高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法分專(zhuān)題全面復(fù)習(xí)第六講 虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解與練習(xí)

虛擬語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)中有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣：虛擬語(yǔ)氣是由句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人所說(shuō)的不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測(cè)。一．虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示假設(shè)，用在if非真實(shí)條件句中從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If主語(yǔ)+did/were主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+do與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反If主語(yǔ)+haddone主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+havedone1.did與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反If主語(yǔ)+2.shoulddo主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+do3.weretodo例：IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepthisadvice.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.注意：1.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣當(dāng)從句主句所表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。Ifyou____________(follow)myadvicejustnow,you_________(be)betternow.Ifyou__________(study)hardbefore,you_______(be)acollegestudentnow.2.省略if的虛擬條件句中，were，had（完成時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志），should放在句首，（用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)），if必須省略。(只倒裝從句，主句不改變)1.WereIyou(=IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.1.HadInotseenhimthen(Hadn’tIseenhimthen),Iwouldn'thavebeenveryhappy.3、含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過(guò)其它手段來(lái)代替條件句。常用的有介詞with，without，butfor（倘沒(méi)有，要不是）；連詞or，but；副詞otherwise等。.Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.=IfIhadn‘tbeenillthatday,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.Without/Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,…二．虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，常用wish+賓語(yǔ)從句。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式為：從句動(dòng)作與wish同時(shí)did/were從句動(dòng)作先于wishhaddone（或用couldhavedone）從句動(dòng)作在wish之后could/would/might+doIwishIwereabirdandIcouldflyinthesky.IwishIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.此外，Ifonly+句子=HowIwish+that從句(要是……就好了）IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!=HowIwishIwereaflyingbird!我要是一只飛鳥(niǎo)該多好?。∪?虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表示懷疑或推測(cè)。在某些表示“命令、建議、要求”等動(dòng)詞，名詞以及形容詞存在的主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為：sb（should）+do此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞記憶口訣：一堅(jiān)持(insist)二命令(order/command)三要求(demand/require/request)四建議（advise/suggest/propose/recommend）例：1.Isuggestedthathe(should)gothereatonce.(賓語(yǔ)從句)2.Myadviceisthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.(表語(yǔ)從句)3.Imadeasuggestionthathe(should)tellhimthetruth.(同位語(yǔ)從句)4.Itissuggestedthathe(should)gotoschoolearly.(主語(yǔ)從句)注意：suggest:表示“表明，暗示”的意思時(shí)，從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣；表示“建議”時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe_____（be)illandItissuggestedthatshe________________(send)tohospitalimmediately.insist：表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”的意思時(shí)，從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣；表示“堅(jiān)持主張，堅(jiān)持要求”時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣Heinsistedthathe____________(notsteal)themoneyandinsistedthathe____________(set)free.四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用法1.asif/asthough（好像）+從句從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)did/were從句動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作之前haddone從句動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作之后would/could/might+doHelooksasifhewereanartist.Hetalkedabouttheaccidentasifhehadseenit.2.Itis(high/about)time(that)sbdid/sbshould（不可省略）+do該是某人做某事的時(shí)候了。Itishightimethatyougotup/shouldgetup.3.在wouldrather+賓語(yǔ)從句中從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)或之后did/were從句動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作之前haddone例：Iwouldrathertheydidn’thearthenews.IwouldratherIhadnottoldhimhebadnews.Ifonlyhe____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie

2.HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.

A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad

3.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired

A.drove;didn’tget

B.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot

4._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge

A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will5.IwishI____herethen

A.was

B.hadbeen

C.were

D.wouldbe6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken7.Iinsisted_____toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing___wrongwithhim

A.onhimtogo;shouldbeB.hewent;beC.hego;wasD.heshouldto;is8.---Yourauntinvitesyoutothemoviestoday---Iwouldrathershe____metomorrowthantoday

A.tellsB.toldC.wouldtellD.hadtold9.---Wouldyouhavecalledherup?---Yes,butI____busydoingmyhomework

A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe10.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI____thesportsmeet

A.wouldhavetakenpartinB.tookpartinC.hadtakenpartinD.wouldtakepartin

11.___theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasily

A.Haditnotbeenfor

B.IfitwerenotC.IfithadnotbeenforD.Wereitnotfor

12.Ifmylawyer____herelastSunday,he____mefromgoing

A.hadbeen,wouldhaveprevented

B.hadbeen,wouldprevent

C.were,prevent

D.were,wouldhaveprevented

13.____hard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam

A.Ifheweretowork

B.Hadheworked

C.ShouldheworkD.Werehetowork

14.____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday

A.WerehetoleaveB.Ifhehadleft

C.Didhetoleave

D.Hadheleft

15.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you____allrightnow

A.areB.were

C.wouldbe

D.wouldhavebeen

16.Ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrother

A.hascome

B.didcome

C.come

D.hadcome

17.He____busyyesterday,orhe___youwithyourexperiment.

A.was,hadhelped

B.was,wouldhavehelped

C.hadbeen,wouldhavehelped

D.were,wouldhavehelped

18.Ifit____forthesnow,we____themountainyesterday

A.werenot,couldhaveclimb

B.werenot,couldclimbC.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbed

D.hadn’tbeen,couldclimb

19.Withoutelectricity,humanlife____quitedifficulttoday

A.is

B.willbeC.wouldhavebeen

D.wouldbe

20.---Iamgoingtotellherthenews---Iwouldassoonasyou_____heraboutit

A.didn’ttell

B.don’ttellC.hadn’ttell

D.won’ttell

21.Mike’sfather,aswellashismother,insistedhe____home

A.stayed

B.couldstay

C.hasstayed

D.stay

22.Itwasrequestedthattheplay____again

A.shouldputonB.wouldputon

C.beputon

D.puton

23.Sheinsistedthatadoctor_____immediately

A.hadsentfor

B.send

C.besentfor

D.wassent

24.---Didyouscoldhimforhiscarelessness----Yes,but____it

A.I’drathernotdo

B.I’drathernothavedone

C.Ishould’tdo

D.I’dbetternotdo

25.IfonlyI___mycarA.hadn’tlost

B.wouldn’tlose

C.didn’tlose

D.haven’tlost

26.Butforwater,it____impossibletoliveintheearth

A.is

B.would

beC.were

D.wouldn’tbe

27.Iwouldratheryou____anythingaboutitforthetimebeing

A.do

B.didn’tdoC.don’t

D.didn’t

28.Thekind-heartedcoupletreattheorphanverywellasthoughhe____theirownson

A.is

B.were

C.hadbeen

D.shouldbe

29.Howtheoldpeoplewishthatthey____youngoncemore

A.were

B.couldbecome

C.hadbeen

D.shouldbe

30.Itishightimethatwe____ameetingtodiscussthisproblem

A.hold

B.held

C.haveheld

D.hadheld

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