初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)(四中基本時(shí)態(tài))

2013年19932070ShewasalittlegirlSheisbeautiful.Shewillbeanoldwoman.

初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)Now現(xiàn)在過(guò)去inthepast將來(lái)inthefuture1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be+doing3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+done1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)did2.過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+done一般將來(lái)時(shí)am/is/aregoingtodo動(dòng)詞原形Will+do一般過(guò)去時(shí)SimplePastTense--WhatdidyoudolastSunday?--Iplayedbasketball.--Whataboutyourfather？--HewatchedTV.1.肯定句：主+

was/were+其它成分e.g.我很傷心，因?yàn)槲襾G了我的書。IwasverysadbecauseIlostmybook.一、含be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)2.否定句：主+

was/werenot+其它成分e.g.十年前我不是老師。Iwas

not

(wasn’t)ateachertenyearsago.

3.一般疑問句：Was/Were

+主語(yǔ)+其它成分肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+was/were.否定回答：

No,主語(yǔ)+was/werenot.e.g.你昨天在家嗎？--Wereyouathomeyesterday?--Yes,Iwas.--No,Iwasn’t.4.特殊疑問句:

特殊疑問詞+Was/Were

+其它？e.g.你昨天在哪里？Wherewereyouyesterday?1.肯定句：主+

動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式

（did）+其它成分e.g.我上周末打籃球了。Iplayedbasketballlastweekend.

二、含實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)2.否定句：主+

didn’t+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成分e.g.Mary昨天沒有參加俱樂部展。Marydidn’tattendtheclubsfairyesterday.

3.一般疑問句：Did

+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成分肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+did.否定回答：

No,主語(yǔ)+didn’t.

e.g.你昨天看電影了嗎？--Didyouseeafilmyesterday?--Yes,Idid./--No,Ididn’t.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Heplayedbasketballyesterday.2.表示過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)Iwasastudenttenyearsago.3.表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作IalwaysplayedbasketballwhenIwasachild.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)1.與“昨天”有關(guān)

yesterday

thedaybeforeyesterday

yesterdayevening

lastnight

last+時(shí)間(lastweek,lastyear)2.“剛才”!justnow=amomentago“一段時(shí)間+ago”表示“……前”

threedaysagoamonthago一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)3.其他justnow,attheageof,oneday,longago,onceuponatime(很久以前)thismorningwhenIwasfiveyearsold,in+過(guò)去時(shí)間詞(in1998),具體時(shí)間(如Jan.fourth),1)直接在動(dòng)詞后面加ed

watchedplantedclimbedpicked2)以e結(jié)尾時(shí)，直接在動(dòng)詞后面加d（see除外)

likedmovedtastedlived3)以輔音字母結(jié)尾時(shí)，變y為i再加ed

studiedcarriedcriedworried4)重讀閉音節(jié)時(shí)，雙寫結(jié)尾字母再加ed

stoppeddroppedplannedbegged動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（規(guī)則）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的定義1表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Iusuallygo

toschoolonfoot.Weoftenplay

football

together.

Jimalwayseats

an

apple

at

10.

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的定義2表示人的身份地位、存在的狀態(tài)。Iam

ateacher.Weare

students.

Youaregoodfriends.

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的定義3表示客觀真理和客觀存在及自然現(xiàn)象。The

earth

goesaroundthesun.Thesunrises

intheeast.

標(biāo)志詞:always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday/week/month/year/…一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：often,always,sometimes,usually,everyday/week/year等．

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：肯定句：主語(yǔ)＋is/am/are＋其它成分.Heis

anofficeworker.主語(yǔ)(除第三人稱單數(shù))＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其它成分.Igetupatsixeveryday.

主語(yǔ)(第三人稱單數(shù))＋動(dòng)詞s/es＋其它成分.Myfatherusuallygoestoworkbybus.我(I)用am,你(you)用are,Is連著他(he)她(she)它(it),遇到復(fù)數(shù)都用are.否定句：主語(yǔ)＋am/is/arenot＋其它成分.Theyare

notinthelibrary.主語(yǔ)(除第三人稱單數(shù))

＋don’t＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其它成分.Idon’tlikeswimming.主語(yǔ)(第三人稱單數(shù))＋doesn’t＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其它成分.Theoldmandoesn’tlikeplayingcards.

一般疑問句：Am/Is/Are+主語(yǔ)＋其它成分?Isitatalltree?Do+主語(yǔ)(除第三人稱單數(shù))

＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其它成分?DotheGreensoftengoswimminginsummer?Does+主語(yǔ)（第三人稱單數(shù)）＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其它成分?Doestheearthgoaroundthesun?

特殊疑問句（一般時(shí)態(tài)）：結(jié)構(gòu)：疑問詞+一般疑問句疑問詞＋is/am/are+主語(yǔ)＋(其它成分)？Whattimeisitnow?疑問詞＋do+主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形＋(其它成分)？Whendoyouusuallygotobed?疑問詞＋does+主語(yǔ)（第三人稱單數(shù)）+動(dòng)詞原形＋（其它成分）？WheredoesJimdohishomeworkonweekdays?1、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加s;如：

work--works,live--lives,play--plays,sing--sings.

eg:ShelivesinNingbo.

她住在寧波。2、s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，詞尾加-es，如詞尾為e，只加-s.讀作/iz/如：

teach------teaches,wash-----washes.eg:Mymotherwashesthecoat.我母親洗了大衣。行為動(dòng)詞do一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)形式（he,she,it)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：3.以輔音字母加Y結(jié)尾的詞，改Y為I再加ES，讀作[Z]Study

flystudiesflies4.以輔音字母+O結(jié)尾的詞，一般情況是在詞尾加ES讀作[Z]go

do

goesdoes5.特殊情況：havehas否定句:一般疑問句:肯定回答:否定回答:Igetupat6:35inthemorning.Idonot

(don’t)getupat6:35inthemorning.Doyougetupat6:35inthemorning?Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.對(duì)于實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，疑問句要求：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是他(he)，她(she)，它(it)時(shí)，句子前面加DOES，并把動(dòng)詞恢復(fù)原形；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是其他人稱時(shí)，句前加DO，第一人(I/we)稱換第二人稱(you)。Theyplayfootballintheplayground.否定句:

一般疑問句:肯定回答:否定回答:They

donot

(don’t)playfootballintheplayground.No,theydon’t.Yes,theydo.Dotheyplayfootballintheplayground?肯定式否定式疑問式肯定否定回答Iamateacher.Iamnotateacher.AmIateacher?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.He/sheisateacher.He/sheisnotateacher.Ishe/sheateacher?Yes,he/sheis.No,he/sheisn’tItisacat.Itisnotacat.Isitacat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.We/You/Theyareteachers.We/You/Theyarenotteachers.Arewe/you/theyteachers?Yes,we/you/theyare.No,we/you/theyaren’t.動(dòng)詞be一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成Heishappy.否定句:一般疑問句:肯定回答:否定回答:Heis

not(isn’t)happy.Ishehappy?Yes,heis.No,heisn’t.Iamhappy.否定句:一般疑問句:肯定回答:否定回答:Iam

nothappy.Are

youhappy?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.疑問句要求把BE提前，第一人稱變成第二人稱。Theyareintheclassroom.否定句:一般疑問句:肯定回答:否定回答:Theyarenot

(aren’t)intheclassroom.Aretheyintheclassroom?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.一般將來(lái)時(shí)Tom！Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?Iamgoingtohaveapicnictomorrow.1、將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。2、計(jì)劃、打算將去做某事。一、意義注意：be動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)而變化。例：他明天將要去游泳。

Heisgoingtoswimtomorrow.二、句型結(jié)構(gòu)1、begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形（do）1、肯定句

Iamgoingtoseeafilm.2、否定句

Iamnotgoingtoseeafilm.3、一般疑問句

Areyougoingtoseeafilm?Yes,Iam.No,I’mnot.4、特殊疑問句

Whatareyougoingtodo?begoingto句式例：這星期天我將要去看電影。

IwillseeafilmthisSunday.

這星期天他將去看電影。

HewillseeafilmthisSunday.注意：1.Will沒有人稱的變化2.疑問句中，主語(yǔ)是第一人稱（I/we）時(shí)，常用Shall2、Will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形（do）Shallwehaveanyclasstomorrow?Yes,weshall/will.No,weshallnot/won’t1、肯定句

I’llcallyourfatherthisevening.2、否定句

Iwillnot（=won’t）callyourfatherthisevening.3、一般疑問句Will

youcallmyfatherthisevening?Yes,Iwill.（一般疑問句的肯定回答不可以用Yes，I’ll.因?yàn)閟hall和will位于句末不能用縮略形式）

No,Iwon’t.4、特殊疑問句

你要去干什么？What

willyoudo?will句式表示純粹將來(lái)要做某事、發(fā)生某事1、表示計(jì)劃、打算去做某事（強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀意愿）2、表示根據(jù)事實(shí)情況極有可能發(fā)生的事。Annieisgoingtohaveapartythisweekend.It’ssocloudy.Ithinkit’sgoingtorain.Shewillbe20yearsoldnextyear.用于第一人稱I/we征求，允許；多用于口語(yǔ)提出建議或請(qǐng)求。ShallIgohomenow?ShallIopenthedoor？whereshallwego？willbegoingtoshall三、將來(lái)時(shí)常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tomorrowthedayaftertomorrowinthefutureintwodays兩天以后nextweek/month/year/timebeforelong不久；很快thisafternoon，soon，later，in+一段時(shí)間Inthefuture四、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法1.表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Inthefuture，therewillbesomenewstudentsinHuarui.IwillspendmywinterholidayinHuarui.Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwillstayathome.2、主將從現(xiàn)在部分條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，若主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。Youwillpasstheexamifyoustudyharder.主句:一般將來(lái)時(shí)從句：現(xiàn)在時(shí)主句:一般將來(lái)時(shí)從句：現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Look!Lily

Lucy

DescribeWhatafinedaytoday!Look....

Grammar現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):

PresentProgressive概念:

表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作結(jié)構(gòu):

be(is,am,are)+doing標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：

Look!、Listen!、now一般在動(dòng)詞原形后+ing以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的，去e，+ing重讀閉音節(jié)以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的，雙寫這一字母+ing動(dòng)詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成：writingtakinggettingrunningswimminggoinggoaskwritetakegetrunswimaskingExerciseThetwins___________(wash)theclothesnow.Look!He________(play)basketballoverthere.Listen!______Sally_______(sing)?arewashingisplayingIssingingPairworkHowoftendoyou…?(onceaweek,twice…,never)ReportIhaveafriend.His/Hernameis….He/Sheplays….現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)ThePresentPerfectTense一、含義一般疑問句:句末(表驚訝)“難道”Eg.I’vealreadyhadbreakfast.Isit10o’clockalready?yet：否定句:句末“還(沒)”疑問句:句末“己經(jīng)”Eg.Ihaven’thadbreakfastyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?1、過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，一般與already,yet,ever,never,just,before等連用。already/just:肯定句:“己經(jīng)/剛剛”(助后實(shí)前)/句末[注1]帶already的肯定句變成否定句或疑問句時(shí),將already變成yet放在句末.否定句:Ihaven’tdonemyhomeworkyet.一般疑問句:Haveyoudoneyourhomeworkyet?Eg.Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.

ever肯定句/疑問句

:句中“曾經(jīng)”Eg.I’veeverbeentoBeijing.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?never否定句:

句中“從來(lái)沒有”Eg.I’veneverbeentoBeijing.before句末,表示“以前”Eg.I’veseenitbefore.Hassheriddenabikebefore?2、過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).通常和for，since，howlong等連用.

for+

時(shí)間段（某個(gè)動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.

since

+(表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn),段/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句例如：since1980、sincethreeyearsagoEg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.二、構(gòu)成：

主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其他例：Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Hehasfoundhispen.1.規(guī)則變化(同過(guò)去式)

2.不規(guī)則變化(見不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的規(guī)則變化1.直接加-ed：cleaned2.以e結(jié)尾，直接加-d：liked3.輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-ed：tried4.輔元輔結(jié)構(gòu)，雙寫末尾輔音字母再加-ed：planned不規(guī)則變化（背）句式：（以動(dòng)詞see為例）1、陳述句：Ihaveseen....Hehasseen.....2、一般疑問句：

Haveyouseen....?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven't.Hasheseen....?Yes,hehas.No,hehasn't.3、否定句：Wehaven'tseen...;Ithasn'tseen...某人已經(jīng)去了某地現(xiàn)在還沒回來(lái),（可能現(xiàn)在正在某地或在路上）某人曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地,但現(xiàn)在己經(jīng)不在某地.HehasbeentoJinan.（去過(guò)濟(jì)南，人已回來(lái)）HehasgonetoJinan.（去濟(jì)南了，人在路上或在濟(jì)南）去，沒回

1.have/hasgoneto:2.have/hasbeento:3.have/hasbeenin：已呆在某地一段時(shí)間，常與for，sinc