Unit5LearningfromNatureUsingLanguageGrammar課件高中英語選擇性

Unit5UsingLanguage—Grammar

什么是非謂語動(dòng)詞??？

“非謂語非謂語”,就是不能直接作謂語的動(dòng)詞唄!非謂語動(dòng)詞都有哪些呢？不定式V-ing形式V-ed形式它們?cè)诰渲胁荒茏髦^語，那能作什么成分呢？讓我們來讀一些句子,總結(jié)一下吧!a.Today,architectscontinuetoexplorewaystocapturethebeautyofnaturalforms,…b.…itappearstofloatabovethewaterfrontpromenadeandthewaterthatsurroundsit.c.Visitorsareoftenamazedtofindthemselvesinanurbanbuildingthatsotrulycapturesthebeautyofnaturalforms.d.

Creatingbuildingssuchastheseenablesustoliveincloserharmonywithourenvironment.Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.

Lookatthe“todo”structuresinsentences(a)and(b).DotheyservethesamefunctionineachsentenceInsentence(c),isthe-edformusedasanadjectiveorapastparticipleWhydoestheauthorusethe-edformotherthanthe-ingformObjectPredicativeSubjectAdjectiveTheauthorwantstodescribethevisitors'feeling,sothe-edformisused.Whatisthefunctionofthe-ingforminsentence(d)Nowlet'sreadmoreexamples.Non-finiteformscanbeusedassubject,objectandpredicative.PeoplewhoseinterestisexploringtherelationshipbetweenartandsciencewillenjoySingapore'sArtScienceMuseum.2.Tousebiomimicryistocreatestructuresbasedonnaturalformsandprocesses.3.Visitorsareoftenamazedtofindthemselvesinanurbanbuildingthatsotrulycapturesthebeautyofnatural.4.Tomeettheneedsoftodaywhileprotectingtheworldoftomorrowmaybeachallenge,buteventhesimplestorganismscanhelpteachushowtoachievethis.1.Peoplewhoseinterestis_________(explore)therelationshipbetweenartandsciencewillenjoySingapore'sArtScienceMuseum.2._______(use)

biomimicryis________(create)structuresbasedonnaturalformsandprocesses.3.Visitorsareoften________(amaze)tofindthemselvesinanurbanbuildingthatsotrulycapturesthebeautyofnatural.4.________(meet)theneedsoftodaywhileprotectingtheworldoftomorrowmaybeachallenge,buteventhesimplestorganismscanhelpteachushowtoachievethis.amazedFillintheblankswithappropriatewords.exploringTousetocreatego

Ready?Tomeet

非謂語動(dòng)詞共有三類：不定式、V-ing形式，V-ed形式。非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中不可單獨(dú)用作謂語，不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，可以用作主語、賓語、表語等。復(fù)習(xí)：非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語、賓語和表語Focuson基本用法Review:non-finiteformsassubject,objectandpredictive①Toobeylawiseveryone'sduty.遵紀(jì)守法是每個(gè)人的職責(zé)。②Totalkwithyourmouthfullisrude.滿嘴食物講話是不禮貌的。③ItisusefulforyoutolearnsomespokenEnglish.學(xué)習(xí)些口語對(duì)你來說是有用的。不定式形式主語真正主語動(dòng)詞不定式作主語單個(gè)不定式作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。若不定式太長(zhǎng),往往用it作形式主語,不定式后置。①Hemanaged

tosolvetheproblembyhimself.他自己設(shè)法解決了問題。②Ilike

toreadnewspaperarticlesaboutsports.我喜歡讀一些體育方面的新聞報(bào)道。③Amywants

toknowmoreaboutthefilm.艾米想知道更多關(guān)于這部電影的情況。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語Theseverbsarefollowedby‘toinfinitive'.offerdecidehopedeserveattemptpromiseagreeplanaimaffordmanagethreatenrefusearrangelearnforgetfailwantaskhelpwouldlikewouldloveexpectbegmean(=intend)wouldpreferwouldhatee.g.(1)Iplan______________thisevening.我打算今晚去看電影。(2)Sheagreed___________________finallyafteralongnegotiation.在很長(zhǎng)的談判后，她最終同意簽合同了。toseeafilmtosignthecontract不定式形式作表語時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作往往是具體的、一次性的動(dòng)作，特別是將來的動(dòng)作。通常主語是表示“目的，愿望，夢(mèng)想，需求”等的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的主語從句。①Yourtasktodayistowashthecurtains.

你今天的任務(wù)是洗窗簾。②Mypurposeistoclimbtothetopofthesnow

mountain.我的目標(biāo)就是要爬到雪山的頂部。③WhatIneedistomakethemhappy,nottired.

我需要的是讓他們快樂，而不是疲勞。動(dòng)詞不定式作表語※當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式用作表語時(shí)，其中的to原則上是不能省略的,但是當(dāng)主語部分有動(dòng)詞do(did/do/does)的某種形式時(shí)，用作表語的不定式可以省略to.①

Whatshecoulddowas

(to)gobackhome.她所能做的就是回家。②WhatIwanttodois

(to)get

somefresh

water.我要做的事就是弄些淡水來。

①Playing

tricksonothersissomethingweshouldneverdo.

捉弄?jiǎng)e人是我們?nèi)f萬不能干的。②Learning

newwordsisveryimportantforme.

學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對(duì)我來說非常重要。

③Chattingwiththemimprovesourminds.

和他們聊天增長(zhǎng)我們的見識(shí)。1.直接置于句首V-ing形式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。V-ing形式V-ing形式作主語⑴It'sworth

makingtheeffort.⑵Itispleasant

workingwithyou.⑶It'snouse

cryingoversplitmilk.⑷Itwasawasteoftime

readingthatbook.這件事值得努力去做。和你一起工作很愉快。覆水難收?？茨潜緯抢速M(fèi)時(shí)間。2.

有時(shí)可用it作形式主語前置，真正的主語是V-ing形式。但這種句子形式有一定的限制，作表語的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞。形容詞名詞1.It+be+awasteoftimedoing…做……是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的。2.Itis/wasnogood/usedoing…

做……是沒益/用處的。3.Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing...做……不值得。4.Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing…

做……是值得的。常用it作形式主語的句型有：①Ican'tavoid

going.②Doyouenjoyteaching???我不能不去。你喜歡教書嗎？③

Icouldn'thelp

laughing.??我禁不住笑了起來。④

Theywillputoff

doingituntilnextyear.他們將推遲到明年再做此事。1.有些動(dòng)詞/短語只能接

V-ing形式作賓語，常見的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannothelp,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannotstand,excuse,fancy,giveup,putoff,risk等。V-ing形式作賓語①·Doyoulikereading·Iliketoreaddetectivestories.②·Ihate

askingfavors.

·Hewouldhate

todisappointyou.你喜歡看書嗎？我不愿意求人幫忙。我喜歡看偵探小說。他不愿意讓你失望。2.有些動(dòng)詞后可接V-ing或todo作賓語，且意義相差不大。這類動(dòng)詞有:

begin,love,like,continue,hate,propose,prefer等。①Ishallneverforget

hearinghersingingthatsong.②Ihaveforgotten

tobring

myumbrella.我將不會(huì)忘記聽她唱那支歌的情景。我忘了帶傘。Example:

forgetregretremember

meantrystop…·forgetdoingsth.忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事(動(dòng)作已發(fā)生)·forgettodosth.

忘記去做某事(動(dòng)作并未發(fā)生)3.有些動(dòng)詞后既可以使用V-ing形式又可以使用todo，但語義有區(qū)別。①Iregret

lendinghimsomuchmoneybecauseheneverpaidmeback.②Iregret

totellyouthatyoufailedthetest.我很后悔借給他那么多錢，因?yàn)樗緵]有還過我。我遺憾地告訴你，你沒有通過考試?！egretdoingsth.后悔做過……·Iregrettosay/totell/toinformyou…=I'msorrythatIhavetosay(etc.)

Iregretdoingsth.=IdiditandnowI'msorryaboutit.①Iremember

seeingyousomewhereinLondon.②Doyouremembertoposttheletter我記得在倫敦什么地方見到過你。你記住寄這封信了嗎·rememberdoingsth.記得曾經(jīng)做過某事(動(dòng)作已發(fā)生)tosaythatsb.remembershe/shehasdonesthbefore·remembertodosth.記住做某事（動(dòng)作還沒有發(fā)生）tosaythatsb.remembershe/shewilldosth①M(fèi)issingthebusmeans

waitingforanotherhour.②I'mfeelingveryguilty—I'vebeen

meaning

tocallmyparentsfordays,butstillhaven'tgotaroundtoit.趕不上那班巴士意味著就要再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。我感到非常內(nèi)疚——幾天來我一直打算給父母打，但還是沒機(jī)會(huì)打?！eandoingsth.

意味著……

·meantodosth.打算做某事tosaythatweintend(ed)todosth.tosaythatsth.hassth.elseasaresult①Whynottrydoingitinsomeotherway②Itried

tosolvetheproblembutIcouldn't.為什么不用其他辦法試一試呢？我努力解答那個(gè)題，但我解不出?！rydoingsth.

試著做某事

·trytodosth.盡力去做某事tosaythatweattempttodosth.tosayweuse,doorteststh.toseeifitimprovesasituation①Pleasestop

talkingaloud.②Theystopped

totakephotos.請(qǐng)不要大聲說話。他們停下來去拍照?！topdoingsth.

停止做某事

·stoptodosth.

停下來正在做的事情去做另外一件事tosaywhywestopdoingsth.tosaywhatitisthatwestopdoing①Sheinsistedon

writingatonce.②Theyobjectedto

leavingthemotel.她堅(jiān)持馬上就寫。他們反對(duì)離開這家汽車旅館。③

Idon'tfeellike

goingtothemovie.我不想去看電影。4.V-ing形式可作介詞賓語devoteto,objectto,payattentionto,getdownto,leadto,lookforwardto,insiston,putoff,feellike,waste/

spend…(in)doingsth.,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.等。V-ing形式作表語1.

V-ing形式作表語時(shí)表示一般性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，或抽象的動(dòng)作，大部分時(shí)候主語和表語可以互換。①M(fèi)yhobbyisplayingguitar.

我的愛好是彈吉他。②Therealquestionis

gettingtoknowthe

needsofthestudents.=Gettingtoknowtheneedsofthestudentsistherealquestion.

真正的問題是了解學(xué)生的需求。2.V-ing形式作表語還可以表示主語具有的特征或?qū)傩浴-ing形式用來形容事物,表示“令人(感到)……，使人(感到)……”。①

Thenewsisreallyexciting.

這個(gè)消息真令人振奮。②Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.

你所說的真令人鼓舞。

V-ed形式作表語V-ed形式作表語時(shí)表示主語(人和事物)的存在狀態(tài)或情感情緒“人(感到)……”等。①Theshopisclosednow.

商店已關(guān)門。②

Thecupsarebroken.

杯子碎了。③Iamverydisappointedatthenews.

我對(duì)這個(gè)消息感到很失望。(closed和broken表示主語的存在狀態(tài))(disappointed表示主語的情緒——感到失望)V-ed形式英語中有很多與感覺有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞，其V-ing形式用來形容事物，表示“令人……的”；

其V-ed形式用來形容人，表示“(人)感到……的”。delighting

令人高興的disappointing令人失望的encouraging

令人鼓舞的

pleasing令人愉快的

puzzling令人費(fèi)解的satisfying令人滿意的

surprising令人驚異的

worrying

令人擔(dān)心的delighted感到高興的

disappointed感到失望的

encouraged感到鼓舞的

pleased

感到愉快的

puzzled感到費(fèi)解的

satisfied

感到滿意的

surprised

感到驚異的

worried

感到擔(dān)心的

這類詞常見的表達(dá)有：________(draw)inspirationfromnatureisatraditionthatgoesbackcenturies.NowhereisthisbetterillustratedthaninthebeautifulLingeringGardenofSuzhou.Themainprincipleofitsdesignis____________________(recreate)naturallandscapesinminiature.FirstestablishedintheMingDynasty,theoriginalgardencontainedarockerytosymboliseTiantaiMountain.Pineandbamboogroveswereaddedlater,alongwithapondandanisland.Visitorswouldbe__________(astonish)tofindthegardenmodeledcloselyonnaturalfeatures.Visitorsarealsosupposed_________

(explore)itscene-by-scene.Thiscouldvaryfromaviewofapondandthesplashingoffish,toatreeinblossom,apagodaoramoon-shapedgate.Completethepassagewiththecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets.P532Drawingtorecreate/recreatingastonishedtoexploreReadtheinformationbelowandwriteaparagraphintroducingthe24SolarTermswiththewordsinthebox.Usethestructuresyouhavelearntinthisunitwhereappropriate.Learning

fromnature'swisdomledfarmersinAncientChinatocreatethe24SolarTerms…P533learndetermineshowamazeusePossibleanswers：SolarTermswhichwerebasedonobservationofchangesofseasons,astronomyandothernaturalphenomena.Indicatingchangesinweatherconditions,the24SolarTermsremainofparticularimportancetofarmersforguidingtheirpractices.Thefirsttermisknownas“BeginningofSpring”,andmarkswhendaysbecomelongerandthetemperaturebeginstoincrease.Nowadays,the24SolarTermsnotonlyapplytofarming,butalsoguideChinesepeopleineverydaylife.SovariedarethefunctionsoftheSolarTermsandtheircontributionstoculturalidentity,thatin2016,theywereaddedtoUNESCO'sListofIntangibleCulturalHeritage.Workinpairs.TalkaboutoneoftheSolarTermsusingthestructuresyouhavelearntinthisunitwhereappropriate.Usefulexpressions:...basedon...Itdetermines...Itguides...P5341.Hisjobis_____(sit)besidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn'thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.

[2021·新高考I卷·閱讀理解B]2.So______(be)interestingatadinnerpartyisn'tthathard.(2021全國(guó)乙卷·七選五)實(shí)戰(zhàn)高考tositbeing3.Simply_______(say)thankyoudoesn'tseemenoughincertainsituations.(2021全國(guó)乙卷·完形填空)4.PaulBeer,headofrhino(犀牛)sectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe'reallabsolutely__________(delight)towelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily”(2021全國(guó)甲卷閱讀理解B)saying實(shí)戰(zhàn)高考delighted5.“Iremember_________(walk)downthelonghalland________(open)thedoortomyroomtofindanentireflock(群)ofseagulls(海鷗),”Burchillsaidinarecentletterofapologytothe4-starhotel.(2021全國(guó)甲卷·完形填空)6.Afterspendingsometime_________(look)atallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!(2021全國(guó)甲卷·語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用第二節(jié))walkingopeninglooking實(shí)戰(zhàn)高考7.__________(return)toabookyou'vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.(2020全國(guó)卷I·閱讀理解B)8.______(use)emojiscanaddhumorandfeeling,keepingintentionclear.(2020全國(guó)卷II)9._______(take)picturesofpolarbearsisamazingbutalsodangerous.(2020浙江·讀后續(xù)寫)10.Inthefuture,theteamhopes__________(develop)aversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.(2020新課標(biāo)I閱讀理解D)UsingTakingReturningtodevelop實(shí)戰(zhàn)高考

主語賓語表語不定式V-ingV-ed

非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能：類別成分√√√√√√√IndividualactivityI.選擇填空。1.Itisnouse______________(tocomplain/complaining).Whatyouneedtodonowiscorrectyourmistake.2.Susan,pleaseremember__________(telling/totell)yourbrothertogivemeacalltonight.3.Yourdaughterwillbe__________(disappointed/disappointing)ifyoudon'tbuyheranewbike.4.Biologyismyfavouritesubject,andmytargetis__________(prepared/toprepare)myselfformydegreeinbiologyatuniversity.5.Itusuallytakesmeabouttwentyminutes_______(getting/toget)homebybus,soIoftenusethetimetoreviewEnglishwords.complainingtotelldisappointedtopreparetoget1.__________(work)withthosefamousmusicianswasagoodchanceformetoimprovemyself.2.Itisveryimportant__________(meet)friendsinpersonfromtimetotime,notjustonsocialmedia.3.Thecandlesetfiretothesheets,butluckilyhemanaged___________(put)