Unit+4+Space+Exploration+Discovering+Useful+Structures高中英語人教版（2019）必修三

Unit4SpaceExploration

DiscoveringUsefulStructures動(dòng)詞不定式作定語和狀語Lead-in

WhoisthefirstChinesefemaleastronauttoexplorespace?LiuYangisthefirstfemaleastronauttobesentintospaceinChina.LiuYangrealizedherdreamtoexplorespacein2012.LiuYanghasastrongdesiretogotospaceagain.1.LiuYangisthefirstfemaleastronaut

tobesentintospaceinChina.2.LiuYangrealizedherdreamtoexplorespacein2012.3.LiuYanghasstrongdesiretogotospaceagain.Findthesimilaritiesofthesesentencestheinfinitive(todo)isusedas

to

modifythenoun/...

placedinfrontofittheattributive“todo”asattributive1.

Ihavenodesiretowrite..2.

TheSmithswerethefirsttoarrive..3.Therewasnothingtobedone..4.

Ihavealottosay..5.

Ihavenoideawheretogo.6.TheconferencetotakeplaceinShanghainextweekisofgreatimportance.句子成分用法不定式在句中中作___________1.可修飾：2.多置于被修飾詞___________3.多表示_____________的動(dòng)作。定語名詞或者代詞之后作后置定語未來的1.Pleasemakeanefforttocatchthebus.2.Hemadea

promisetocomehereontimetomorrow.3.Ihavenodesire

towrite.4.Thankstoyourencouragement,Ifinallygotthecouragetoface

thechallenge.5.Hisabilitytogetonwellwithpeopleishischiefadvantage.總結(jié)1.抽象名詞ability,aim,attempt,right,plan,chance,opportunity,way,courage,decision,hope,wish,dream,goal等表示能力，計(jì)劃，目標(biāo)，機(jī)會(huì)等名詞后常用不定式作定語。“todo”asattributiveThiscanbeusefulforbusinesssuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewway_____________(attract)customers.toattract

Practice1.ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.2.Youaretheonlypersontobelateforsuchanimportantmeeting.3.Itisrecognizedthatheisthebestmantodothejob.4.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.總結(jié)2.序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)和thelast/theonly/thenext等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語?！皌odo”asattributivePractice(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷語法填空改編)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountry________(land)aspacecraftonthefarsideofthe

moon.toland

1.Ihavenothing

(fear)butfearitself.2.Doyouhaveanything

(say)?3.Thereisnothing

(worry)about.總結(jié)3.something,nothing,anything等不定代詞后常用動(dòng)詞不定式。4.在therebe句型中，作主語的名詞后可接不定式作定語，不定式用主動(dòng)式或者被動(dòng)式均可?！皌odo”asattributivetofeartosaytoworry/tobeworried主動(dòng)/被動(dòng)？1.Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththework.2.Thecompetitiontobeheldnextyearwillsurelyattractmanyinternationaltourists.3.Tomhasalargefamilytosupport.主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)主謂關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系不定式的動(dòng)詞與被修飾詞的關(guān)系主動(dòng)(todo)被動(dòng)(tobedone)1.Theairport________________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.tobecompletedPractice主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)意義一般式todotobedone

.進(jìn)行式

.完成式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作

.the

infinitive

tense表將來正在發(fā)生之前tobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendoneTomdetermined

(go)abroadforfurtherstudy.Generallyspeaking,noonelikes

(make)funof.Hepretended

(read)whentheteachercamein.I’msorry

(cause)yousomuchtroublelasttime.Thecarseems

(wash)already.togotobemadetobereadingtohavecausedtohavebeenwashedPractice不定式作定語也可用在have…todo和therebe句型中。注意：

若不定式動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，則該動(dòng)詞必須與介詞連用，組成及物的動(dòng)詞短語。Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite____.Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.Ihavenojewelry__________(wear）.ontowearTheInfinitiveastheadverbial(動(dòng)詞不定式用作狀語)動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作狀語,主要用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等,表示目的、原因、結(jié)果等。在句中,不定式可作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語、原因狀語等。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語1.目的狀語①Hecameheretoattendanimportantmeeting.

他來這兒參加一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議。②Helaiddownhislifetosavethechild.他為了救這個(gè)孩子獻(xiàn)出了生命。③Heshoutedandwavedinordertobenoticed.

他喊了一聲，揮了揮手，以引起注意。④

I'llwritedownhistelephonenumbersoas

nottoforgetit.我會(huì)記下他的電話號(hào)碼，以免忘記。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出這種目的，也可以用inorder(not)todo，和soas(not)todo結(jié)構(gòu)（soastodo不可以置于句首）。1._____________uspreparefortheexam,theteachersuggestedreadingthroughoutnotes.(天津高考)A.TohelpB.HelpedC.HelpingD.Beinghelped2.Mary’ssister,Jessie,oftencameover__________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.（2021浙江語法填空改編）AtoplantPractice2.結(jié)果狀語①Hereturnedhometolearnhisdaughterhadjustbeenengaged.

他回家后得知女兒剛剛訂婚了。②HewenthometofindhisoldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim.

他到家發(fā)現(xiàn)他的老朋友喬治在等他。③WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoexcited?

我說了什么使你這么激動(dòng)?不定式作結(jié)果狀語常與learn,find,see,hear,make等動(dòng)詞連用。①Shewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.

她氣得連話都說不出來。②Theboyisoldenoughto

takecareofhimself.

這個(gè)男孩夠大了，可以自己照顧自己。③Hehurriedtothestation,onlyto

findthetrainhadleft.

他匆匆忙忙趕到火車站，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)走了。④I'mtootiredtostayuplonger.

我太累了，不能再熬夜了。不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用于以下句型結(jié)構(gòu)：①so/such…astodo

②enoughtodo③onlytodo(常表示意外的或事與愿違的結(jié)果)

④too…todoSheisproud

tohavewon

thefirstplace.(句子主語和win是主動(dòng)關(guān)系）Heis

glad

tobeinvitedtothemeeting.We

were

astonished

tofind

thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(1)常用于“sb.

+be+adj.

+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中,

形容詞作表語時(shí),后可接不定式作原因狀語,用以說明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因。happy,sorry,glad,excited,disappointed,shocked,satisfied,astonished等表示喜怒哀樂的形容詞。動(dòng)詞不定式作原因狀語Themorningairissogood

tobreathe

thathegetsupearlyeveryday.（句子主語和breathe是被動(dòng)關(guān)系--不定式的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)）

(2)常用于“sth.

+be+adj.

+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中,

這類形容詞有easy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,comfortable,good,important,impossible,dangerous等,

表示主語的特征或性質(zhì),不定式和句子主語之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,但常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。1.全家人去了海邊度假。Thewholefamilywenttotheseaside________________________.2.他起來之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)所有人都走了。Hewokeup,only______________________________.3.聽到那個(gè)不幸的消息，我們都很震驚。Allofuswereshocked__________________________.目的狀語tospendtheirholidaytofindeverybodygonetohearthesadnews結(jié)果狀語原因狀語“todo”asadverbial狀語1.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4________(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.(2020新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I)tofind2.Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology_________(change)lives.(2020浙江)tochangeActivity1Lookatthefollowingsentencesandfocusontheitalicizedredinfinitives.

Inpairs,discusstheirfunctionsandmeanings.Findmoreexamplesfromtheunit.

1.Itrainedforalongtimetofly

airplanesasafighterpilot.2.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertowork

inspace.3.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenoughtoget

arelatedcollegedegree.4.Somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealizetheirdreamtoexplore

space.5.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogo

intospace.目的狀語目的狀語結(jié)果狀語定語定語Activity2Rewritethesentencesusinginfinitivesor“inorderto/soasto+do”.Changetheitalicizedpartsaccordingly.1.In2003YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersonwhogotmarriedinspace.

In2003YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersontogetmarriedinspace.2.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersoastorecycle

itforlateruse.3.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavedreamtthatonedaytheywouldflyintospace.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavethedreamtoflyintospaceoneday.4.Astronauts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,whichwillhelpthemstayhealthy.Astronauts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeverydayto/inorderto/soastostayhealthy.5.Astronautshavetousetapestostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.Astronautshavetousetapestostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspaceto/inorderto/soastokeepeverythingfromfloatingoff.6.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlysothattheycankeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlyto/inorderto/soastokeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.Activity3Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoal

_________(achieve).Oneoftheproblemsisthatthetripwouldtakeaverylongtime.Forexample,_________

(use)thecurrenttechnology,itwouldtakeovertwoyears_________(get)totheclosestplanet,Mars,andback.Althoughlightisthefastestthing_________(know)intheuniverse,itcouldtakemorethanfouryearstoreachtheneareststarsystem.toachieveusingtogetknownWillscientistsfigureoutaway_________(store)sufficientfoodandwaterforthelongjourney?Isitpossibletotravelfasterthanlight?Nooneknowstheanswersyet.However,spacescientistsnevergiveup.Theyareexperimentingwithgrowingcropsinspacesoas_________(help)

astronautsgetenoughfoodonlongerjourneysthroughspace.tostoretohelpBook3Unit4

WorkBook:UsingStructures(P80-81)

1.Q:WhyisYangLiweifamousinChina?A:Becauseheis____________________________________.(第一個(gè)進(jìn)入太空的中國(guó)宇航員).2.Q:Howdoyoufeelaboutthefilm2001:ASpaceOdyssey?A:I’mafraidthefilmis_______________________________.(太長(zhǎng),太乏味而無法看完)3.Q:WhywastheRussianspacestationMirbroughtdownoutoforbit?A:OneofthereasonsisthatMirwastoooldand__________________________.(不再是安全的居所).Ex1.Completethesentencesusinginfinitivesastheattributeortheadverbial.thefirstChineseastronauttogointospacetoolongandboringformetofinishnolongerasafeplacetoliveinUsingStructures4.Q:Wouldyouliketotraveintospacesomeday?A:Yes,andIwanttobecome___________________________.(登陸火星的第一個(gè)中國(guó)人)5.Q:Couldyouprovideasimpleintroductiontohowspacerocketswork?A:I’mafraidthewholeprocessis__________________________________.(太復(fù)雜了,無法用幾句話解釋清楚).Ex1.Completethesentencesusinginfinitivesastheattributeortheadverbial.thefirstChinesetolandonMarstoocomplicatedtoexplaininafewwordsUsingStructures1.Thespaceshuttle(航天飛機(jī))wascreatedasareusablelaunchvehicle_________astronautsandotherequipmentintopaceandbackagain.Theshuttlelookslikeanordinaryplanebutithasacargobay(貨倉)thatislargeenough________asatellite.2.Spaceprobes(航天探測(cè)器)areoftensenttoplacesthataretoofarawayortoodangerousforahuman_______footin.Forexample,in1977,theVoyager1spaceprobewassent________picturesoftheplanetsSaturn(土星)andJupiter(木星).Ex2Completethesentencesusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.tocarrytoholdtosettotakehold,build,provide,live,set,carry,select,fall,take,launch3.TheInternationalSpaceStationwastoobig________onEarthand_______intospace,sodifferentcountriesworkedtogetherandbuiltabout100modules(分離艙).Afterwards,thesemoduleswerejoinedtogetherinspace___________livingquarters,laboratories,andotherequipmentforastronauts_______formonths.4.Asthefirstwoman__________tomakeatripintospace,Tereshkovafeltluckyandproud.Whenthegreatdayfinallycameshewasa