中考英語閱讀理解答題技巧

第第頁中考英語閱讀理解答題技巧一、閱讀理解考查題型1.考查事實細節(jié)：2.猜測生詞含義：3.推理判斷：4.歸納主旨大意：5.推測作者的態(tài)度、意圖和目的：（一）事實性細節(jié)題對時間、地點、特征、方式、數(shù)字等的尋找對原因、結(jié)果、事實的正確理解常用提問方式：1.Accordingtothepassage,who(what,why,where,when，howmany/much,howlong)….?2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)true?通常是特殊疑問句或判斷句子正誤1.He/sheshouldhaveaninterestinmakingpizza.Moreimportantly,he/sheshouldhaveworkexperienceinarestaurant.Theadtellsusthat____A.Theassistantmustbeaman.B.Theassistantmusthaveonceworkedinarestaurant.C.PuccipizzahasbranchesalloverChina.事實理解題解題技巧：事實細節(jié)題一般在:1文中有原句；2找相關(guān)信息進行比對;3找近義詞或同義句;4進行簡單數(shù)學計算;在讀文章時把這些信息劃下來（二）猜測詞義詞匯題是詢問文章中出現(xiàn)的某個詞、詞組或句子含義的題型。常見的提問方式有：1)Theword…..refersto_____2)Theunderlined…..probablymeans____________1、根據(jù)定義、釋義常用的：be,becalled,mean，thatis(tosay)，inotherwords，call,beconsideredtobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define,represent,signify等詞匯或破折號或定語從句等來表示。Well,I’verelearnedit.IhopeIhavetimelefttoenjoythesuccessesofothersandtotakepleasureintheday.That’stheheartofthewatermelon.“theheartofthewatermelon”refersto__.A.thebestpartofthewatermelon.B.thewriter’sbusylifeC.thewriter’sdecisionofmakingmoney.D.thewriter’shopeofenjoyinglife.2、根據(jù)上下文情景和邏輯進行判斷Astheygoaroundtown,theyhelppeople.Whentheyfindlostchildren,theytakethechildrenhome.Iftheyseeafight,theyputanendtoitrightaway.Theyknowallthestreetsandroadswell.Oftenpeopleaskthemhowtogettoaplaceintown.Inthetext,“putanendto”means__A.stopB.cutC.killD.Fly3、根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞來猜測表示因果關(guān)系的：because,as,since,for,so,asaresult…表示同義關(guān)系的：and,like,justas…thesameas….表示反義關(guān)系的：but,however,though,although,yet,instead(of)Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground.ItisonalargeislandinthePacificOcean.TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand.Whatdoestheword“steam”meaninChinese?_____A.自來水B.大氣C.冰川D.蒸汽1.Icouldseenothingbecausethelightwasso(faint.)2.Tomisveryrude,buthisbrotherisquite(polite.)3.Sheisbeautiful,andherdaughterisas(pretty)asher.演練1Abagisusefulandtheword“bag”isuseful.Itgivesussomeinterestingphrases.Oneis“toletthecatoutofthebag.”Itisthesameas“totellasecret”Nowwhensomeoneletsoutasecret,he“l(fā)etsthecatoutofthebag.”Q:Johnletsthecatoutofthebag”meansheA.makeseveryoneknowasecret.B.thewomanboutacat.C.buysacatinthebag.D.sellsthecatinthebag.`實戰(zhàn)演練2Ifyouwanttobeamusician,youusuallyhavetomovetoanareathathasalotofjobs,suchasNewYorkCity.Thecostoflivingintheseareasisusuallyveryhigh.Thethirddisadvantageisthatyoucan’thaveastablefamilylife.Differentjobswilltakeamusiciantodifferentplaces,somostmusiciansareunabletohavearegularfamily.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stable”meaninChinese?________A.幸福的B.穩(wěn)定的C.健康的（4）根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗及普通常識猜詞1)Chinaisourmotherland.2)Kangaroomothershavepouchestocarrytheirbabies.3)It'sreallycoldoutside,andmyhandsarebothnumb.Exercises:Guessthemeaningofthenewwordsquickly.a.Wealthymeanshavinglotsofmoney.b.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.c.Mymother-in-law,myhusband’smother,wasateacher.Theboyhadahappyfamilybefore.However,afterthewar,hebecamehomeless.d.Youmuststopdreamingandfacereality.（5）根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞意在閱讀文章時，我們總會遇上一些新詞匯，有時很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞意，而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語法知識，這些問題便不難解決了。例如：前綴un-表反義詞，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等。后綴-ment表名詞，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等。后綴-er、-or或-ist表同源名詞，如calculate/calculator;visit/visitor;law/lawyer;wait/waiter;science/scientist;art/artist等。（6）通過同義詞和同義關(guān)系猜測詞義在文章中有時作者為了避免重復(fù)，或為了表達同一事物的不同種類，使用同義詞或近義詞。在這種情況下，我們就可以利用同義詞、近義詞的關(guān)系從熟悉的詞語推測不熟悉詞語的含義。通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如happyandgay,即使我們不認識gay這個詞，也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思；二是看在進一步解釋的過程中所使用的同義詞。ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus,Mars,andJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships.（7）通過反義詞和反義關(guān)系猜測詞義有時作者為了說明相反的兩件事或兩個人，使用了一些反義詞或表示反義關(guān)系的詞語來進行對比，我們可以利用已知單詞推斷未知單詞的詞義。通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but,while,however等，二是看含not的習語或表示否定意義的詞語。（8）通過舉例來猜測詞義Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindsoffruitgrowinwarmareas.（9）通過描述猜測詞義描述即作者為幫助讀者更深刻，更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway.Althoughitcannotfly,itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.（10）根據(jù)單詞的發(fā)音進行推測英語中有些單詞來自漢語，與漢語發(fā)音有些相似，另外也有一些單詞譯成漢語時采用音譯，如：sofa,coffee,typhoon,aspirin,nylon（三）推理判斷考查邏輯推理能力、語言分析能力和綜合歸納能力。下面哪些方式屬于推理判斷題？