2016年廣西民族大學(xué)翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題A卷

2016年廣西民族大學(xué)翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題A卷

PartI.BasicEnglishKnowledge(30%)

SectionA:Multiple-choice(20%)

Directions:Therearefortymultiple-choicequestionsinthissection.Choosethe

bestanswertoeachquestion.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

1.Onmywaytotheoffice,Isawalittlegirlstandinginfrontoftheshopwindow

looking

atthetoysinside.

A.faintlyB.ferociouslyC.deliberatelyD.wistfully

2.Sometimesthestudentmaybeaskedtowriteabouthistoacertainbook

orarticlethathassomebearingonthesubjectbeingstudied.

A.reactionB.commentC.impressionD.comprehension

3.Thebranchescouldhardlytheweightofthefruit.

A.retainB.sustainC.maintainD.remain

4.Withaneighty-hourweekandlittlechangeorenjoyment,lifemusthavebeen

very_____

forthe19"-centuryworker.

A.disinterestedB.dryC.wearyD.depressed

5.Theneedforcashisforcingnewgraduatestotakeanyjobgoing,andmanystart

theirworkinglifein,oftenmenialjobs.

A.momentaryB.mechanicalC.ashamedD.primeval

6.Thebusbecamebeforetheyarrived,andmanylatecomershadtowaitin

alongqueue.

A.occupiedB.engagedC.packedD.filled

7.Rosawassuchalast-minuteworkerthatshecouldneverstartwritingapaper

tillthedeadlinewas.

A.approachB.recentC.problematicD.imminent

8.Swarmsofwaspsarealwaysinvadingmygarden.Theyareathorough

A.nuisanceB.disturbanceC.troubleD.annoyance

9.Thenewairportwillbefromalldirections.

A.availableB.accessibleC.obtainableD.achievable

10.Nowresearchersaredirectingmoreattentiontothesocialandcultural

thatpropelleduniversitygraduatesintocareersinmanagement.

A.implicationB.impulseC.atmosphereD.imminence

11.Thepolicehaveofferedalargeforinformationleadingtotherobber'

sarrest.

A.awardB.compensationC.prizeD.reward

12.Foryearsshesufferedfromthethatherhusbandmightcomebacktoher.

A.visionB.ideaC.imaginationD.illusion

13.Therehasbeenalackofcommunicationbetweentheunionandthe

management.

A.regretfulB.regrettableC.regrettingD.regretted

14.Careshouldbetakentodecreasethelengthoftimethatoneisloud

continuousnoise.

A.subjectedtoB.filledwith

C.associatedwithD.attachedto

15.Mymothercan'tgetbecauseshehasrheumatism.

A.aboutB.onC.throughD.in

16.Thenovelcontainssomemarvelouslyrevealingofrurallifeinthe19th

century.

A.glancesB.glimpsesC.glaresD.gleams

17.Theparty'sreducedvotewasoflackofsupportforitspolicies.

A.indicativeB.positiveC.revealingD.evident

18.Atthreethousandfeet,wideplainsbegintoappear,andthereisneveramoment

whensomedistantmountainisnot____.

A.onviewB.ataglanceC.onthesceneD.insight

19.Onceapictureisprovedtobeaforgery,itbecomesquite.

A.invaluableB.pricelessC.unworthyD.worthless

20.Inthefirstfewmonthsofthewarhisarmyseemed,butsoonitmetits

Waterloo.

A.incredibleB.invisibleC.invidiousD.invincible

21.thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstruction

sitesby90percent.

A.Socleveraretheconstructionrobots

B.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsare

C.Suchconstructionrobotsareclever

D.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare

22.Hefeltduringtheinterview.Andhefailedtogetthejob.

A.anythingbutwellB.nothingbutwell

C.somethingbutwellD.nonebutwell

23.Itisnotuncommonforthereproblemsofcommunicationbetweentheold

andtheyoung.

A.beingB.wouldbeC.beD.tobe

24.,I'11marryhimallthesame.

A.WasherichorpoorB.Whetherrichorpoor

C.WereherichorpoorD.Beherichorpoor

25.Sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Youmusthavethought.

A.wewerenotcomingB.wearenotcoming

C.wedidn,tcomeD.weshouldnotcome

26.Thatwasnotthefirsttimeheus.Ithinkit'shightimewestrong

actionsagainsthim.

A.betrayed,takeB.hadbetrayed,took

C.hasbetrayed,tookD.hasbetrayed,take

27.,heisreadytoacceptsuggestionsfromdifferentsources.

A.InsteadofhiscontributionsB.Forallhisnotablecontributions

C.HismakingnotablecontributionsD.Howeverhisnotablecontributions

28.Iampleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenmeandyouhavetoldme.

A.thatB.allthatC.whichD.aboutwhatever

29.earlier,Icouldhavedonesomethingtohelp.

A.IfIwasinformedB.WasIinformed

C.HadIbeeninformedD.IfIshouldbeinformed

30.,heneveraltersadecision.

A.ComewhatmayB.Whatmaycome

C.MaywhatcomeD.Maycomewhatever

31.TheMinisterofFinanceisbelievedofimposingnewtaxestoraiseextra

revenue.

A.thatheisthinkingB.tobethinking

C.thatheistothinkD.tothink

32.Theheartisintelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolled

bythebrain.

A.notsoB.notmuchC.nomoreD.muchmore

33.Themembershipcardentitledhimcertainprivilegesintheclub.

A.onB.inC.atD.to

34.IhaveneverbeentoLondon,butthatisthecity

A.whereIliketovisitmostB.I'dmostliketovisit

C.whichIliketovisitmostlyD.whereI'dlikemosttovisit

35.Hewastotellthetrutheventohisclosestfriend.

A.toomuchofacowardB.toomuchthecoward

C.acowardenoughD.enoughofacoward

36.woolthatisproducedinScotlandisusedtomakesweatersand

othergarments.

A./??.theB./.../C.The.?.theD.The.../

37.Ilikeeconomics,Ilikesociologymuchbetter.

A.AsmuchasB.SomuchC.HowmuchD.Muchas

38.Youcannotbecarefulinmakingthedecisionasitwassuchacritical

case.

A.tooB.quiteC.veryD.so

39.enoughtimeandmoney,theresearcherswouldhavebeenabletodiscover

moreinthisfield.

A.GivingB.TogiveC.GivenD.Beinggiven

40.BarryhadanadvantageoverhismotherhecouldspeakFrench.

A.sincethatB.inthatC.atthatD.sothat

SectionB:ProofreadingandErrorCorrection(10%)

Directions:Thefollowingpassagecontains10errors.Eachindicatedline

containsamaximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshould

proofreadthepassageandcorrectit.PleasewriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

Peopleoncewidelybelievedthatintelligentlifeexistedon

Mars.The19,hcenturydiscoverofwhatappearedtobe41.

geometricdesignscutacrossthesurfacewastakenasevidence.

Thelineswerethoughttohavebeensystemofcanalsthathad42.

beenbuilttoirrigatethesurface.Thisisnowclearthat43.

“canals“一perhapsthemostspectaculargeologicfeaturesof

Mars-arenaturalvalleyswhichancientriversonceflowed.44.

OtherfragmentedideaconcernstheplanetJsseasonal45.

changesincolor.Oncewhenattributedtotherapidspreadof46.

somelife-form,theseshiftsarenowknowntodevelopfromthe

movementoffinedustintheatmosphere.

Bythecloseofthe20thcenturynoneofthemany

experimentswereconductedbyspacecrafthadeverfound47.

persuasiveevidenceoflife.Furthermore,speculationcontinued48.

overtheexistenceofsomeformoflife,ineitherthepresent

andthepast.In1996scientistsdiscoveredorganiccompounds49.

andmineralsinameteorite,consistedofMartianrock,50.

thatcollidedwithEartharound11,000BC.Thesecompounds

suggestthatMarsmayhavebeeninhabitedbyorganismsmore

thanthreebillionyearsago.

PartILReadingComprehension(50%)

SectionA(30%)

Directions:Thereare3passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoices

markedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwriteyouranswers

ontheAnswerSheet.

PassageOne

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

DepartmentStoreMagic

Formostofthe20thcenturySmithson'swasoneofBritain，smostsuccessful

departmentstores,butbythemid-1990s,ithadbecomedull.Stillprofitable,

thankslargelytoaseriesofsuccessfuladvertisingcampaigns,butdecidedlyboring.

Thefamouswerecarefulnottobeseenthere,anditssalesstaffdidn，tseemto

havechangedsincethestoreopenedin1908.Worstofall,itscustomerswerebuying

fewerandfewerofitsown-brandproducts,themajorpartofitsbusiness,and

showingapreferenceformorefashionablebrands.

Butnowallthishaschanged,thankstoRowenaBaker,whobecameSmithson's

firstwomanChiefExecutivethreeyearsago.Sincethen,whilemostmajorretailers

inBritainhavebeenlosingmoney,Smithson'sprofitshavebeenrisingsteadily.

WhenBakerstarted,alotofimprovementshadjustbeenmadetothebuilding,without

havinganyeffectonsales,andshetookthebolddecisiontoinviteoneofEurope's

mostexcitinginteriordesignerstodevelopthefashionarea,theheartofthestore.

Thisveryquicklyledtorisingsales,evenbeforethegoodsondisplaywerechanged.

Andassalesgrew,sodidprofits.

Bakerhadambitiousplansforthestorefromthestart.‘We'replayingabig

game,toprovewe'reuptherewiththeleadersinoursector,andwehavetomake

surepeoplegetthatmessage.Smithson，shadfallenbehindthecompetition.It

providedatraditionalservicetargetedatmiddle-aged,middle-incomecustomers,

who'dbeenshoppingthereforyears,andthecustomerbasewasgraduallycontracting.

Ourideaistosellsuchanexcitingvarietyofgoodsthateveryonewillwantto

comein,whethertheyplantospendalittleoralot.’Baker'svisionforthestore

isclear,butachievingitisfarfromsimple.Atfirst,manyemployeesresisted

herimprovementsbecausetheyjustwouldn，tbepersuadedthattherewasanything

wrongwiththewaythey'dalwaysdonethings,eveniftheyacceptedthatthestore

hadtoovertakeitscompetitors.Ittookmanylongmeetings,involvingtheentire

workforce,towintheirsupport.IthelpedwhentheyrealizedthatBakerwasavery

differentkindofmanagerfromtheonestheyhadknown.

Baker，sstaffpoliciescontainedmoresurprises.Theuniformthathadhardly

changedsincedayonehasnowdisappeared.Moreover,teenagersnowgetyoungshop

assistants,andstaffsinthesportsdepartmentsarethemselvessportsfansin

trainers.AsBakerexplains,'Howcanyouselljeansifyou，rewearingablack

suit?Smithson'shasanewidentity,andthisneedstobemadecleartothe

customers.*She'salsogiveneverysalesassistantresponsibilityforensuring

customersatisfaction,evenifitmeansoccasionallybreakingcompanyrulesinthe

hopethatthiswillhelpcompanyprofits.

RowenaBakerisprovingsuccessful,buttheCity*sbiginvestorshaven'tbeen

persuaded.Accordingtoretailanalyst,JohnMatthews,'Moneyhadalreadybeen

investedinrefurbishmentofthestoreandinfactthatledtotheboostinsales.

Shetookthecredit,buthadn'tdoneanythingtoachieveit.Andinmyviewthe

company'sshareholdersarenotconvinced.Thefactisthatunlesssheopensseveral

morestoresprettysoon,Smithson'sprofitswillstarttofallbecauseturnover

attheexistingstorewillinevitablystarttodecline.,

51.Accordingtothewriter,inthemid-1990sSmithson'sdepartmentstore

A.wasmakingaloss.

B.hadaproblemkeepingstaff.

C.wasunhappywithitsadvertisingagency.

D.mostlysoldgoodsundertheSmithson'sname.

52.Accordingtothewriter,Smithson'sprofitsstartedrisingthreeyearsago

becauseof

A.animprovementintheretailingsector.

B.thepreviousworkdoneonthestore.

C.RowenaBaker'schoiceofdesigner.

D.achangeintheproductsonsale.

53.AccordingtoRowenaBaker,oneproblemwhichSmithson'sfacedwhenshejoined

wasthat

A.thenumberofpeopleusingthestorewasfallingslowly.

B.itscompetitorsofferedamorespecializedrangeofproducts.

C.thestore*spricesweresetatthewronglevel.

D.customerswereunhappywiththeserviceprovided.

54.Accordingtothewriter,manystaffopposedBaker'splansbecause

A.theywereunwillingtochangetheirwayofworking.

B.theydisagreedwithhergoalsforthestore.

C.theyfelttheywerenotconsultedenoughaboutthechanges.

D.theywereunhappywithherstyleofmanagement.

55.Bakerhaschangedstaffpoliciesbecauseshebelievesthat

A.thecorporateimagecanbeimprovedthroughstaffuniforms.

B.thepreviousruleswerenotfairtocustomers.

C.customersshouldbeabletoidentifywiththestaffservingthem.

D.employeesshouldshareincompanyprofits.

PassageTwo

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TheAffectofElectricityonCancer

Canelectricitycausecancer?Inasocietythatliterallyrunsonelectricpower,

theveryideaseemspreposterous.Butformorethanadecade,agrowingbandof

scientistsandjournalistshaspointedtostudiesthatseemtolinkexposureto

electromagneticfieldswithincreasedriskofleukemiaandothermalignancies.The

implicationsareunsettling,tosaytheleast,sinceeveryonecomesintocontact

withsuchfields,whicharegeneratedbyeverythingelectrical,frompowerlines

andantennastopersonalcomputersandmicro-waveovens.Becauseevidenceonthe

subjectisinconclusiveandoftencontradictory,ithasbeenhardtodecidewhether

concernaboutthehealtheffectsofelectricityislegitimate-ortheworstkind

ofparanoia.

NowthealarmistshavegainedsomequalifiedsupportfromtheU.S.Environmental

ProtectionAgency.Intheexecutivesummaryofanewscientificreview,released

indraftformlatelastweek,theEPAhasputforwardwhatamountstothemostserious

governmentwarningtodate.Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientific

evidenceasuggestsacausallink“betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagnetic

fields一thosehavingverylongwave-lengths一andleukemia,lymphomaandbrain

cancer,WhilethereportfallsshortofclassifyingELFfieldsasprobable

carcinogens,itdoesidentifythecommon60-hertzmagneticfieldas“apossible,

butnotproven,causeofcancerinhumans.”

Thereportisnoreasontopanic一oreventolostsleep.Ifthereisacancer

risk,itisasmallone.Theevidenceisstillsocontroversialthatthedraftstirred

agreatdealofdebatewithintheBushAdministration,andtheEPAreleaseditover

strongobjectionsfromthePentagonandtheWhiteHouse.Butnownoonecandeny

thattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneeded.

Attheheartofthedebateisasimpleandwell-understoodphysicalphenomenon:

Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawire,itgeneratesanelectromagnetic

fieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjects,Formanyyears,scientists

dismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmful,primarilybecausethey

aresoextraordinarilyweak.TheELFmagneticfieldgeneratedbyavideoterminal

measuresonlyafewmillgauss,oraboutone-hundredththestrengthoftheearthJ

sownmagneticfield,Theelectricfieldssurroundingapowerlinecanbeashigh

as10kilovoltspermeter,butthecorrespondingfieldinducedinhumancellswill

beonlyabout1millvoltpermeter.Thisisfarlessthantheelectricfieldsthat

thecellsthemselvesgenerate.

Howcouldsuchminusculeforcesposeahealthdanger?Theconsensususedto

bethattheycouldnot,andfordecadesscientistsconcentratedonmorepowerful

kindsofradiation,likeX-rays,thatpacksufficientwalloptoknockelectrons

outofthemoleculesthatmakeupthehumanbody.Such“ionizing”radiationshave

beenclearlylinkedtoincreasedcancerrisksandthereareregulationstocontrol

emissions.

Butepidemiologicalstudies,whichfindstatisticalassociationsbetweensets

ofdata,donotprovecauseandeffect.Thoughthereisabodyoflaboratorywork

showingthatexposuretoELFfieldscanhavebiologicaleffectsonanimaltissues,

amechanismbywhichthoseeffectscouldleadtocancerousgrowthshasneverbeen

found.

ThePentagonisforfrompersuaded.Inablistering33critiqueofthe

EPAreport,AirForcescientistschargeitsauthorswithhaving“biasedtheentire

document“towardprovingalink.uOurreviewersareconvincedthatthereisno

suggestionthat(electromagneticfields)presentintheenvironmentinduceor

promotecancer,“theAirForceconcludes."ItisastonishingthattheEPAwould

lenditsimprimaturonthisreport."ThenPentagon'sconcernisunderstandable.

Thereishardlyaunitofthemodernmilitarythatdoesnotdependontheheavy

useofsomekindofelectronicequipment,fromhugeground-basedradartowersto

thedefensesystemsbuiltintoeverywarshipandplane.

56.Themainideaofthispassageis

A.studiesonthecauseofcancer.

B.controversialview-pointsinthecauseofcancer.

C.therelationshipbetweenelectricityandcancer.

D.differentideasabouttheeffectofelectricityoncancer.

57.Theview-pointoftheEPAis

A.thereiscasuallinkbetweenelectricityandcancer.

B.electricityreallyaffectscancer.

C.controversial.

D.lowfrequencyelectromagneticfieldisapossiblecauseofcancer.

58.WhydidthePentagonandWhitHouseobjecttothereleaseofthereport?

Because

A.itmaystiragreatdealofdebateamongtheBushAdministration.

B.everyunitofthemodernmilitaryhasdependedontheheavyuseofsomekind

ofelectronicequipment.

C.thePentagonJsconcernwasunderstandable.

D.theyhaddifferentarguments.

59.Itcanbeinferredfromphysicalphenomenon

A.theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldistooweaktobeharmful.

B.theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldisweakerthantheelectricfield

thatthecellsgenerate.

C.electromagneticfieldmayaffecthealth.

D.onlymorepowerfulradiationcanknockelectronoutofhumanbody.

60.Whatdoyouthinkordinarycitizensmaydoafterreadingthedifferentarguments?

A.Theyareindifferent.B.Theyareworriedverymuch.

C.Themayexerciseprudentavoidance.D.Theyareshocked.

PassageThree

Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Knowledgeeconomy

Therehavelongbeenmarketsintin,cocoa,silverandthelike.Thereused

tobesecurityinthinkingthatsomewheretherewasaproduct,somethingyoucould

touchandsee.Nowtherearenewmarketsinabstractions,tradeinideasand

knowledge.Everyonehasknowledgebutthereusedtobenowaytotradeit一except

throughjobs.Thatsimplefactofeconomiclifewasthebasisforwhitecollar

employmentforcenturies.Thewholejobculturegrewupbecausetherewasno

alternativewaytosellknowledge,otherthantheworkerormanagerproviding,for

afixedprice,hisorherknowledgetoanemployertoownorcontrol.Thequantity

ofknowledgeprovidedhastypicallybeenmeasuredintime.

Buttodaywestandatthethresholdofanewera.Theinformationeconomyhasmatured

andbecomesmarter.Accordingtomanybusinesscommentators,wearenowlivingin

aknowledgeeconomy.Therehasalwaysbeenamarketforknowledge,ofcourse.The

publishingindustryisbasedonit.Buttodaytheinternetismakingthedistribution

ofknowledgeevereasier.Thedayswhenthepublisherdecidedwhatgotpublished

areover.AnyonewithaPCandamodemcantalktotheworld.Thisisreducingthe

frictionintheknowledgeeconomy.

Everyonehasknowledgeofwhateverindustrysheorheisin.sayyouarea

computerdealer,forexample.Overtheyearsyouhavecompiledalistoftheten

bestlowestpriceplacestobuywholesalecomputerequipment.Nowyoucansellyour

knowledgetonewer,youngercomputerdealerswhohavenowaytobuildupthis

knowledgewithoutlosingthousandsofpoundsfindingitoutthehardway.Until

now,suchknowledgeremainedsecurelylockedintherecipient?shead,accumulated

andthenworthlesslywitheredaway.Thisnolongerneedstobethecase.Such

knowledgecanbesoldviawebsites.

Knowledgehasadistinctadvantageintoday'smarketplace.It'sarenewable

resource.Betteryet,it'sworthactuallyincreases.""Knowledgeistheonlyasset

thatgrowswithuse,“observesStanfordUniversityProfessorPaulRomer.Butwhat

exactlyisknowledgeandhowcanitbepackagedtotradeonanopenmarket?

uKnowledgeisexperientialinformation,intelligenceappliedthoroughandgained

fromexperience,“sayJosephPineandJamesGilmoreintheirbookTheExperience

Economy.

Thevalueofknowledgeoftendependsonvariablessuchastimeandthe

credibilityoftheseller.Certainknowledgemayhaveaverylimitedshelflife.

Insightsconcerninghowtosetupaninternetbusinessinonecountry,mightbe

worthafortuneononedayandnothingthenext,dependingonchangesingovernment

policy.Marketsinknowledgewillbesignificanceforonething.Theyrepresent

oneofthemostoriginalusesofthewebtechnology.Insomecorneroftheglobe

thereisacompanywantingtosourceplasticwidgetsfromPoland,andsomewhere

elseanothercompanythatwishestosetupaplasticsfactorythere.It'ssimply

acaseofconnectingthetwo.

Indicater.comisagoodexampleofaknowledgetrader.Itistargetedatfood

servicemanagersthroughoutthehospitalityindustry."Westartedwiththecontext

ratherthanextractingmoneyfromsuppliers,“explainsfounderMikeDay,“weoffer

foodserviceprofessionalsinteractivesupporttoincreasesalesandprofits.

Peopledon,twantanotherone-dimensionalsitefullofadvertisingthatdoesn'

thelpthemtodotheirjobmoreeffectively.Ithastobecustomizedofferingreal

solutionstorealproblems."Thesite'sfeaturesincludeaccesstoonlinetraining

andatarifftrackertorestaurantscancheckpricesthroughoutthesector.

61.Whatpointismadeinthefirstparagraph?

A.Interestincommoditymarketshasdecreased.

B.Overalllevelsofexpertisehaveimproved.

C.Opportunitiestoexploityourknowledgewerelimitedinthepast.

D.Externalmarketforceshavemeantknowledgeisunderpriced.

62.Inthethirdparagraph,whatdoesthewritersayaboutknowledge?

A.Acquiringknowledgecanbeexpensive.

B.ThemostvaluableknowledgeconcernsIT.

C.Tradingknowledgeraisesissuesofsecurity.

D.Newbusinessesfindithardtotradeinknowledge.

63.Whatpointismadeaboutknowledgeinthefourthparagraph?

A.Itprovidesspecialistinformation.

B.Itsappealliesinitsexclusivity.

C.itcangeneratenewideas

D.Itsvalueaccumulates.

64.Whichapplicationofknowledgedoesthewriterregardasparticularlyuseful?

A.analyzingmanufacturingtrends

B.introducingcompatibleparties

C.interpretingtimeconstraints

D.advisingonlegislation

65.WhatkeyfeatureisprovidedbyIndicator,com?

A.approachesthatreflecttheprovider'sownexperience

B.accesstoappropriatelytrainedpotentialemployees

C.advicewhichdirectlybenefitsthebottomline

D.advertisingwhichiscarefullytargeted

SectionB:Cloze(20%)

Pleasefillinblanks66to85ofthefollowingpassage.Writeyouranswerson

theAnswerSheet.

AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexercise

precioustohealth."But_66_someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhas

littleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes67_short-termchangesinthe

functionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,_68_heartrateandoxygenconsumption

Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto_69—,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave

_70___benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.

-71_,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughter

apparentlyaccomplishesthe_72_,studiesdatingbacktothe1930,sindicate

thatlaughter_73___muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafter

thelaughdiesdown.

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp__74_theeffectsofpsychological

stress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof_75___

feedback,thatimproveanindividual*semotionalstate._76___oneclassicaltheory

ofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted___77___physicalreactions.Itwas

arguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathuman