浙江省寧波五校2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期4月期中英語(yǔ)試題【含答案解析】

絕密★考試結(jié)束前2023學(xué)年第二學(xué)期寧波五校聯(lián)盟期中聯(lián)考高一年級(jí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科試題考生須知：1.本卷共8頁(yè)滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫(xiě)班級(jí)、姓名、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)及準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)并填涂相應(yīng)數(shù)字。3.所有答案必須寫(xiě)在答題紙上，寫(xiě)在試卷上無(wú)效。4.考試結(jié)束后，只需上交答題紙。選擇題部分第一部分：聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthemandothisweekend?A.Goskiingwithhisparents.B.Celebratehissister’sbirthday.C.Gotothemovieswiththewoman.2.Howarethepricesintherestaurant?A.Reasonable.B.Low.C.High.3.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Theastronautslikeeachotherverymuch.B.Theastronautsarefromdifferentcities.C.Theastronautsaretwinbrothers.4.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Buildingahouse.B.Camping.C.Climbingmountains.5.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inasupermarket.C.Intheman’shouse.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whereisthewomangoing?A.Toherhouse.B.Toanappointment.C.ToWest22ndStreet.7.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Itisgoingtorain.B.Thewomanisnotlucky.C.Thetrafficisheavyatthemoment.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Friends.B.Motherandson.C.Singerandfan.9.Whatdothetwospeakershaveincommon?A.Theylovethesamekindofmusic.B.Theirparentsdon’tliketheirmusichobbies.C.Bothofthemjoinedthesameband.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatreasondoesthewomangiveforneedingacellphone?A.Shecanuseittocheckhere-mails.B.Shecancallherfamilyforadangeroussituation.C.Shecanmakecheapercalls.11.Howmuchisthemonthlyservice?A.$20.B.$99.C.Nearly$30.12.Howlongistheserviceagreementofthecellphone?A.Ayear.B.6months.C.1,000days.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatistheman’smajor?A.Marketing.B.Foreignlanguage.C.Internationaltrade.14.Whichisarequirementofthejob?A.Travelingalot.B.Beingmarried.C.Livingabroad.15.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthejob?A.Safe.B.Challenging.C.Pleasant.16.Whenwillthemangetthereply?A.Inthreedays.B.Insixdays.C.Intendays.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Abikeridetotheforest.B.Safetyinthemountains.C.Atriptothecountryside.18.Wherearethestudentsgoingtocamp?A.Intheforest.B.Byriver.C.Inthefields.19.Whichofthefollowingmaycostthemextrafees?A.Observinganimals.B.Ridingahorse.C.Fishingorboating.20.Whyshouldn’tthestudentsgointothethickpartoftheforest?A.Theymaygetlostinit.B.Thereisariverintheforest.C.Therearewildanimalsthere.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AEuropeisfamousforbigcitiesandworld-classartmuseums.It’seasynottonoticethesmall,beautifulvillagesinEurope.However,ifyou’reafterrelaxation,peacefulcountrywalks,beautifulbuildings,andchancesfordifferentculturesonyournexttrip,considercuttingdownsomeofyourcitytimeandheadouttoavillageinstead.HerearethreeofthemostbeautifulvillagesinEurope,alongwithourtoppicksforplacestostayineach.BiburyinGloucestershire,EnglandOftenpraisedasthemostbeautifulvillageoftheCotsworlds,Biburyisalsooneofthemostpopularplacesforvisitorstostayinthearea,andattractsalotoftouristsfromaroundtheworld.It’ssetamongthegreenhillsthattheareaisknownforandiscomposedoflight-beige(淺米色)stonehouses,includingthefamousArlingtonRow,alineofhousesdatingbackto1380.ConginCountyMayo,IrelandSetonasmallsea-facingislandonthewesterncoastofIreland,Congisaquietvillagethat’sfamousforitsgreystoneruins(灰石廢墟)andmanyoutdooractivities.Oneofthebiggestreasonsforitsfameisthatthe1952filmTheQuietManwasmadethere,butthebiggestdrawformostvisitorsisthechancetovisit(orstayin)AshfordCastle,whichisnowrunasagreatexpensivehotel.MontepulcianoinTuscany,ItalySpreadoverahilltopnearly2,000metersabovesealevel,theTuscanvillageofMontepulcianooffersbeautifulbuildingsfromtheMiddleAges,aswellasmanychancestovisitwineries(釀酒廠)andtastethelocallyproducedVinoNobeldiMontepulciano.Withfortifications(防御工事)datingbacktothe14thcentury,thevillagehaschurchesandpublicsquares,whicharetrulyfascinating.1.WhatisthebiggestdrawformostvisitorsinCong?A.Greystoneruinsthere. B.Outdooractivitiesthere.C.ThefilmTheQuietMan. D.VisitingAshfordCastle.2.Wecandoallthefollowingactivitiesexcept________inMontepulciano?A.readtheBibleinthechurches. B.visitbeautifulbuildingsfromtheMiddleAges.C.tastethelocallyproducedwine. D.experiencethefortificationsfromthe14thcentury.3.Wherecanwereadthistext?A.Asciencereport. B.Aguidebook.C.Anewsreport. D.Anadvertisement.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了歐洲最美的三個(gè)村莊，以及每個(gè)村莊的最佳住宿地點(diǎn)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Oneofthebiggestreasonsforitsfameisthatthe1952filmTheQuietManwasmadethere,butthebiggestdrawformostvisitorsisthechancetovisit(orstayin)AshfordCastle,whichisnowrunasagreatexpensivehotel.(它出名的最大原因之一是1952年的電影《安靜的人》在那里拍攝，但對(duì)大多數(shù)游客來(lái)說(shuō)，最大的吸引力是有機(jī)會(huì)參觀（或入?。┌⑹哺５鲁潜?，這座城堡現(xiàn)在是一家非常昂貴的酒店)”可知，對(duì)大多數(shù)游客來(lái)說(shuō)，Cong最大的吸引力是可以拜訪阿什福德城堡。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Spreadoverahilltopnearly2,000metersabovesealevel,theTuscanvillageofMontepulcianooffersbeautifulbuildingsfromtheMiddleAges,aswellasmanychancestovisitwineriesandtastethelocallyproducedVinoNobeldiMontepulciano.Withfortificationsdatingbacktothe14thcentury,thevillagehaschurchesandpublicsquares,whicharetrulyfascinating.(托斯卡納村莊蒙特普爾恰諾坐落在海拔近2000米的山頂上，擁有中世紀(jì)的美麗建筑，還有許多機(jī)會(huì)參觀酒莊，品嘗當(dāng)?shù)厣a(chǎn)的蒙特普齊亞諾葡萄酒。這個(gè)村莊的防御工事可以追溯到14世紀(jì)，有教堂和公共廣場(chǎng)，真的很迷人)”可知，在Montepulciano，人們可以參觀中世紀(jì)的美麗建筑、品嘗當(dāng)?shù)爻霎a(chǎn)的葡萄酒、體驗(yàn)14世紀(jì)的防御工事，沒(méi)有提及在教堂里讀《圣經(jīng)》。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“HerearethreeofthemostbeautifulvillagesinEurope,alongwithourtoppicksforplacestostayineach.(以下是歐洲最美麗的三個(gè)村莊，以及我們?yōu)槊總€(gè)村莊挑選的最佳住宿地點(diǎn))”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了歐洲最美的三個(gè)村莊，以及每個(gè)村莊的最佳住宿地點(diǎn)，推測(cè)我們可能在一本旅游指南中讀到這篇文章。故選B。BFifteenyearsago,Ilovedgoingtothegym,butfamilylifeandworkcommitmentsmeantIwasfindingithardtogetthere.Withthehelpofmydadanduncle,Ibuiltmyowngyminthegarden.It’sbasicallyabeautifiedroomwithinsulation(隔熱層)andelectriesandasmallheaterforthewinter.Webuiltacornerdesktoointendingittobeformetodothepaperworkformysmallbusiness.However,thedeskserveditsrealpurposewhenIstartedmywritingjourneytwoyearsago.I’vealwayshadstoriesgoingthroughmymind.IcouldbeoutjoggingandI’dlosemyselfplayingoutthoughtsinmyheadlikemoviescenes.Onceseen,theystayinthere.Ihavetroublekeepingotherinformation,butwhenitcomestostoryideas,theylockin.Ihavemanyfullnovelideasinmyheadwaitingtobewritten.WhenIwasyounger,Iwasn’tbraveenoughtowrite.Ididn’tdowellinschoolandI’vespentmostofmylifeinphysicalwork,sotheideaofbecomingawriterfeltlaughable.Inowknowthereisn’tawritertype;writerscomeinallforms.Istillusethegymforitsrealpurpose,butsomeoftheequipmenthasbeenreplacedbybooksandasmallbedforthetimewhenIwanttorelaxandread.Iliketohavemydesklookingcolorful-somemightsaymessy.Myloveforsportiscleartosee,withphotosaroundofmyfavoriteboxersandthefootballteamIfollow.Ontheotherhand,havingmyownwritingroomisimportant.WithoutitIwouldn’tbewhereIamnowonmywritingjourmey.It’sfarfromcharming,butitismine.It’smyhappyplace.4.Whydidtheauthorbuildhisowngym?A.Becauseofhistightschedule.B.Becauseofhissmallbusiness.C.Becauseofhispoorfinancialcondition.D.Becauseoftheencouragementofhisfamily.5.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromparagraph2?A.Hewasjoggingformoreideas.B.Hegotonwellwithhisstudyatschool.C.Hehadthepotentialtobecomeawriter.D.Hewasconfidentaboutbecomingawriter.6.Whatistheauthor’sgymmainlyusedfornow?A.Readingandbusiness. B.Storingbooksandtyping.CRelaxingandentertaining. D.Writingandfitness.7.Whichsectionofamagazinedoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?A.Health. B.Life. C.Education. D.Opinion.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了15年前，作者在爸爸和叔叔的幫助下，建了自己的健身房。后來(lái)，慢慢地，作者的健身房變成了作者寫(xiě)作的地方?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Fifteenyearsago,Ilovedgoingtothegym,butfamilylifeandworkcommitmentsmeantIwasfindingithardtogetthere.Withthehelpofmydadanduncle,Ibuiltmyowngyminthegarden.(15年前，我喜歡去健身房，但由于家庭生活和工作的原因，我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難去健身房。在爸爸和叔叔的幫助下，我在花園里建了自己的健身房)”可知，作者建這個(gè)健身房是因?yàn)樽髡呦矚g健身，但是由于時(shí)間緊張很難去健身房。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“I’vealwayshadstoriesgoingthroughmymind.IcouldbeoutjoggingandI’dlosemyselfplayingoutthoughtsinmyheadlikemoviescenes.Onceseen,theystayinthere.Ihavetroublekeepingotherinformation,butwhenitcomestostoryideas,theylockin.Ihavemanyfullnovelideasinmyheadwaitingtobewritten.(我腦子里總有故事。我可以在外面慢跑，我可能會(huì)出去慢跑，然后像電影場(chǎng)景一樣在腦子里思考。一旦被發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們就會(huì)留在那里。我很難記住其他信息，但當(dāng)涉及到故事想法時(shí)，他們就會(huì)鎖定。我腦子里有很多完整的新想法等著寫(xiě)出來(lái))”可知，作者的腦海中總有故事，而且有很多完整的新想法等著寫(xiě)出來(lái)，所以作者有當(dāng)作家的潛質(zhì)。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Istillusethegymforitsrealpurpose,butsomeoftheequipmenthasbeenreplacedbybooksandasmallbedforthetimewhenIwanttorelaxandread.Iliketohavemydesklookingcolorful-somemightsaymessy.Myloveforsportiscleartosee,withphotosaroundofmyfavoriteboxersandthefootballteamIfollow.Ontheotherhand,havingmyownwritingroomisimportant.(我仍然使用健身房來(lái)達(dá)到它的真正目的，但一些設(shè)備已經(jīng)被書(shū)籍和一張小床所取代，以便我放松和閱讀。我喜歡讓我的桌子看起來(lái)五彩繽紛——有些人可能會(huì)說(shuō)凌亂。我對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的熱愛(ài)顯而易見(jiàn)，我最喜歡的拳擊手和我追隨的足球隊(duì)的照片隨處可見(jiàn)。另一方面，擁有自己的寫(xiě)作室也很重要)”可知，目前這個(gè)健身房主要用來(lái)供作者寫(xiě)作和鍛煉。故選D。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章主要內(nèi)容可知，作者曾經(jīng)建了一個(gè)健身房準(zhǔn)備用于健身，慢慢地，作者開(kāi)始將這個(gè)健身房當(dāng)作自己寫(xiě)作的地方。由此可以推斷，這篇文章有可能摘自雜志的生活專欄。故選B。CPetandanimal-relatedappsarecreatingcybersecurityriskstotheirowners,newresearchhasshown.Whilebeingabletokeeptrackofyourcatanddogmaybeanattractivebenefittomanypetownersasitcanprovidepeaceofmind,allowingathirdpartytotrackyourmovementsmaybemuchlessattractive.ComputerscientistsatNewcastleUniversityandRoyalHolloway,UniversityofLondonhaveexposedmultiplesecurityandprivacyissuesbyevaluating40popularAndroidappsforpets.Theresultsshowthatseveraloftheseappsareputtingtheirusersatriskbyexposingtheirloginorlocationdetails.Passwordvulnerability(漏洞)wasoneoftheareasexposedbytheteam.Theyidentifiedthreeapplicationsthathadtheuser’slogindetailsvisibleinplaintextwithinnon-secureHTTPtraffic.Thismeansthatanyoneisabletoobservetheinternettrafficofsomeoneusingoneoftheseappsandwillbeabletofindouttheirlogininformation.Inadditiontologininformation,twooftheappsalsoshoweduserdetails,suchastheirlocationthatmayenablesomeonetogainaccesstotheirdevicesandriskacyber-attack.Anotherareaofconcernidentifiedinthestudywastheuseoftrackers.Allbutfouroftheapplicationswerefoundtofeaturesomeformoftrackingsoftware.Atrackergathersinformationonthepersonusingtheapplicationonhowtheyuseit,oronthesmartphonebeingused.ScottHarperisaPhDstudentatNewcastleUniversity’sSchoolofComputingandtheleadauthorofthestudy.Hesaid:“PettechsuchassmartcollarsandGPStrackersforyourcatordog,isarapidlygrowingindustryanditbringswithitnewsecurity,privacy,andsafetyriskstothepetowners.Wewouldurgeanyoneusingtheseappstotakethetimetoensuretheyareusingauniquepassword,checkthesettingsandensurethattheyconsiderhowmuchdatatheyaresharingorwillingtoshare.”8.What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?ATodisplaythebenefitsofpettracking.B.Tointroducepetandanimal-relatedapps.C.Toshowtheevidenceofcybersecurityrisks.D.Toraisethetopicbygivingresearchfindings.9.What’sthemainideaofparagraph3?A.Thethreatofacyber-attack.B.TheoperationofHTTPtraffic.C.Theaccesstologininformation.D.Thepotentialrisksinpasswordsecurity.10.WhatattitudeshouldweholdwhileusingpettechaccordingtoScottHarper?A.Flexible. B.Determined. C.Cautious. D.Casual.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.AreOurPetsLeakingInformationaboutUs?B.HowCanWeObservetheInternetTraffic?C.WhatDoesTrackingSoftwareBringUs?D.AreWeSafetoUseAndroidApps?【答案】8.D9.D10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，寵物和動(dòng)物相關(guān)的應(yīng)用程序正在給它們的主人帶來(lái)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Petandanimal-relatedappsarecreatingcybersecurityriskstotheirowners,newresearchhasshown.Whilebeingabletokeeptrackofyourcatanddogmaybeanattractivebenefittomanypetownersasitcanprovidepeaceofmind,allowingathirdpartytotrackyourmovementsmaybemuchlessattractive.(一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，寵物和動(dòng)物相關(guān)的應(yīng)用程序正在給它們的主人帶來(lái)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。雖然能夠跟蹤你的貓和狗對(duì)許多寵物主人來(lái)說(shuō)可能是一個(gè)有吸引力的好處，因?yàn)樗梢宰屓税残?，但允許第三方跟蹤你的活動(dòng)可能就不那么有吸引力了)”可知，文章第一段是為了通過(guò)給出研究結(jié)果來(lái)提出本文話題。故選D項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Passwordvulnerabilitywasoneoftheareasexposedbytheteam.(密碼漏洞是該團(tuán)隊(duì)暴露的領(lǐng)域之一)”及整段內(nèi)容可知，第三段具體講解了密碼安全的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段ScottHarper說(shuō)的話“PettechsuchassmartcollarsandGPStrackersforyourcatordog,isarapidlygrowingindustryanditbringswithitnewsecurity,privacy,andsafetyriskstothepetowners.Wewouldurgeanyoneusingtheseappstotakethetimetoensuretheyareusingauniquepassword,checkthesettingsandensurethattheyconsiderhowmuchdatatheyaresharingorwillingtoshare.(寵物科技，如智能項(xiàng)圈和GPS追蹤器，是一個(gè)快速發(fā)展的行業(yè)，它給寵物主人帶來(lái)了新的安全、隱私和安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。我們敦促任何使用這些應(yīng)用程序的人花時(shí)間確保他們使用的是唯一的密碼，檢查設(shè)置，并確保他們考慮他們正在分享或愿意分享多少數(shù)據(jù))”可知，Scott認(rèn)為使用寵物軟件有一定的好處，當(dāng)然也帶來(lái)了隱私和安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，他敦促在使用時(shí)要謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待數(shù)據(jù)暴露。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Petandanimal-relatedappsarecreatingcybersecurityriskstotheirowners,newresearchhasshown.(一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，寵物和動(dòng)物相關(guān)的應(yīng)用程序正在給它們的主人帶來(lái)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文圍繞使用寵物軟件會(huì)產(chǎn)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)展開(kāi)，A選項(xiàng)“AreOurPetsLeakingInformationaboutUs?(我們的寵物會(huì)泄露我們的信息嗎)”符合本文主旨，為最佳標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。D“Consumerscomplainthatthemoderntomatohaslittleflavor.It’slikeawaterbomb,”saidSanwenHuang,whoworksattheAgriculturalGenomicsInstituteatShenzhenattheChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences.“Tomatofarmerscareaboutyield,andthegeneticvariantsrelatedtoyieldarenotrelatedtotastytomatofavors.”Howcanfarmersditchthisunpleasantthingandrecovertherich,sweetflavorofthetomato?Tofindout,Huangandcolleaguesinvestigatedwhichgenesarerelatedtotomatoes’taste.Thescientistscreateda100-persongroupthatsampled160tomatoesbasedonsensoryqualities.Basedonthegroup’sfeedback,theresearchersidentifieddozensofchemicalcompounds(化合物)thatcouldberelatedtothetomato’staste.Usingastatisticalmodelthatdeterminedtheconcentrationofvariouschemicalsinthetomatoes,thescientistsidentified33mostimportantflavorcompounds.Theresearchersthenmeasuredthecontentofthemineachofthetomatoes,andidentifiedabout250geneticloci(基因座)thatcontrolledtomatoflavor.Thisfindingrevealedthegeneticbasisoftomatoflavor.Buttheresearchersalsowantedtodeterminewhystore-boughttomatoesdon’ttastegood.Itturnsoutthatmoderntomatovarietiesareselectedaccordingtoqualitiessuchasbigsizebecausebuyerspreferlargefruit,andfirmnessbecauseitmakestomatoeseasiertoship.Meanwhile,thequalityofflavorhasbeenignored,saidtheresearchers.Volatiles(揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)),inparticular,areessentialforgoodflavor.Theremovalofspecificvolatilesfromtomatoesresultsinsignificantreductioninpeople’sliking.Moreover,refrigerationcanchangeatomato’svolatilecompounds.“Butthereishopeforafuturefilledwithtasty,newvarietiesofstore-boughttomatoes,asourresultsprovidearoadmapforimprovementofflavor.Byworkingtogether,geneticists,biochemists,farmersandcustomerscanprovidebetter-flavoredtomatoesforoursociety.”Huangsaid.12.Howdoestheauthorpresentthestudyinparagraph2?A.Bygivingadefinition. B.Bylistingfigures.C.Byanalyzingthecause. D.Bymakingacomparison.13.Whatisthemainideaofparagraphs3-4?A.Thereasonswhystoresfavorsuchtomatoes.B.Somequalitiesconsumerspreferinbuyingtomatoes.C.Theimportanceofvolatilesindecidingtomatoflavor.D.Thereasonswhystore-boughttomatoeshavelittleflavor.14.WhichofthefollowingstatementswillHuangprobablyagreewith?A.Thestore-boughttomatoeshaveapromisingfuture.B.Yield-relatedgeneticvariantsprovidetastytomatoes.C.Theirresearchhaschangedatomato’svolatilecompounds.D.Farmersandcustomerscancertainlyprovidebetter-flavoredtomatoes.15.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Topersuadereaderstobuytomatoes.B.Tointroducethehighyieldingtomatoes.C.Toprovestore-boughttomatoesaretasteless.D.Toinformreadersoftheresearchabouttomatoflavors.【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了研究人員就現(xiàn)在的西紅柿沒(méi)什么味道進(jìn)行了研究?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Tofindout,Huangandcolleaguesinvestigatedwhichgenesarerelatedtotomatoes’taste.Thescientistscreateda100-persongroupthatsampled160tomatoesbasedonsensoryqualities.Basedonthegroup’sfeedback,theresearchersidentifieddozensofchemicalcompounds(化合物)thatcouldberelatedtothetomato’staste.Usingastatisticalmodelthatdeterminedtheconcentrationofvariouschemicalsinthetomatoes,thescientistsidentified33mostimportantflavorcompounds.Theresearchersthenmeasuredthecontentofthemineachofthetomatoes,andidentifiedabout250geneticloci(基因座)thatcontrolledtomatoflavor.(為了找到答案，黃和他的同事研究了哪些基因與西紅柿的味道有關(guān)。科學(xué)家們創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)100人的小組，根據(jù)感官質(zhì)量對(duì)160個(gè)西紅柿進(jìn)行采樣。根據(jù)研究小組的反饋，研究人員確定了幾十種可能與西紅柿味道有關(guān)的化合物。利用一個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)模型來(lái)確定西紅柿中各種化學(xué)物質(zhì)的濃度，科學(xué)家們確定了33種最重要的風(fēng)味化合物。然后，研究人員測(cè)量了每個(gè)西紅柿的含量，并確定了大約250個(gè)控制西紅柿風(fēng)味的基因座。)”可知，作者在第二段中通過(guò)列舉數(shù)字的方式來(lái)介紹研究，故選B?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“Buttheresearchersalsowantedtodeterminewhystore-boughttomatoesdon’ttastegood.(但是研究人員也想知道為什么商店里買的西紅柿不好吃。)”和第四段“Volatiles(揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)),inparticular,areessentialforgoodflavor.Theremovalofspecificvolatilesfromtomatoesresultsinsignificantreductioninpeople’sliking.Moreover,refrigerationcanchangeatomato’svolatilecompounds.(尤其是揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)，對(duì)于美味是必不可少的。去除西紅柿中的特殊揮發(fā)物會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們對(duì)西紅柿的喜愛(ài)程度顯著下降。此外，冷藏可以改變番茄的揮發(fā)性化合物。)”可知，第三段和第四段主要介紹了商店購(gòu)買的西紅柿沒(méi)有什么味道的原因。故選D。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Butthereishopeforafuturefilledwithtasty,newvarietiesofstore-boughttomatoes,asourresultsprovidearoadmapforimprovementofflavor.Byworkingtogether,geneticists,biochemists,farmersandcustomerscanprovidebetter-flavoredtomatoesforoursociety.”Huangsaid.(“但是，我們希望未來(lái)能夠充滿美味的新品種的商店購(gòu)買的西紅柿，因?yàn)槲覀兊难芯拷Y(jié)果提供了一個(gè)改善風(fēng)味的路線圖。通過(guò)合作，遺傳學(xué)家、生物化學(xué)家、農(nóng)民和消費(fèi)者可以為我們的社會(huì)提供口味更好的西紅柿?！秉S說(shuō)。)”可知，從黃說(shuō)的話可知，未來(lái)商店買來(lái)的西紅柿口味會(huì)更好，由此可推知，黃可能贊同未來(lái)商店買的西紅柿?xí)苁軞g迎，即未來(lái)商店買的西紅柿?xí)泄饷鞯那巴?。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段中“Howcanfarmersditchthisunpleasantthingandrecovertherich,sweetflavorofthetomato?Tofindout,Huangandcolleaguesinvestigatedwhichgenesarerelatedtotomatoes’taste.(農(nóng)民怎樣才能擺脫這種令人不快的東西，恢復(fù)西紅柿豐富而甜美的味道呢？為了找到答案，黃和他的同事研究了哪些基因與西紅柿的味道有關(guān)。)”和第三段中“Buttheresearchersalsowantedtodeterminewhystore-boughttomatoesdon’ttastegood.(但是研究人員也想知道為什么商店里買的西紅柿不好吃。)”可知，文章主要介紹了研究人員就現(xiàn)在的西紅柿沒(méi)什么味道進(jìn)行了研究，由此可推知，文章的目的是為了告知讀者有關(guān)西紅柿風(fēng)味的研究。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoCelebrateEarthDayAreyoulookingforwaystocelebrateEarthDayonApril22?You’vecometotherightplace.Ifyou’rereadytolearnmoreaboutjoiningtheglobalcelebration,makingrealchange,anddoingyourparttosaveourplanet,readon!Walkorrideyourbike.____16____Evenonedaycanmakeadifference,butifyoucancommit(承諾)towalkingorbikingmoreofteninthefuture,that’sevenbetter!Ifyourdailycommute(通勤)istoofarforwalking/biking,trypublictransportationlikebusesortrains.Plantatree.Thissimpleactwillbenefittheenvironmentfordecades.Plantingatreeonlytakesafewminutes,butitcanmakeahugeimpact.____17____Theyhelptosaveenergy,cleanpollution,andprovidehomesformanybirds,insects,andotherlocalwildlife.AttendalocalEarthDayevent.____18____Ifyourcommunitydoesn’thaveoneplanned,considerstartingoneyourself.It’stheperfectdaytogettogetherforafunandeducationalcelebrationoftheearth.Visitalocalfarmer’smarket.Eatinglocallygrownfoodismuchbetterfortheenvironment.Forexample,locally-grownfooddoesn’thavetobetransportedlongdistancestoendupongrocerystoreshelves.____19____Committoonegreenactperday.Youcankeepreducingyourcarbon(碳)footprintonceEarthDayisover.____20____Whilesmallchangesattheindividuallevelmaynotseemlikeabigdeal,theyaddupovertimeandcanhaveamajorimpact.Movingforward,makeityourgoaltodoonesmallthingeverydaytosupporttheenvironment.A.EarthDaycanbeeveryday!B.Treesareextremelyimportant.C.Treasneedextracaretogrowwell.D.Getoutthereandappreciateourbeautifulworld.E.Goingcar-freeforthedaywillreduceharmfulgases.F.Seeifyourcommunityisholdinganenvironmentalfair.G.You’llalsobegivingbacktoyourcommunitybysupportinglocalfarmers.【答案】16.E17.B18.F19.G20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一些方法以更好地慶祝地球日?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“Evenonedaycanmakeadifference,butifyoucancommit(承諾)towalkingorbikingmoreofteninthefuture,that’sevenbetter!Ifyourdailycommute(通勤)istoofarforwalking/biking,trypublictransportationlikebusesortrains.(即使是一天也會(huì)有所不同，但如果你能在未來(lái)更經(jīng)常地走路或騎自行車，那就更好了!如果你每天上下班的路程太遠(yuǎn)，不適合步行或騎自行車，那就試試公共交通，比如公共汽車或火車。)”可知，空后主要講述的是盡量不要開(kāi)車，多選擇步行或騎自行車。選項(xiàng)E“Goingcar-freeforthedaywillreduceharmfulgases.(一天不開(kāi)車會(huì)減少有害氣體。)”與下文內(nèi)容一致，解釋了為什么多選擇步行或騎自行車。故選E。【17題詳解】根據(jù)空后“Theyhelptosaveenergy,cleanpollution,andprovidehomesformanybirds,insects,andotherlocalwildlife.(它們有助于節(jié)約能源，清潔污染，并為許多鳥(niǎo)類，昆蟲(chóng)和其他當(dāng)?shù)匾吧鷦?dòng)物提供家園。)”可知，“它們”的好處很多。選項(xiàng)B“Treesareextremelyimportant.(樹(shù)木非常重要。)”內(nèi)容上與下文一致，是下文內(nèi)容的概括；而下文的“they”指的正是“tress”。故選B?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“Ifyourcommunitydoesn’thaveoneplanned,considerstartingoneyourself.(如果你的社區(qū)沒(méi)有這樣的計(jì)劃，考慮自己創(chuàng)建一個(gè)。)”可知，空處和“社區(qū)是否有這樣的計(jì)劃”有關(guān)。選項(xiàng)F“Seeifyourcommunityisholdinganenvironmentalfair.(看看你的社區(qū)是否正在舉辦環(huán)境博覽會(huì)。)”與下文內(nèi)容一致。故選F?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Visitalocalfarmer’smarket.Eatinglocallygrownfoodismuchbetterfortheenvironment.Forexample,locally-grownfooddoesn’thavetobetransportedlongdistancestoendupongrocerystoreshelves.(參觀當(dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)。吃當(dāng)?shù)胤N植的食物對(duì)環(huán)境更好。例如，當(dāng)?shù)胤N植的食物不需要經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)途運(yùn)輸才能最終出現(xiàn)在雜貨店的貨架上。)”可知，上文講的是在當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)購(gòu)買食物。選項(xiàng)G“You’llalsobegivingbacktoyourcommunitybysupportinglocalfarmers.(你也可以通過(guò)支持當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民來(lái)回饋社區(qū)。)”與上文內(nèi)容一致，指的都是在當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)購(gòu)買食物，這樣可以回饋社區(qū)。故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Committoonegreenactperday.Youcankeepreducingyourcarbon(碳)footprintonceEarthDayisover.(每天做一件環(huán)保的事。地球日結(jié)束后，你可以繼續(xù)減少碳足跡。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為減少碳足跡，我們可以每一天都做一件環(huán)保的事情。選項(xiàng)A“EarthDaycanbeeveryday!(地球日可以是每一天！)”與上文內(nèi)容一致，指的都是我們可以把每天都當(dāng)做地球日來(lái)度過(guò)，每天都可以做一件環(huán)保的事情。故選A。第三部分：語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AsIhaveperfectpitch(絕對(duì)音感)andstartedplayingpianoat3yearsold,it’smuchnaturalformetojointheschool’schoirwhenIgottocollegeintheUS.Atfirst,everythingwentpretty____21____:Ipassedtheaudition(試音),andwaseveninvitedtojointhemoreselectiveChamberSingers.However,Isoonbecame____22____afterseveralrehearsals(排練):Fromjokestomusictheory,Isimplycouldn’tunderstandwhattheyweretalkingabout!AndwhenI____23____others’pitchmistakes,theyseemedunwillingtoaccept.IremainedsilentevenwhenIknewthepitcheswere____24____.ItwasourNewYearConcertlastyearthat____25____meoutofdeepwaters.Whenweweresingingthewordsofasong:“Toliveistogive”,Ithought“howcouldIbe____26____justbeingasilentAsian?”Soonafterthe____27____,Istartedmyplan.Inmysecondterm,I____28____tojoinalltheconversationsandstartedtohelpfellowsingerswithmyabilities____29____identifyingpitch.Iwasoverwhelmedbythecontentofhelpingpeople,andwasthrilled____30____morechoirmemberscametomeforcasualtalks.FromMarchtoMay,Iwas____31____soloist(獨(dú)唱者)forfourdifferentsongs,anunusual____32____forafirst-yearstudent.Amongthem,myfavoritepiecewasaSpanishfolksongthatwe____33____duringthechoir’sspringtourtoMadrid.AChinesestudentsingingaSpanishsonginanAmericanchoir—howproudIwasto____34____asanambassadorofcross-culturalcommunication!Whentheaudienceapplaudedus,Icametoseeabetterworldwithunderstanding,____35____andlove.21.A.smoothly B.carefully C.deeply D.quickly22.A.scared B.determined C.frustrated D.absorbed23A.lookedout B.pointedout C.figuredout D.turnedout24.A.normal B.incorrect C.perfect D.regular25.A.pushed B.pressed C.selected D.drew26.A.satisfiedwith B.keenon C.familiarwith D.eagerfor27.A.audition B.joke C.concert D.rehearsal28.A.hoped B.managed C.refused D.failed29.A.by B.to C.on D.in30.A.when B.while C.before D.unless31.A.respected B.postponed C.attached D.appointed32.A.feature B.hobby C.achievement D.request33.A.performed B.desired C.lacked D.ignored34.A.launch B.serve C.assume D.announce35.A.patience B.independence C.peace D.pride【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.B25.D26.A27.C28.B29.D30.A31.D32.C33.A34.B35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述作者去美國(guó)上大學(xué)的經(jīng)歷，作者在音樂(lè)方面很有天賦，加入校合唱團(tuán)后，由最初的沮喪到最后用自己的實(shí)力獲得了不同尋常的成就，為自己擔(dān)任跨文化交流大使感到非常自豪?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：起初，一切都很順利：我通過(guò)了試音，甚至被邀請(qǐng)加入更挑剔的室內(nèi)樂(lè)歌手。A.smoothly順利地；B.carefully仔細(xì)地；C.deeply深深地；D.quickly快速地。根據(jù)后文“Ipassedtheaudition(試音),andwaseveninvitedtojointhemoreselectiveChamberSingers”可知，起初一切進(jìn)展順利，故選A?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，幾次排練后，我很快就感到沮喪：從笑話到樂(lè)理，我根本聽(tīng)不懂他們?cè)谡f(shuō)什么！A.scared害怕的；B.determined堅(jiān)定的；C.frustrated沮喪的；D.absorbed全神貫注的。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折副詞“However”和下文“Fromjokestomusictheory,Isimplycouldn’tunderstandwhattheyweretalkingabout!”可知，作者聽(tīng)不懂別人說(shuō)的什么，故感到沮喪，故選C。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：當(dāng)我指出別人的音高錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，他們似乎不愿意接受。A.lookedout當(dāng)心，向外看；B.pointedout指出；C.figuredout解決，想出；D.turnedout結(jié)果是，原來(lái)是。根據(jù)“theyseemedunwillingtoaccept”可知，當(dāng)作者指出錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，他們似乎不愿意接受，故選B?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我保持沉默，即使我知道音調(diào)是錯(cuò)誤的。A.normal正常的；B.incorrect不正確的；C.perfect完美的；D.regular定期的。根據(jù)上文“mistakes”可知，此處指音高是錯(cuò)誤的，故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：去年的新年音樂(lè)會(huì)讓我走出了困境。A.pushed推；B.pressed按，壓；C.selected選擇；D.drew拉動(dòng)，拖動(dòng)。下文提到作者受新年音樂(lè)會(huì)上一句歌詞的啟發(fā)而想出辦法可知，此處指“去年的新年音樂(lè)會(huì)讓我走出了困境”，