電力專業(yè)英語閱讀與翻譯 課件 7-Alternating-Current Electric Machines

電力專業(yè)英語(7)Alternating-CurrentElectricMachines參考教材：朱永強(qiáng).電力專業(yè)英語閱讀與翻譯.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2024-06ElectricalMachine電機(jī)電機(jī)的種類發(fā)電機(jī)generator電動(dòng)機(jī)motor狹義的innarrowsense廣義的inbroadsense旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)rotarymachine靜止電機(jī)staticmachinegeneratormotortransformerOnlythese

willbediscussedElectricalMachine電機(jī)電機(jī)的種類交流電機(jī)ACmachine直流電機(jī)DCmachine根據(jù)輸出accordingtooutput根據(jù)運(yùn)行特點(diǎn)accordingtooperationfeature同步電機(jī)synchronousmachine異步電機(jī)asynchronousmachine感應(yīng)電機(jī)inductionmachineElectricalMachine電機(jī)Exercise同步發(fā)電機(jī)異步電動(dòng)機(jī)特性用途同步發(fā)電機(jī)synchronousgenerator異步電動(dòng)機(jī)asynchronousmotor感應(yīng)電機(jī)inductionmachine感應(yīng)電機(jī)能有多少種組合？定子stator轉(zhuǎn)子rotor電機(jī)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)氣隙airgapStructureofElectricalMachine電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)固定的stationary旋轉(zhuǎn)的revolvingrotatingturningrotaryComponentsandPrincipleofoperationofInductionMotorsTherotorisseparatedfromthestatorbyasmallairgapthatrangesfrom0.4mmto4mm,dependingonthepowerofthemotor.嘗試翻譯Therotorisseparatedfromthestatorbyasmallairgapthatrangesfrom0.4mmto4mm,dependingonthepowerofthemotor.重點(diǎn)關(guān)注asmallairgap作為介詞的賓語，本身又帶有較長(zhǎng)的定語，這在翻譯時(shí)容易造成句子拗口不通順，可以適當(dāng)拆解和調(diào)整語序，構(gòu)造新的句子，把較長(zhǎng)的定語以謂語的形式表示Therotorisseparatedfromthestatorbyasmallairgap;theairgaprangesfrom0.4mmto4mm;thisdependson

thepowerofthemotor.ComponentsandPrincipleofoperationofInductionMotorsTherotorisseparatedfromthestatorbyasmallairgapthatrangesfrom0.4mmto4mm,dependingonthepowerofthemotor.嘗試翻譯Therotorisseparatedfromthestatorbyasmallairgapthatrangesfrom0.4mmto4mm,dependingonthepowerofthemotor.轉(zhuǎn)子與定子通過氣隙隔開，該氣隙從0.4毫米到4毫米，這取決于電動(dòng)機(jī)的功率。n.轉(zhuǎn)子rotorstator翻譯生詞airgapn.定子n.氣隙PrincipleofoperationofInductionMotors:

感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的工作原理：Abalancedthree-phasesource（current）三相對(duì)稱電源(電流)statorwindings定子繞組afieldrotatingatsynchronousspeedns產(chǎn)生ns同步速旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場(chǎng)inducingvoltageinrotorwindings(current)轉(zhuǎn)子繞組中感應(yīng)出電動(dòng)勢(shì)(電流)relativemotionproducingatorqueacceleratingrotortonfollowingns產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)矩加速轉(zhuǎn)子以nr跟隨nsnr<ns“asynchronous”“異步”由來ComponentsandPrincipleofoperationofInductionMotors嘗試翻譯Itsvaluedependsupontheslipandhenceuponthespeedofthemotor.EquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotors翻譯其數(shù)值取決于滑差因而由電動(dòng)機(jī)的速度決定。說明句中出現(xiàn)了省略的情況。事實(shí)上，從邏輯上講，連詞and連接了兩個(gè)并列的謂語，分別是dependsupontheslip和dependsuponthespeedofthemotor，其中第二個(gè)謂語的動(dòng)詞depend省略了，在翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)注意。Itsvaluedependsupontheslipandhenceuponthespeedofthemotor.生詞n.滑差slipEquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotors嘗試翻譯Thisequivalentcircuitofawound-rotorinductionmotorissosimilartothatofatransformerthatitisnotsurprisingthatthewound-rotorinductionmotorissometimescalledarotarytransformer.Thisequivalentcircuitofawound-rotorinductionmotorissosimilartothatofatransformerthatitisnotsurprisingthatthewound-rotorinductionmotorissometimescalledarotarytransformer.解釋說明等效電路equivalentcircuit類似similarto旋轉(zhuǎn)變壓器rotarytransformer整個(gè)句子的意思大致就是繞線式電機(jī)的等效電路類似旋轉(zhuǎn)變壓器重點(diǎn)關(guān)注句中的三個(gè)that用法各不相同Thisequivalentcircuitofawound-rotorinductionmotorissosimilartothatofatransformerthatitisnotsurprisingthatthewound-rotorinductionmotorissometimescalledarotarytransformer.第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)名詞短語thatofatransformer，

代指equivalentcircuit，作為besimilarto的賓語。第二個(gè)that與so遙相呼應(yīng)，組成一個(gè)詞組so…that…，

表示“如此…以至…”。第三個(gè)與前面的內(nèi)容構(gòu)成句型itisnotsurprisingthat，實(shí)際上它是引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)賓語從句。EquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotors重點(diǎn)關(guān)注為了便于理解和翻譯，句子可以拆解為Thisequivalentcircuitofawound-rotorinductionmotorissosimilartothatofatransformerthatitisnotsurprisingthatthewound-rotorinductionmotorissometimescalledarotarytransformer.Thisequivalentcircuitofawound-rotorinductionmotorissimilartothatofatransformer;soitisnotsurprisingthatthewound-rotorinductionmotorissometimescalledarotarytransformer.EquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotors翻譯繞線式感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的這個(gè)等效電路與變壓器的如此類似，以至繞線式感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)有時(shí)被稱為旋轉(zhuǎn)變壓器并不奇怪。equivalentcircuitofawound-rotormotor：繞線式電動(dòng)機(jī)等效電路：similartoatransformer（“rotarytransformer”）類似變壓器（“旋轉(zhuǎn)變壓器”）start-up(s=1)tosynchronousspeed(s=0)

從起動(dòng)(s=1)一直到同步速(s=0)EquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotorsTheequivalentcircuitofasquirrel-cageinductionmotoristhesame,exceptthatR2isthenequaltotheequivalentresistancer2oftherotoralonereferredtothestator,therebeingnoexternalresistor.嘗試翻譯翻譯鼠籠式感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的等效電路是一樣的，不過R2等于折算到定子側(cè)的轉(zhuǎn)子自己的等效電阻r2

，沒有額外的電阻。說明詞組referto表示“折算到”。介詞except有兩個(gè)賓語，一是that從句，一是therebe的動(dòng)名詞短語。EquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotorsequivalentcircuitofasquirrel-cagemotor：鼠籠式電動(dòng)機(jī)等效電路：sametoawound-rotormotor

和繞線式一樣noexternalrotorresistor

轉(zhuǎn)子沒有外接電阻EquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotorsSynchronousGeneratorsandMotorsThefrequencyoftheinducedalternatingvoltagesandoftheresultingcurrentsthatflowinthestatorwindingswhenaloadisconnecteddependsonthespeedoftherotor.嘗試翻譯重點(diǎn)關(guān)注Thefrequencyoftheinducedalternatingvoltagesandoftheresultingcurrentsthatflowinthestatorwindingswhenaloadisconnecteddependsonthespeedoftherotor.解釋說明dependon的主語是什么？SynchronousMachine同步電機(jī)frequency句子的主干frequencydependsonthespeedoftherotor.SynchronousGeneratorsandMotorsThefrequencyoftheinducedalternatingvoltagesandoftheresultingcurrentsthatflowinthestatorwindingswhenaloadisconnecteddependsonthespeedoftherotor.重點(diǎn)關(guān)注翻譯感應(yīng)出的交流電壓的頻率和接有負(fù)荷時(shí)流過定子的電流的頻率，取決于轉(zhuǎn)子的速度。說明句中出現(xiàn)了省略的情況。事實(shí)上，連詞and連接了兩個(gè)并列的主體，共同作為整個(gè)句子的主語，共用一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞depend。這兩個(gè)主體分別是thefrequencyoftheinducedalternatingvoltages和thefrequencyoftheresultingcurrents，其中第二個(gè)短語的frequency省略了，在翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)注意。嘗試翻譯Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enablesustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermitsustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重點(diǎn)關(guān)注Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enablesustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermitsustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重點(diǎn)關(guān)注Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enablesustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermitsustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.解釋說明減少vtreduce增加，增大increase減少，縮小decrease這對(duì)反義詞，有多種詞性vt,vi,n減少，縮小vminish減少，減輕vlessen增加，增大vaugment增加vtaddSynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重點(diǎn)關(guān)注Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enablesustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermitsustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.解釋說明reducetheamountofinsulationintheslots第一個(gè)

which指的是什么？increasethecrosssectionoftheconductors第二個(gè)

which指的是什么？SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重點(diǎn)關(guān)注Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enablesustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermitsustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.解釋說明因此therefore又，進(jìn)而，接下來inturn因而henceSynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重點(diǎn)關(guān)注Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enables

ustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermits

ustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.解釋說明使我們可以（做什么）enableusto允許我們（去做什么）permitustoSynchronousGeneratorsandMotors嘗試給出通順的譯文Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enablesustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermitsustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.參考譯文：因此，我們可以減少槽中的絕緣（介質(zhì)）數(shù)量，使我們接下來可以增大導(dǎo)體的橫截面以增大電流，進(jìn)而提高電機(jī)的輸出功率。句子中出現(xiàn)了含義接近、前后重復(fù)的內(nèi)容enablesusto和permitsusto,在翻譯時(shí)可以適當(dāng)省略，以使句子簡(jiǎn)單明了。SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors

典型的500MW同步發(fā)電機(jī)及其直流勵(lì)磁機(jī)的示意圖和剖面圖pilotexciter副勵(lì)磁機(jī)，mainexiter主勵(lì)磁機(jī)commutator換向器，slipring滑環(huán)，brush電刷SynchronousGenerator同步發(fā)電機(jī)frequencyofthesource電源頻率

fixedspeedofrotation轉(zhuǎn)速恒定ensure

確定Asynchronousmotor：同步電動(dòng)機(jī)cannotstartbyitselfwithexcitation,canproducereactivepowerSynchronousMotors同步電動(dòng)機(jī)SynchronousCondenserstartupasaninductionmotorsoftstart-up軟起動(dòng)作為感應(yīng)電機(jī)起動(dòng)具備勵(lì)磁，可提供無功同步調(diào)相機(jī)不能自起動(dòng)嘗試翻譯However,synchronousmotorsareusednotsomuchbecausetheyrunatconstantspeedbutbecausetheypossessotheruniqueelectricalproperties.SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重點(diǎn)關(guān)注However,synchronousmotorsareusednotsomuchbecausetheyrunatconstantspeedbutbecausetheypossessotheruniqueelectricalproperties.解釋說明擁有，占有possess獨(dú)特的，唯一的unique性質(zhì)，財(cái)產(chǎn)property具有…性質(zhì)；擁有…財(cái)產(chǎn)p