2021年考研《英語(yǔ)二》真題及答案解析(跨考版)

第第頁(yè)2021年考研《英語(yǔ)二》真題及答案解析(跨考版)第1頁(yè)：完型填空第2頁(yè)：閱讀理解第7頁(yè)：翻譯第8頁(yè)：寫作

Section1UseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence__1__firm’swork,too.

Companieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper.__2__,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D(researchanddevelopment).That’sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking__3__formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.

Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe__4__andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould__5__thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.cities’averagehappiness__6__byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.

__7__enough,firms’investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere__8__.Butisitreallyhappinessthat’slinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities__9__whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolledforvarious__10__thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest–likesize,industry,andsales–andforindicatorsthataplacewas__11__tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally__12__evenafteraccountingforthesethings.

Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthors__13__to“l(fā)esscodifieddecisionmakingprocess”andthepossiblepresenceof“youngerandless__14__managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment.”Therelationshipwas__15__strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore__16__.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaceswheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappinessinequality.

__17__thisdoesn’tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast__18__atthatpossibility.It’snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp__19__howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture.“Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand__20__R&Dmorethantheaverage,”saidoneresearcher.

1.[A]why[B]where[C]how[D]when

2.[A]Inreturn[B]Inparticular[C]Incontrast[D]Inconclusion

3.[A]sufficient[B]famous[C]perfect[D]necessary

4.[A]individualism[B]modernism[C]optimism[D]realism

5.[A]echo[B]miss[C]spoil[D]change

6.[A]imagined[B]measured[C]invented[D]assumed

7.[A]Sure[B]Odd[C]Unfortunate[D]Often

8.[A]advertised[B]divided[C]overtaxed[D]headquartered

9.[A]explain[B]overstate[C]summarize[D]emphasize

10.[A]stages[B]factors[C]levels[D]methods

11.[A]desirable[B]sociable[C]reputable[D]reliable

12.[A]resumed[B]held[C]emerged[D]broke

13.[A]attribute[B]assign[C]transfer[D]compare

14.[A]serious[B]civilized[C]ambitious[D]experienced

15.[A]thus[B]instead[C]also[D]never

16.[A]rapidly[B]regularly[C]directly[D]equally

17.[A]After[B]Until[C]While[D]Since

18.[A]arrives[B]jumps[C]hints[D]strikes

19.[A]shape[B]rediscover[C]simplify[D]share20.[A]prayfor[B]leantowards[C]giveaway[D]sendout

1.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]how

[考點(diǎn)分析]連詞辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，“新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明：快樂可能會(huì)影響工作__的穩(wěn)定。”[A]為什么[B]哪里[C]怎樣，多么[D]當(dāng)…時(shí)候。根據(jù)語(yǔ)義分析，C選項(xiàng)填入原文，譯為“快樂可能會(huì)影響工作是有多么穩(wěn)定”，C為正確選項(xiàng)。

2.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]Inparticular

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義以及短語(yǔ)辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析][A]反過來[B]尤其是[C]相反[D]總的來說根據(jù)前文語(yǔ)境，第二段第一句譯為“根據(jù)近期的研究，擁有更多快樂的人的公司會(huì)投資更多”。而第二句“_______那些在快樂氛圍中的公司會(huì)做更多的研發(fā)以及發(fā)展?！暗诙涫窃诘谝痪涞幕A(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)說明，因此B選項(xiàng)更符合語(yǔ)境要求。

3.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]necessary

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析][A]充足的[B]著名的[C]完美的[D]必要的首先，根據(jù)本句題干“That’sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking3formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.”譯為“因?yàn)榭鞓放c對(duì)未來投資有______長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)考慮相聯(lián)系。”要求填寫形容詞,我們要考慮其搭配與其修飾成分。空格處搭配介詞for,并且修飾“長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)考慮”。因此D選項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境要求。

4.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]optimism

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析][A]個(gè)人主義[B]現(xiàn)代主義[C]樂觀主義[D]現(xiàn)實(shí)主義本題考查同后綴的名詞辨析。根據(jù)原文主旨，探討“happypeople”與公司的關(guān)系。那么，衡量四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有C選項(xiàng)符合主旨要求。

5.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]change

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析][A]發(fā)出回聲[B]想念，錯(cuò)過[C]破壞[D]改變根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境，“would5thewaycompaniesinvested.”本題考查動(dòng)賓搭配，賓語(yǔ)為“公司投資的方式”只有D選項(xiàng)搭配最為合理。

6.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]measured

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析][A]想象[B]衡量，測(cè)量[C]發(fā)明[D]假定，設(shè)想“SotheycomparedU.S.cities’averagehappiness6byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.”譯為“他們把蓋洛普咨詢公司所_____的美國(guó)城市平均幸福指數(shù)與該地區(qū)的上市公司投資活躍度進(jìn)行對(duì)比。”根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境，蓋洛普咨詢公司所做的應(yīng)該是一個(gè)“既定事實(shí)”所以排除ACD。因此，B選項(xiàng)為最佳選項(xiàng)。

7.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]Sure

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及固定搭配

[選項(xiàng)分析][A]確信的[B]奇怪的[C]不幸運(yùn)的[D]經(jīng)常的本題為固定搭配“sureenough”譯為“足以肯定的是，”

8.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]headquartered

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析][A]廣告的[B]劃分的[C]課稅過重的[D]位于總部的根據(jù)原文“firms’investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere8.”譯為“足以肯定的是，公司投資與研發(fā)力度與公司______的幸福指數(shù)相關(guān)。”inwhich引導(dǎo)表示地點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為area.對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，ABC不足以說明此地點(diǎn)的真實(shí)含義。因此，D選項(xiàng)，搭配前文area,構(gòu)成“總部所在地”最為合理。

9.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]explain

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析][A]解釋[B]夸大[C]概述[D]重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)根據(jù)原文“…orouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities9whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?”A選項(xiàng)“explain”常和后文“why”搭配使用。

10.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]factors

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析][A]階段[B]因素[C]等級(jí)[D]方法根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境“Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolledforvarious10thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest–likesize,industry,andsales…”本題中，破折號(hào)后面“大小，產(chǎn)業(yè)，銷售”這些都是“讓公司有更多投資的”因素。因此，B選項(xiàng)最符合原文語(yǔ)境。

11.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]desirable

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義和形容詞

[選項(xiàng)分析]該空填的是形容詞，用來修飾前面的名詞place,并且在意義上也是對(duì)后面likegrowthinwagesorpopulation的解釋，可以看出來應(yīng)該是填褒義詞，并且能修飾place.所以只有[A]desirable合適的符合文章。[B]social社交的[C]reputable受尊敬的[D]reliable可依靠的。

12.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]held

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]該句算是這一段的總結(jié)句，該段整體在描述幸福與投資之間的關(guān)系，而這一link就只能得出了，只有[B]held”得出”符合語(yǔ)境。Aresumed“重新開始”，Cemerge“浮現(xiàn)”，Dbroke“破壞”。

13.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]attribute

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文邏輯關(guān)系以及動(dòng)詞詞組辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]該空是一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所在地，動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)就是前面的主句，強(qiáng)調(diào)“幸福與投資之間的關(guān)系尤其適用于新公司”這一結(jié)論與后面“所做決定會(huì)偏草率”之間的關(guān)系，能看出是一個(gè)因果關(guān)系，因此答案選擇[A]attribute與to搭配表示“歸因于……”，而[B]assignto表示“指派”[C]transferto“轉(zhuǎn)移到”[D]compareto“與……比較”均不符合題意。

14.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]experienced

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]此處很簡(jiǎn)單，前面有一個(gè)并列連詞and,與前面的young一致修飾managers,強(qiáng)調(diào)新公司的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)年輕并缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，只有[D]experienced最合適。

15.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]also

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文邏輯關(guān)系以及副詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]前面說到了“年輕的新經(jīng)理決策時(shí)更容易受情緒影響。”與后面的“這種關(guān)系在員工幸福指數(shù)_____的公司尤為明顯。公司似乎樂于投資那些相對(duì)快樂的員工所在的部門，而不是那些不快樂的部門。”之間很明顯是一種遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，所以只有[C]also合適。

”

16.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]equally

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及副詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]這題是考察副詞修飾spread,但是更要注意的是該句“這種關(guān)系在員工幸福指數(shù)_____的公司尤為明顯。公司似乎樂于投資那些相對(duì)快樂的員工所在的部門，而不是那些不快樂的部門。”中該空與后面的inequality形成復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，所以很容易判斷出答案選擇[D]equally。

17.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]while

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文邏輯關(guān)系

[選項(xiàng)分析]該題是典型的考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系的題目，因此著力點(diǎn)應(yīng)該放在上一段和這一段之間的關(guān)系。這一段第一句明確說出“這并不證明是幸福導(dǎo)致公司大量投資……”，所以兩句話之間是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，選擇while.

18.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]hints

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]該題可以看出是考察動(dòng)詞與at的固定搭配，arriveat是“到達(dá)，抵達(dá)”，jumpat是“撲向;欣然接受”hintat是“暗示”strikeat是“襲擊，攻擊”，文章中的atleast和thatpossibility論證了這是一種可能，只有hintat有這層含義。

19.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]shape

[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析

[選項(xiàng)分析]根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)該選一個(gè)“影響”未來看法含義的動(dòng)詞，[B]是“再發(fā)現(xiàn)”[C]是“使簡(jiǎn)化，使單純”[D]是“分享”所以可以均可以排除，A是“塑造，形成，影響”，所以A項(xiàng)是最佳答案。

20.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]leantowards

[選項(xiàng)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞組詞義辨析

[考點(diǎn)分析]本空考察動(dòng)詞詞組，且該詞組詞義應(yīng)與and前面意思保持一致，且作用對(duì)象為研發(fā)。[A]prayfor祈禱[B]leantowards傾向[C]giveaway放棄，泄露[D]sendout放出，給予。只有[B]選項(xiàng)能表達(dá)一種遞進(jìn)含義。

【全文翻譯】

快樂的人工作起來會(huì)有不同。他們更多產(chǎn)，更有創(chuàng)造力，也更愿意去冒險(xiǎn)。近期的一項(xiàng)研究表明快樂也可能會(huì)影響公司的工作。

根據(jù)近期的研究報(bào)告，在各地的公司里，擁有更多快樂的員工會(huì)投入的更多。尤其是那些在快樂氛圍中的公司會(huì)做更多的研發(fā)以及發(fā)展。因?yàn)榭鞓放c對(duì)未來投資有必要的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)考慮相聯(lián)系。這是因?yàn)閷?duì)未來進(jìn)行投資需要作出長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)決策，而這種決策與快樂相關(guān)。

研究者希望了解樂觀精神和隨快樂而來的冒險(xiǎn)精神是否會(huì)改變公司投資的方式。因此，他們把蓋洛普咨詢公司所評(píng)估出的美國(guó)城市平均幸福指數(shù)與該地區(qū)的上市公司投資活躍度進(jìn)行對(duì)比。

足以肯定的是，公司投資和研發(fā)力度與公司總部所在地的幸福指數(shù)相關(guān)。但是幸福真的與投資相關(guān)嗎?或者說幸福指數(shù)更高的城市的其他方面能夠說明公司為何加大研發(fā)投入。為了弄清這一點(diǎn)，研究者掌握了多種可能促使公司投資的因素，例如規(guī)模，產(chǎn)業(yè)，銷售，也掌握了各種指標(biāo)，如適宜居住地，工資漲幅及人口變化。了解這些問題后，幸福與投資的關(guān)系就能夠輕松得出了。

幸福與投資之間的關(guān)系尤其適用于新公司，這是因?yàn)樾鹿舅鰶Q定會(huì)偏草率，而且年輕的新經(jīng)理決策時(shí)更容易受情緒影響。同樣，這種關(guān)系在員工幸福指數(shù)相同的公司尤為明顯。公司似乎樂于投資那些相對(duì)快樂的員工所在的部門，而不是那些不快樂的部門。

然而這并不證明是幸福導(dǎo)致公司大量投資，或者從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的角度來講，研究人員認(rèn)為至少它預(yù)示著這種可能性。不難想象，本地文化以及情感有助于影響高管對(duì)于未來的看法?！翱鞓返娜吮绕胀ㄈ擞蓄A(yù)見性、創(chuàng)造力、更善于研發(fā)這種說法似乎更可信。”一位研究者說。

第1頁(yè)：完型填空第2頁(yè)：閱讀理解第7頁(yè)：翻譯第8頁(yè)：寫作

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

It’struethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren’tessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege.Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses,saidTomCortina,theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon’sSchoolofComputerScience.

However,Cortinasaid,earlyexposureisbeneficial.Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience,theylearnthatit’snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers—butatooltobuildapps,orcreateartwork,ortesthypotheses.It’snotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethembecomesnormal.Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,Cortinasaid.

Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,whereintroductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway.

TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcampsthat’sbecomepopularforadultslookingforacareerchange.Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,but“wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey’reinterestedin,”saidVictoriaFriedman,aninstructor.Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood.

ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon’tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenextFacebook.Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sothe“RubyonRails”languagetheylearnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket.Buttheskillstheylearn—howtothinklogicallythroughaproblemand

organizetheresults—applytoanycodinglanguage,saidDeborahSeehorn,aneducationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina.

Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers—intheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes—fortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant—theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat—thebetter.

21.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto____.

A.completefuturejobtraining

B.remodelthewayofthinking

C.formulatelogicalhypotheses

D.perfectartworkproduction

22.Indeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsideredtheir____.

A.experience

B.academicbackgrounds

C.careerprospects

D.interest

23.DeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill____.

A.helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguages

B.havetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescome

C.needimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobs

D.enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney

24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpectedto____.

A.competewithafuturearmyofprogrammers

B.staylongerintheinformationtechnologyindustry

C.becomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworld

D.bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologies

25.Theword“coax”(Line4,Para.6)isclosestinmeaningto____.

A.challenge

B.persuade

C.frighten

D.misguide

答案：

Text1

21答案Bremodelthewayofthinking.

解析：此題是文中人物觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)Cortina定位到第二段前三句。Cortina認(rèn)為盡早接觸計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)是有益的。第三句It’snotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.譯為在轉(zhuǎn)變思維程序方面小孩不像年齡較大的學(xué)生一樣困難，即Bremodelthewayofthinking轉(zhuǎn)變思維方式即為同義替換。

22答案Dinterest

解析：此題是細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Friedman定位到第四段第二句but之后引號(hào)里面內(nèi)容“我們?cè)噲D讓課程符合學(xué)生興趣”，故而Dinterest為正確答案。

23答案Ahelpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguages

解析：文中人物觀點(diǎn)題。題干問的是DeborahSeehorn認(rèn)為在Flatiron這里所學(xué)到的技能將能怎么樣，據(jù)此定位到第五段But處，和題干基本一致，該句指出“Buttheskillstheylearn…appltoanycodinglanguage”，意思是他們學(xué)到的技能可以應(yīng)用于任何編碼語(yǔ)言。對(duì)比答案選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)的意思是“幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)其他的計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言”屬于原文定位處的同義替換。

24答案Cbecomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworld

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。題干指出：根據(jù)最后一段，F(xiàn)latiron的學(xué)生被期望去干什么。據(jù)此定位到最后一段的Thesekidsaregoingtobe處，是題干的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。定位句“Thesekidsare…besurroundedbycomputersfortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink…….thebetter.”，意思是學(xué)生們?cè)皆鐚W(xué)越好。C選項(xiàng)“為數(shù)字化的未來做更好的準(zhǔn)備”是同義概述。

25答案Bpersuade

解析：詞義句意題，結(jié)合上下文來解題。根據(jù)coax此單詞，定位到最后一段最后一句“howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant”，考察固定搭配“persuade…into…”。A選項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)，B選項(xiàng)勸服，C選項(xiàng)使恐慌，D選項(xiàng)誤導(dǎo)。考生做題時(shí)一定要注意結(jié)合上下文來推測(cè)生詞的詞義，這是命題人的出題規(guī)律。

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Text2

Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickensakindofbirdlivingonstretchinggrasslands—oncelentredtotheoftengraylandscapeofthemidwesternandsouthwesternUnitedStates.Butjustsome22,000birdsremaintoday,occupyingabout16%ofthespecies’historicrange.

ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.SFishandWildlifeService(USFWS)decidedtoformallylistthebirdasthreatened.“Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation,”saidUSFWSDirectorDanielAshe.Someenvironmentalists,however,weredisappointed.Theyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdas“endangered,”astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowertocrackdownonthreats.ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe“threatened”taggavethefederalgovernmentflexibilitytotryoutnew,potentiallylessconfrontationalconservationsapproaches.Inparticular,theycalledforforgingclosercollaborationswithwesternstategovernments,whichareoftenuneasywithfederalactionandwiththeprivatelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken’shabitat.

Undertheplan,forexample,theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownerorbusinessesthatunintentionallykill,harm,ordisturbthebird,aslongastheyhadsignedarange—widemanagementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat.NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplanrequiresindividualsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswhosetasidehabitat,USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof67,000birdsoverthenext10years.AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies(WAFWA),acoalitionofstateagencies,thejobofmonitoringprogress.Overall,theideaistolet“states”remaininthedriver’sseatformanagingthespecies，”Ashesaid.

Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoricSomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblocktheplan,andatleastadozenindustrygroups,fourstates,andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederalcourtNotsurprisingly,doesn’tgofarenough“Thefederalgovernmentisgivingresponsibilityformanagingthebirdtothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction,”saysbiologistJayLininger.

26.Themajorreasonforlistingthelesserprairieasthreatenedis____

[A]itsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation

[B]theunderestimateofthegrasslandacreage

[C]adesperateappealfromsomebiologists

[D]theinsistenceofprivatelandowners

27.The“threatened”tagdisappointedsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit_____

[A]wasagive-intogovernmentalpressure

[B]wouldinvolvefeweragenciesinaction

[C]grantedlessfederalregulatorypower

[D]wentagainstconservationpolicies

28.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatunintentionalharm-doerswillnotbeprosecutedifthey_____

[A]agreetopayasumforcompensation

[B]volunteertosetupanequallybighabitat

[C]offertosupporttheWAFWAmonitoringjob

[D]promisetoraisefundsforUSFWSoperations

29.AccordingtoAshe，theleadingroleinmanagingthespeciesin______

[A]thefederalgovernment

[B]thewildlifeagencies

[C]thelandowners

[D]thestates

30.JayLiningerwouldmostlikelysupport_______

[A]industrygroups

[B]thewin-winrhetoric

[C]environmentalgroups

[D]theplanunderchallenge

26答案Aitsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation

解析：此題是原因細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段But前后關(guān)于lesserprairiechickens數(shù)量2million和22,000的強(qiáng)烈對(duì)比。此外第二段第二句“thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation”都可以得知Aitsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation數(shù)量的急劇下降為正確答案。

27答案Cgrantedlessfederalregulatorypowers

解析：此題是原因細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段第四句，Theyhad…,astatethatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypower.而But之后是截然相反的事實(shí)，即政府授予了更少的管理權(quán)。故而Cgrantedlessfederalregulatorypowers為正確答案。

28答案Aagreetopayasumforcompensation

解析：推斷題。題干問的是從第三段推出來：無(wú)意傷害的那些人是不會(huì)被檢舉的如果怎么樣。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段首句“itwouldnotprosecute….aslongas….”，題干中問的if即原文的aslongas的同意替換，原文aslongas的意思是：只要他們簽署了計(jì)劃。下一句說道，該計(jì)劃要求個(gè)體和企業(yè)去支付基金。對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)“贊同支付賠償”屬于同義替換。

29答案Dthestates

解析：此題是細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段最后一句theideaistoletthe“states”remaininthedriver’sseatformanagingthespecies,Ashesaid.其中inthedriver’sseat對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的theleadingrole,故而Dstates為正確答案。

30答案Cenvironmentalgroups

解析：文中人物觀點(diǎn)題。題干問的是JayLininger最可能支持誰(shuí)，大寫人名定位到末段最后一句。最后一句提到：生物學(xué)家JayLininger說道聯(lián)邦政府要把責(zé)任推給導(dǎo)致鳥類滅絕的企業(yè)，顯然是對(duì)政府和企業(yè)的反對(duì)。再往前看一句，指出：企業(yè)團(tuán)體和政府部門觀點(diǎn)一致，環(huán)境學(xué)家與其觀點(diǎn)恰巧一致。因此，JayLininger最支持環(huán)境團(tuán)體的觀點(diǎn)了。

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Text3

Thateveryone’stoobusythesedaysisacliché.Butonespecificcomplaintismadeespeciallymournfully：There’sneveranytimetoread.

Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’tseemsufficient.Theweb’sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread:“GiveupTV”or“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”Butinmyexperience,usingsuchmethodstofreeuptheodd30minutesdoesn’twork.Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinning-orelseyou’resoexhaustedthatachallengingbook’sthelastthingyouneed.Themodernmind,TimParks,anovelistandcritic,writes,“isoverwhelminglyinclinedtowardcommunication…Itisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted;itisthatoneisactuallyinclinedtointerruption”.Deepreadingrequiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindoftimewhichcan’tbeobtainedmerelybybecomingmoreefficient.

Infact,“becomingmoreefficient”ispartoftheproblem.Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobemaximisedmeansyouapproachitinstrumentally,judginganygivenmomentaswellspentonlyinsofarasitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoalimmersivereading,bycontrast,dependsonbeingwillingtoriskinefficiency,goallessness,eventime-wasting.Trytoslotitasato-dolistitemandyou’llmanageonlygoal-focusedreading-useful,sometimes,butnotthemostfulfillingkind.“Thefuturecomesatuslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearlyinfiniteconveyorbelt,”writesGaryEberleinhisbookSacredTime,and“wefeelapressuretofillthesedifferent-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes)astheypass,foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhavewastedthem”.Nomind-setcouldbeworseforlosingyourselfinabook.

Sowhatdoeswork?Perhapssurprisingly,schedulingregulartimesforreading.You’dthinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,Eberlenotes,suchritualisticbehaviourhelpsus“stepoutsidetime’sflow”into“soultime”.Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks,oronsingle-purposee-readers.“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canactuallywork,too-providingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatreadingbecomesthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness,beforedroppingbackdown.Onareallygoodday,itnolongerfeelsasifyou’re“makingtimetoread,”butjustreading,andmakingtimeforeverythingelse.

31.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’tworkbecause

[A]whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodernmind

[B]whatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivereading

[C]whatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwiththem

[D]whatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeguaranteed

32.The“emptybottles”metaphorillustratesthatpeoplefeelapressureto

[A]updatetheirto-dolists

[B]makepassingtimefulfilling

[C]carrytheirplansthrough

[D]pursuecarefreereading

33.Eberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreadinghelps

[A]encouragetheefficiencymind-set

[B]developonlinereadinghabits

[C]promoteritualisticreading

[D]achieveimmersivereading

34.“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canworkif

[A]readingbecomesyourprimarybusinessoftheday

[B]allthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealtwith

[C]youareabletodropbacktobusinessafterreading

[D]timecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandbusiness

35.Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe

[A]HowtoEnjoyEasyReading

[B]HowtoFindTimetoRead

[C]HowtoSetReadingGoals

[D]HowtoReadExtensively

31答案Dwhatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeguaranteed.

解析：因果細(xì)節(jié)題。題干指出：傳統(tǒng)的時(shí)間管理方法不起作用的原因是什么。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段首句指出theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’tseemsufficient，是題干的同義替換，但要找原因。整段都在分析過程環(huán)節(jié)，最終原因必然在該段末句提到。直接定位到該段末句，指出深入閱讀不僅需要時(shí)間，而且是一種僅僅通過有效無(wú)法獲得的一種時(shí)間。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)D，深入閱讀所需的無(wú)法得到確保，是原文末句的同義替換。

32答案Bmakepassingtimefulfilling

解析：題干問的是“emptybottles”暗喻證明了人們?cè)谧鍪裁捶矫嬗袎毫?，emptybottles直接可以在文中GaryEberle所說的話中找到：“Thefuturecomesatuslikeemptybottles…”。其所說的話證明的目的必然是為了說明前一句的觀點(diǎn)。因此，該題定位到三段“trytoslot…butnotthemostfulfillingkind”，該句就指出：只會(huì)處理目標(biāo)集中的閱讀，這是有用的，但不是最有滿足感的。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)B使流逝的時(shí)間更有滿足感，是原文的同義替換。

33答案Dachieveimmersivereading

解析：文中人物觀點(diǎn)題，注意區(qū)分文中人物觀點(diǎn)和作者觀點(diǎn)。題干問的是Eberle贊同為閱讀設(shè)定規(guī)定性時(shí)間幫助什么。根據(jù)題干精確定位到第四段第二句：“You’dthinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,E…..intosoultime”，意思是你會(huì)認(rèn)為這可以提升效率性思維設(shè)定，但實(shí)際上這些行為幫助我們跨入到靈魂閱讀時(shí)間。對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)D，獲得深入閱讀，屬于同義替換。

34答案Areadingbecomesyourprimarybusinessoftheday

解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。題干指出：總是帶一本書會(huì)起作用如果怎么樣。根據(jù)題干定位到末段中間部分“carryabookwithyouatalltimescanactuallywork,too…sothatreadingbecomesthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness.”，意思是這樣的話閱讀就成為默認(rèn)狀態(tài)，偶爾會(huì)出來管理工作(注意business并非默認(rèn)狀態(tài)，非主要事情)。對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A閱讀成為每天的主要任務(wù)，是該句的同義替換。

35答案BHowtoFindTimetoRead

解析：標(biāo)題題，即全文中心主旨。通過題干，可發(fā)現(xiàn)題干關(guān)鍵詞中time復(fù)現(xiàn)多次，因此可確定time為全文的主題詞。整篇文章都圍繞閱讀時(shí)間來展開，因此正確答案為A如何尋找閱讀時(shí)間。

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Text4

Againstabackdropofdrasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure,youngerAmericansaredrawinganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess,alatestpollhasfound.

Acrossgenerationallines,Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditionalmilestonesofasuccessfullife,includinggettingmarried,havingchildren,owningahome,andretiringintheirsixties.Butwhileyoungandoldmostlyagreeonwhatconstitutesthefinishlineofafulfillinglife,theyofferstrikinglydifferentpathsforreachingit.

Youngpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelythanolderadultstoprioritizepersonalfulfillmentintheirwork,tobelievetheywilladvancetheircareersmostbyregularlychangingjobs,tofavorcommunitieswithmorepublicservicesandafasterpaceoflife,toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren,andtomaintainthatchildrenarebestservedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidethehome,thesurveyfound.

Fromcareertocommunityandfamily,thesecontrastssuggestthatintheaftermathofthesearingGreatRecession,thosejuststartingoutinlifearedefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthatwillincreasinglyspreadthroughvirtuallyallaspectsofAmericanlife,fromconsumerpreferencestohousingpatternstopolitics.

Youngandoldconvergeononekeypoint:Overwhelmingmajoritiesofbothgroupssaidtheybelieveitisharderforyoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations.Whileyoungerpeoplearesomewhatmoreoptimisticthantheireldersabouttheprospectsforthosestartingouttoday,bigmajoritiesinbothgroupsbelievethose“justgettingstartedinlife”faceatougheragood-payingjob,startingafamily,managingdebt,andfindingaffordablehousing.

PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday.Schneider,a27-yaear-oldautotechnicianfromtheChicagosuburbssayshestruggledtofindajobaftergraduatingfromcollege.Evennowthatheisworkingsteadily,hesaid.”Ican’taffordtopaymamonthlymortgagepaymentsonmyown,soIhavetorentroomsouttopeopletomarkthathappen.”Lookingback,heisstruckthathisparentscouldprovideacomfortablelifefortheirchildreneventhoughneitherhadcompletedcollegewhenhewasyoung.“Istillgrewupinanuppermiddle-classhomewithparentswhodidn’thavecollegedegrees,”Schneidersaid.“Idon’tthinkpeoplearecapableofthatanymore.”

36.Onecross-generationmarkofasuccessfullifeis_____.

[A]tryingoutdifferentlifestyles

[B]havingafamilywithchildren

[C]workingbeyondretirementage

[D]settingupaprofitablebusiness

37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletendto____.

[A]favoraslowerlifepace

[B]holdanoccupationlonger

[C]attachimportancetopre-maritalfinance

[D]giveprioritytochildcareoutsidethehome

38.Theprioritiesandexpectationsdefinedbytheyoungwill____.

[A]becomeincreasinglyclear

[B]focusonmaterialisticissues

[C]dependlargelyonpoliticalpreferences

[D]reachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlife

39.Bothyoungandoldagreethat____.

[A]good-payingjobsarelessavailable

[B]theoldmademorelifeachievements

[C]housingloanstodayareeasytoobtain

[D]gettingestablishedisharderfortheyoung

40.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSchneider?

[A]Hefoundadreamjobaftergraduatingfromcollege.

[B]Hisparentsbelieveworkingsteadilyisamustforsuccess.

[C]Hisparents’goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegedegree.

[D]Hethinkshisjobasatechnicianquitechallenging.

36答案Bhavingafamilywithchildren

解析：此題是細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段第一句Acrossgenerationallines,…includinggettingmarried,havingchildren…即成功的標(biāo)志包括結(jié)婚生子，故而正確選項(xiàng)是Bhavingafamilywithchildren.

37答案Cattachimportancetopre-maritalfinance

解析：此題是細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段第一句Youngpeople…toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren…即年輕人認(rèn)為夫妻在結(jié)婚前或者生小孩前應(yīng)該在經(jīng)濟(jì)上是穩(wěn)定的，故而Cat