2018年考研英語(yǔ)一試卷真題(后附答案詳解)

2018年考研英語(yǔ)一真題原文及答案解析完整版

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessary

condition(l)manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheother

hand,puttingyour(2)inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh(3).

(4),whydowetrustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood.(5)peopleplace

theirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormone

that(6)pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatleadssheepto

flocktogetherforsafetyandpromptshumansto(7)withone

another.SwissScientistshavefoundthatexposure(8)thishormoneputsusina

trusting(9):Inastudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthe

subjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneyto

strangersthanweretheir(10)whoinhaledsomethingelse.

(ll)forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythat

may(12)us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscan

differentiate(13)acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswere

each(14)toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,

“What'sinhere?”beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,uWow!”

Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook(15).Halfofthemfoundatoy;theother

half(16)thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad(17)them.

Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere(18)to

cooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewski11,demonstratingthattheytrustedhis

leadership.(19),onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe"(20)ntester

participatedinafbllow-upactivity.

l.A.onB.LikeC.forD.from

2.A.faithB.ConcernC.attentionD.interest

3.A.benefitB.debtc.hopeD.price

4.A.ThereforeB.Thenc.InsteadD.Again

5.A.UntilB.Unlessc.AlthoughD.When

6.A.selectsB.producesc.appliesD.maintains

7.A.consultB.Competec.connectD.compare

8.A.atB.byc.ofD.to

9.A.contextB.moodc.periodD.circle

10.A.counterpartsB.substitutesc.colleaguesD.supporters

11.A.FunnyB.Luckyc.OddD.Ironic

12.A.monitorB.Protectc.surpriseD.delight

13.A.betweenB.withinc.towardD.over

14.A.TransferredB.addedc.introducedD.entrusted

15.A.outB.backc.aroundD.inside

16.A.DiscoveredB.Provedc.insistedD.remembered

17.A.betrayedB.wrongedc.fooledD.mocked

18.A.forcedB.willingc.hesitantD.entitled

19.A.IncontrastB.Asaresultc.OnthewholeD.Forinstance

20.A.inflexibleB.incapablec.unreliableD.unsuitable

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing

A,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobably

gounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobots

comefortheirjobs?

Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskof

beingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclass

disproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon*t

appealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financial

advice,softwareengineering——havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichown

therobots,sotheywillbefine.

Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhas

benefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLuddites

whosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedliving

standardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshould

eventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfree

workersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmay

needalotofhelpadjusting.

Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecond

MachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums一from

grammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmore

oncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjob

offosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Online

educationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.ltcouldmakeextratrainingand

instructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodoso

withoutgoingintodebt.

ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.to

reviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.In

previouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionby

dreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersand

virtualrealityhaven*tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwill

inventthem.

Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincome

andlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxeson

low-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometax

creditshouldbeexpanded:Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,reward

companiesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.

Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfew

years,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupended

byautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbe

nuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.

21.【題干】Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?

【選項(xiàng)】

A.Leadingpoliticians.

B.Low-wagelaborers.

C.Robotowners.

D.Middle-classworkers.

22.【題干】Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor'sview?

【選項(xiàng)】

A.Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.

B.Optimists*opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.

C.Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled

D.Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided

23.【題干】Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasis

on.

【選項(xiàng)】

A.creativepotential.

B.job-huntingskills.

C.individualneeds.

D.cooperativespirit.

24.【題干】Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat.

【選項(xiàng)】

A.encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.

B.increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.

C.easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.

D.preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.

25.【題干】Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith.

【選項(xiàng)】

A.opposingviewsonit.

B?possiblesolutionstoit.

C.itsalarmingimpacts.

D.itsmajorvariations.

Text2

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoung

AmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump'suseofTwitter.Theimplicationisthat

MillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Not

apresident'ssocialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthas

risentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracy

skills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlya

quarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateof

Michiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.Andasurvey

conductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornever

trustnewsfromthemediagiant.

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulat

separatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfbcus-groupsurveyof

youngpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyusedistributedtrust“toverify

stories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives一

especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias/4Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdeal

ofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposing

viewpoints,“thesurveyconcluded.

Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedin

Australia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfound

thatyoungpeople'srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyand

immediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheir

valuesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassing

alonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenby

Americansforthefakenewsphenomenonisreadererror,vmoresothanmade-up

storiesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewslies

inmisinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews“viasocialmedia.Inother

words,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue."This

indicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,vsays

RoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.

Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyreveala

mentaldisciplineinthinkingskills-andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocial

media.

26.【題干】AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscast

doubtson

【選項(xiàng)】

A.thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.

B?people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.

C.theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.

D.socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.

27.【題干】Thephrase“beerup”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

【選項(xiàng)】A

A.sharpen

B.define

C.boast

D.share

28.【題干】Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople

【選項(xiàng)】

A.tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.

B.verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.

C.havesstrongsenseofresponsibility.

D.liketoexchangeviewsonudistributedtrustv

29.【題干】TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblem

is

【選項(xiàng)】

A.readersoutdatedvalues.

B.Journalists'biasedreporting

C.readers1misinterpretation

D.Journalists'made-upstories.

30.【題干】Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

【選項(xiàng)】

A.ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline

B?ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend

C.TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.

D.ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.

Text3

Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain's

NationalHealthService(NHS)andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatboth

sidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence(AI)companies

intheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcould

alsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ltIsagainstthat

backgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedher

damningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhanded

overtoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsIn2015onthebasisofavague

agreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients*rightsandtheir

expectationsofprivacy.

DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Further

arrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbe

carefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedof

patientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.Therearelessonsaboutinformed

patientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhe

mostimportant.Ms.DenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,since

underexistinglawitucontrollednthedataandDeepMindmerely"processed"it.Butthis

distinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthemere

possessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.

Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatour

livesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfrom

identifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomy

works.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwith

thedataofcountlessmillionsmore.

Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightly

maladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.ltisnotenoughtosaythat

thealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmatters

isthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublic

resources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdata

maybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthebeginningof

thisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequences

later.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigital

feudalism.Ms.Denham^reportisawelcomestart.

31.［題干】WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?

【選項(xiàng)】

A.Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.

B.Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient'srights.

C.Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectations

D.Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.

32.【題干】TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham'sverdictwith

【選項(xiàng)】

A.emptypromises.

B.toughresistance.

C.necessaryadjustments.

D.sincereapologies.

33.【題干】TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that

【選項(xiàng)】

A.privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.

B.leakingpatients'dataisworsethansellingit.

C.makingprofitsfrompatients1dataisillegal.

D.thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit

34.【題干】Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealis

【選項(xiàng)】

A.theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.

B?theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.

C.theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.

D.themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.

35.【題干】Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis

【選項(xiàng)】

A.ambiguous.

B.cautious.

C.appreciative.

D.Contemptuous.

Text4

TheU.S.PostalService(USPS)continuestobleedredink.ltreportedanetloss

of$5.6billionforfiscal2016,the10thstraightyearitsexpenseshaveexceeded

revenue.Meanwhile,ithasmorethan$120billioninunfundedliabilities,mostlyfor

employeehealthandretirementcosts.Therearemanybankruptcies.Fundamentally,the

USPSisinahistoricsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanently

decreaseddemandforitsbread-and-butterproduct,first-classmail,andaregulatory

structurethatdeniesmanagementtheflexibilitytoadjustitsoperationstothenew

reality

Andinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakersexert

self-interestedpressureontheUSPS'sultimateoverseer-Congress-insistingthat

whateverelsehappenstothePostalService,aspectsofthestatusquotheydependon

getprotected.Thisiswhyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailedinrecent

years,leavingthePostalServiceunabletopayitsbillsexceptbydeferringvital

modernization.

Nowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolved--Democrats,Republicans,thePostal

Service,theunionsandthesystem'sheaviestusers——hasfinallyagreedonaplantofix

thesystem.LegislationismovingthroughtheHousethatwouldsaveUSPSan

estimated$28.6billionoverfiveyears,whichcouldhelppayfornewvehicles,among

othersurvivalmeasures.Mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapenny-per-letter

permanentrateincreaseandfromshiftingpostalretireesintoMedicare.Thelatterstep

wouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretireehealth

care,thusaddressingalong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunion.

IfitclearstheHouse,thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughtheSenate-

wheresomeoneisboundtopointoutthatitamountstothebare,bareminimum

necessarytokeepthePostalServiceafloat,notcomprehensivereform.There'sno

changetocollectivebargainingattheUSPS,amajoromissionconsideringthat

personnelaccountsfor80percentoftheagency'scosts.Alsomissingisany

discussionofeliminatingSaturdayletterdeliveiy.Thatcommon-sensechangeenjoys

widepublicsupportandwouldsavetheUSPS$2billionperyear.Butpostal

special-interestgroupsseemtohavekilledit,atleastintheHouse.Theemerging

consensusaroundthebillisasignthatlegislatorsaregettingfrightenedabouta

politicallyembarrassingshort-termcollapseattheUSPS.Itisnot,however,asignthat

they'regettingseriousabouttransformingthepostalsystemforthe21stcentury.

36.【題干】ThefinancialproblemwiththeUSPSiscausedpartlyby.

【選項(xiàng)】

A.itsunbalancedbudget.

B.itsrigidmanagement.

C.thecostfortechnicalupgrading.

D.thewithdrawalofbanksupport.

37.【題干】AccordingtoParagraph2,theUSPSfailstomodernizeitselfdue

to.

【選項(xiàng)】

A.theinterferencefrominterestgroups.

B.theinadequatefundingfromCongress.

C.theshrinkingdemandforpostalservice.

D.theincompetenceofpostalunions.

38.【題干】Thelong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunionscanbe

addressedby.

【選項(xiàng)】

A.removingitsburdenofretireehealthcare.

B.makingmoreinvestmentinnewvehicles.

C.adoptinganewrate-increasemechanism.

D.attractingmorefirst-classmailusers.

39.［題干］Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstoviewlegislatorswith,

【選項(xiàng)】

A.respect.

B.tolerance.

C.discontent.

D.gratitude.

40.【題干】Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

【選項(xiàng)】

A.TheUSPSStartstoMissItsGoodOldDays

B.ThePostalService:KeepAwayfromMyCheese

C.TheUSPS:ChronicIllnessRequiresaQuickCure

D.ThePostalServiceNeedsMorethanaBand-Aid

PartB

Directions:

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,you

arerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfrom

thelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeen

correctlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A].InDecemberof1869,Congressappointedacommissiontoselectasiteand

prepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartmentBuilding.The

commissionwasalsotoconsiderpossiblearrangementsfortheWarandNavy

Departments.TothehorrorofsomewhoexpectedaGreekRevivaltwinofthe

TreasuryBuildingtobeerectedontheothersideoftheWhiteHouse,theelaborate

FrenchSecondEmpirestyledesignbyAlfredMullettwasselected,andconstruction

ofabuildingtohouseallthreedepartmentsbeganinJuneof1871.

[B].Completedin1875,theStateDepartment'ssouthwingwasthefirsttobe

occupied,withitselegantfbur-storylibrary(completedin1876),DiplomaticReception

Room,andSecretary'sofficedecoratedwithcarvedwood,Orientalrugs,andstenciled

wallpatterns.TheNavyDepartmentmovedintotheeastwingin1879,whereelaborate

wallandceilingstencilingandmarquetryfloorsdecoratedtheofficeoftheSecretary.

[C].TheState,War,andNavyBuilding,asitwasoriginallyknown,housedthe

threeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimatelyassociatedwithformulatingand

conductingthenation'sforeignpolicyinthelastquarterofthenineteenthcenturyand

thefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury-theperiodwhentheUnitedStatesemergedas

aninternationalpower.Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenation'smostsignificant

diplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmanyhistoricevents.

[D].Manyofthemostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistorical

eventsthathavetakenplacewithintheEEOB'sgranitewalls.TheodoreandFranklin

D.Roosevelt,WilliamHowardTaft,DwightD.Eisenhower,LyndonB.Johnson,Gerald

Ford,andGeorgeH.W.Bushallhadofficesinthisbuildingbeforebecoming

president.lthashoused16SecretariesoftheNavy,21SecretariesofWar,and24

SecretariesofState.WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapanese

emissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordellHullafterthebombingofPearl

Harbor.

[E].TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding(EEOB)commandsaunique

positioninboththenationalhistoryandthearchitecturalheritageoftheUnited

States.DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasury,AlfredB.Mullett,itwasbuilt

from1871to1888tohousethegrowingstaffsoftheState,War,andNavy

Departments,andisconsideredoneofthebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpire

architectureinthecountry.

[F].Constructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingbywing.When

theEEOBwasfinished,itwasthelargestofficebuildinginWashington,withnearly2

milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors.Almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcastiron

orplaster;theuseofwoodwasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety.Eightmonumental

curvingstaircasesofgranitewithover4,000individuallycastbronzebalustersare

cappedbyfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas.

[G].ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswerelaid.The

firstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedbetween1799and1820.Aseriesof

fires(includingthosesetbytheBritishin1814)andovercrowdedconditionsledtothe

constructionoftheexistingTreasuryBuilding.In1866,theconstructionoftheNorth

WingoftheTreasuryBuildingnecessitatedthedemolitionoftheStateDepartment

building.

PartCTranslation

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

Chinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10

points)

Shakespeare?slifetimewascoincidentwithaperiodofextraordinaryactivity

andachievementinthedrama.(46)BythedateofhisbirthEuropewaswitnessingthu

passingofthereligiousdrama,andthecreationofnewformsundertheincentiveof

classicaltragedyandcomedy.Thesenewformswereatfirstmainlywrittenby

scholarsandperformedbyamateurs,butinEngland,aseverywhereelseinwestern

Europe,thegrowthofaclassofprofessionalactorswasthreateningtomakethedrama

popular,whetheritshouldbeneworold,classicalormedieval,literaryor

farcical.Court,schoolorganizationsofamateurs,andthetravelingactorswereallrivals

insupplyingawidespreaddesirefordramaticentertainment：and(47)noboywhowent

agrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformofliteraturewhich

gaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland.

WhenShakespearewastwelveyearsold,thefirstpublicplayhousewasbuiltin

London.Foratimeliteratureshowednointerestinthispublicstage.Playsaimingat

literarydistinctionwerewrittenforschoolorcourt,orforthechoirboysofSt.Paul?s

andtheroyalchapel,who,however,gaveplaysinpublicaswellasatcouil.(48)butthe

professionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters,anduniversitymenwith

literatureambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheatersasofferingameansof

livelihood.BythetimeShakespearewastwenty-five,Lyly,Peele,andGreenehadmade

comediesthatwereatoncepopularandliterary;Kydhadwrittenatragedythat

crowdedthepit;andMarlowehadbroughtpoetryandgeniustotriumphonthe

commonstage-wheretheyhadplayednopartsincethedeathofEuripides.(49)A

nativeliterarydramahadbeencreated,itsalliancewiththepublicplayhouses

established,andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeenbegun.

ThedevelopmentoftheElizabethandramaforthenexttwenty-fiveyearsisof

exceptionalinteresttostudentsofliteraryhistory,fbrinthisbriefperiodwemaytrace

thebeginning,growth,blossoming,anddecayofmanykindsofplays,andofmanygreat

careers.Weareamazedtodayatthemerenumberofplaysproduced,aswellasbythe

numberofdramatistswritingatthesametimeforthisLondonoftwohundred

thousandinhabitants.(50)Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity,wemust

rememberfurtherthathostsofplayshavebeenlost,andthatprobablythereisno

authorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

51.

Directions:

Writeanemailtoallinternationalexpertsinyouruniversity,invitingthemto

attendagraduationceremony.Inthisletter,youshouldstatethetime,placeandother

informationabouttheceremony.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANWSERSHEET.

Donotsignyouownnameattheendoftheletter,use“LiMing“instead.

Donotwritetheaddress/10points)

PartB

52.Directions

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpictures.Inyessay,you

should

l)describethepicturesbriefly;

2)interpretthemeaning,and

3)giveyourcomments.

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points

答案解析

SectionIUseofEnglish

1.【答案】C

【解析】該題選擇的是介詞，與后面的manyworthwhilethings一塊做后置

定語(yǔ)修飾前面的condition,表明對(duì)于許多重要事情來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)必要的條件。而A

選項(xiàng)from（來(lái)自于），C選項(xiàng)like（像）D選項(xiàng)on（關(guān)于）均語(yǔ)義不搭。

2.【答案】A

【解析】此處考察語(yǔ)義一致和對(duì)上下文辨析的問(wèn)題。該空是做put的賓語(yǔ)，

通過(guò)前面的Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition（l）manyworthwhile

thingsrchildcare,friendships,etc.（一方面，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來(lái)說(shuō)是必要條件，比

如照看孩子，友誼等）;ontheotherhand可以得知