2020年考研英語二真題及答案 MBA聯(lián)考

2020年考研英語二真題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,Cor

DontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwouldliketobe.Butdefiningwhatit

meanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery1particularlysincechildrenresponddifferently

tothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortof

parentingthan,2,ayoungersibling.

3,there9sanothersortofparentthatsabiteasierto4:apatientparent.Childrenof

everyagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still,5everyparentwouldliketobepatient,thisisno

easy6,Sometimesparentsgetexhaustedandfrustratedandareunabletomaintaina7and

composedstylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.

You'reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan8youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe_

9happens:Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthatwasabit

too10anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyoucould11theclockandstartover,

We'veallbeenthere:

12.eventhoughit'scommon,it'simportanttokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentof

fatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay13foralongtime.Thismaynotonly

dodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbutalso14yourchild'sself-esteem.

Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour15withyourkids,thenyouareinadvertentlymodelingalack

ofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe16ofmodeling

toleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughout

life.Infact,theabilitytoemotionallyregulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen17bystressis

oneofthemostimportantofalllife9sskills

Certainly,ifsincredibly18tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourchildren.Amore

practicalgoalistotry,tothebestofyourability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhen

facedwith19situationsinvolvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:asaresultofworking

towardthisgoal,youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand20fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetter

physicallyandemotionally.

1.[A]tedious[B]pleasant[C]instructive[D]tricky

2.[A]inaddition[B]forexample[C]atonce[D]byaccident

3.[A]fortunately[B]occasionally[C]accordingly[D]eventually

4.[A]amuse[B]assist[C]describe[D]train

5.[A]while[B]because[C]unless[D]once

6.[A]answer[B]task[C]choice[D]access

7.[A]tolerant[B]formal[C]rigid[D]critical

8.[A]move[B]drag[C]push[D]send

9.[A]mysterious[B]illogical[C]suspicious[D]inevitable

10.[A]boring[B]naive[C]harsh[D]vague

11.[A]turnback[B]takeapart[C]setaside[D]coverup

12.[A]overall[B]instead[C]however[D]otherwise

13.[Allike[B]miss[C]believe[D]regret

14.[A]raise[B]affect[C]justify[D]reflect

15.[Altime[B]bond[C]racefD]cool

16.[A]nature[B]secret[C]importancefD]context

17.[A]cheated[B]defeated[C]confusedfD]confronted

18.[A]terrible[B]hard[ClstrangefD]wrong

19.[A]trying[B]changing[C]exciting[D]surprising

20JA]hide[B]emerge[Clwithdraw[D]escape

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,Cor

D.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssothatcan

identifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-living

beings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhether

ratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats.

Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat-onesocialandoneasocial一for5

ourdays.Therobotsratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermouse

withwheels-tomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.

Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesame

toys,andopenedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymoved

forwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside

Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytorelease

thembypressingalever.

Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocial

robotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuine

socialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviourslike

communalexploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreedit

earlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,saysQuinn.

Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.

Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels."We'd

assumedwe'dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,facialfeatures,andputasceneonittomakeit

smelllikearealrat,butthatwasn'tnecessary/1saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandin

Australia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.

Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.

Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonly

simplesocialsignals/4Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsare

too,“saysWiles.

21.Quinnandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan.

[A]pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats

[B]distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone

[C]attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining

[D]sendoutwarmingmessagestotheirfellow

22.Whatdidthesocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?

[A]Itfollowedthesocialrobot.

[B]Itplayedwithsometoys.

[ClItsetthetrappedTatsfree.

[D]Itmovedaroundalone.

23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey.

[A]triedtopracticeameansofescape

[B]expectedittodothesameinreturn

[C]wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence

[D]consideredthataninterestinggame

24.JamesWilesnotesthatrats.

[A]canrememberotherrat'sfacialfeatures

[B]differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes

[C]respondmoretocationsthantolooks

[D]canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels

25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats.

[A]appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings

(B]aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals

[C]behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing

[PD]aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected

Text2

ItisfashionabletodaytobashBigBusiness.Andthereisoneissueonwhichthemanycritics

agree:CEOpay.WehearthatCEOsarepaidtoomuch(ortoomuchrelativetoworkers),orthat

theyrigothers'pay,orthattheirpayisinsufficientlyrelatedtopositiveoutcomes.Butthemore

likelytruthisCEOpayislargelycausedbyintensecompetition.

ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup-toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypicalworkers

onaverage,andsincethemid-1970s,CEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmericancorporationshas,

byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%.ThetypicalCEOofatopAmerican

corporation一fromthe350largestsuchcompanies一nowmakesabout$18.9millionayear.

Whileindividualcasesofoverpaymentdefinitelyexist,ingeneral,thedeterminantsofCEOpay

arenotsomysteriousandnotsomiredincorruption.Infact,overallCEOcompensationforthetop

companiesrisesprettymuch.Inlockstepwiththevalueofthosecompaniesonthestockmarket.

ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpay,though,isthatoflimitedCEOtalent

inaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.Theeffortsof

America'shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.

Ifsnotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveupped

theirgamerelativetomanyotherworkersintheU.S.economy.

Today'sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymoreskillsthansimplybeing

ableto“runthecompany.^^CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhow

thecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheir

predecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere9sthefactthatlarge

Americancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossa

largernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfairlymind-boggling.

Thereisyetanothertrend:virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebecomingtech

companies,onewayoranother.Anagribusinesscompany,forinstance,mayfocusonR&Din

highlyIT-intensiveareassuchasgenomesequencing.Similarly,itishardtodoagoodjobrunning

theWaltDisneyCompanyjustbypickinggoodmoviescriptsandcourtingstars;youalsoneedto

buildafirmcapableofcreatingsignificantCGIproductsforanimatedmoviesatthehighestlevelsof

technicalsophisticationandwithmanyfrontierinnovationsalongtheway.

Ontopofallofthis,majorCEOsstillhavetodothejobtheyhavealwaysdone一which

includesmotivatingemployees,servingasaninternalrolemodel,helpingtodefineandextenda

corporateculture,understandingtheinternalaccounting,andpresentingbudgetsandbusinessplans

totheboard.GoodCEOsaresomeoftheworld'smostpotentcreatorsandhavesomeofthevery

deepestskillsofunderstanding.

26.whichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?

A.Thegrowthinthenumberofcooperations

B.Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy

C.Increasedbusinessopportunitiesfbrtopfirms

D.Closecooperationamongleadingeconomics

27.Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,todaysCEOsarerequiredto

A.fosterastrongersenseofteamwork

B.financemoreresearchanddevelopment

C.establishclosertieswithtechcompanies

D.operatemoreglobalizedcompanies

28.CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970sdespite.

A.continualinternalopposition

B.strictcorporategovernance

C.conservativebusinessstrategies

D.repeatedgovernancewarnings

29.HighCEOpaycanbejustifiedbythefactthatithelps.

A.confirmthestatusofCEOs

B.motiveinsidecandidates

C.boosttheefficiencyofCEOs

D.increasecorporatevalue

30.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe.

A.CEOsAreNotOverpaid

B.CEOPay:PastandPresent

C.CEOs'ChallengesofToday

D.CEOTraits:NotEasytoDefine

Text3

MadridwashailedasapublichealthbeaconlastNovemberwhenitrolledoutambitious

restrictionsonthemostpollutingcars.Sevenmonthsandoneelectiondaylater,anewconservative

citycouncilsuspendedenforcementofthecleanairzone,afirststeptowarditspossibledemise.

MayorJoseLuisMartinez-Almeidamadeoppositiontothezoneacentrepieceofhiselection

campaign,despiteitssuccessinimprovingairquality.Ajudgehasnowoverruledthecity*sdecision

tostoplevyingfines,orderingthemreinstated.Butwithlegalbattlesahead,thezone'sfuturelooks

uncertainatbest.

Amongotherweaknesses,themeasurescitiesmustemploywhenlefttotackledirtyairontheir

ownarepoliticallycontentious,andthereforevulnerable.That'sbecausetheyinevitablyputthecosts

ofcleaningtheairontoindividualdrivers一whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles一ratherthan

ontothecarmanufacturerswhosecheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution.

IfsnothardtoimagineasimilarreversalhappeninginLondon.Thenewultra-lowemission

zone(Ulez)islikelytobeabigissueinnextyear'smayoralelection.AndifSadiqKhanwinsand

extendsittotheNorthandSouthCircularroadsin2021asheintends,itissuretosparkintense

oppositionfromthefarlargernumberofmotoristswhowillthenbeaffected.

It'snotthatmeasuressuchasLondon'sUlezareuseless.Farfromit.Localofficialsareusing

theleversthatareavailabletothemtosafeguardresidents1healthinthefaceofaseriousthreat.The

zonesdodeliversomeimprovementstoairquality,andthesciencetellsusthatmeansrealhealth

benefits-fewerheartattacks,stokesandprematurebirths,lesscancer,dementiaandasthma.Fewer

untimelydeaths.

Butmayorsandcouncilorscanonlydosomuchaboutaproblemthatisfarbiggerthananyone

cityortown.Theyareactingbecausenationalgovernments—Britain'sandothersacross

Europe一havefailedtodoso.

Restrictionsthatkeephighlypollutingcarsoutofcertainareas-citycentres/schoolstreets",

evenindividualroads-arearesponsetotheabsenceofalargerefforttoproperlyenforceexisting

regulationsandrequireautocompaniestobringtheirvehiclesintocompliance.Waleshasintroduced

speciallowspeedlimitstominimisepollution.Weredoingeverythingbutinsistthatmanufacturers

cleanuptheircars.

31.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMadrid'scleanairzone?

[A]Itseffectsarequestionable

[B]Ithasbeenopposedbyajudge

[C]Itneedstougherenforcement

[D]Itsfateisyettobedecided

32.Whichisconsideredaweaknessofthecity-levelmeasurestotackledirtyair?

[A]Theyarebiasedagainstcarmanufacturers.

[B]Theyproveimpracticalforcitycouncils.

[C]Theyaredeemedtoomildforpoliticians.

[D]Theyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists.

33.TheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofLondon'sUlezwill.

[A]arousestrongresistance.

[B]ensureKhan'selectoralsuccess.

[C]improvethecity'straffic.

[D]discouragecarmanufacturing.

34.Whodoestheauthorthinkshouldhaveaddressedtheproblem?

[A]Localresidents

[B]Mayors.

[C]Councilors.

[D]Nationalgovernments.

35.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatautocompanies.

[A]willraiselow-emissioncarproduction

[B]shouldbeforcedtofollowregulations

[C]willupgradethedesignoftheirvehicles

[D]shouldbeputunderpublicsupervision

Text4

NowthatmembersofGenerationZaregraduatingcollegethisspring一themostcommonly-

accepteddefinitionsaysthisgenerationwasbornafter1995,giveortakeayear-theattentionhas

beenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks.GenZsareabouttohitthestreetslookingfbrworkinalabor

marketthat'stighterthanitsbeenindecades.Andemployersareplanningonhiringabout17percent

morenewgraduatesforjobsintheU.S.thisyearthanlast,accordingtoasurveyconductedbythe

NationalAssociationofCollegesandEmployers.Everybodywantstoknowhowthepeoplewho

willsooninhabitthoseemptyofficecubicleswilldifferfromthosewhocamebeforethem.

If“entitled”isthemostcommonadjective,fairlyornot,appliedtomillennials(thoseborn

between1981and1995),thecatchwordsforGenerationZarepracticalandcautious.Accordingto

thecareercounselorsandexpertswhostudythem,GenerationZsareclear-eyed,economic

pragmatists.Despitegraduatingintothebesteconomyinthepast50years,GenZsknowwhatan

economictrainwrecklookslike.Theywereimpressionablekidsduringthecrashof2008,when

manyoftheirparentslosttheirjobsortheirlifesavingsorboth.Theyaren'tinterestedintakingany

chances.Theboomingeconomyseemstohavedonelittletoassuagethisunderlyinggenerational

senseofanxiousurgency,especiallyfbrthosewhohavecollegedebt.Collegeloanbalancesinthe

U.S.nowstandatarecord$1.5trillion,accordingtotheFederalReserve.

OnesurveyfromAccenturefoundthat88percentofgraduatingseniorsthisyearchosetheir

majorwithajobinmind.Ina2019surveyofUniversityofGeorgiastudents,meanwhile,thecareer

officefoundthemostdesirabletraitinafutureemployerwastheabilitytooffersecureemployment

(followedbyprofessionaldevelopmentandtraining,andtheninspiringpurpose).Jobsecurityor

stabilitywasthesecondmostimportantcareergoal(work-lifebalancewasnumberone),followedby

asenseofbeingdedicatedtoacauseortofeelgoodaboutservingthegreatergood.

36.GenerationZsgraduatingcollegethisspring.

[A]arerecognizedfbrtheirabilities

[B]areinfavorofjoboffers

[C]areoptimisticaboutthelabormarket

[D]aredrawinggrowingpublicattention

37.GenerationZsarekeenlyaware.

[A]whatatougheconomicsituationislike

[B]whattheirparentsexpectofthem

[C]howtheydifferfrompastgenerations

[D]howvaluableacounselor'sadviceis

38.Thewordfctassuage,9(line9,para2)isclosetinmeaningto.

[A]define

[B]relieve

[C]maintain

[D]deepen

39.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatGenerationZs.

[A]carelittleabouttheirjobperformance

[B]givetopprioritytoprofessionaltraining

[C]thinkithardtoachievework-lifebalance

[D]haveaclearideaabouttheirfuturejob

40.Michelsenthinksthatcomparedwithmillennials,GenerationZsare.

[A]lessrealistic

[B]lessadventurous

[C]morediligent

[D]moregenerous

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheading

fromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyou

donotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Givecompliments,justnottoomany.

[B]Putonagoodface,always.

[C]Tailoryourinteractions.

[D]Spendtimewitheveryone.

[E]Reveal,don'thideinformation.

[F]Slowdownandlisten.

[G]Putyourselvesinothers'shoes.

FiveWaystoWinOverEveryoneintheOffice

Isitpossibletolikeeveryoneinyouroffice?Thinkabouthowtoughitistogettogether15

people,muchless50,whoallgetalongperfectly.Butunlikeinfriendships,youneedcoworkers.

Youworkwiththemeverydayandyoudependonthemjustastheydependonyou.Herearesome

waysthatyoucangetthewholeofficeonyourside.

41.__________

Ifyouhaveabonetopickwithsomeoneinyourworkplace,youmaytrystaytight-lipped

aroundthem.Butyouwon'tbehelpingeitheroneofyou.AHarvardBusinessSchoolstudyfound

thatobserversconsistentlyratedthosewhowerefrankaboutthemselvesmorehighly,whilethose

whohidlosttrustworthiness.Thelessonisnotthatyoushouldmakeyourpersonallifeanopenbook,

butrather,whengiventheoptiontoofferupdetailsaboutyourselforpainstakinglyconcealthem,

youshouldjustbehonest.

42._________

Justasimportantasbeinghonestaboutyourselfisbeingreceptivetoothers.Weoftenfeelthe

needtotellothershowwefeel,whetherit'saconcernaboutaproject,astraythought,ora

compliment.Thoseareallvalid,butyouneedtotaketimetohearoutyourcoworkers,too.Infact,

rushingtogetyourownideasouttherecancausecolleaguestofeelyoudon'tvaluetheiropinions.

Doyourbesttoengagecoworkersinagenuine,back-and-forthconversation,ratherthanprioritizing

yourownthoughts.

43._________

Ifscommontohaveactcubiclemate^orspecialconfidantinaworksetting.Butinadditionto

thosetrustedcoworkers,youshouldexpandyourhorizonsandfindoutaboutallthepeoplearound

you.Useyourlunchandcoffeebreakstomeetupwithcolleaguesyoudon'talwayssee.Findout

abouttheirlivesandinterestsbeyondthejob.Itrequiresminimaleffortandgoesalongway.This

willhelptogrowyourinternalnetwork,inadditiontobeinganicebreakintheworkday.

44.__________

Positivefeedbackisimportantfbranyonetohear.Andyoudon'thavetobesomeone'sbossto

tellthemtheydidanexceptionaljobonaparticularproject.Thiswillhelpengendergoodwillin

others.Butdon'toverdoitorbefakeaboutit.Onestudyfoundthatpeoplerespondedbestto

commentsthatshiftedfromnegativetopositive,possiblybecauseitsuggestedtheyhadwon

somebodyover.

45._________

Thisonemaybeabitmoredifficulttopulloff,butitcangoalongwaytoachievingresults.

Rememberindealingwithanycoworkerwhattheyappreciatefromaninteraction.Watchoutfor

howtheyverbalizewithothers.Somepeoplelikesmalltalkinameetingbeforedigginginto

importantmatters,whileotheraremorestraightforward.Jokesthatworkonepersonwon't

necessarilylandwithanother.So,adaptyourstyleaccordinglytotype.Considerthepersonthat

you'redealingwithinadvanceandwhatwillgetyoutoyourdesiredoutcome.

SectionIIITranslation

Directions:

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationneatlyontheANSWER

SHEET.(15points)

It'salmostimpossibletogothroughlifewithoutexperiencingsomekindoffailure.Peoplewho

dosoprobablylivesocautiouslythattheygonowhere.Putsimply,they'renotreallylivingatall.

But,thewonderfulthingaboutfailureisthatit'sentirelyuptoustodecidehowtolookatit.

Wecanchoosetoseefailureas“theendoftheworld,“orasproofofjusthowinadequatewe

are.Or,wecanlookatfailureastheincrediblelearningexperiencethatitoftenis.Everytimewefail

atsomething,wecanchoosetolookforthelessonwe'remeanttolearn.Theselessonsarevery

important,they'rehowwegrow,andhowwekeepfrommakingthatsamemistakeagain.Failures

stopusonlyifweletthem.

Failurecanalsoteachusthingsaboutourselvesthatwewouldneverhavelearnedotherwise.

Forinstance,failurecanhelpyoudiscoverhowstrongapersonyouare.Failingatsomethingcan

helpyoudiscoveryourtruestfriends,orhelpyoufindunexpectedmotivationtosucceed.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

46.Directions:

Supposeyouareplanningatourofahistoricalsiteforagroupofinternationalstudents.

Writeanemailto

1)tellthemaboutthesite,and

2)givethemsometipsforthetour

PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotuseyourownname,use"LiMing,9instead.(10points)

PartB

47.Directions:

Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

其他2.2%

獲取信息消磨時間

17.0%21.3%

學習知識59.5%

某高校學生手機閱讀目的調查

參考答案：

SectionI

1-5DBACA6-10BACDC11-15ACDBD16-20CDBBB

SectionII

PartA

21-25ACBCD26-30CDBDA31-35DDADB36-40DABDB

PartB

41E42F43D44A45C

SectionIII

［參考譯文］

人的一生總要經(jīng)歷一些失敗。有些人生活極其小心翼翼（謹慎）以至于他

們那兒也沒過。簡言之，他們根本沒生活過。但是，失敗的美妙之處在于，

這完全取決于我們看待方式。

我們可以選擇視失敗為“世界末日”，或僅是我們能力不足的證明，亦或

可