英語語法-教學(xué)大綱

《英語語法》課程教學(xué)大綱

一、課程基本情況

課程中文名稱：英語語法

課程英文名稱：EnglishGrammar

課程類別：專業(yè)選修課

課程性質(zhì)：語言學(xué)模塊

課程代碼：ENGL1122

總學(xué)分數(shù)：2

總學(xué)時數(shù)：28其中理論學(xué)時數(shù)：28實踐（實驗）學(xué)時數(shù)：0

適用對象：英語專業(yè)2018級大一學(xué)生

先修課程：無

開課學(xué)期：2018-2019學(xué)年第一學(xué)期

開課單位：英文學(xué)院

二、課程教學(xué)目的

英語語法課旨在通過該課程的學(xué)習(xí)，幫助學(xué)生重點掌握英語語法的核心項目，提高學(xué)生

在上下文中恰當(dāng)運用英語語法的能力和運用英語的準確性，使學(xué)生對英語語法有一個比較系

統(tǒng)的了解并能借助英語語法知識解決英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中的有關(guān)問題。學(xué)生有計劃地閱讀英語語

法教材，探討英語語言的結(jié)構(gòu)，通過各種練習(xí)，牢固地掌握英語語法，提高運用英語的能力

及自學(xué)語法的能力。

三、先修課的要求

無

四、課程教學(xué)內(nèi)容、要求及重點、難點

第一章導(dǎo)入

（一）主要內(nèi)容：本課簡述語法是什么，介紹學(xué)習(xí)英語語法的目的。同時通過介紹英

語語言的歷史變化來解釋語法的復(fù)雜性。本課還將介紹該課程在本學(xué)期的安排及各周的學(xué)習(xí)

內(nèi)容。

（-）教學(xué)要求：

通過本課教師將帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生思考以下內(nèi)容：

i）語法并非簡單的、一以貫之的語言規(guī)律

ii）語法與語義是一體的而不是分裂的

iii）語法的復(fù)雜性源于人類的表意需要，并歸根于語言的歷史變化

（三）重點和難點

學(xué)習(xí)語法的目的是學(xué)習(xí)語言，即怎樣通過不同的語法形式準確表達意義。因此，學(xué)習(xí)語

法的根本目的是交流，而非學(xué)習(xí)一套形式的框架。

學(xué)習(xí)語法必須在具體語境中完成，脫離語境的語法沒有意義。

其他包括：

IWhatisStandardEnglish?

2DistinguishDescriptiveandprescriptiveapproachestogrammar

第二章ArapidoverviewofEnglishgrammaticalstructures

（—）主要內(nèi)容：

Theprimarytopicofthisbookisthewaywordscombinetoformsentencesin

Stan-dardEnglish.Sentencesaremadeupfromwordsinregularways,anditis

possibletodescribetheregularitiesinvolvedbygivinggeneralstatementsorrules

thatholdforallthesentencesinthelanguage.ToexplaintherulesforEnglish

wewillneedanumberoftechnicalterms.Thepurposeofthischapteristointroduce

mostofthose(oratleastthemostimportantones).

(二)教學(xué)要求和重點難點

1Twokindsofsentence:

CLAUSALSENTENCES:(havingtheformofaclause)

COMPOUNDSENTENCES:(havingtheformofacoordinationofclauses)

2Clause

Themostbasickindofclauseconsistsofasubjectfollowedbyapredicate.

nounphrases-phraseswithanounastheirhead

verbphrases,phraseswithaverbashead

headanddependents:Theheadofaphraseis,roughly,themostimportantelement

inthephrase,theonethatdefineswhatsortofphraseitis.Theotherelements

aredependents.

3Subjectandpredicate

Basicclausescanbeanalysedasaconstructionconsistingofsubject

pluspredicate;

Thepredicatetypicallydescribesapropertyofthepersonorthingreferred

tobythesubject,ordescribesasituationinwhichthispersonorthingplayssome

role.

thesubjectnormallyindicatestheactor,thepersonorthingperformingthe

action,whilethepredicatedescribestheaction.

Theinterrogativeclause:atypeofclausecharacteristicallyusedtoask

questions.

4Twotheoreticaldistinctions

4.1.(grammatical)functionvs.category

Subjectisafunction,whileNPisacategory.Functionisarelationalconcept

whereascategoryisaclassofexpressionswhicharegrammaticallyalike.

Asinglefunctionmaybefilledbyexpressionsbelongingtodifferentcategories,

andexpressionsbelongingtoasinglecategorymayoccurindifferentfunctions.

4.2.wordsandlexemes

words:differentwordforms,hencecatandcatsaretwowords.

lexemes:theunderlyingformofvariousinflectionalforms.Hencecatandcats

haveonelexeme.

5Wordandlexemecategories:thepartsofspeech

5.1.nouns

(a)meaning:physicalobjects

(b)inflection:contrastbetweensingularvs.plural

(c)function:headofNPs,avariety,suchasthesubject

5.2.verbs

(a)meaning:chiefdeterminantofasituation

(b)inflection:pastvs.present

(c)function:headofVP,predicate

(d)subclasses:auxiliaryverbsvs.lexicalverbs

5.3.adjectives

(a)meaning:properties

(b)function:attributivevs.predicative

(c)gradabilityandinflection:theinflectionalsystemisthegradesystem

5.4.determinatives

(a)meaning:definiteness

(b)function:asdeterminer

5.5adverbs

function:modifiersofverbs

5.6preposition

(a)meaning:relationinspaceandintime

(b)function:prepositionalphrasefunctionasdependentsonotherphrases

5.7,;5.8.Coordinatorsandsubordinators

(a)coordinator:and

(b)subordinator:distinguishmainclauseandsubordinateclause

5.8.prototype

prototypical:thecentralorcoremembersofacategorythatdohavethefull

set.ofdistinctiveproperties.

6Thestructureofphrases

phrase=head+dependents

6.1.complementsvs.modifiers:theformerisobligatory(onlyintheclearest

cases)

6.2.objectvs.predicativecomplement

6.3.thedeterminer,thegenitiveNP,determinatives

7Canonicalandnon-canonicalclauses

Canonicalclausesconsistofasubjectfollowedbyapredicate

Non-canonicalclausescontrastwithcanonicalonesononeormoreofthe

dimensionsin§§7.1-7.5.

Ex.1,2,3,4,5

第三章Verbs,tense,aspect,andmood

(一)主要內(nèi)容：

動詞的分類；動詞的時、體、態(tài)、式概說

(二)教學(xué)要求和重點難點：

教師帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生認識動詞的分類，要求學(xué)生掌握主動詞及助動詞的區(qū)別；及物動詞、不及物動

詞及聯(lián)系動詞的區(qū)別，動態(tài)動詞及靜態(tài)動詞區(qū)別；

分別單詞動詞及動詞詞組；限定動詞和非限定動詞；規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動詞；

基本的時、體、態(tài)、式的基本分類方式。

IVerbinflection

1.1.Theverbparadigm

Verbsarevariablelexemes.Thatis,theyhaveanumberofdifferentinflectional

forms;

Thesetofinflectionalformsofavariablelexeme(togetherwiththeirgrammatical

labels)iscalleditsparadigm

primaryformsshowinflectionaldistinctionsoftense(preteritevspresent)and

canoccurasthesoleverbinacanonicalclause.

Secondaryformshavenotenseinflectionandcannotoccurastheheadofacanonical

clause.

1.2Verb-formsandshapesharing

(a)Shapesharingbetweenpreteriteandpastparticiple

(b)Shapesharingbetweenplainpresentandplainform

2Finiteandnon-finiteclauses

Clausesmaybeeitherfiniteornon-finite.Finiteclausesmaybeeithermainor

subordinate;non-finiteclausesarealwayssubordinate.

3Auxiliaryverbs

divisionwithinthecategoryofverbsbetweenroughlyadozenauxiliaryverbsand

alltherest,whichwecalllexicalverbs.

modalauxiliariesvs.non-modalauxiliaries

3.1Distinctivepropertiesofauxiliaryverbs

(a)Subject-auxi1iaryinversion

wherethenegationisassociatedwithaprimaryverb-form,ispermittedwith

auxiliaryverbs,butnotwithlexicalverbs;

auxiliarieshavenegativeinflectionalforms.Theyallendinnt,andarefound

inthepreteriteandpresenttense

(b)negation

3.2modalauxiliary

3.3.verbswithdualmembership

3.4.thecategoriesmarkedbyauxiliaries

4Perfectiveandimperfectiveinterpretations

Whenaclausedescribesasituationinawaythatconsidersitasawhole,inits

totality,withoutreferencetoanyinternaltemporalstructureorsubdivisionit

mighthave,wesaythattheclausehasaperfectiveinterpretation.

Whenaclausedescribesasituationinawaythatmakesreferencetoitsinternal

temporalstructureorsubdivisions,wesaythattheclausehasanimperfective

interpretation.

5Primarytense：preteritevs.presenttense

6Theperfect:apasttensethatismarkedbymeansofanauxiliaryverb

ratherthanbyinflection,likethepreterite.

6.1.Thepresentperfect

6.2.Thepreteriteperfect

6.3.Theperfectinclauseswithoutprimarytense

6.4.Thecontinuativeperfect

7Progressiveaspect

8Mood

8.1.familiesofmeaningsthatthemodalauxiliariesexpress:epistemic,deontic

anddynamic

8.2.Futurity,modality,andwill

8.3.Thepreteritefonnsofthemodals

8.4.Irrealiswere

Toappreciatethebasis（i.e.,formal,semanticordiscursive）forclassifyingverbs

ToappreciatethemajordifferencesinTAMVbetweenEnglishandChinese.

第四章、Clausestructure,complements,andadjuncts

（一）主要內(nèi)容：

Weinvestigatethestructureofcanonicalclauses,thesyntacticallymostelementary

typeofclause.Variouskindsofnon-canonicalclausewillbeintroducedfromtime

totime,butsolelyforthepurposeofilluminatingthestructureofcanonical

clauses.Veryoftenthebestevidenceforanalysingoneconstructionisprovided

byacomparisonbetweenitandadifferentbutrelatedconstruction.

（二）重點和難點

1Introduction

Canonicalclauses:thesyntacticallymostelementarytypeofclause,havethe

potentialtostandaloneassentences.

Predicatesandpredicators

Atreediagramofclausestructure

Predicatorsselectkeycontentofclauses

Complementsandadjuncts

Thesubjectasakindofcomplement

2Thesubject

2.1DistinctivesyntacticpropertiesofthesubjectinEnglish

2.2Traditionalerrorsindefiningthesubject

3Theobject

3.1DistinctivesyntacticpropertiesoftheobjectinEnglish

3.2Directandindirectobjects

4Predicativecomplements

4.1syntacticdifferencesbetweenpredicativecomplementsandobjects

4.2subjectiveandobjectivepredicativecomplements

4.3Ascriptiveandspecifyingusesoftheverbbe

5Fivecanonicalclausestructures

Oridinaryintransitive

complex-intransitive

ordinarymonotransitive

complextransitive

ditransitive

6Adjuncts

6.1semantickindsofadjunct

6.2theformofadjuncts

6.3modifiersandsupplements

第七章Prepositionsandprepositionphrases

(—)主要內(nèi)容

Thepurposeofthischapteristoarmstudentswith:Thetraditionalclassof

prepositions;Extendingthemembershipoftheclass;Furthercategorycontrasts;

Grammaticisedusesofprepositions;Prepositionstranding;Thestructureof

PPs;complementsinclausestructure;Prepositionalidiomsandfossilisation.

掌握常用介詞的主要用法以及介詞與其他詞類的搭配，如：beinterestedin,bestrictwith

somebody,等。掌握并列單詞、短語、從句或句子的等立連詞以及引導(dǎo)名詞性從句和狀語從

句的從屬連詞的用法。如:等立連詞：notonly…butalso,either**,or,neither…nor,

end,or,but,for,however等。從屬連詞：after,as,when,although,aslongas,

asfaras,assoonas等。

(二)重點難點

1Thetraditionalclassofprepositions

2Extendingthemembershipoftheclass(introductiondifficult)

2.1Prepositionsvssubordinators

2.2prepositionsvsadverbs

3Furthercategorycontrasts

3.1prepositionsvsadjectives

3.2prepositionsvsverbs

4Grammaticisedusesofprepositions

5Prepositionstranding

6ThestructureofPPs

6.1Complements

6.2Modification

7ppcomplementsinclausestructure

7.1Goal,sourceandlocation

7.2Thecomplementsofprepositionalverbs

7.3Particles

7.4Verbalidioms

8Prepositionalidiomsandfossilisation

第八章、Negationandrelatedphenomena

(—)主要內(nèi)容：

INegativeandpositiveclauses

2Subclausalnegation

3Clausalnegation

4Non-affinnativeitems

5Scopeofnegation

(二)重點和難點：

INegativeandpositiveclauses

-positivepolarity

-negativepolarity

2Subclausalnegation

-subclausal

3Clausalnegation

3.1Verbalnegation

-dummyauxiliarydo

3.2Non-verbalclausalnegation

-not

-absolutenegators

-approximatenegators

4Non-affinnativeitems

-polarity-sensitive

-positive/negativeorientation

5Scopeofnegation

-scope

-hasscopeover

第九章、Clausetype:asking,exclaiming,anddirecting

(—)主要內(nèi)容：

1Clausetypeandspeechacts

2Interrogativesandquestions

3Exclamatives

4Imperativesanddirectives

5Minorclausetypes

(二)重點和難點：

1Clausetypeandspeechacts

-speechacts

-statements,questions,commands,exclamations

-clausetypes

-correspondencebetweenclausetypesandspeechacts

-clausetypevs.sentencetype

2Interrogativesandquestions

2.1Theformofclosedinterrogatives

2.2Polarquestionsandalternativequestions

2.3Interrogativetags

2.4Theformofopeninterrogatives

2.5Openquestionsandtheiranswers

2.6Informationquestionsanddirectionquestions

2.7Echoquestions

3Exclamatives

3.1Thestructureofexclamativeclauses

3.2Exclamativewhatandhow

4Imperativesanddirectives

4.1Theformofimperativeclauses

4.2Firstpersonimperatives

4.3Usesoftheimperative

4.4Non-imperativedirectives

5Minorclausetypes

補充章InvestigatingEnglishGrammarthroughcorpora

IwillpresentthreeexamplesofhowwecanusecorporaininvestigatingEnglish

grammar:

First,investigatingthechangeincomplementuseinAmericanEnglish;

Second,investigatingsemanticprosodyofintensifiers

Third,investigatingfeaturesofAmericanpresidentialspeechthroughcorpora.

五、課程教學(xué)方法與手段

教學(xué)主要采取課堂授課與課外練習(xí)兩種形式。課堂講授與討論、課外自學(xué)與輔導(dǎo)、理論

學(xué)習(xí)與實踐練習(xí)等相結(jié)合；課堂、多媒體和網(wǎng)絡(luò)相結(jié)合的立體化教學(xué)。在教學(xué)中必須結(jié)合學(xué)

生的實際情況，要按照大綱要求，刪繁就簡，講練結(jié)合，重點突出，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對語言結(jié)構(gòu)的

敏感性，從而發(fā)揮語法在語言運用中的指導(dǎo)性。本課程除了介紹英語語法的基本結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律外,

還強調(diào)理論聯(lián)系實際和情景聯(lián)系，配合足夠的□筆頭練習(xí)，加強語言的基本功訓(xùn)練。提高自

覺正確運用語法和掌握語法的意識和能力。精講多練，精選例句，力求提高趣味性，提高學(xué)

生興趣。

六、實踐環(huán)節(jié)及基本要求

無

七、各教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)學(xué)時分配表

飛學(xué)環(huán)

節(jié)\

課堂習(xí)題討論

實驗實踐設(shè)計其它小計

講授課課

教學(xué)時數(shù)

課程內(nèi)容

（一）Introductionto

22

EnglishGrammar

（二）Anoverviewof

EnglishGrammatical22

structures

（三）Anoverviewof

EnglishGrammatical22

structures

（四）Verbtense,22

aspectandmood

（五）Verbtense,

22

aspectandmood

（六）Interimsummary,

22

reviewandquiz

（-t）Clausestructure,

complementsand22

adjuncts

（7k）Clausestructure,

complementsand22

adjuncts

（九）Prepositionsand

22

prepositionalphrases

（十）Prepositionsand

2