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第46講直線與拋物線(精講)題型目錄一覽①直線與拋物線的位置關(guān)系②拋物線中的弦長問題③拋物線中的中點弦問題一、知識點梳理一、知識點梳理1.直線與拋物線的位置關(guān)系設(shè)直線SKIPIF1<0,拋物線:SKIPIF1<0,將直線方程與拋物線方程聯(lián)立,整理成關(guān)于x的方程SKIPIF1<0①若k≠0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0>0時,直線與拋物線相交,有兩個交點;
當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0=0時,直線與拋物線相切,有一個交點;
當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0<0時,直線與拋物線相離,無交點.②若k=0,直線與拋物線只有一個交點,此時直線平行于拋物線的對稱軸或與對稱軸重合.
因此直線與拋物線只有一個交點是直線與拋物線相切的必要不充分條件.2.拋物線的弦長當(dāng)直線的斜率存在時,斜率為k的直線l與拋物線C相交于SKIPIF1<0兩個不同的點,則弦長SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.3.拋物線的中點弦設(shè)交點坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,代入拋物線兩式相減,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0設(shè)線段SKIPIF1<0的中點為SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,同理,對于拋物線SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<04.拋物線的切線過拋物線SKIPIF1<0上的點SKIPIF1<0的切線方程是SKIPIF1<0.
過拋物線SKIPIF1<0上的點SKIPIF1<0的切線方程是SKIPIF1<0.
【常用結(jié)論】直線AB過拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點,交拋物線于A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2)兩點,設(shè)α為AB的傾斜角y1y2=-p2,x1x2=eq\f(p2,4)(2)弦長AB=eq\f(2p,sin2α)(3)|AB|=x1+x2+p,x1+x2≥SKIPIF1<0=p,即當(dāng)x1=x2時,弦長最短為:(通徑)2p.(4)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,eq\f(1,|AF|)+eq\f(1,|BF|)為定值eq\f(2,p).(5)以AB為直徑的圓與準(zhǔn)線相切.(6)焦點F對A,B在準(zhǔn)線上射影的張角為90°.二、題型分類精講二、題型分類精講題型一直線與拋物線的位置關(guān)系策略方法研究直線與拋物線的位置關(guān)系與研究直線與橢圓、雙曲線的位置關(guān)系的方法類似,一般是用方程法,但涉及拋物線的弦長、中點、距離等問題時,要注意“設(shè)而不求”“整體代入”“點差法”以及定義的靈活應(yīng)用.【典例1】(單選題)在平面直角坐標(biāo)系SKIPIF1<0中,拋物線SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0軸正半軸上一點,線段SKIPIF1<0的垂直平分線SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0兩點,若SKIPIF1<0,則四邊形SKIPIF1<0的周長為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【題型訓(xùn)練】一、單選題1.)過拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點F的一條直線交拋物線于P、Q兩點若線段PF與QF的長分別是p、q,則SKIPIF1<0為定值(
)A.1 B.2 C.3 D.42.已知點SKIPIF1<0在拋物線SKIPIF1<0的準(zhǔn)線上,過點P作C的兩條切線,切點分別為A,B,則直線AB的方程為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<03.拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點SKIPIF1<0,點SKIPIF1<0在拋物線上,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的延長線交SKIPIF1<0軸于點SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0為線段FN的中點,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.2 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.4 D.64.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)的焦點為F,點P是拋物線準(zhǔn)線上一動點,作線段SKIPIF1<0的垂直平分線SKIPIF1<0,則直線SKIPIF1<0與拋物線公共點個數(shù)的可能值構(gòu)成的集合為()A.{0} B.{1} C.{0,1} D.{1,2}5.)已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點為F,過點P(2,0)的直線交拋物線于A,B兩點,直線AF,BF分別于拋物線交于點C,D.設(shè)直線AB,CD的斜率分別為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.1 D.26.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系SKIPIF1<0中,若拋物線SKIPIF1<0的準(zhǔn)線與圓SKIPIF1<0相切于點SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0與拋物線SKIPIF1<0切于點SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0的方程為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<07.)拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點為SKIPIF1<0的準(zhǔn)線與SKIPIF1<0軸交于點SKIPIF1<0,過點SKIPIF1<0斜率為SKIPIF1<0的直線與SKIPIF1<0交于點SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0軸上方),則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.2 C.3 D.SKIPIF1<08.已知直線SKIPIF1<0交拋物線SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0軸異側(cè)兩點SKIPIF1<0,過SKIPIF1<0向SKIPIF1<0作垂線,垂足為SKIPIF1<0,若點SKIPIF1<0在以SKIPIF1<0為圓心,半徑為3的圓上,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.48 B.24 C.12 D.369.已知O為坐標(biāo)原點,點SKIPIF1<0是拋物SKIPIF1<0的準(zhǔn)線上一點,過點E的直線l與拋物線C交于A,B兩點,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的面積為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<010.)已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0的準(zhǔn)線為直線SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩點(點SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0軸上方),與直線SKIPIF1<0交于點SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<011.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點為F,SKIPIF1<0,M為拋物線C上位于第一象限的一點,且點M的橫坐標(biāo)小于2,則SKIPIF1<0的面積(
)A.有最大值SKIPIF1<0 B.有最小值SKIPIF1<0C.有最大值1 D.有最小值112.已知拋物線C:SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0的焦點為F,SKIPIF1<0為C上一動點,曲線C在點M處的切線交y軸于N點,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<013.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0的準(zhǔn)線為SKIPIF1<0,焦點為F,過點F的直線與拋物線交于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩點,點P在l上的射影為SKIPIF1<0,則下列結(jié)論錯誤的是(
)A.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0B.以PQ為直徑的圓與準(zhǔn)線l相切C.設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0D.過點SKIPIF1<0與拋物線C有且僅有一個公共點的直線至多有2條14.)已知點SKIPIF1<0是拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點,SKIPIF1<0,過SKIPIF1<0斜率為1的直線交拋物線于M,N兩點,且SKIPIF1<0,若Q是拋物線上任意一點,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值是(
)A.0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.115.拋物線的弦與過弦的端點的兩條切線所圍成的三角形常被稱為阿基米德三角形.阿基米德三角形有一些有趣的性質(zhì),如:若拋物線的弦過焦點,則過弦的端點的兩條切線的斜率之積為定值.設(shè)拋物線SKIPIF1<0,弦AB過焦點,△ABQ為阿基米德三角形,則△ABQ的面積的最小值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0二、多選題16.已知點SKIPIF1<0,拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點為F,過F的直線l交C于P,Q兩點,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0的最大值為SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0的面積最小值為2C.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0取到最大值時,直線AP與C相切D.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0取到最大值時,SKIPIF1<017.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點為SKIPIF1<0是拋物線上的兩點,SKIPIF1<0為坐標(biāo)原點,則(
)A.拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0B.若SKIPIF1<0三點共線,則SKIPIF1<0C.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的中點到SKIPIF1<0軸距離的最小值為3D.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<018.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點為SKIPIF1<0,點SKIPIF1<0為拋物線SKIPIF1<0的準(zhǔn)線與SKIPIF1<0軸的交點,過點SKIPIF1<0的直線SKIPIF1<0與拋物線SKIPIF1<0交于不同的兩點SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.存在一點SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0中點,使得SKIPIF1<0C.存在這樣的直線SKIPIF1<0使SKIPIF1<0成立 D.SKIPIF1<019.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0交拋物線于SKIPIF1<0兩點,分別過SKIPIF1<0兩點作拋物線的切線,兩條切線相交于點SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0為弦SKIPIF1<0的中點,則下列說法正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0平行于SKIPIF1<0軸B.若直線SKIPIF1<0過拋物線的焦點SKIPIF1<0,則點SKIPIF1<0一定在拋物線的準(zhǔn)線上C.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0面積的最大值為SKIPIF1<0D.SKIPIF1<0三、填空題20.已知A,B為拋物線SKIPIF1<0上兩點,以A,B為切點的拋物線的兩條切線交于點P,過點A,B的直線斜率為SKIPIF1<0,若點P的橫坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.21.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0過點SKIPIF1<0且與SKIPIF1<0相交于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩點,若SKIPIF1<0的平分線過點SKIPIF1<0,則直線SKIPIF1<0的斜率為.22.已知SKIPIF1<0為坐標(biāo)原點,點SKIPIF1<0在拋物線SKIPIF1<0上,過直線SKIPIF1<0上一點SKIPIF1<0作拋物線SKIPIF1<0的兩條切線,切點分別為SKIPIF1<0.則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為.23.已知過點SKIPIF1<0的直線SKIPIF1<0與拋物線SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0兩點,過點SKIPIF1<0作拋物線的切線SKIPIF1<0,切點是SKIPIF1<0(在SKIPIF1<0軸的上方),直線SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0的傾斜角分別是SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為.24.若SKIPIF1<0為拋物線SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0在第二象限內(nèi)一點,拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點為SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0的傾斜角為SKIPIF1<0,拋物線在點SKIPIF1<0處的切線與SKIPIF1<0軸相交于點SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0為坐標(biāo)原點),則SKIPIF1<0的面積為.25.已知SKIPIF1<0是拋物線SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0的焦點,點SKIPIF1<0,過點SKIPIF1<0的直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩點,SKIPIF1<0是線段SKIPIF1<0的中點.若SKIPIF1<0,則直線SKIPIF1<0的斜率SKIPIF1<0.26.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0是拋物線上的點,直線SKIPIF1<0與拋物線SKIPIF1<0切于點SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0且與拋物線交于點SKIPIF1<0(異于點SKIPIF1<0),拋物線SKIPIF1<0在點SKIPIF1<0處的切線交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0面積的最小值是.27.已知拋物線C:SKIPIF1<0,過點SKIPIF1<0的直線交C于A,B兩點,C在A,B兩點處的切線交于點SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0.若點M到直線AB的距離為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.四、解答題28.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點為F,圓SKIPIF1<0,過C上一點SKIPIF1<0作C的切線,該切線經(jīng)過點SKIPIF1<0.(1)求C的方程;(2)若與C相切的直線l,與E相交于P,Q兩點,求SKIPIF1<0面積的最大值.29.)設(shè)拋物線方程為SKIPIF1<0,過點SKIPIF1<0的直線SKIPIF1<0分別與拋物線相切于SKIPIF1<0兩點,且點SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0軸下方,點SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0軸上方.(1)當(dāng)點SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0時,求SKIPIF1<0;(2)點SKIPIF1<0在拋物線上,且在SKIPIF1<0軸下方,直線SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0軸于點SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0軸于點SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0的重心在SKIPIF1<0軸上,求SKIPIF1<0的最大值.(注:SKIPIF1<0表示三角形的面積)30.設(shè)拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點為SKIPIF1<0是坐標(biāo)原點,SKIPIF1<0,過點SKIPIF1<0的直線與拋物線交于SKIPIF1<0兩點,延長SKIPIF1<0分別交拋物線于SKIPIF1<0兩點,SKIPIF1<0分別是SKIPIF1<0的中點.(1)求直線SKIPIF1<0的斜率的取值范圍;(2)求SKIPIF1<0的最小值.31.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0,過其焦點SKIPIF1<0作兩條相互垂直且不平行于SKIPIF1<0軸的直線,分別交拋物線SKIPIF1<0于點SKIPIF1<0和點SKIPIF1<0的中點分別為SKIPIF1<0.(1)若直線SKIPIF1<0的斜率為2,求直線SKIPIF1<0的方程;(2)求線段SKIPIF1<0的中點SKIPIF1<0的軌跡方程.32.)過點SKIPIF1<0,斜率為SKIPIF1<0的直線l與拋物線SKIPIF1<0相切于點N,且SKIPIF1<0.(1)求拋物線C的方程;(2)斜率為SKIPIF1<0的直線與C交于與點N不重合的點P,Q,判斷是否存在直線SKIPIF1<0,使得點Q關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的對稱點SKIPIF1<0恒與P,N共線,若存在,求出SKIPIF1<0的方程,若不存在,說明理由.33.已知SKIPIF1<0,曲線SKIPIF1<0,過點SKIPIF1<0的曲線SKIPIF1<0的所有弦中,最小弦長為SKIPIF1<0.(1)求SKIPIF1<0的值;(2)過點M的直線與曲線C1交于A、B兩點,曲線C1在A、B兩點處的兩條切線交于點P,求點P的軌跡C2;(3)在(2)的條件下,N是平面內(nèi)的動點,動點Q是C2上與N距離最近的點,滿足SKIPIF1<0的動點N的軌跡為C3;并判斷是否存在過M的直線l,使得l與C1、l與C3的四個交點的橫坐標(biāo)成等差數(shù)列,說明理由.34.如圖,矩形SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0分別是SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的中點,以某動直線SKIPIF1<0為折痕將矩形在其下方的部分翻折,使得每次翻折后點SKIPIF1<0都落在SKIPIF1<0上,記為SKIPIF1<0,過點SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0,與直線SKIPIF1<0交于點SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)點SKIPIF1<0的軌跡是曲線SKIPIF1<0.
(1)建立恰當(dāng)?shù)闹苯亲鴺?biāo)系,求曲線SKIPIF1<0的方程;(2)SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0上一點,SKIPIF1<0,過點SKIPIF1<0的直線交曲線SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0兩點,SKIPIF1<0,求實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍.35.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)上的一點SKIPIF1<0到準(zhǔn)線的距離為1.(1)求拋物線SKIPIF1<0的方程;(2)若正方形SKIPIF1<0的三個頂點SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0在拋物線SKIPIF1<0上,求這種正方形面積的最小值.36.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點為SKIPIF1<0,點SKIPIF1<0是拋物線上一點,且SKIPIF1<0.(1)求拋物線C的方程;(2)設(shè)直線l:SKIPIF1<0,點B是l與y軸的交點,過點ASKIPIF1<0作與l平行的直線SKIPIF1<0,過點A的動直線SKIPIF1<0與拋物線C相交于P,Q兩點,直線PB,QB分別交直線SKIPIF1<0于點M,N,證明:SKIPIF1<0.37.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點為SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0交拋物線SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0兩點,當(dāng)直線SKIPIF1<0過點SKIPIF1<0時,點SKIPIF1<0到SKIPIF1<0的準(zhǔn)線的距離之和為SKIPIF1<0,線段SKIPIF1<0的中點到SKIPIF1<0軸的距離是4.(1)求拋物線SKIPIF1<0的方程;(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,設(shè)拋物線SKIPIF1<0在點SKIPIF1<0處的切線交于點SKIPIF1<0,求證:SKIPIF1<0.題型二拋物線中的弦長問題策略方法有關(guān)直線與拋物線的弦長問題,要注意直線是否過拋物線的焦點,若過拋物線的焦點,可直接使用公式|AB|=x1+x2+p(焦點在x軸正半軸),若不過焦點,則必須用弦長公式.【典例1】(單選題)已知點SKIPIF1<0為拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點,過點SKIPIF1<0的直線交拋物線SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0兩點,SKIPIF1<0為坐標(biāo)原點,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的面積為(
)A.3 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【題型訓(xùn)練】一、單選題1.過拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點SKIPIF1<0的直線SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0兩點,若直線SKIPIF1<0過點SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則拋物線SKIPIF1<0的準(zhǔn)線方程是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<02.已知點SKIPIF1<0為拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點,過點SKIPIF1<0的直線交拋物線SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0兩點,SKIPIF1<0為坐標(biāo)原點,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的面積為(
)A.3 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<03.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0的焦點為SKIPIF1<0,準(zhǔn)線SKIPIF1<0與坐標(biāo)軸交于點SKIPIF1<0,過點SKIPIF1<0的直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0及準(zhǔn)線SKIPIF1<0依次相交于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0三點(點SKIPIF1<0在點SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0之間),若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的面積等于(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<04.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0的焦點為F,過F且斜率大于零的直線l與SKIPIF1<0及拋物線SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0的所有公共點從右到左分別為點A,B,C,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.4 B.6 C.8 D.105.已知SKIPIF1<0為拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點,SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0上任意一點,且點SKIPIF1<0到點SKIPIF1<0距離的最小值為SKIPIF1<0.若直線過SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩點,且SKIPIF1<0,則線段SKIPIF1<0中點的橫坐標(biāo)為(
)A.2 B.3 C.4 D.66.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的一個焦點重合,過焦點SKIPIF1<0的直線與SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩不同點,拋物線SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩點處的切線相交于點SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0的橫坐標(biāo)為4,則弦長SKIPIF1<0(
)A.16 B.26 C.14 D.247.過拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點SKIPIF1<0且斜率為SKIPIF1<0的直線交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0(其中SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0軸上方)兩點,交SKIPIF1<0的準(zhǔn)線于點SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為坐標(biāo)原點,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<08.已知點SKIPIF1<0是拋物線SKIPIF1<0上的一點,若以拋物線的焦點SKIPIF1<0為圓心,以SKIPIF1<0為半徑的圓交拋物線的準(zhǔn)線于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩點,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0的面積為SKIPIF1<0時,則SKIPIF1<0等于(
)A.2 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.4 D.SKIPIF1<09.設(shè)拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點為SKIPIF1<0,準(zhǔn)線為SKIPIF1<0.斜率為SKIPIF1<0的直線經(jīng)過焦點SKIPIF1<0,交拋物線SKIPIF1<0于點SKIPIF1<0,交準(zhǔn)線SKIPIF1<0于點SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0軸的兩側(cè)).若SKIPIF1<0,則拋物線的方程為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<010.已知過拋物線C:SKIPIF1<0的焦點SKIPIF1<0的直線與拋物線C交于A,B兩點(A在第一象限),以AB為直徑的圓E與拋物線C的準(zhǔn)線相切于點D.若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為坐標(biāo)原點,則SKIPIF1<0的面積為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.411.已知拋物線C:SKIPIF1<0的焦點SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0與該拋物線交于A,B兩點(點A在第一象限),以AB為直徑的圓E與拋物線C的準(zhǔn)線相切于點D.若SKIPIF1<0,則點E到y(tǒng)軸的距離為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<012.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點為SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0過點SKIPIF1<0且與拋物線交于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩點,過點SKIPIF1<0作拋物線準(zhǔn)線的垂線,垂足為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的角平分線與拋物線的準(zhǔn)線交于點SKIPIF1<0,線段SKIPIF1<0的中點為SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.2 B.4 C.6 D.8二、多選題13.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系xOy中,已知拋物線C:SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.直線SKIPIF1<0與拋物線C相交所得弦長為SKIPIF1<0B.直線SKIPIF1<0與拋物線C交于M,N兩點,則SKIPIF1<0C.過點SKIPIF1<0恰有2條直線與拋物線C有且只有一個公共點D.拋物線C上的點到直線SKIPIF1<0的最短距離為SKIPIF1<014.設(shè)拋物線C:SKIPIF1<0的焦點為F,準(zhǔn)線l與x軸的交點為D,A,B兩點在C上,直線SKIPIF1<0依次經(jīng)過點A,B,D,直線AF與C的另一個交點為E,則下列結(jié)論正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<015.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0的頂點為SKIPIF1<0,準(zhǔn)線為SKIPIF1<0,焦點為SKIPIF1<0,過SKIPIF1<0作直線SKIPIF1<0交拋物線于SKIPIF1<0兩點(SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0的左邊),則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0B.若直線SKIPIF1<0經(jīng)過點SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0C.線段SKIPIF1<0的最小值為2D.若SKIPIF1<0,則直線SKIPIF1<0的斜率為SKIPIF1<016.已知拋物線C:SKIPIF1<0的焦點為F,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是拋物線上兩點,下列結(jié)論正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0的最小值為2B.若SKIPIF1<0,則線段MN的中點P到x軸的距離為6C.若直線MN過點F,則SKIPIF1<0D.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值為8三、填空題17.根據(jù)拋物線的光學(xué)性質(zhì),從拋物線的焦點發(fā)出的光,經(jīng)拋物線反射后光線都平行于拋物線的軸,已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0,若從點Q(3,2)發(fā)射平行于x軸的光射向拋物線的A點,經(jīng)A點反射后交拋物線于B點,則SKIPIF1<0.18.過原點的一條直線與圓SKIPIF1<0相切,交曲線SKIPIF1<0于點SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值為.19.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0,過原點SKIPIF1<0且斜率為1的直線與SKIPIF1<0交于點SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的焦點.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的面積為.20.過拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點SKIPIF1<0的直線與SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0兩點,從點SKIPIF1<0分別向準(zhǔn)線SKIPIF1<0作垂線,垂足分別為SKIPIF1<0,線段SKIPIF1<0的中點為SKIPIF1<0,則弦SKIPIF1<0的長為.21.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點為F,過點F的直線與拋物線交于A,B兩點,則SKIPIF1<0的最小值是.22.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0,焦點為SKIPIF1<0,準(zhǔn)線與x軸的交點為SKIPIF1<0,過SKIPIF1<0點的直線與拋物線交于SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0兩點,且滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.23.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0的準(zhǔn)線為SKIPIF1<0,過點SKIPIF1<0的直線交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩點,SKIPIF1<0的中點為SKIPIF1<0,分別過點SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0的垂線,垂足依次為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0取最小值時,SKIPIF1<0.24.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0,圓SKIPIF1<0與y軸相切,直線l過拋物線的焦點與拋物線交于A,D兩點,與圓交于B,C兩點(A,B兩點在x軸的同一側(cè)),若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則弦長SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為.四、解答題25.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0的準(zhǔn)線方程是SKIPIF1<0.(1)求拋物線的方程;(2)設(shè)直線SKIPIF1<0與拋物線相交于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩點,若SKIPIF1<0,求實數(shù)k的值.26.已知SKIPIF1<0為拋物線SKIPIF1<0上一點.(1)求拋物線SKIPIF1<0的準(zhǔn)線方程;(2)過點SKIPIF1<0的直線l與拋物線C交于A,B兩點,且直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的傾斜角互補,求SKIPIF1<0的值.27.已知直線SKIPIF1<0與拋物線SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0兩點,SKIPIF1<0.(1)求SKIPIF1<0;(2)設(shè)拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點為SKIPIF1<0,過點SKIPIF1<0且與SKIPIF1<0垂直的直線與拋物線SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0,求四邊形SKIPIF1<0的面積.28.已知直線SKIPIF1<0與拋物線SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0兩點,且SKIPIF1<0.(1)求SKIPIF1<0;(2)設(shè)F為C的焦點,M,N為C上兩點,SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0面積的最小值.29.過點SKIPIF1<0的直線SKIPIF1<0與拋物線SKIPIF1<0交于點SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0在第一象限),當(dāng)直線SKIPIF1<0的傾斜角為SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0.(1)求拋物線的方程;(2)已知SKIPIF1<0,延長SKIPIF1<0交拋物線SKIPIF1<0于點SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0面積最小時,求點SKIPIF1<0的橫坐標(biāo).30.已知點SKIPIF1<0在拋物線SKIPIF1<0上,記SKIPIF1<0為坐標(biāo)原點,SKIPIF1<0,以SKIPIF1<0為圓心,SKIPIF1<0為半徑的圓與拋物線SKIPIF1<0的準(zhǔn)線相切.(1)求拋物線SKIPIF1<0的方程;(2)記拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點為SKIPIF1<0,過點SKIPIF1<0作直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0垂直,交拋物線SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩點,求弦SKIPIF1<0的長.31.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點為SKIPIF1<0.(1)求拋物線SKIPIF1<0的方程;(2)過點SKIPIF1<0的直線SKIPIF1<0與拋物線SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0兩點,SKIPIF1<0為拋物線SKIPIF1<0上的點,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的面積.32.)點SKIPIF1<0是拋物線SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)的焦點,SKIPIF1<0為坐標(biāo)原點,過點SKIPIF1<0作垂直于SKIPIF1<0軸的直線SKIPIF1<0,與拋物線SKIPIF1<0相交于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩點,SKIPIF1<0,拋物線SKIPIF1<0的準(zhǔn)線與SKIPIF1<0軸交于點SKIPIF1<0.(1)求拋物線SKIPIF1<0的方程;(2)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0是拋物線SKIPIF1<0上異于SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0兩點的兩個不同的點,直線SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0相交于點SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0相交于點SKIPIF1<0,證明:SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0三點共線.33.設(shè)拋物線SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0與C交于A,B兩點,且SKIPIF1<0.(1)求p;(2)設(shè)C的焦點為F,M,N為C上兩點,SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0面積的最小值.34.已知拋物線E:SKIPIF1<0的焦點為F,拋物線E上一點H的縱坐標(biāo)為5,O為坐標(biāo)原點,SKIPIF1<0.(1)求拋物線E的方程;(2)拋物線上有一條長為6的動弦長為6的動弦AB,當(dāng)AB的中點到拋物線的準(zhǔn)線距離最短時,求弦AB所在直線方程.35.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點為SKIPIF1<0,過SKIPIF1<0作斜率為SKIPIF1<0的直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0兩點,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0.(1)求拋物線SKIPIF1<0的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程;(2)設(shè)線段SKIPIF1<0的中垂線與SKIPIF1<0軸交于點SKIPIF1<0,拋物線SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0兩點處的切線相交于點SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0兩點到直線SKIPIF1<0的距離分別為SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的值.36.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0和圓SKIPIF1<0.(1)若拋物線SKIPIF1<0的準(zhǔn)線與SKIPIF1<0軸相交于點SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是過SKIPIF1<0焦點SKIPIF1<0的弦,求SKIPIF1<0的最小值;(2)已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是拋物線SKIPIF1<0上互異的三個點,且SKIPIF1<0點異于原點.若直線SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0被圓SKIPIF1<0截得的弦長都為2,且SKIPIF1<0,求點SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo).題型三拋物線中的中點弦問題策略方法設(shè)交點坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,代入拋物線兩式相減,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0設(shè)線段SKIPIF1<0的中點為SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,同理,對于拋物線SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<0【典例1】(單選題)直線y=kx-2交拋物線y2=8x于A,B兩點,若AB中點的橫坐標(biāo)為2,則k=()A.2或-2 B.2或-1C.2 D.3【題型訓(xùn)練】一、單選題1.已知拋物線C:SKIPIF1<0,過點SKIPIF1<0的直線l與拋物線C交于A,B兩點,若SKIPIF1<0,則直線l的斜率是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.4 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<02.已知直線l交拋物線SKIPIF1<0于M,N兩點,且MN的中點為SKIPIF1<0,則直線l的斜率為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.3 D.SKIPIF1<03.如圖,已知拋物線E:SKIPIF1<0的焦點為F,過F且斜率為1的直線交E于A,B兩點,線段AB的中點為M,其垂直平分線交x軸于點C,SKIPIF1<0軸于點N.若四邊形SKIPIF1<0的面積等于8,則E的方程為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<04.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0,過其焦點且斜率為1的直線交拋物線于A,B兩點,若線段AB的中點的橫坐標(biāo)為3,則該拋物線的準(zhǔn)線方程為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<05.已知斜率為SKIPIF1<0的直線SKIPIF1<0與拋物線SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0兩點,SKIPIF1<0為坐標(biāo)原點,SKIPIF1<0是線段SKIPIF1<0的中點,SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的焦點,SKIPIF1<0的面積等于3,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<06.已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點為SKIPIF1
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