遼寧省2024-2025高三英語下學(xué)期高考模擬調(diào)研卷1試題

遼寧省2024-2025高三上學(xué)期高考模擬試題英語(一)本試卷共8頁，滿分150分，考試用時120分鐘。留意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號、考場號和座位號填寫在答題紙上。將條形碼橫貼在答題紙“貼條形碼區(qū)”。2.作答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題紙上對應(yīng)題目選項的答案信息點涂黑;如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必需用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必需寫在答題紙各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)運用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4.考生必需保持答題紙的整齊。考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和答題紙一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題紙上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Wherearethespeakers?A.Athome.B.Inthestreet.C.Ontheplayground.2.Whatisthewoman?A.Areporter.B.Ateacher.C.Ahousekeeper.3.Whatdoesthemansayabouthishobby?A.Itisgoodforhishealth.B.Itcostshimtoomuchtime.C.Itfillshimwithenergy.4.Whatisthemandoing?A.Makingareservation.B.Talkingaboutcourses.C.Promotingafitnessprogram.5.Howdoesthewomanfindtheman’sbehavior?A.Awful.B.Beneficial.C.Strange.其次節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdomostoftheman’sfriendslike?A.Sports.B.Traveling.C.Reading.7.Whatdothewomanthinkofvolleyballcomparedwithbasketball?A.Rougher.B.Slower.C.Moreattractive.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whydoesthemanbuythetelephones?A.Toappealtochildrenathome.B.Toprepareforthenewterm.C.Toserveasbirthdaygifts.9.Howmuchdoesthemanpayfortheitemsintotal?A.$60.B.$100.C.$140.10.Wherewillthemanprobablygonext?A.Tohishome.B.Tothenextstore.C.Tohisrelative’shouse.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Findingajob.B.Rentingaflat.C.Buyingahouse.12.Whatisthestudents’majorproblemtorentaflat?A.Money.B.Location.C.Size.13.Whyisanadvertisementmade?A.Tomakeafriend.B.Topromotesales.C.Tofindahousemate.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Classmates.C.Interviewerandinterviewee.15.WhyaretheremanyKFCrestaurantsinChina?A.Thefoodischeapanddelicious.B.Itisconvenienttoconsume.C.Thediningenvironmentisattractive.16.Howdofriendsusuallyorderfoodintheserestaurants?A.Theyorderfoodindividually.B.Theyplaceanordertogether.C.Theyorderfoodforeachotherseparately.17.HowdoesKFCadjusttotheChinesecustomofsharingfood?A.Bypreparingpackagedfood.B.Byofferingfamilymealpackages.C.Byprovidingfoodofvarioustastes.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatcausesthepentobelessuseful?A.Thecreationofprinters.B.Theexistenceofcomputers.C.Thedeclineofpilesoffiles.19.Whyisthescreengraduallyreplacingpaper?A.Itcangivemorevividpictures.B.Itcanhelpsavenaturalresources.C.Itcanbecarriedaroundmoreeasily.20.Whatwillhappeninthenearfuture?A.Sciencedevelopmentwillgofast.B.Traditionaltoolswilldisappeargradually.C.Traditionaltoolswillco-existwithmodernones.其次部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AGlobalGapYearAbroadOnthisorganizedgroupgapyear,you’llgetthechancetovolunteerindifferentcountries.Seebelowformoredetailsaboutwhatyou’lldoineachcountry.PeruForthefirsttwoweeks,you’llhavedailySpanishlessons.Atthesametime,you’lljoincommunityeventstoteachandcarefordisadvantagedfamilies.Aftertwoweeks,visitthesplendidlostcityofMachuPicchu!Afterseveraldaysofhikingandexploringruins,youwillexperiencetheAmazonRainforest.EcuadorSupporttheGiantTortoiseandSeaLionConservationprojectherefor5days.TheGalapagosNationalParkgivesusaccesstothewildernessDarwinoncestudied.Theworkishands-on,withtheaddedbenefitoflearningfromexpertconservationists.Duringyourfinaltwoweeks,you’llhelplocalchildrenlearnthroughplayandteachEnglish.CambodiaDuringyourfirsttwoweeks,youcanchoosebetweenjoiningtheChildcareorMicrofinanceProjects.Bothsupportdisadvantagedcommunitiesinandaroundthecapitalcity,PhnomPenh.ThefollowingweekwillbespentinSiemReapvisitinghistoricandculturalsites.YourfinaltwoweekswillbebackinPhnomPenhwithPublicHealthProject.Learnbasichealthtechniquesandvisitdifferentareasofthecityeachday!NepalExploretemplesandmarkets,tastenewcuisine,anddiscoverauniqueculture.Youwillspend10daysatalocalschoolassistingwithclasses,andthen10dayssupportingourbuildingproject.Duringyourstay,youwillalsohaveaweekendtriptoChitwanNationalPark,whereyouwillexperienceanunforgettablesafariadventure!1.WhatdotheprogramsinPeruandCambodiahaveincommon?A.You’lllearnhealthtechniques.B.You’llpayavisittolocalforests.C.You’llteachlocalpeopleEnglish.D.You’llhelpdisadvantagedresidents.2.WhatcanyoudointheprograminEcuador?A.Supportalocalbuildingproject.B.Learnaboutwildlifeconservation.C.Exploreatotallydifferentculture.D.Hikeintheruinsofculturalsites.3.HowlongistheprograminNepal?A.5days. B.10days. C.14days. D.20days.BElevenyearsago,Ms.LiivandmovedtoMiami,Florida,whereshecontinuedswimmingintheocean.Inonetrainingsession,shenearlywoundupswallowing(吞)someplasticthatwasfloatinginthesea.Thatexperiencemadeherthinkofalltheseaanimalsfacingsimilarpollutioneveryday.Shedecidedshewantedtoworktomakepeoplemoreawareofplasticpollution.Shebeganswimmingwithaspecialsingleswimmingfinattachedtobothofherfeet.Thisrubbery“monofin”(單魚鰭)allowshertoswimbykickingbothofherlegstogether.“Swimmingwithoutusingmyarmsissimilartohowdolphinsswim,”saysMs.Liivand.Shebelievesthatswimmingwithamonofin“sendsabiggermessage”.Ms.Liivandfirstsettheworldrecordforswimmingwithamonofinin2024offthecoastofCalifornia.In2024,shebroketherecordagaininMiami,Florida.Ayearlater,shesetanewGuinnessWorldRecordagaininFlorida.Forthelastyear,Ms.Livandhasbeengettingupat4everyday,puttingonhermonofin,andgoingswimming.Tohelpimproveherstrength,shesometimesevenpulledotherpeopleinthewater.OnMay7,Ms.Liivandbroketherecordoncemore,thistimeswimmingthelengthofafullmarathon.Ittookher11hoursand54secondstoswim26.2miles.Thewaterwasrough,andsheranintoafewproblems,butshedidn’tstop.“Igothurtbyjellyfish,”shesaid,“Andkepttellingmyselfthatitwasnotthetimetocry.”Tokeepherenergyup,afriendfollowedherinakayak(皮艇)andgaveherfoodandwaterfromtimetotime.Alongtheway,Ms.Liivandpickedupallthetrashshefoundandputitinthekayak.Bytheendofhermarathon,thekayakheldthreebagsfulloftrash.4.WhatinspiredMs.Liivandtoswimwithamonofin?A.Herownexperience. B.Herlovefordolphins.C.Theincreasingwaterpollution. D.Thesightofpainfulseaanimals.5.WhichwordbestdescribesMs.Liivand?A.Generous. B.Determined. C.Intelligent. D.Tolerant.6.WhatcanweinferaboutMs.Liivandfromthetext?A.Sheintendedtobeatopswimmer.B.Shecommittedherselftoprotectingthesea.C.Shegotworldrecognitionforseaprotection.D.Sheprovedtobeanabsoluteperfectionist.7.WhatdidMs.LiivanddointheswimonMay7?A.Shegotsometreatment. B.Shehadabreakinthekayak.C.Shepulledothersinthewater. D.Shepickeduprubbishinthesea.CResearchershavediscoveredauniquegroupofpolarbearswho’vesurvivedintheabsenceofseaice:byhuntingfromtheicethatbreaksoffglaciers(冰川).ThebearsliveinsoutheastGreenlandandareagenetically(基因地)distinctsubpopulation,whichsuggeststhey’vebeenseparatedfromotherpolarbearsforaround200years,accordingtoapaperpublishedthisweekinScience.“Thefindingsshowushowsomepolarbearsmightsurviveunderclimatechange.butIdon’tthinkglacierhabitatisgoingtosupporthugenumbersofpolarbears,”saidKristinLaidre,apolarresearchscientistattheUniversityofWashington.“There’sjustnotenoughofit.WestillexpecttoseelargedeclinesinpolarbearsacrosstheArcticunderclimatechange.”Whentemporaryicesheetsformontheoceanduringeachfall’sfreeze,thebearswalkacrossitinsearchoffood,oftenbysittingnexttogapsintheiceandwaitingforsealstocomeupforair.Whentheicemelts(溶化)inspring,polarbearstypicallysurvivebetween100and180dayswithoutfooduntiltheiceformsagain.Astemperaturesrise,however,thatperiodisbecominglonger,whichisharmingthebearsandpushingthemtowardstarvation.ThebearslivinginsoutheastGreenlandgoevenlongerwithoutseaice—around250days.Butthey’vebeenabletocontinuebuntingduringthatperiodbyusinglargepiecesoficethatbreakofffromglaciersintothewater.Thereareroughly26,000polarbearsremainingacrosstheglobe.ThoughthesoutheastGreenlandbearshaveadaptedtosurvivingintheirsurroundings,risingtemperaturesmayultimatelycausetheirglacialicetoshrink,too.AsSteveArmstrup,ascientistwithPolarBearsInternationalsays,thestudy“isnotsomekindofeffectiverescueforpolarbears”.WhilethesoutheastGreenlandbearsareabletohuntthroughglacialicetoday,hesays,“Inthefuture,thatwillchangeunlesswearresttheriseofglobalgreenhousegases.”8.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewly-foundpolarbears?A.Theyexistinlargenumbers. B.Theyhavegeneticallychanged.C.Theydobetterinhuntingseals. D.Theysurvivelongerwithoutfood.9.WhatisSteveArmstrup’sadvice?A.Keepingglobalwarmingundercontrol.B.Movingmanypolarbearssouth.C.Preventingglacialicebreaking.D.Findingnewhabitatsforpolarbears.10.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.PolarBearsFindNewOpportunitiesB.PolarBearsSufferFromLackofIceC.PolarBearsSurviveinIcelessRegionsD.PolarBearsDeclineWithClimateChange11.Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanyoureadthistext?A.Lifestyle. B.Health. C.Travel. D.Environment.DMorethantwobillionpeopleworldwide,including340millionchildrensuffermicronutrientdeficiencies(缺乏).Butdiagnosing(診斷)themearlyforeffectivetreatmentrequiresexpensive,timeconsumingblooddrawsandlaboratorytests.Newresearchprovidesamoreefficientapproach.ComputerscientistElizabethBondiandhercolleaguesatHarvardUniversityusedpubliclyavailablesatellitedataandartificialintelligencetolocateareaswherepopulationsareathighriskofmicronutrientdeficiencies.Thisanalysiscouldpotentiallyhelppublichealthagenciestointerveneearly,thusbenefitingthelocalpeople.ExistingAIsystemscanusesatellitedatatopredictregionalfoodsecurityissues,buttheytypicallyrelyondirectlyobservablefeatures.YetBondiandhercolleagueshavefoundthatcombiningdatasuchasvegetationcover,weatherandwaterpresencecansuggestwherepopulationswilllackiron,vitaminB12orvitaminA.Theteamexaminedoriginalsatellitemeasurementsandconsultedwithlocalpublichealthofficials,thenusedAItoexaminethedataandpointoutkeyfeatures.Forinstance,afoodmarketbasedonroadsandbuildings,wasvitalforpredictingacommunity’srisklevel.Theresearchersthenlinkedthesefeaturestospecificmicronutrientdeficienciesinfourregions’populationsacrossMadagascar.Theyusedreal-worldbloodsamplestestedinlabstotrainandtesttheirAIprogram.Predictionsofregional-levelmicronutrientdeficiencyinpopulationsmet,andsometimeswentbeyond,theaccuracyofestimatesbasedonsurveysadministeredbylocalpublichealthofficials.“Ourworkshowsamethodthatallowsforidentificationandtargetingofpopulationsfornutritionalsupport.”Bondisays.“ThisisanovelcontributionthathighlightsAI’spotentialtoadvancepublichealth,”saysEmoryUniversityepidemiologistChristineEkenga,whowasnotinvolvedwiththestudy,“theauthorshaveprovedamethodthatcanovercomethesechallenges.”TheresearchersaimtodevelopanAppthatextendsthisanalysistoothercountriesthathavepublicsatellitedata.“Wehopethatthisapplicationcouldallowpublichealthofficialstointeractwiththeinsightsoursystemcanprovideandhelptoinforminvolvement.”Bondisays.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intervene”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Takeaction. B.Setexamples. C.Improveservice. D.Expressconcerns.13.WhatcontributeslargelytoBondi’sresearch?A.Positivelabtestresults. B.Thecutcostofsatellites.C.ThedatacollectedbyAI. D.WidespreadAIinspace.14.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thevalueoftheresearch. B.Theprocessoftheresearch.C.Theanalysisoftheresearch. D.Theobjectiveoftheresearch.15.Whatwilltheresearchersdonext?A.Provideinternationalhelp. B.Improvetheanalysissystem.C.Announcetheirachievements. D.Cooperatewithpublichealthcompanies.其次節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Childrenarenaturalscientists.____16____However,manyteenagersstarttothinkscienceisconfusing,boringordifficult.Fortunately,youwillbeabletoencourageyourteen’sinterestinsciencewithafewsimpletips.EncourageQuestioningChildrenarealwaysaskingquestionsandyouneedtoencouragethisastheybecometeenagers.Havinganinquiring(好問的)mindisnotonlyimportantwhenitcomestoscience,butisavaluablequalitythroughoutlife.____17____FindScienceinTheRealWorldTeenagersaremorelikelytobecomeengagedwithsciencewhentheyareabletoseehowitappliestotherealworld.____18____Itcouldbeamuseum,agalleryoranobservatory.Youshouldalsolookforanyinteractivewebsites,scienceholidayprogramsandsciencefairsthatyourchildmightbeinterestedin.____19____Sciencewillgenerallybemoreinterestingforteenswhentheycanunderstandtheimpactthatithasondailylife.Watchingthenewstokeepontopofthelatestscientificdevelopmentsinallsciencefieldsfromnewtechnologytomedicalbreakthroughsisimportant.Youshouldalsotakethetimetotalktoyourteenaboutwhattheythinkaboutthesedevelopments.FocusonEffort____20____Insteadoffocusingonthegradesyourteengets,youshouldtrytofocusontheefforttheyputintotheirsciencelearning.Thiswillencourageyourteentodevelopagrowthmindsetwhichisthebeliefthatthemoreefforttheyputin,themoretheywilllearn,achieveanddevelop.A.Keepupwiththenews.B.Spendtimetalkingaboutscience.C.Technologyandsciencehavealottooffer.D.Thesciencesubjectsatschoolcanbechallenging.E.Considergoingwhereteenscanexperiencescienceinaction.F.Theyarecuriousandeagertolearneverythingabouttheworld.G.Italsoencouragesyourteentothinkcriticallyandexplaintheirreasoning.第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Onmy16thbirthday,Iranintomybedroom,closedthedoorandcriedforanhour.IthoughtIhadturned16andhadnot____21____anythinginmylife.Thefeelingofnotachievingadequatelyis____22____:Eventhemostsuccessfulpeoplecanfeellike____23____attimes.Goalsanddesirestoachievesomethinggreatare____24____things.However,ifweregularlybecome____25____bysuchfeelings,thiscanleadtounhealthythoughts.Asforme,____26____,throughexperienceandanattitudechange,Ihavebeenabletokeepnegativefeelingsundercontroland____27____.Oftenwe____28____oursuccessesandweprobablyhaveachievedmorethanwe____29____.Avisualreminderofwhatyou’vedonecanworkwondersforonetobe_____30_____.Writedownthesmallachievements,likegraduatingfromhighschool.Anotherwayistohaveyourlife_____31_____.Youmayhavefriendsandfamilythatmaybethehard-to-pleasetypes.Thismaybeahuge_____32_____ofyourfeelingsofinadequacy.Sowhat’simportantisto_____33_____atleastonefriendthatisyourcheerleader.Weallneedthatpersonwhowillalwaysseethesilverlininginsteadofthedarkcloud.Lifeisnota_____34_____thoughsomepeoplewillhaveyoubelievethat.Itcanbealifelongprocesstokeepyoufromthinkingyouarenotdoing_____35_____inyourlife.21.A.created B.learned C.found D.achieved22.A.different B.right C.common D.confusing23.A.strangers B.advocates C.victims D.failures24.A.positive B.necessary C.amusing D.simple25.A.consumed B.defined C.judged D.attracted26.A.suddenly B.fortunately C.occasionally D.effortlessly27.A.turnaround B.goaway C.moveforward D.givein28.A.forget B.celebrate C.measure D.guarantee29.A.get B.promise C.realize D.express30.A.confident B.faithful C.independent D.ambitious31.A.coaches B.caretakers C.advisors D.cheerleaders32.A.reflection B.source C.result D.description33.A.tell B.have C.call D.invite34.A.journey B.dream C.story D.competition35.A.early B.enough C.firmly D.fast其次節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Malaysialiesinthetropics(熱帶)and____36____(bless)withplentyofrainandsunshine.Manytypesoftreesandplantsgrowhere,among____37____arethosebearingdeliciousfruits.The“KingofFruits”iswithoutdoubtthedurian(榴蓮).Itisanoval-shapedfruitaboutthesizeof____38____rugbyball.Itsskinisgreenoryellowandcoveredwithmanysharpthorns.Inside,____39____,theyellowfleshissoftandsweet.Itssmellisverystrong.Thelocalslovethedurian,butforeignersfindthesmellhard____40____(bear).Thedurianis____41____(normal)inseasontwiceayear.Soareotherfruitslikethemangosteenandmango.Weconsumethesefruitsingreatquantities.Otherfruitslikethepineapple,bananaandstarfruitarenot____42____(season).Theyareobtainableatalltimes.InahotcountrylikeMalaysia,fruitsprovideuswithmuchneededwaterandother____43____(nutrient)thatarevitalforhealth.Oftenthefruit-stalls(水果攤)arecrowdedwithpeople____44____(wait)tobuyasliceofwatermelontobeattheirthirst.In_____45_____(add),wegetimportedfruits,buttheyaremoreexpensive.Sowespendourmoneymainlyonlocalfruits.第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)46.你校將以12月2日“全國交通平安日(TrafficSafety’sDayofChina)”為主題，舉辦英語征文競賽。請你寫一篇短文投稿，內(nèi)容包括：1.交通平安的重要性；2.增加平安意識，倡議文明出行。留意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.短文題目和首句已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。TrafficSafetyDependsonEveryoneAstheTrafficSafety’sDayofChinaisdrawingnear,peoplearegettingbetterawareoftheimportanceofthetrafficsafety.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________其次節(jié)(滿分25分)47.閱讀下面材料，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Papa,mygrandfather,startedteachingmetoplaychesswhenIwasten.Hetaughtmeeverythingheknewaboutchess.Ittookmethreeyearstodefeathim.Papaturnedthechessboardover.1wasamazedbywhat1saw.Itwascoveredwithdozensofnamesanddates.“Thesearethepeoplewhohavebeatenmeatchess.Look,thisisthefellowwhosavedmylifewhenweservedinthearmy.Hesentmetothehospitalandcaredforme.Whileinthehospital,hedefeatedmeatchess,”Papasaid,pointingtoaname,PaulWard,ontheboard.Thenhehandedmeapenandaskedmetoaddmynametoit.Yearslater,Igraduatedfromcollegewithadegreeinsocialwork.Papahandedmehischessboard,saying,“Iwantyoutohavethis.”“Papa,Ican’ttakethis.It’sspecialtoyou.”“Andnow,it’llbespecialtoyou,Grandson.That’sthewayitisinlife:Wepassourloveontothenextperson.”Sadly,itwasn’tlongafterthisthatPapapassedaway.Iwasheartbroken,ofcourse.ButdeterminedtotakethethingsIhadlearnedfromhim,andthelovehehadshownme,andpassthemontoothers.Then1washiredtobethesocialworkerforaretirementcommunity.Eachday.Iobservedelderlyresidentssittingalone,headsdown,readytogiveup.Intheyard,therewereseveralstonetableswithchessboardsimprinted(刻印)onthem.Oneday,Isatdown,setupmychesspiecesandwaited.Anelderlymancautiouslyapproached.“Careforagame?”Icheerfullyinquired.Themansmiledweaklyandsatdown.Itseemedasifhewasn’tsurehowtomovethechess.Weplayedinsilence.Theonlysoundsweretheclick-clickofourchesspieces.1won.Theoldmansighed.“It’sbeenawhilesinceIplayed,”heexplained,“whatifwecanplaychesstogethereveryday?”Then,Idecidedtodosomethingfortheelderly.留意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150詞左右；2.請按如下格式在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置作答。WesetupagroupcalledTheSeniorChessClub.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theoldmanexplained,“Itwasallbecauseofyourchessboard.”__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________