsinvisible.

DCitylightsatnightilluminatestarsinthesky.

先理解標(biāo)題，推測文章內(nèi)容：LightNight,DarkStarso沒有生詞，明亮的夜晚，昏

暗的星空。只是看題目，還不易推測出文章的主要內(nèi)容，因此，要快速瀏覽全文，看能否找

到出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞或短語，它們有可能就是文章的核心！大家看到了我用黑線標(biāo)出了出現(xiàn)

頻率最多的短語：lightpollution.所以可以推測文章的內(nèi)容和光污染有關(guān)。

接下來判斷所給5題的題型，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)1至4都是細(xì)節(jié)題，因此只需要找到關(guān)鍵詞逐

一回答即可。而第5題是主旨題，而且是最后一題，所以要等文章讀完后最后做。

1.Whencanpeoplesee14000stars?

AWhentheyhaveafairlygoodtelescope當(dāng)他們有一個非常不錯的望遠(yuǎn)鏡.

BWhentheyareinalargecity當(dāng)他們在大城市時.

CWhenthenightskyisclearofclouds,moonlightandartificiallights當(dāng)夜空中沒

有云、月光和人造燈光時.

DWhenthenightskyiswithouthazeandfog當(dāng)夜空沒有陰霾和大霧時.

分析：關(guān)鍵詞很容易找14000stars,在第一段出現(xiàn)了該詞：

Thousandsofpeople（數(shù)以千計(jì)的人）aroundtheglobe（世界上）stepoutside（走

出去）togazeat（凝視）theirnightsky.Onaclear（晴朗的）night,withnoclouds,

moonlight,crartificial（人造的）lightstoblock（遮擋、擋住）theview,peoplecan

seemorethan14,000starsinthesky（答案C）,saysDennisWard,anastronomer

（天文學(xué)家）withtheUniversityCorporationforAtmosphericResearch（UCAR）in

Boulder,Colo.Butwhenpeoplearesurrounded（被。。。包圍）bycitylights.hesays,

they'reluckytosee150stars.

補(bǔ)充：請注意短語：beclearofsth:無阻礙、障礙、危險(xiǎn)

如：Waituntiltheroadisclearoftrafficbeforecrossing4等到路上沒車時再過馬路。）

2.Whichofthefollowingstatements（敘述）isNOTrelatedto（同。。。有關(guān)）light

pollution?

AAhazeoflightisformedfromartificiallightssuchasstreetlightsandbuilding

lights（陰霾的光是由人造光而形成的，如路燈和建筑物的光）.

BLightsfromdifferentsourcesinthecitystreamintospaceandilluminatethe

nightsky來自于不同來源的光進(jìn)入太空并照亮了夜空.

CThenightskyisilluminatedbythelightsfrombigglowingcitiesinthenight夜

空由晚匕大城市發(fā)出的光照亮.

DStargazing（star+gazing觀望星星）becomesdifficultbecausethereisalayerof

hazeintheair由于空氣中有一層霾，所以觀望星星變得困難.

分析：本題的關(guān)鍵詞是lightpollution,而且按照題目的題號應(yīng)該在文章的前面，所以從第

二段找找看：

Ifyou'veeverdriventowardabigcityatnightandseenitsglowfromagreat

,

distance（答案C）2youvewitnessed（見證、目睹）lightpollution.Itoccurswhen

lightfromstreetlights,officebuildings,signs,andothersourcesstreamsinto

spaceandilluminatesthenightsky（答案A,B表述）.Thishazeoflightmakesmany

starsinvisibletopeopleonEarth.Evenatnight,bigcitieslikeNewYorkglow

fromlightpollution,makingstargazingdifficult（請注意這句話并不是答案D,他們不

同，該句是說：甚至在晚上，許多像紐約這樣的大城市所產(chǎn)生的燈光使觀望星星變得困難。）

所以，D的表述同光污染沒有關(guān)聯(lián)。

3.DoesthewriterthinkgrowingcitiesaffectastronomersJwork?Whydoeshe

thinkso?

AYes.Becausetheoncedarkruralareasarepollutedbylights因?yàn)樵?jīng)黑暗的鄉(xiāng)

村地區(qū)被光污染了.

BNo.BecausetheyCallstillseestarsinruralareas.

C.Yes.Becauseruralareasarenotagoodplaceforastronomerstostudystars

因?yàn)猷l(xiāng)村地區(qū)不是一個好的研究星星的地方。

D.No.Becausefaintlightgivenoffbystarscallstillbeseenonaclearnight

分析：題目是說：不斷擴(kuò)大的城市會影響天文學(xué)家的工作嗎？為什么他會這樣認(rèn)為？

在A答案中我們可以看到線索詞：polluted和lights.所以，根據(jù)閱讀的規(guī)律，只要和線索

詞有關(guān)的答案，多半就是最終答案。如果大家想檢查答案是否正確的話，也可以帶著關(guān)鍵詞

astronomers去找答案：

Hazyskiesalsomakeitfarmoredifficultforastronomerstodotheirjobs.

通過對句子的分析，排除答案B,D.留下A,C.在接下來的段落中可以對答案加以判斷：

Citiesaregettinglarger.Suburbs（交B區(qū)）aregrowinginoncedark,rural

areas.Lightfromallthisnewdevelopmentisincreasinglyobscuring（使。o。變得模

糊）thefaint（微弱的）lightgivenoffbydistantstars.Andifscientistscan'tlocate

（確定。。。的位置）theseobjects,theycan,tlearnmoreaboutthem.

總結(jié)：做閱讀理解時大家需要牢牢抓住文章的中心或核心詞，只要被選項(xiàng)中有核心內(nèi)容的出

現(xiàn)就可以推測為正確答案！

4.Howdoeslightpollutionaffectwildlife?WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

A.Animalsmaygooffcourseduetotheattractionofartificiallights

由于受到人造光的吸引，動物們可能偏離航向.

B.Animalsmightbeattractedbyartificiallightstogointocities.

動物們可能會受到人造光的吸引而進(jìn)入城市

C.Artificiallightsatnightmaymakemigratingbirdslosetheirway.

夜間的人造光可能會使遷徙的鳥類們迷路

DAttractedbyartificiallights,birdsflyintolightedbuildings.

由于受到人造光的吸引，鳥類飛進(jìn)有光的建筑物里。

分析：題目是說：光污染是如何影響野生動物？下列哪個說法不正確？

關(guān)鍵詞就是wildlife,在最后一段里，可以找到內(nèi)容：

Lightpollutiondoesn,tonlyaffectstarvisibility.Itcanharmwildlifetoo.It's

clearthatartificiallightcallattractanimals,makingthemgooffcourse”（答案

A）.There,sincreasingevidence.Forexample,thatmigratingbirdsusesunsets

andsunrisestohelpfindtheirway,saysSydneyGauthreausJr.,ascientistat

ClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina."Whenlightoccursatnight,“hesays,

“ithasaverydisruptive（破壞，性的）influence（答案C）.“Sometimesbirdsflyinto

lightedtowers（答案D）,highrises,andcablesfromradioandtelevision

towers.Expertsestimatethatmillionsofbirdsdiethiswayeveryyear.

所以，答案B并未提到。

5.Whichofthefollowingisclosest（最接近的）inmeaning（意思）tothetitle"Light

Night,DarkStars"?

A.Thenightskyislightcoloredandstarsareblack夜空是淺色的而星星是黑色的.

B.Lightsappearatnightandstarsareseeninthedark

光顯現(xiàn)在夜晚而在黑暗中人們看見星星.

C-Citieslightsillunfinatethenightskyandmakestarsinvisible

城市的燈光照亮了夜空而使得星星已經(jīng)無法看見.

DCitylightsatnightilluminatestarsinthesky.

夜晚的城市的燈光照亮了天空中的星星。

分析：本題是唯一的一道主旨題，所以需要縱觀全文。通過我們對前4題的解答，完全可

以判斷出文章的主題就是說：由于不斷擴(kuò)大的城市，越來越多的城市燈光，已經(jīng)成為一種污

染，使得天空中的星星黯然失色，所以答案就是C。

例二：

DecliningInterestinDevelopingForeignLanguageSkills

1.AustraliaJsforeignlanguageskillsaredeclining,voiceofAmericahasreported.

Newfiguresshowthatonly13percentofhighschoolgraduatescanspeaka

foreignlanguage.Butfourdecadesago,40percenthadforeignlanguageskills.

2.ProfessorEliseTipton,fromtheUniversityofSydney,saysincreasingly

studentsdonotfeeltheneedtolearnanotherlanguagetoboosttheircareer.She

believesthatAustraliaJseconomicboom,whichisdrivenbyred-hotdemandfor

itsminerals,ishelpingmaskseriousdeficienciesinitslanguageskills.

3.AustraliadoesbusinessverysuccessfullyinEnglishwithmostofitstrading

partners.Butastheworld9seconomicpowershiftstoemergingregionssuchas

Asia,itslanguagegapcouldsoonbeexposed.Accordingtothenewfigures,less

than6.5percentofhighschoolgraduatesareproficientinanAsianlanguage.

AcademicsworrythatthismeansAustraliawillincreasinglybeisolatedfromits

economicallyimportantAsianneighbors.DilipDutta,fromtheeconomicsand

businessfacultyatSydneyUniversity,sayslanguageskillscanenhancetrading

opportunities.IfAustralianswanttotradewithAsiancountries,itisvery

importantforthemtolearnthelanguagethatwillhelpthemtogetclosertothe

culture.

4.ButstudentshavedifferentopinionsaboutAsianlanguagelearningPippa

McCowage,a22-year-oldAustralianstudent,saysmanyyoungAustralianshave

ahalf-heartedapproachtoforeignlanguages,andthelanguagecurriculumis

oftenweak."Whilewe'reencouragedinhighschooltolearnanotherlanguage,

it'snotreallyapparenttomeasarealisticexpectationthatyouwillhaveto

speakit,“saidMcCowage,"Forexample,IlearnedJapaneseinhighschool,

whenIwentonanexchangeinYear10,IfoundthattheJapanesestudentsofmy

agehadamuchgreaterproficiencyinEnglishthanIdidinJapanese.Sointhat

sense,italmostdiscouragesyou.

5.Atpresent,about70percentofAustraliaysmajorexportsgotoAsiaandthe

Australiangovernmenthasbeenkeenondevelopingclosereconomicand

diplomatictieswithAsia.Academicssaythat,asAsiabecomesoneoftheworld's

economicpowerhouses,Australianeedstoimproveitslanguageskillsifitisto

takefulladvantageofthebusinessopportunitiesonitsdoorstep.

1.Howmuchpercentofhighschoolgraduateswereproficientinforeign

languagesfortyyearsago?

A.70.B)13.C)40,D)6.5.

2.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?

A)Australiahasrichdepositsofminerals.

B)Australiaisessentiallyaself-sufficientcountry.

C)AustraliahasnointentiontotradewithAsiancountries.

D)Australianstudentsarenotrequiredtolearnaforeignlanguage.

3.WhatdoesDilipDuttathinklanguageskillscando?

A.Improveyourrelationwithyourpartner.

B.Helpsettleinternationalconflicts.

C.Removebarriersinnegotiations.

D.Increasetradingopportunities.

4.WhyhastheAustraliangovernmentbeenkeenlyinterestedinstrengthening

tieswithAsia?

A)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliaislocated.

B)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliasmajorexportsgo.

C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliansgoandspendtheirholidays.

C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliacanplayabigroleininternationalaffairs.

5.Theword"faculty"inparagraph3canbereplacedby.

A)college.B)institute.C)university.D)department.

解題目：Declining衰退的Interest興趣inDeveloping發(fā)展、開發(fā)ForeignLanguage

外語Skills技能，所以串在一起可以將之理解成：逐漸喪失提高外語技能的興趣。通過理

解題目，我們可以推測一下，在文章中foreignlanguages和declininginterest應(yīng)是核心

詞。

接下來，來看5道題的題目，對出題方式加以判斷：1,3,4都是細(xì)節(jié)題，而2題是推斷

題；5題是詞語釋義題。針對不同出題方式的題目要以不同的方法加以應(yīng)對。

1.Howmuchpercent百分?jǐn)?shù)ofhighschoolgraduates(高中畢業(yè)生)wereproficient

(精通的)inforeignlanguagesfortyyearsago(40年前)?

A）70.B）13.C）40.D）6.5.

分析：這是細(xì)節(jié)題，關(guān)鍵詞：highschoolgraduates,fortyyearsagOo位于第一題的位

置，所以答案應(yīng)該來源于第一段：

AustraliaJsforeignlanguageskillsaredeclining,VoiceofAmericahasreported.

Newfigures（數(shù)字）showthatonly13percentofhighschoolgraduatescanspeaka

foreignlanguage.Butfourdecades（一個decade是10年）ago（40年前）,40percent

hadforeignlanguageskills（答案的出處）.

2.Whatcanbeinferred（推測出）fromparagraph2?

A）Australiahasrichdepositsofminerals.（澳大利亞有豐富的礦藏）

B）Australiaisessentiallyaself-sufficientcountry.

C）AustraliahasnointentiontotradewithAsiancountries.

D）Australianstudentsarenotrequiredtolearnaforeignlanguage.

分析：題目中有infer,所以該題是推斷題。因此，需要讀第二段，尋找核心內(nèi)容，主要是

要找到關(guān)鍵句：

ProfessorEliseTipton,fromtheUniversityofSydney,saysincreasinglystudents

donotfeeltheneedtolearnanotherlanguagetoboosttheircareer.Shebelieves

thatAustralia9seconomicboom（經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮），whichisdriven（受到驅(qū)動）by

red-hot（非常有活力的）demand（要求）foritsminerals礦物（核心詞），ishelping

mask掩蓋seriousdeficiencies不足initslanguageskills.

注意：一般發(fā)現(xiàn)A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，哪個選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)中心詞，一般該選項(xiàng)就是正確答

案。

3.WhatdoesDilipDuttathinklanguageskillscando?

A.Improveyourrelationwithyourpartner.

B.Helpsettleinternationalconflicts.

C.Removebarriersinnegotiations.

D.Increasetradingopportunities.

分析：這是一道標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的細(xì)節(jié)題，中心詞就是：DilipDuttao帶著它，我們可以在第三段里

搜索到相關(guān)的語句：

DilipDutta,fromtheeconomiceandbusinessfacultyatSydneyUniversity,says

languageskillscanenhancetradingopportunities（答案D出處?。?IFAustralians

wanttotradewithAsiancountries,itisveryimportantforthemtolearnthe

languagethatwillhelpthemtogetclosertotheculture.

4.WhyhastheAustraliangovernment（澳大利亞政府）beenkeenly（強(qiáng)烈地）

interestedinstrengthening（加強(qiáng)）ties（聯(lián)系）withAsia（亞洲）?

A）BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliaislocated.

B）BecauseAsiaiswhereAustralia'smajorexportsgo

C）BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliansgoandspendtheirholidays.

C）BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliacanplayabigroleininternationalaffairs.

分析：從題目的類型來說，一定是細(xì)節(jié)題，找到核心詞：Australiangovernment,keenly

interestedin,tieswithAsiao我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)核心詞沒有出現(xiàn)在第四段中，而在最后一段中

出現(xiàn)了：

Atpresent,about70percentofAustralia'smajorexports（主要的出口貨物）goto

Asiaand（該詞相當(dāng)于so,因果關(guān)系連詞）theAustraliangovernmenthasbeenkeen

ondevelopingcloser（親密的）economic（經(jīng)濟(jì)的）anddiplomatic（外交的）ties

withAsia（答案出處）.Academicssaythat,asAsiabecomesoneoftheworldJs

economicpowerhouses（支柱）,Australianeedstoimproveitslanguageskillsifit

istotakefulladvantageofthebusinessopportunitiesonitsdoorstep.

5.Theword''faculty"inparagraph3canbereplacedby.

A)college學(xué)院.B)institute學(xué)會、研究所

C)university大學(xué).D)department系.

分析：這是一道詞語釋義題。大家可以查字典，也可以根據(jù)單詞出現(xiàn)的前后文來判斷：Dilip

Dutta,fromtheeconomics(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué))andbusiness(貿(mào)易)facultyatSydney

University,ooo因?yàn)楹竺嬗小璾niversity,因此自然想到是大學(xué)里的“系”。

例三：

OlderVolcanicEruptions

1.Volcanoesweremoredestructiveinancienthistory,notbecausetheywere

bigger,butbecausethecarbondioxidetheyreleasedwipedoutlifegreaterease.

2.PaulWignallfromtheUniversityofLeedswasinvestigatingthelinkbetween

volcaniceruptionsandmassextinctions.Notallvolcaniceruptionskilledofflarge

numbersofanimals,butallthemassextinctionsoverthepast300millionyears

coincidedwithhugeformationsofvolcanicrock.Tohissurprise,theolderthe

massivevolcaniceruptionswere,themoremoredamagetheyseemedtodo.He

calculatedtheukillingefficiency”forthesevolcanoesbycomparingthe

proportionoflifetheykilledoffwiththevolumeoflavathattheyproduced.He

foundthatsizeforsize,oldereruptionswereatleast10timesaseffectiveat

wipingoutlifeastheirmorerecentrivals.

3.ThePermianextinction,forexample,whichhappened250millionyearsago,is

markedbyfloodsofvolcanicrockinSiberiathatcoveranarearoughlythesizeof

westernEurope.Thosevolcanoesarethoughttohavepumpedoutabout10

gigatonnesofcarbonascarbondioxide.Theglobalwarmingthatfollowedwiped

out80percentofallmarinegeneraatthetime,andittook5millionyearsforthe

planettorecover.Yet60millionyearsago,therewasanotherhugeamountof

volcanicactivityandglobalwarmingbutnomassextinction.Someanimalsdid

disappearbutthingsreturnedtonormalwithintenthousandsofyears."The

mostrecentoneshardlyhaveaneffectatall,"Wignailsays.Heignoredthe

extinctionwhichwipedoutthedinosaurs65millionyearsago,becausemany

scientistsbelieveitwasprimarilycausedbytheimpactofanasteroid.Hethinks

thatoldervolcanoeshadmorekillingpowerbecausemorerecentlifeformswere

betteradaptedtodealingwithincreasedlevelsofCO2.

4.VincentCourtillot,directoroftheparisGeophysicalInstituteinFrance,says

thatWignairsideaisprovocative.Buthesaysitisincrediblyhardtodothese

sortsofcalculations.Hepointsoutthatthekillingpowerofvolcaniceruptions

dependsonhowlongtheylasted.Anditisimpossibletotellwhetherthehuge

blastslastedforthousandsormillionsofyears.Healsoaddsthatitisdifficultto

estimatehowmuchlavaprehistoricvolcanoesproduced,andthatlavavolume

maynotnecessarilycorrespondtocarbondioxideemissions.

1.Whydidoldervolcaniceruptionsdomoredamagethanmorerecentones?

A.Becausetheykilledofflifemoreeasily.

B.Becausetheywerebrighter.

C.Becausetheywerelarger.

D.Becausetheywerehotter.

2.HowdidWignallcalculatethekillingpowerofthoseoldervolcaniceruptions?

A.Byestimatinghowlongtheylasted.

B.Bycountingthedinosaurstheykilled.

C.Bystudyingthechemicalcompositionoflava.

D.Bycomparingtheproportionoflifewipedoutwiththevolumeoflavaproduced.

3.Whendiddinosaursbecomeextinct?

A)300millionyearsago.

B)250millionyearsago.

C)60millionyearsago.

D）65millionyearsago

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3concerningdinosaurs?

A）Theywerekilledoffbyanasteroid.

B）Theydiedofdrasticclimatechange.

C）Theywerewipedoffbyavolcaniceruption.

D）Thecauseoftheirextinctionhasremainedacontroversialissue.

5.Whatisthemainthesisofthearticle?

A）Volcaniceruptionsarenotalwaysdeadly.

B）Oldervolcaniceruptionsweremoredestructive.

C）Carbondioxideemissionsoftengiverisetoglobalwarming.

D）Itisnoteasytocalculatethekillingpowerofavolcaniceruption.

解標(biāo)題：OlderVolcanic（火山的）Eruptions（噴發(fā)）

本文講的是遠(yuǎn)古火山噴發(fā)，所以oldervolcaniceruptions應(yīng)是核心詞。

1.Whydidoldervolcaniceruptionsdomoredamagethanmorerecentones?（為

什么遠(yuǎn)古火山噴發(fā)比近期噴發(fā)損害更大？）

A.Becausetheykilledofflifemoreeasily.

B.Becausetheywerebrighter.

C.Becausetheywerelarger.

D.Becausetheywerehotter.

分析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第一題，一般在開頭段落尋找答案。

Volcanoesweremoredestructive（更具有破壞性的）inancienthistory（在古代的勞

歷史中）,notbecause（不是因?yàn)椋﹖heywerebigger,butbecause（而是因?yàn)椋﹖he

carbondioxide（二氧化碳）theyreleased（他們所釋放的，定語修飾前面的thecarbon

dioxide）wipedout擦去、抹去life生命greaterease（更容易）.

句子是說：古代的火山更具殺傷力，不是因?yàn)樗鼈兏?，而是因?yàn)樗鼈冡尫懦鰜淼亩趸?/p>

更容易把人殺死。所以答案A表述的內(nèi)容同本段相符。

2.How（如何，詢問方式）didWignailcalculate（計(jì)算）thekillingpower（殺傷

力）ofthoseoldervolcaniceruptions?

A.Byestimatinghowlongtheylasted.通過估計(jì)他們持續(xù)多長時間。

B.Bycountingthedinosaurstheykilled.通過數(shù)死去的恐龍的的數(shù)量

C.Bystudyingthechemicalcompo