高中英語語法分專題全面復(fù)習(xí)第四講 主謂一致講解與練習(xí)

主謂一致Ⅰ.含義：在英語句子中，謂語受主語支配，其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。分類：語法一致原則、邏輯意義一致原則、就近原則。Ⅱ.語法一致原則：謂語動詞和主語在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.Whathesaidistrue.【注意】★由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，主句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsayanddohasnothingtodowithyou.apairof+表無生命的名詞+單數(shù)謂語；apairof+表人或動物的名詞+單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)謂語：Thispairofshoesisnotmine.Thehappypairis/aregoingtoHawaiifortheirhoneymoon.2.“單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)：YouandIaregoodfriends.Theboyandthegirlweresosurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.【注意】★如果and并列的主語指的是同一個人或物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)：a/the+單數(shù)名詞（人）+and+單數(shù)名詞（人）+單數(shù)謂語a/the+單數(shù)名詞（人）+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞（人）+復(fù)數(shù)謂語Thedancerandsingerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.Thedancerandthesingerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式:Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove.Eachboyandgirlwasgivenabook.Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.有些用and連接起來的單數(shù)名詞，由于關(guān)系密切，已被看成一個整體，因而作主語時，謂語單詞用單數(shù)。這類名詞詞組有：knifeandfork刀叉needleandthread針線breadandbutter面包和黃油fishandchips炸魚加薯條thestarsandstripes星條旗FishandchipsisapopularfastfoodinEngland.ThestarsandstripesisthenationalflagoftheU.S.A.3.主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式:Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.Themanager,alongwithhissecretaries,isgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.Theteacher,aswellastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.4.each;each+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；eachof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語都用單數(shù)形式：Eacharrivesontime.Eachofthebuildingispaintedadifferentcolor.5.由any,some,no,every與body,one,thing構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語或主語的一部分，謂語用單數(shù)：Everybodyisdoinghisbest.Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.6.在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與先行詞的數(shù)一致：Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.試比較：Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.7.如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式,這些詞有army,family,audience,club,class,group,organization,troop等：Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.Theclasswereallcheerful.Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplans.【注意】people,police,cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù):Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.8.在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致:Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.Ⅲ.邏輯意義一致原則：謂語動詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致（因有時主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)；有時形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)。）what,who,which,any,more,all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來決定：Whichisyoufavoritesubject?Whichareyourfavoritesubjects?Allisgoingwell.AllhavegonetoBeijing.表示時間、重量、長度、價值等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時，因常表示一個整體的概念，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式：Eighthoursofsleepisenough.Tendollarsistoomuchtopayfortheshirt.復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞，如書名、劇名、報名、國名等，其謂語用單數(shù)：TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.TheThameshasalargepopulation.一些學(xué)科名詞是以-ics結(jié)尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics，以及news，works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實際意義是單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式：Worldeconomicshasadirecteffectonworldpeace.Physicswashermajor.“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)：Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer.Thegoodarewellrewarded,andthebadpunished.Ⅳ.就近原則：謂語動詞的人稱與最近的主語保持一致。當(dāng)兩個主語由or;either…or;neither…nor;whether…or…;notonly…butalso連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致：GeorgeorIamwrong.EitherJohnorhisfriendsaretoblameforthebadresults.NeithermybrothernorIamgoingtothesummercamp.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.therebe句型be動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個主語保持一致：(here引導(dǎo)的句子用法相同)Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.Therearetwentygirlsandonlyoneboyinourclass.【主謂一致專項訓(xùn)練】1.NooneexceptJackandTom theanswer. A．know Bknows C．isknowing D．a(chǎn)reknown2. ofthemoney usedup. A．Three-five,are B．Three-fifths,havebeenCThree-fifths,hasbeen D．Third-fifths,is3.Thenumberofthepeoplewho cars increasing. A．owns,are B．owns,is Cown,is D．own,are4.Someperson callingforyouatthegate. A．a(chǎn)re B．willbe C．isbeing Dis 5.Yournewclothesfityou,butmine me. A．doesn’tfit Bdon’tfit C．doesn’tfitfor D．don’tfitfor6.Betweenthetwobuildings amonument. A．stand Bstands C．standing D．isstanding7.Oneachsideofthestreet alotoftrees. A．stands B．a(chǎn)regrown C．isstanding Dgrow8.I,who yourgoodfriend,willshareyourjoysandsorrow. Aam B．is C．a(chǎn)re D．was9.Deer fasterthandogs.A．a(chǎn)rerunning B．runs Crun D．willrun10.Morethanoneanswer tothequestion. A．havebeengiven Bhasbeengiven C．weregiven D．hadgiven11.Theboysittingbythewindowistheonlyoneofthestudentswho fromthecountrysideinourschool. A．a(chǎn)re Bis C．were D．was12.Veryfew hisaddressinthetown. A knowB．knows C．a(chǎn)reknowing D．hasknown13.Seventypercentofthestudentsinourschool fromthecountryside. A．is B．comes Care D．a(chǎn)recoming14.Allthatcanbeeaten eatenup. A．a(chǎn)rebeing B．havebeen C．hadbeen Dhasbeen 15.Iknowthatall gettingonwellwithher. A．was Bis C．a(chǎn)re D．were16.Onthewall______apictureandtwolamps.AwerefoundB.wasfoundC.findD.finds1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_______visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.was B.were C.hadbeen D.wouldbe2.Therich_____notalwayshappy..A.is B.are C.has D.have3.Thisspecialstrainofrice___________one-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefield.A.makespossibletoproduce B.makesitpossibletoproduceC.makepossibleproducing D.makeitpossibleproducing4.Avarietyofbooks_____________thechildrenofdifferentages.A.areinterestedin B.isinterestedinC.areintendingfor D.isintendingfor5.Tomaswellastwoofhisfriends________totheconcertlastnight

A.hasbeeninvitedB.hadbeeninvitedC.wereinvited D.wasinvited6.—Mike,whatdidourmonitorsayjustnow?—Everyboyandeverygirlaswellasteacherswhotovisitthemuseumaskedtobeattheschoolgatebefore6:30inthemorning.A.is;is B.are;is C.is;are D.are;are7.ApoetandartistcomingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingstomorrowafternoon.A.is B.are C.was D.were8.ItisI_________myparentswho__________toblamefortheaccident.A.otherthan;areB.ratherthan;amC.morethan;are D.than;is9.Inourschool,manyaboy____playingfootballandmoregirlsthanone____playingit.A.likes;likes B.like;like C.like;likes D.likes;like10.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents______toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.A.are B.is C.have D.be11.Whatweusedtothink______impossiblenowdoesseempossible.A.is B.was C.hasbeen D.willbe12.Asyoucansee，thepriceofpork，eggsandgrainrising_____thesedays.A.arekeeping B.keep C.keeps D.werekeeping13.Threestudentsintenwillgoand_____tostayintheclassroom.A.therestareB.therestisC.theotherare D.theotheris14.Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third___________usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.A.is B.are C.was D.were15.E-mail,aswellastelephones,____animportantp