考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷20（共195題）

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷20（共9套）（共195題）考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共25題，每題1.0分，共25分。)Boysandgirlsusedtogrowupandsetasidetheirchildishpursuits.Notanymore.Thesedays,menandwomenholdontotheirinnerkid.Theylivewiththeirparentsfarlongerthanpreviousgenerations.They'regettingmarriedlater.Evenwhentheyhavekids,momsanddadsdownloadpopsongsfortheircellphoneringtones,playvideogames,watchcartoons,andindulgeinfoodsfromtheirchildhood.ChristopherNoxonexploresthisPeterPancultureinhisnewbook,Rejuvenile:Kickball,Cartoons,Cupcakes,andtheReinventionoftheAmericanGrownup.Forrejuvenilestoday,allroadsleadbacktoPeterPanandtheturnofthetwentiethcentury.Thenaturalcapacitiesofchildren,whichforcenturieshadbeenviewedasweakandobstinatewereoverthecourseofthesefewyearsdiscoveredasaprimarysourceofinspirationandprofit.Itwouldbeanothercenturybeforetherejuvenilerebellionweknowtoday,butresistancetowhathistorianWoodyRegistercalls"theweakeningprudence,restraintandsolemnityofgrowingup"beganhere,withthefirstflightofPanandthedawnofthetwentiethcentury.Thetemptationtodayistothinkofadulthoodasahistoricandnaturalfact.Ina2004essayon"ThePerpetualAdolescent,"JosephEpsteinwrotethatadulthoodwastreatedasthe"lengthiestandmostearnestpartoflife,whereeverythingserioushappened."Tostrayoutsidethedefinedboundariesofadulthood,hewrote,was"togoagainstwhatwasnaturalandtherebytoappearinappropriate,toputone'sworldsomehowoutofjoint."BeforetheIndustrialRevolution,noonethoughtmuchaboutadulthood,andevenlessaboutchildhood.Insixteenth-centuryEurope,forinstance,"childrensharedthesamegameswithadults,thesametoys,andthesamefairystories.Theylivedtheirlivestogether,neverapart,"noteshistorianJ.H.Plumb.Thisshouldn'tsuggestthatpeopleinthepastdidn'tdistinguishbetweenkidsandgrown-ups.ofcoursetheydid.Thedistinctionformsthebasisofritesofpassagethatareasoldashumanhistory.Amazonianinitiationrites,JewishBarandBatMitzvahs,Christianconfirmations—allservethesamebasicfunction:toformallyannouncetheendofchildhoodandtheassumptionofnewdutiesandfreedoms.It'samistake,though,toconfusematuritywithadulthood.ThematuritycelebratedintraditionalritesofpassageisnotthesamethingastheideaofadulthoodhatchedacenturyagobyagroupofVictorianclergymenandsocietyladies.Maturityisold."Adulthood"isnew.1、Accordingtothepassage,PeterPancultureisprobablyaphenomenonthatA、peoplecastawaytheirchildishpursuitsoncetheygrowup.B、peopleindulgeinfoodsandgamesfromtheirchildhood.C、peoplestillactinachildishwaywhentheyareadults.D、peoplehangontotheiradultinterestsandattitudes.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)PeterPanculture定位至第一段。其中說到現(xiàn)今的男男女女雖長大成人，內(nèi)心卻依然童稚，并列舉了種種相關(guān)現(xiàn)象，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)是對(duì)第一段第一句話的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，但原文句中的usedto提示那是過去的事情，現(xiàn)在并非如此；B項(xiàng)只是眾多例子中的一個(gè)，過于片面，不夠概括；D項(xiàng)意思與第一段所表達(dá)的中心意思相反。2、ThenaturalcapacitiesofchildrenturnouttobeA、weakandunpredictable.B、inspiringandprofitable.C、restrainedandsolemn.D、historicandnatural.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)ilaturalcapacitiesofchildren定位至第二段。第三句提到小孩子的天生特質(zhì)在短短幾年的時(shí)間里被發(fā)掘出來，成了靈感和利益的主要源泉，題干中的turnout是對(duì)原文中werediscoveredas的同義改寫，B項(xiàng)改變了原文中inspirationandprofit的詞性，屬于另一種意義的同義替換?！皢l(fā)靈感和有利可圖的”，符合題意，為正確選項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)的weak是長期以來人們的看法，unpredictable文中并無提及，故排除；C項(xiàng)是歷史學(xué)家烏迪·羅杰斯特3、TowhichofthefollowingstatementswillJosephEpsteinmostprobablyagree?A、Consideringadulthoodashistoricandnaturalisdangerous.B、Adulthoodisthelongestandmostimportantperiodinourlife.C、Sinceyouareanadult,youshouldbehavelikeanadult.D、Adulthoodisnotnecessarilyahistoricandnaturalperiodinone’slife.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)JosephEpstein定位至第三段。其中他提到，游離于“成人”邊界之外，就是“違反自然，因此就會(huì)表現(xiàn)異常，會(huì)讓一個(gè)人的世界從某種程度上來說處于混亂狀態(tài)”，可見他不贊同成年人“扮嫩”，因此C項(xiàng)正確。adulthoodashistoricandnatural屬于Thetemptationtoday，并不是Epstein的觀點(diǎn)，據(jù)此排除A、D兩項(xiàng)；B項(xiàng)是強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)，mostimportant的說法無原文依據(jù)。4、HistorianJ.H.Plumb’sremarksarecitedtoshowthatA、adultsandchildrenhadmanythingsincommon.B、adultsandchildrenenjoyedaprettycloserelationship.C、bothchildhoodandadulthoodarenewtopics.D、adulthoodisnotahistoricandnaturalfact.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)J.H.Plumb定位至第三段。他的言論是作為一個(gè)反面例證來證明第三段開頭那句話：當(dāng)今，人們非常傾向于將成年看做是具有歷史和自然意義的現(xiàn)實(shí)。言外之意是成年并不是一個(gè)歷史概念，故D項(xiàng)正確。A、B兩項(xiàng)是陳述表面現(xiàn)象，是例證題的常見干擾項(xiàng)；C項(xiàng)newtopics屬于過度推斷，文中并未提及。5、SuchritesofpassageasChristianconfirmationsareperformedtocelebrateA、childhood.B、adolescence.C、maturity.D、adulthood.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Christianconfirmation定位至最后一段。本段第六句提到，傳統(tǒng)成年禮所慶祝的“生理成熟”完全不同于“成年期”，因此可知傳統(tǒng)成人儀式慶祝的是生理成熟，C項(xiàng)maturity正確。A項(xiàng)“童年時(shí)期”、B項(xiàng)“青春期”均可排除，而文中說Thematurity……isnotthesamethingastheideaofadulthood(生理成熟跟成年期的概念不同)，可知D項(xiàng)“成年期”為干擾項(xiàng)，應(yīng)當(dāng)排除。Afterclashesbetweenriotpoliceandprotesters,workersattheKeihinHotelinTokyowereforciblyejectedonJanuary25th.TheyhadbeenfiredinOctoberwhenthehotelwentbankrupt,butdecidedtokeepitrunning—anexampleofthelengthstowhichpeoplewillgotokeeptheirjobsinJapan,whereunemploymentissuddenlyrisingatanalarmingrate.Over150,000peopleareexpectedtolosetheirjobsbetweenOctoberandMarch.HisashiYamadaoftheJapanResearchInstituteexpects1.5millionjoblossesbytheendofnextyear,liftingtheunemploymentratefrom4%lastyeartoover6%Thoughlowbyinternationalstandards,yetthatisexceptionallyhighinJapan.Hardesthitwillbe"non-regular"workers—thosewhoworkpart-time,asday-laborers,forafixedduration,orunderagencycontracts."Regular"workersenjoybenefitssuchashousing,bonuses,framingand(usually)lifetimeemployment,butnon-regularworkersearnaslittleas40%ofthepayforthesamework,anddonotreceivetraining,pensionsorunemploymentinsurance.Inthepast20yearstheirnumbershavegrowntoone-thirdofallworkers.ForyearsmostJapaneseignoredtheirpredicamentButnowtheirproblemshaveeruptedintoplainsight.InJanuaryaround500recentlyfired,homelesspeoplesetupatentvillageinHibiyaPark—ahighlyvisiblespotinthecentreofTokyo.Politiciansandtelevisionnewscrewsflockedtothescene.Theembarrassedcitygovernmenteventuallyfoundaccommodationforthepark'shomelessinunusedcity-ownedbuildings,thoughitputthemupforonlyaweek.TheproblemisthatJapanlacksasocialsafetynet,saysMakotoYuasa,theorganizeroftheHibiyatentvillage,whodroppedoutofaPhDprogramatTokyoUniversitytohelphomelesspeople.Becausefamiliesorcompaniestraditionallylookedafterpeople,thestatedidnothaveto.Moreover,thereisastigmainJapanifanunemployedpersonasksforhelp:"Ifyoudon'twork,youdon'tdeservetoeat",thesayinggoes.Yettherearesignsofchange.Themainpoliticalpartiesrecognizetheneedtoestablishbettersupportandtrainingfornon-regularworkers.Andthereisevenanewgovernmentprogramtohelpunemployedforeignworkers,suchasBrazilianswhoworkedatcarfactories,sothattheydonotleaveJapaniftheyarelaidoff.Withashrinkingpopulationandworkforce,losingskilledhandswouldonlycompoundthecountry'swoeswhentheeconomyeventuallyrecovers.6、WecaninferfromtheeventofKeihinHotelinJapanthatA、workerswouldtryeverymeanstokeeptheirjobs.B、theprotestersarefiredbecauseofseveralconflicts.C、thehotelhastobeshutdowntoavoidfurtherclashes.D、unemployedworkerscauseinstabilityinthesociety.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題?？疾槔C細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)KeihinHotel定位到第一段。例子要說明的情況通常出現(xiàn)在例子的前面或者后面。該段提到的KeihinHotel事件是人們?yōu)榱吮Ｗ∽约旱娘埻氩贿z余力的一個(gè)例子，故選A項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)所述屬于這次事件的一個(gè)經(jīng)過.不是該事件所說明的問題；文章沒有提及關(guān)閉旅店是為了避免進(jìn)一步?jīng)_突，也沒有提及社會(huì)不穩(wěn)定這一問題，故C、D項(xiàng)不可選。7、Themaindifferencebetweenregularworkersandnon-regularworkersliesinA、workingenvironment.B、legalstatus.C、jobbenefits.D、laborintensity.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題?？疾檗D(zhuǎn)折細(xì)節(jié)，答案在第二段。題干問的是正式工和非正式工的主要差別。文中提到正式T能享受住房、獎(jiǎng)金、培訓(xùn)等福利，但是非正式工卻沒有，故選C項(xiàng)。其他三項(xiàng)均是隨意捏造，均未在文中提及。8、Theword"predicament"(line1,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeansA、plight.B、inferiority.C、poverty.D、misery.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞義理解題。答案在第三段。predicament一詞出現(xiàn)在第三段首句中，通常段落的首句往往起到承上啟下的作用。第二段主要講非正式工所承受的不公待遇及所遭遇的問題。而第三段第二句指出非正式工的難題已是有目共睹，那么之前那句話中過往人們忽略的便是他們的“困境”，故選A項(xiàng)“困境”。B項(xiàng)“自卑”、C項(xiàng)“貧困”、D項(xiàng)“痛苦”都只是涉及這些難題的一部分，太過片面。9、ThetextsuggeststhattentvillageinHibiyaParkhasA、shownmostlaid-offworkersinTokyowerehomeless.B、helped500homelessorjoblesspeopletofindalivingplace.C、changedthetraditionalviewofworkinginJapan.D、pushedthecitygovernmenttoaddressthesocialsecurityproblem.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)HibiyaPark定位到第三段。該段提到Hibiya公園的帳篷村促使很多政府部門和政客們紛紛關(guān)注并開始著手解決這一問題。故選D項(xiàng)。該段提到了500名左右剛剛遭遇解雇而無家可歸的人在Hibiya公園搭建了一個(gè)帳篷村，這當(dāng)然從一定程度上反映了日本失業(yè)人群的悲慘遭遇，但是這并不代表大多數(shù)東京的失業(yè)人群都處于無家可歸的境地，故A項(xiàng)推斷過度；此外例子中所提到的人群是既失業(yè)又無家可歸的，故B項(xiàng)中or這一選擇關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤：在文章的最后一段中的確有提到對(duì)于在日本工作所持有的傳統(tǒng)觀念在改變，但這并不是Hib10、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A、TheunemploymentrateinJapanisrelativelyhighcomparedwithothernations.B、ThepresentunemploymentrateinJapanisamongthehighestinitshistory.C、Thegovernmenthasnotyetrecognizedtheneedtohelpnon-regularworkers.D、Thegovernmentisreluctanttotakemeasurestokeepthetechnicalworkers.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。迅速瀏覽選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)A、B項(xiàng)中的unemployment定位到第一段，該段提到盡管根據(jù)國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)日本的失業(yè)率還算是低的，但是在日本國內(nèi)這一比率已是奇高無比了，故選B項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)無原文依據(jù)；文章最后一段表明了日本政府已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到有必要給非正式工提供更好的支持和培訓(xùn)，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；同時(shí)，最后一段表明日本政府已出臺(tái)一些計(jì)劃以幫助外國員工，可見D項(xiàng)的reluctant一詞的表述也錯(cuò)誤。Human-inducedclimatechangeislikelytomakemanypartsoftheworlduninhabitable,oratleastuneconomic.Overthecourseofafewdecades,ifnotsoonerhundredsofmillionsofpeoplemaybecompelledtorelocatebecauseofenvironmentalpressures.Toasignificantextent,waterwillbethemostimportantdeterminantofthesepopulationmovements.Dramaticalterationsintherelationbetweenwaterandsocietywillbewidespread,asemphasizedinthenewreportfromWorkingGroupIIoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange.Theseshiftsmayincluderisingsealevels,strongertropicalcyclones,thelossofsoilmoistureunderhighertemperatures,moreintenseprecipitationandflooding,morefrequentdroughts,themeltingofglaciersandthechangingseasonalityofsnowmelt.Impactswillvarywidelyacrosstheworld.Itwillbeimportanttokeepoureyeonatleastfourzones:low-lyingcoastalsettlements,farmregionsdependentonriversfedbysnowmeltandglaciermelt,subhumidandaridregions,andhumidareasinSoutheastAsiavulnerabletochangesinmonsoonpatterns.Asignificantriseinsealevels,evenbyafractionofametercouldruintensorevenhundredsofmillionsofpeople.Onestudyfoundthatalthoughcoastalareaslessthan10metersabovesealevelconstituteonly2percentoftheworld'sland,theycontain10percentofitspopulationThesecoastalzonesarevulnerabletostormsurgesandincreasedintensityoftropicalcyclones—callittheNewOrleansEffect.Regionsmuchfartherinlandwillwither.Hundredsofmillionsofpeople,includingmanyofthepoorestfarmhouseholds,liveinrivervalleyswhereirrigationisfedbymeltingglaciersandsnow.Theannualsnowmeltiscomingearliereveryyear,synchronizingitlessandlesswellwiththesummergrowingseason,andtheglaciersaredisappearingaltogether.Thus,thevastnumbersoffarmersintheIndo-GangeticPlainwillmostlikelyfaceseveredisruptionsinwateravailability.Untilnow,theclimatedebatehasfocusedonthebasicscienceandthecostsandbenefitsofreducinggreenhousegasemissions.Attentionwillnowincreasinglyturntotheurgentchallengeofadaptingtothechangesandhelpingthosewhoaremostaffected.Somehard-hitplaceswillberescuedbybetterinfrastructurethatprotectsagainststormsurgesoreconomizesonwaterforagriculture.Otherswillshiftsuccessfullyfromagriculturetoindustryandservices.Yetsomeplaceswillbeunabletoadjustaltogether,andsufferingpopulationswillmostlikelymove.Wearejustbeginningtounderstandthesephenomenainquantitativeterms.Economists,hydrologists,agronomistsandclimatologistswillhavetojoinforcestotakethenextstepsinscientificunderstandingofthishumancrisis.11、Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?A、Manyplacesintheworldareunsuitabletoliveinduetoclimatechange.B、Environmentalpressuresmayrenderplentyofpeopledisplaced.C、Manypeoplemayhavetoleavetheirhometownsforlackofwater.D、Risingsealevelswillbequiteacommonphenomenonaroundtheworld.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。答案在第一、二段中找。文中提到氣候變化可能會(huì)在不久的將來迫使人們遷移，故選B項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)提到由于氣候變化地球上很多地方不適宜居住，表面上看該選項(xiàng)表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確，但are表明了這是既成的事實(shí)，而文中表達(dá)的卻是一種預(yù)測，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；文中的確提及水資源將是造成人口遷移最重要的因素，但有關(guān)水資源的問題表現(xiàn)在方方面面，C項(xiàng)把廣義上的水資源問題限定到了唯一的缺水問題，與事實(shí)不符；D項(xiàng)中上升的海平面文中的確有提及，但后半部分內(nèi)容并未提及。12、AttentionshouldbepaidtohumidareasinSoutheastAsiainthatA、theyaresubjecttothechangesofmonsoonpatterns.B、theyareendangeredbyfastdevelopingindustries.C、anyriseinsealevelswillcausecertaindamagestothem.D、theymaybedriedupbecauseofglobalwarming.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)humidareasinSoutheastAsia，定位到第三段。vulnerableto引導(dǎo)的形容詞詞組修飾humidareas，本身含有因果邏輯關(guān)系，意為“(因?yàn)?東南亞潮濕地區(qū)易受季風(fēng)型態(tài)改變的影響(所以值得密切注意)”，故選A項(xiàng)。文中并未提及B項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容；C項(xiàng)中的them指代humidareas，而文中講的是海平面升高給人類帶來災(zāi)難，而非潮濕地區(qū)，故排除C項(xiàng)；文中提到的是海平面上升給一些地區(qū)帶來的水淹問題。D項(xiàng)中的driedup“干涸”及globalw13、Theword"synchronizing"(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablymeansA、synthesizing.B、preceding.C、coinciding.D、harmonizing.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞義理解題。根據(jù)上下文，居住在河谷附近的居民是依靠融雪和冰川融水灌溉的，而在融雪季節(jié)每年都在提前這一大背景下，造成莊稼干旱的原因只能是融雪季和作物成長季不“同步”，故選C項(xiàng)“同時(shí)發(fā)生”。A項(xiàng)意為“合成”，D項(xiàng)意為“和諧”，意思跟語境沒有任何聯(lián)系，均排除；B項(xiàng)意為“領(lǐng)先”，代人文中為造成莊稼干旱的原因是因?yàn)槿谘┘竞妥魑锍砷L季不“領(lǐng)先”，這說不通，故也排除。14、Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A、Theissueofgreenhousegasemissionsdoesnotdeservesomuchattention.B、Wehavetounderstandclimatechangesinbothquantitativeandqualitativeterms.C、Measuresshouldbetakentohandlethealterationsinwater-societyrelation.D、Peoplefromallwalksoflifeshouldjoinhandsincombatingwatershortage.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。最后一段第二句提到的now表明此處的信息才是更重要的，即如何適應(yīng)氣候變化，如何幫助受影響最深的人們。some后的內(nèi)容給出了一些具體措施，其中提及了改善防洪防暴或能節(jié)約農(nóng)業(yè)水資源的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，這符合C項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，故選C。最后一段的確呼吁人們應(yīng)該更多地關(guān)注如何適應(yīng)氣候變化等相關(guān)問題.但并沒有否認(rèn)對(duì)溫室氣體的關(guān)注，故A項(xiàng)與事實(shí)不符；文中提到定量分析，未提及定性分析，B項(xiàng)無中生有：該段講到各領(lǐng)域科學(xué)家應(yīng)該聯(lián)手研究及應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化帶來的諸多危機(jī)，D項(xiàng)中的watershortage顯然把大概念錯(cuò)誤地用小概念替15、"Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A、WaterandLifeB、ChangesinWater-SocietyRelationC、WaterProblemandItsImpactsD、ClimateChangeRefugees標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨大意題。本文主要講的是全球氣候變化可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致人口大規(guī)模遷移問題的產(chǎn)生，對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，D項(xiàng)最全面。雖然全文花了較大篇幅闡述水資源問題如何引發(fā)人口遷移，但這只是氣候變化造成人口遷移的一個(gè)決定性因素而非全部。A項(xiàng)、B項(xiàng)及C項(xiàng)都只提及水資源和社會(huì)或者生活的關(guān)系，太片面了，均排除。Effortscouldpotentiallyavoidatleastsomeofthepsychopathy(mentalillness)thatunderliesschoolshootings,sincemedicinenowcanhelpeventhemostseverelyill.Andtheywouldalsobenefitthemanyyoungpeoplestrugglingwithfarlessextremebraindisorders.TheU.S.SecretService,whichstudies"targetedviolence",providesinsightontheurgencyoftheneedinits2002"SafeSchoolInitiative"report:Schoolattacks,insteadofbeingtherandomimpulsiveactsofnoisyandcruelfellows,arewell-plannedeventsmostlycarriedoutbyasinglestudent—whoisnotevilbutmentallyillExceptforbeingmale,the41attackersstudiedfitnoprofileoffamilybackground,race,ethnicity,orevenacademicperformance.ManywereAandBstudents.Fewhadahistoryofviolentorcriminalbehavior.Buttheirthoughtswereofviolence,andtheirbehaviorwasoftenintimidating.Theyfrequentlyexpressedviolentthemesintheirwritings,inoneinstanceportrayingkillingandsuicideassolutionstofeelingsofdespair.Thecriminalsoftenhadtelegraphedtootherstudentsandteacherstheirdepressionordesperationandeithertalkedaboutorhadattemptedsuicide.Feelingsofpersecutionbyotherswerecommonandledtogrowingresentmentandanger.Psychiatristsandpsychologistsrecognizethattheseareredflagsdemandingmedicalintervention.Yetoneofthemoststrikingfindingsinthereportwasthatthevastmajorityofthesestudentsneverhadamental-healthevaluation.Nowonderonly17percentwerediagnosedwithapsychiatricillness—itwasn'tlookedfor.Thatalonepointstoahugementalhealthgap:Ifthedistressofthesestudentsdidn'ttriggermedicalattention,it'sunlikelythatlessseverestrugglesthatareseeninasmanyas15to20percentofotherstudentswilldoso.Onlyrecentlyhavewelearnedthattheseareneurodevelopmentaldisorderswhoseearlysignsmightwellbepickedupinroutinepediatricscreening.Forexample,aclassicbehaviorinachildthatcanprecedepsychosislaterinlifeisspeakingtoalmostnoone,evenfamily,saysNasrallah.Genesareknowntoconfervulnerability,butequallyimportantistheenvironment.Stressorgreatdisappointmentcanaggravatesymptoms;connectingwithanadultinanongoingrelationshipcandotheopposite.Interventionslikesocial-skillstrainingcombinedwithtalktherapyandtargetedmedicationcanmakeahugedifference.Earlytreatmentcanlessenthefrequencyandintensityofpsychoticepisodes,leavingmanypatientswithonlythemildestofsymptoms.Andtheyoungerthebrain,themoremalleableitis.Theultimategoalistonotonlymodifyevolutionofdiseasebutkeepitfromarisinginthefirstplace.Thisisachievable,andthepathtogetthereisbecomingclear.16、AccordingtotheUSSecretService,schoolattacksarecharacterizedasA、reactive.B、revengeful.C、plotted.D、impulsive.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)theUSSecretService定位到第二段。解題關(guān)鍵是對(duì)Schoolattacks…notevilbutmentallyill這一長難旬的理解和把握。該句提到校園暴力襲擊是經(jīng)過周密計(jì)劃的(well-planned)，故選C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“反動(dòng)的”、B項(xiàng)“報(bào)復(fù)性的”在文中并未提及，可排除；文中的insteadof說明D項(xiàng)“沖動(dòng)性的”也非校園暴力襲擊的特點(diǎn)。17、OnecommoncharacteristicofschoolattackersisthatA、theyexhibitbadacademicperformances.B、theyhaveviolentthoughtsandintimidatingbehavior.C、theyregardhomicideandsuicideaswaysoftacklingdespair.D、theyhaverecordsofviolenceandcrimes.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Schoolattackers定位到第二段。諸如but，however和yet這樣的轉(zhuǎn)折詞往往是重要信息可能出現(xiàn)的地方，文中講到這些校園襲擊者的共同特點(diǎn)是思想暴力，行為咄咄逼人，故選B項(xiàng)。文中提到“很多都是成績優(yōu)良的學(xué)生”，顯然A項(xiàng)意思與之背道而馳；C項(xiàng)中they過于寬泛，不是他們所有人都視殺人和自殺為應(yīng)對(duì)絕望感的方法，只是oneinstance(個(gè)別案例)；D項(xiàng)說校園襲擊者的共同特點(diǎn)是有暴力和犯罪前科，與原文中提到的few(極少人)這一帶有否定意味的詞相悖。18、WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph3?A、Thereisahugegapbetweenhumanmentality.B、Theschoolattackershaveneverhadanymentalhealthevaluation.C、Medicalattentionshouldbepaidtothedistressofschoolattackers.D、Thefindingsofthereportastonishedpsychiatristsandpsychologists.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。文中提到大多數(shù)制造校園暴力事件的學(xué)生都沒有接受過心理健康測試，也就是這樣的醫(yī)療忽視造成了很嚴(yán)重的后果。而該段最后一句中的Ifthedistress…則暗示這些學(xué)生應(yīng)該得到醫(yī)療關(guān)注，故推斷得出C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人們的心理存在巨大差異，而原文中講的是精神健康的鴻溝之巨大，A項(xiàng)不符事實(shí)；文中說的是thevastmajority(絕大多數(shù))而非全部，故B項(xiàng)推理過度；文中提及報(bào)告中的一些發(fā)現(xiàn)令人矚目，同時(shí)得到了精神病學(xué)家和心理學(xué)家的關(guān)注，但striking(令人矚目的)與astonish(使人震19、Theword"malleable"(Line6,Paragraph5)isclosestinmeaningtoA、miserable.B、adaptable.C、vulnerable.D、active.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語義理解題。該詞所在句子的上一句說“早期治療可以減少精神病發(fā)病頻率和強(qiáng)度，使得最后只呈現(xiàn)十分輕微的癥狀，由此推斷此處是說人越是年輕，大腦越容易改變，治療效果也越好，故選B項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)意為“悲慘的”，文中并無此意；C、D項(xiàng)均意為“脆弱”，如果兩項(xiàng)的意思相近，肯定不是答案，可排除。20、Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A、Bothgenesandenvironmentshouldbeimprovedtotacklebraindisorders.B、Preventionisbyfarmoreimportantthantreatment.C、Mentaldisordersarecurable,andtheearlierthebetter.D、Earlytreatmentcanreducethesufferingsandterminateallthesymptoms.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。最后一段提到及早治療效果好，而且治療的最終目的還包括使病人不會(huì)再次發(fā)病，這是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的，故選C項(xiàng)。原文中并未提及能夠通過改善基因來應(yīng)對(duì)大腦疾病，且根據(jù)常識(shí)，基因是已確定的，無法改變，故A項(xiàng)部分內(nèi)容與事實(shí)不符；此外該段提到早期治療的重要性，但并未涉及預(yù)防這一方面。B項(xiàng)不可選；由文中的onlythemildestofsymptoms可知D項(xiàng)terminateallsymptoms太過絕對(duì)，推斷過度。Anecdotalevidencehaslongheldthatcreativityinartistsandwriterscanbeassociatedwithlivinginforeignparts.RudyardKipling,PabloPicasso,ErnestHemingway,PaulGauguin,SamuelBeckettandothersspentyearsdwellingabroad.Nowapairofpsychologistshasprovedthatthereisindeedalink.AstheyreportintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,WilliamMadduxofINSEAD,abusinessschoolinFontainebleau,France,andAdamGalinsky,oftheKelloggSchoolofManagementinChicago,presented155Americanbusinessstudentsand55foreignonesstudyinginAmericawithatestusedbypsychologistsasameasureofcreativity.Givenacandle,somematchesandaboxofdrawingpins,thestudentswereaskedtoattachthecandletoacardboardwallsothatnowaxwoulddriponthefloorwhenthecandlewaslit.(Thesolutionistousetheboxasacandleholderandfixittothewallwiththepins.)Theyfound60%ofstudentswhowereeitherlivingabroadorhadspentsometimedoingso,solvedtheproblem,whereasonly42%ofthosewhohadnotlivedabroaddidso.Afollow-upstudywith72Americansand36foreignersexploredtheircreativenegotiatingskills.Pairsofstudentswereaskedtoplaytheroleofasellerofapetrolstationwhothenneededtogetajobandabuyerwhowouldneedtohirestafftorunthebusiness.Thetwowerelikelytoreachadeadlockbecausethebuyerhadbeentoldhecouldnotaffordwhatthesellerwastoldwashisminimumprice.Nevertheless,wherebothnegotiatorshadlivedabroad70%struckadealinwhichthesellerwasofferedamanagementjobatthepetrolstationinreturnforaloweraskingprice.Whenneitherofthenegotiatorshadlivedabroad,nonewasabletoreachadeal.Tocheckthattheyhadnotmerelydiscoveredthatcreativepeoplearemorelikelytochoosetoliveabroad,DrMadduxandDrGalinskyidentifiedandmeasuredpersonalitytraits,suchasopennesstonewexperiences,thatareknowntopredictcreativity.Theythenusedstatisticalcontrolstofilteroutsuchfactors.Evenafterthathadbeendone,thestatisticalrelationshipbetweenlivingabroadandcreativityremained,indicatingthatitissomethingfromtheexperienceoflivinginforeignpartsthathelpsfostercreativity.Merelytravellingabroad,however,wasnotenough.Youdohavetolivethere.Packingyourbeachtowelandsuntanlotionwillnot,byitself,makeyouHemingway.21、Intheopeningparagraph,famousnamesarecitedtoshowtherelationshipbetweenA、psychologyandart.B、artisticcreationandlifeexperience.C、creativityandlivingabroad.D、writingandpainting.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，考查例證細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)第一段的第一句話“民間傳聞一直認(rèn)為，藝術(shù)家和作家的創(chuàng)造力和旅居國外有關(guān)”，以及該段最后一句話“現(xiàn)在，兩位心理學(xué)家已經(jīng)證明，創(chuàng)造力和旅居國外確實(shí)存在聯(lián)系”可得出答案。文章第一段提到了藝術(shù)家和作家兩種人，A、D項(xiàng)牽強(qiáng)附會(huì)，曲解為心理學(xué)與藝術(shù)，寫作與繪畫的關(guān)系；B項(xiàng)中的lifeexperience范圍太寬泛，不夠準(zhǔn)確。22、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatA、WilliamMadduxandAdamGalinskyhavecarefullydesignedthetest.B、theexperienceoflivingabroadcangivepeopleacreativeedge.C、Americanbusinessstudentsarelesscreativethanthoseoverseastudents.D、one’screativityisassociatedwiththelengthonehasspentabroad.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。通讀第二段可發(fā)現(xiàn)在實(shí)驗(yàn)中擁有海外生活經(jīng)歷的學(xué)生比沒有海外生活經(jīng)歷的學(xué)生更好地完成了任務(wù)，這與B項(xiàng)符合。根據(jù)文中的usedbypsychologistsasameasureofcreativilty說明這項(xiàng)測試已經(jīng)被其他心理學(xué)家使用，并非威廉.馬達(dá)克斯和亞當(dāng).加林斯基精心設(shè)計(jì)的，因此A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“美國商科學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造力比海外學(xué)生差”屬曲解事實(shí)；D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人的創(chuàng)造力與他在海外逗留時(shí)間的長短有關(guān)”在文中并未提及。23、Theword"deadlock"(Lane4,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeansA、afailuretoreachagreement.B、anintractabledilemma.C、anunacceptableoffer.D、abitterquarrel.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語義理解題。根據(jù)deadlock后面的原因狀語從句“因?yàn)橘I者被告知他無法負(fù)擔(dān)銷售員被告知的最低價(jià)”可推測得出deadlock可能指學(xué)生無法達(dá)成一致意見，因此A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)中的dilemma指的是進(jìn)退兩難，與文章意思不符；C項(xiàng)“無法接受的報(bào)價(jià)”和D項(xiàng)“激烈爭吵”均無原文依據(jù)支持。24、DrMadduxandDrGalinskyadoptedstatisticalcontrolstoA、filterouttheinterferencefactorssuchaspersonalitytraits.B、identifythestatisticalrelationshipbetweenpersonalityandcreativity.C、analyzetheinteractionbetweenpersonalityandcreativity.D、measuretheinfluenceofopennesstonewexperiencesoncreativity.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)statisticalcontrol定位到第四段第二句話，后面的tofilteroutsuchfactors表示使用統(tǒng)計(jì)控制的目的在于去除這些因素，而該段的第一句話即說明了這些因素是指能預(yù)測創(chuàng)造力的個(gè)人特征，這與A項(xiàng)符合。由第四段的開頭兩句可得出B項(xiàng)“找出個(gè)性和創(chuàng)造力之間的統(tǒng)計(jì)關(guān)系”和C項(xiàng)“分析個(gè)性和創(chuàng)造力之間的互動(dòng)”都是錯(cuò)誤的；D項(xiàng)“測量新體驗(yàn)的開放性對(duì)創(chuàng)造力的影響”是對(duì)文章的狹隘理解，以偏概全。25、InthelastsentenceofParagraph5,theauthormeansthatA、thereexistsharpdifferencesbetweentravelingandlivingabroad.B、merelytravelingabroadlendsnohelpincultivatingone’screativity.C、onlyrealexperienceoflivingabroadcanhelpfostercreativity.D、thetravellingpartoflivingabroadavailstonothingaboutone’screativity.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。從最后一段的第一句話“但是，僅僅出國旅游是不夠的，你得在那里生活”可得知要培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力必須要在國外真正地生活。這與C項(xiàng)符合。A項(xiàng)“出國旅游和在國外生活存在著巨大的差別”屬片面理解。與文章主旨無關(guān)；B項(xiàng)中的lendsnohelp和D項(xiàng)中的avails,tonothing太絕對(duì)，與原文“僅僅出國旅游是不夠的”不符?？佳杏⒄Z（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)AnalarmingonefifthofallMedicarepatientsdischargedfromthehospitalendupbackinthehospitalwithin30days,andfullyathirdreturnwithin90days.Ifthisyo-yoingcouldbegreatlyreduced,Medicarecouldsavebillionsofdollars.Manypatientswouldcertainlybenefitfromthebettercare.Highratesofrehospitalizationarepartlythefaultofthehospitals.ThemorefundamentalproblemisthefragmentednatureoftheAmericanmedicalsystem:toooften,healthcareprovidersfailtocommunicatewithoneanother,patientsfallbetweenthecracksandnooneseemsclearlyinchargeofapatient'swelfare.Anewanalysisbythreeresearchers,publishedinTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine,estimatedthatunplannedrehospitalizationsamongfee-for-servicebeneficiariescostMedicare$17.4billioninfiscalyear2004,whichisabigchunkofthe$102.6billionthatMedicarepaidhospitalsthatyear.Mostpatientswerereadmittedforproblemsotherthanthosethatledtotheiroriginalhospitalizations.Surgicalpatients,forexample,weretypicallyreadmittedforsuchmedicalconditionsaspneumonia,heartfailureorbacterialinfections.Someofthesereadmissionsmayhavebeenunavoidableinanelderly,sickpopulation.Butmanycouldsurelyhavebeenpreventedthroughbetterplanningandcoordination.Themostdisturbingfindingwasthathalfofthemedical(nonsurgical)patientsreadmittedwithin30dayshadnotseenaphysicianforfollow-upcareaftertheyweredischarged.Theywereapparentlyleftontheirown,perhapswithpoorlyunderstoodinstructionsfromthehospitalonhowtotakecareofthemselves.Therewasalsowidevariationinreadmissionratesbetweenhospitalsandbetweenstates:only13percentofpatientswerereadmittedwithin30daysinIdaho,comparedwith22percentinMaryland.Thatsuggeststhatthereisplentyofroomforimprovement.Therateswereadjustedtocompensatefortheseverityofpatients'illnesses,sohospitalsandstateswithhighreadmissionratescan'teasilyblamecaringforsickerpatients.Proposedsolutionsincludebetterdischargeplanningbyhospitals,moreeffectiveeducationofpatientsandclosercooperationbetweenhospitalsandphysicianstoensurefollow-upcare.TheObamaadministration,aspartofitsambitioushealthcarereform,hasproposedthatMedicareuseincentivesandpenaltiestoencouragehospitalsanddoctorstocooperateinoverseeing