新教材適用2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit2MoralsandVirtuesSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures學(xué)案新人教版必修第三冊(cè)

SectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructuresGrammar——?jiǎng)釉~-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語語法導(dǎo)圖語法講練一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，與賓語之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即賓語是其邏輯上的主語。它主要用于以下兩類動(dòng)詞(詞組)后及with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中作賓語補(bǔ)足語。1．表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(詞組)，如see,hear,feel,smell,watch,find,listento,lookat,notice,observe等D典例呈現(xiàn)①Whenwereturned,wefoundastrangerstandinginfrontofthehouse.我們回來的時(shí)候，發(fā)覺一個(gè)生疏人站在房子前。②Suddenlyweheardsomeoneknockinggentlyonthewindow.突然我們聽見有人在輕輕地敲窗戶。M名師點(diǎn)津see,hear,feel,watch等感官動(dòng)詞后＋動(dòng)詞-ing表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行＋省略to的不定式表示動(dòng)作經(jīng)過從起先到結(jié)束的全過程①Isawaboygettingonthebus.(表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)我望見一個(gè)男孩正在上公共汽車。②Isawaboygetonthebus.(表示動(dòng)作完成了)我望見一個(gè)男孩上了公共汽車。2．表示指使意義的使役動(dòng)詞，常見的有：have,let,keep,get,leave等D典例呈現(xiàn)①Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.我們讓火整夜燃燒著。②Iwon'thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。3．用于with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中D典例呈現(xiàn)①Icouldn'tdomyhomeworkwiththenoisegoingon.由于噪音不斷，我沒法做家庭作業(yè)。②Withsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.這么多人看著她，她感到很驚慌。J即學(xué)即練1句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Astimepassesby,wewillhaveabetterandbetterlife.→Withtimepassingby,wewillhaveabetterandbetterlife.②Isawthattheywerecomingacrossthestreet.→Isawthemcomingacrossthestreet.③Istoodonthebridgeandwatchedboatswerepassingby.→Istoodonthebridgeandwatchedboatspassingby.④Ifeltthatsomeonewaspattingmeontheshoulder.→Ifeltsomeonepattingmeontheshoulder.⑤IheardthatMarysangasonginthenextroomlastnight.→IheardMarysingasonginthenextroomlastnight.二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞可作狀語，表示緣由、時(shí)間、方式、伴隨狀況、結(jié)果或條件等，其邏輯主語是句子的主語，二者之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。D典例呈現(xiàn)①Hearingthenews,allthestudentsjumpedwithjoy.＝Whenthestudentsheardthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.聽到這個(gè)消息，全部的學(xué)生都興奮地跳了起來。②Workinghard,youwillsucceed.＝Aslongasyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.努力工作，你會(huì)勝利的。1．作緣由狀語，相當(dāng)于緣由狀語從句D典例呈現(xiàn)①Beingpoor,Tomcouldn'taffordacomputer.＝Ashewaspoor,Tomcouldn'taffordacomputer.因?yàn)楦F，湯姆買不起電腦。②Notknowingheraddress,Ihadbettertelephonehertocomeover.＝AsIdon'tknowheraddress,Ihadbettertelephonehertocomeover.由于不知道她的地址，我還是打電話讓她過來為好。2．作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語從句，有時(shí)可以在動(dòng)詞-ing形式前加一個(gè)表時(shí)間的連詞，如when,while等D典例呈現(xiàn)①Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforShanghai.＝Whentheyheardthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforShanghai.聽到這個(gè)消息，他們馬上動(dòng)身去上海。②Hearingthenews,Tomcouldn'thelplaughing.＝Whenheheardthenews,Tomcouldn'thelplaughing.一聽到那個(gè)消息，湯姆禁不住大笑起來。3．作方式狀語，相當(dāng)于and連接的并列句D典例呈現(xiàn)①Johncamerunningalltheway.＝Johncameandheranalltheway.約翰一路跑著來的。②Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.＝Hestoodandheleanedagainstthewall.他斜靠著墻站著。4．作伴隨狀語，相當(dāng)于and連接的并列謂語。D典例呈現(xiàn)①Hewalkeddowntheriver,singingsoftlytohimself.＝Hewalkeddowntheriverandsangsoftlytohimself.他沿著河流一邊走，一邊輕輕地唱。②Morrislayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.＝Morrislayonthegrassandstaredattheskyforalongtime.莫里斯躺在草地上，長時(shí)間地望著天空。5．作結(jié)果狀語D典例呈現(xiàn)①Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.＝Thechildslippedandfell,andhithisheadagainstthedoor.那個(gè)男孩滑了一跤，摔倒了，頭撞到了門上。②Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.＝Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries；asaresult,itbecomesthemostpopularsportintheworld.歐式足球運(yùn)動(dòng)在80多個(gè)國家開展，這使它成為世界上最受歡迎的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。M名師點(diǎn)津(1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語，是隨著謂語動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果，其邏輯主語往往是前面整個(gè)句子所描述的狀況，前面有時(shí)候可以加thus。而不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，有時(shí)前面可以加only。試比較：①Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold.被雨淋后他感冒了。②Ihurriedtoschool,onlytofinditwasSunday.我匆忙趕到學(xué)校，結(jié)果發(fā)覺是星期天。(2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于與之對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語從句，但是當(dāng)作伴隨狀語及結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，可轉(zhuǎn)化為并列謂語。6．作條件狀語D典例呈現(xiàn)①Goingstraightdowntheroad,youwillfindthedepartmentstore.＝Ifyougostraightdowntheroad,youwillfindthedepartmentstore.順著這條路始終走，你就會(huì)發(fā)覺那家百貨商店。②Practicingthepronunciationeveryday,you'llsurelysucceed.＝Ifyoupracticethepronunciationeveryday,you'llsurelysucceed.假如每天練習(xí)發(fā)音，你就肯定會(huì)勝利。7．作讓步狀語D典例呈現(xiàn)①Beingtired,theywentonworking.＝Althoughtheyweretired,theywentonworking.盡管很累了，可他們?nèi)栽诮又ぷ鳌＂贖avingbeentoldmanytimes,hestilldidn'tlearntheserulesbyheart.＝Althoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes,hestilldidn'tlearntheserulesbyheart.盡管被告知了許多次，他還是沒把這些規(guī)定記住。J即學(xué)即練2句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Itrainedheavilyanditcausedgreatdamage.→Itrainedheavily,causinggreatdamage.②Afterhehadeatenhisdinner,theboyrushedout.→Havingeatenhisdinner,theboyrushedout.③Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse,andcutthebranches.→Theboysatinfrontofthefarmhouse,cuttingthebranches.④AsIdidnotknowhowtogetthere,Ihadtoasktheway.→Notknowinghowtogetthere,Ihadtoasktheway.單句語法填空⑤Havingworked(work)forthreehours,hetookarest.⑥Tomcamedashing(dash)intotheroomwithsomefilmticketsinhishand.⑦Havingspent(spend)allhismoney,theboyhadtogivehismotheracall.⑧Seeing(see)nobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote.⑨Havingbeentold(tell)manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語時(shí)留意事項(xiàng)1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語時(shí)，要留意其時(shí)間性，是用一般式(doing)，還是用完成式(havingdone)。(1)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用一般式。(2)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，而謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作后發(fā)生時(shí)，用完成式。D典例呈現(xiàn)①Walkinginthestreet,Imetanoldfriendofmine.(walking和謂語動(dòng)詞met同時(shí)發(fā)生)我正在大街上行走時(shí)，遇到了一位老摯友。②Havingfinishedtheletter,hewenttopostit.(havingfinished是先發(fā)生的，went是后發(fā)生的)他寫完信后就把它寄了出去。2．動(dòng)詞-ing形式的語態(tài)運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式，主要取決于動(dòng)詞-ing形式和句子主語之間的關(guān)系。句子的主語就是動(dòng)詞-ing形式的邏輯主語。D典例呈現(xiàn)①Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory,theywereveryhappy.(現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式)被領(lǐng)著參觀了工廠后，他們很興奮。②Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.(現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)式)完成了作業(yè)后，他上床睡覺。3．動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定式動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定式為not＋v.-ing、not＋havingv．-edD典例呈現(xiàn)①Notknowingthis,hedidn'tcome.他不知道這件事，所以沒來。②Nothavingmadefullpreparations,weputoffthesportsmeeting.因?yàn)闆]有做好充分的打算，我們把運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)延期了。4．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作評(píng)論性狀語有些動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句中沒有邏輯主語，它們往往作為句子的評(píng)論性狀語來修飾整個(gè)句子，表明說話者的看法、觀點(diǎn)等。例如：generallyspeaking“一般來說”，judgingby/from...“從……推斷”，takingeverythingintoconsideration“從全盤考慮”。D典例呈現(xiàn)Judgingfromhisbehaviour,hemustbemad.從他的行為來推斷，他肯定是瘋了。5．獨(dú)立主格動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語，有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，通常用來表示伴隨的動(dòng)作或狀況，也可以表示時(shí)間、緣由或條件。D典例呈現(xiàn)①Therainhavingstopped,wewentonmarching.雨過之后，我們接著前進(jìn)。②Thenewyearcoming,wewerehappy.新年來了，我們很興奮。⑥Theregulationpermitting,Iwillgowithyou.制度允許的話，我就和你去。J即學(xué)即練3單句語法填空①Judging(judge)fromhisaccent,hemustbefromthesouth.②Thelecturehavingbeengiven(give),alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.③Theweatherbeing(be)hot,wehadtostayathome.④Taking(take)everythingintoconsideration,theresultisbetterthanexpected.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ卷)NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteamerisrarelyenough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleftwanting(want)morenexttime.2．IwasbusywithmyhomeworksoIdidn'tnoticehimleaving(leave)．3．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.4．Gathering(gather)aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.5．Hurryup！Youshouldn'tkeepyourfriendswaiting(wait)forsuchalongtime.6．Thecoolwindsw