高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 閱讀理解專題專練 專題19 詞義猜測體驗(yàn)高考

第二部分閱讀理解專題十九詞義猜測Passage1(·江西，A)Thelightfromthecampfirebrightenedthedarkness，butitcouldnotpreventthedampcoldofDennis'sSwamp(沼澤地)creepingintotheirbones.Itwasastrangeplace.MartinandTomwishedthattheyhadnotacceptedJack'sdare.Theylikedcamping，butnotnearthisswamp.“So，”Martinaskedastheysatwatchingthehotcoals.“Howdidthisplacegetitsname？”“Areyousureyouwanttohearit?It'sascarystory，”warnedJack.“Ofcourse！”criedoutTom.“Iftherewereanythingtobescaredof，youwouldn'thavechosenthisplace！”“OK，butdon'tsayIdidn'twarnyou，”saidJack，andhebeganthistale.“Waybackintime，amancalledDennistriedtostartafarmhere.Hebuiltthatcottageovertheretolivein.Inthosedays，thearealookedquitedifferent—itwascoveredwithtalltreesandtheswampwasacrystal-clearriver.Afterthreehardyears，Dennishadclearedseveralfieldsandplantedcrops.Hewassoproudofhissuccessthatherefusedtolistentoadvice.”“‘Youareclearingtoomuchland，'warnedoneoldman.‘Thelandisalivingthing.Itwillhitbackatyouifyouabuseit.'”“‘Sillyfool，'saidDennistohimself.‘IfIclearmoreland，Icangrowmorecrops.I'llbecomewealthier.He'sjustjealous！'”“Denniscontinuedtochopdowntrees.Smallanimalsthatreliedonthemforfoodandshelterweredestroyed.Hewassoeagertoexpandhisfarmthathedidnotnoticetheriverflowingslowlytowardshisdoor.Hedidnotnoticesaltseepingtothesurfaceoftheland.Hedidnotnoticeswampplantschokingallthenativeplants.”“Whathappened？”Martinasked.Itwasgrowingcolder.Hetrembled，twistinghisbodyclosertothefire.“Thelandhitback—justastheoldmanwarned，”Jackshrugged.“Dennisdisappeared.Oldfolksaroundherebelievethatswampplantsmovedupfromtheriveranddraggedhimunderwater.Hisbodywasneverfound.”“Whatastupidstory，”laughedTom.“Plantscan't...”Beforehehadfinishedspeaking，hescreamedandfainted(暈倒)．Theothertwoboysjumpedupwithfright，staringatTom.Suddenly，theyburstoutlaughing.Somegreenswampivy(常春藤)hadcoveredTom'sface.ItwasawhilebeforeTomcouldappreciatethejoke.1．Theunderlinedword“dare”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto.A．courage B．a(chǎn)ssistanceC．instruction D．challenge解析詞義猜測題。通過對上下文的理解可知，他們接受了Jack的挑戰(zhàn)，而來到這片沼澤地。答案D2．WhydidJacktellTomandMartinthestory?A．Tofrightenthem.B．Tosatisfytheircuriosity.C．Towarnthemofthedangeroftheplace.D．Topersuadethemtocampintheswamp.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二、四段可知，Martin和Tom對沼澤地名字的由來感到很好奇。答案B3．WhydidDennisignorethewarningoftheoldman?A．Theoldmanenviedhim.B．Theoldmanwasfoolish.C．Hewastoobusytolistentoothers.D．Hewasgreedyformorecrops.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“IfIclearmoreland，Icangrowmorecrops.I'llbecomewealthier.He'sjustjealous！”可知，Dennis認(rèn)為，開墾更多的土地，就能種植更多的莊稼，他就會變得更加富有。因此，D項(xiàng)正確。答案D4．WhydidTomscreamandfaint?A．HesawDennis'sshadow.B．Hewasscaredbyaplant.C．Hisfriendsplayedajokeonhim.D．Theweatherbecameextremelycold.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Somegreenswampivy(常春藤)hadcoveredTom'sface.”可知B項(xiàng)正確。答案B5．WhatlessoncanwelearnfromthestoryofDennis?A．Graspall，loseall.B．Nosweat，nosweet.C．Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.D．Hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothing.解析推理判斷題。從Dennis的故事中，我們得到的教訓(xùn)是：貪多必失。答案APassage2(·山東，D)Sparrowisafast-foodchainwith200restaurants.Someyearsago，thegrouptowhichSparrowbelongedwastakenoverbyanothercompany.AlthoughSparrowshowednosignofdeclining，thechainwasgenerallyinanunhealthystate.Withmoreandmorefast-foodconceptsreachingthemarket，theSparrowmenuhadtostruggleforattention.Andtomakemattersworse，itsnewownerhadnoplanstogiveitthefundsitrequired.SparrowfailedtogrowforanothertwoyearsuntilanewCEO，CarlPearson，decidedtobuildupitsmarketshare.Hedidasurvey，whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain，whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem.Sparrowhadtodevelopanewpromotionalcampaign.PearsonfacedabattleoverthefutureoftheSparrowbrand.Thechain'sownernowfavoredrebrandingSparrowasMarcy'srestaurants.Pearsonresisted，arguingforanadvertisingcampaigndesignedtoconvincecustomersthatvisitstoSparrowrestaurantswerefun.Suchanattempttoestablishapositiverelationshipbetweenacompanyandthegeneralpublicwasunusualforthattime.Pearsonstronglybelievedthatnumberswerethekeytosuccess，ratherthancustomers'spendingpower.Finally，theowneracceptedhisidea.Thecampaignitselfchangedthetraditionaladvertisingstyleofthefast-foodindustry.TheTVadsofSparrowfocusedonentertainmentandfeaturedoriginalsongsperformedbyavarietyofstars.Insteadofshowingthesuperiorityofaspecificproduct，theintentionwastoputSparrowintheheartsofpotentialcustomers.PearsonalsomadeotherdecisionswhichhebelievedwouldcontributetothenewSparrowimage.Forexample，heofferedtolowertherentofanyrestaurantswhichachievedacertainincreaseintheirturnover.(營業(yè)額)Theseeffortspaidoff，andSparrowsoonbecameoneofthemostsuccessfulfast-foodchainsintheregionswhereitoperated.【語篇解讀】本文講述了一個快餐公司在瀕臨倒閉的情況下，在CarlPearson的帶領(lǐng)下重新煥發(fā)生機(jī)的故事。6．WhichwasoneoftheproblemsSparrowfacedbeforePearsonbecameCEO?A．Thenumberofitscustomerswasdeclining.B．Itscustomersfoundthefoodunhealthy.C．Itwasinneedoffinancialsupport.D．Mostofitsrestaurantswereclosed.解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文“Andtomakemattersworse，itsnewownerhadnoplanstogiveitthefundsitrequired.”可知，公司急需的是資金，故C項(xiàng)正確。答案C7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2referto?A．CustomersofSparrowrestaurants.B．Sparrowrestaurants.C．Customersofotherfast-foodchains.D．Otherfast-foodchains.解析猜測詞義題。根據(jù)原文“Hedidasurvey,whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain,whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem...”可知，其他連鎖店的顧客不愿離開他們的連鎖店，此處，turnawayfrom表示“從……處走開”，所以from之后應(yīng)該表示主語的原始位置，故選D項(xiàng)。答案D8．ForwhatpurposedidPearsonstarttheadvertisingcampaign?A．Tobuildagoodrelationshipwiththepublic.B．TostresstheunusualtraditionofSparrow.C．Tolearnaboutcustomers'spendingpower.D．TomeetthechallengefromMarcy'srestaurants.解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文“...Suchanattempttoestablishapositiverelationshipbetweenacompanyandthegeneralpublicwasunusualforthattime....”可以得知“……公司想建立跟大眾的友好關(guān)系?！惫收_答案A。答案A9．TheTVadsofSparrow.A．changedpeople'sviewsonpopstarsB．a(chǎn)musedthepublicwithoriginalsongsC．focusedonthesuperiorityofitsproductsD．influencedtheeatinghabitsoftheaudience解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第四段，“Insteadofshowingthesuperiorityofaspecificproduct”，“TheTVadsofSparrowfocusedonentertainmentandfeaturedoriginalsongsperformedbyavarietyofstars.”所以得出正確答案B；A和D選項(xiàng)未涉及。答案B10．WhatwasPearson'sachievementasaCEO?A．HemanagedtopayoffSparrow'sdebts.B．HemadeSparrowmuchmorecompetitive.C．HehelpedSparrowtakeoveracompany.D．HeimprovedthewelfareofSparrowemployees.解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)原文最后一段，“theireffortspaidoff”意為“他們的努力得到了回報”，Sparrow不久成為該地區(qū)最成功的快餐店之一。所以正確答案是B;C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)未涉及。答案BPassage3(·天津，D)Youaregivenmanyopportunitiesinlifetochoosetobeavictimoracreator.Whenyouchoosetobeavictim，theworldisacoldanddifficultplace.“They”didthingstoyouwhichcausedallofyourpainandsuffering.“They”arewrongandbad，andlifeisterribleaslongas“they”arearound.Oryoumayblameyourselfforallyourproblems，thusinternalizing(內(nèi)化)yourvictimization.Thetruthis，yourlifeislikelytostaythatwayaslongasyoufeelaneedtoblameyourselforothers.Thosewhochoosetobecreatorslookatlifequitedifferently.Theyknowthereareindividualswhomightliketocontroltheirlives，buttheydon'tletthisgetintheway.Theyknowtheyhavetheirweaknesses，yettheydon'tblamethemselveswhentheyfail.Whateverhappens，theyhavechoiceinthematter.Theybelievetheirdancewitheachsacred(神圣的)momentoflifeisagiftandthatstormsareanaturalpartoflifewhichcanbringtherainneededforemotionalandspiritualgrowth.Victimsandcreatorsliveinthesamephysicalworldanddealwithmanyofthesamephysicalrealities，yettheirexperienceoflifeisworldsapart.Victimsrelish(沉溺)inanger，guilt，andotheremotionsthatcauseothers—andeventhemselves—tofeellikevictims，too.Creatorsconsciouslychooselove，inspiration，andotherqualitieswhichinspirenotonlythemselves，butallaroundthem.Bothvictimsandcreatorsalwayshavechoicetodeterminethedirectionoftheirlives.Inreality，allofusplaythevictimorthecreatoratvariouspointsinourlives.Oneperson，onlosingajoboraspecialrelationship，mayfeelasifitistheendoftheworldandsinkintoterriblesufferingformonths，years，orevenalifetime.Anotherwiththesameexperiencemaychoosetofirstexperiencethegrief，thenacceptthelossandsoonmoveontobeapowerfulcreativeforceinhislife.Ineverymomentandeverycircumstance，youcanchoosetohaveafuller，richerlifebysettingaclearintentiontotransformthevictimwithin，andbyinvitingintoyourlifethepowerfulcreatorthatyouare.【語篇解讀】本文為議論文，題材為社會文化類。生活不是一帆風(fēng)順的，你會無數(shù)次地面對究竟做生活的犧牲品還是創(chuàng)造者的抉擇。生活的犧牲者沉溺于憤怒、愧疚之中，而生活的創(chuàng)造者會選擇截然不同的生活態(tài)度。11．Whatdoestheword“they”inParagraph1probablyreferto?A．Peopleandthingsaroundyou.B．Opportunitiesandproblems.C．Creatorsandtheirchoices.D．Victimsandtheirsufferings.解析猜測詞義題。根據(jù)第一段第三句中．..didthings及第四句的arewrongandbad可知此處they意為：周圍的人和事。答案A12．AccordingtoParagraph2，creators.A．seemwillingtoexperiencefailuresinlifeB．possesstheabilitytopredictfuturelifeC．handleupsanddownsoflifewiselyD．havepotentialtocreatesomethingnew解析推理判斷題。本段告訴我們：生活的創(chuàng)造者承認(rèn)自己的弱點(diǎn)，但當(dāng)失敗的時候他們不會責(zé)備自己；暴風(fēng)雨是成長歷程中的重要部分。由此可知，生活的創(chuàng)造者能夠明智地解決生活中的盛衰沉浮。答案C13．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A．Creatorsandvictimsfacequitedifferentthingsinlife.B．Creatorsandvictimsaremastersoftheirlives.C．Victimscaninfluencemorepeoplethancreators.D．Comparedwithvictims，creatorsaremoreemotional.解析推理判斷題。第三段告訴我們：生活的犧牲品和生活的創(chuàng)造者面對同樣的境況時，他們會有截然不同的態(tài)度及做法，所以選B：他們是自己生活的主人。答案B14．TheexamplesmentionedinParagraph4showthat.A．strongattachmenttosufferingsinlifepullspeopleintovictimsB．peopleneedfamilysupporttodealwithchallengesinlifeC．ittakescreatorsquitealongtimetogetridoftheirpainsD．one'sexperiencesdeterminehisattitudetowardlife解析推理判斷題。通過講述面對失去工作或一種特殊關(guān)系時，一些人的態(tài)度和做法，告訴我們：沉湎于生活中的不幸能使一些人成為犧牲品，所以A項(xiàng)正確。答案A15．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Todefinevictimsandcreators.B．Toevaluatevictimsagainstcreators.C．Toexplaintherelationshipbetweenvictimsandcreators.D．Tosuggestthetransformationfromvictimstocreators.解析主旨大意題。全文講述了生活的創(chuàng)造者和生活的犧牲品對待生活的不同態(tài)度及做法，并告訴我們：生活的自主選擇權(quán)就在我們手中，做出不同的選擇就會過不同的生活。答案DPassage4(·江西，C)BigBrothersBigSistersisbasedonthesimplicityandpoweroffriendship.Itisaprogramwhichprovidesfriendshipandfunbymatchingvulnerableyoungpeople(ages7－17)withavolunteeradultwhocanbebotharolemodelandasupportivefriend.Volunteertutorscomefromallwalksoflife—married，single，withorwithoutchildren.BigBrothersandBigSistersarenotreplacementparentsorsocialworkers.Theyaretutors：someonetotrust，tohavefunwith，totalkandgotowhenneeded.ABigSisterandLittleSisterwillgenerallyspendbetweenoneandfourhourstogetherthreeorfourtimeseachmonthforatleasttwelvemonths.Theyenjoysimpleactivitiessuchasapicnicatapark，cooking，playingsportorgoingtoafootballmatch.Theseactivitiesimprovethefriendshipandhelptheyoungpersondeveloppositiveself-respect，confidenceandlifedirection.BigBrothersBigSistersorganizationsexistthroughouttheworld.Itisthelargestandmostwell-knownprovideroftutorservicesinternationallyandhasbeenoperatingfor25years.EmilyandSarahhavebeenmatchedsinceMarch.Emilyisa10-year-oldgirlwhohasexperiencedsomedifficultiesbeingacceptedbyherschoolmatesatschool.“Iwasprettysuretherewassomethingwrongwithme.”Emily'smumcameacrossBigBrothersBigSistersandthoughtitwouldbeofbenefittoEmilyby“providingdifferentfeedback(反饋)aboutherselfotherthanjustrelyingonschoolmatestomeasureherself-worth.”Sarahwantedtogetinvolvedinavolunteerprogram.“Igoogleditandfoundouthowtobeapartofit.Ithoughtitwouldbefunformetogetinvolvedinmakingtimetodosomethingbecausesometimesit'sallworkandnoplay.”BigBrothersBigSistershasbeenofgreatbenefitandenjoymenttobothEmilyandSarah.TheyloveandlookforwardtotheirtimetogetherandthepartnershiphascertainlyhelpedEmilybemorecomfortableinbeingthewonderful，happyanduniquegirlsheis!【語篇解讀】本文為說明文，屬于社會生活類。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)針對青少年心理問題而開展的志愿者活動。16．WhatistheaimofBigBrothersB