06必修三Unit2語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法ing分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)

06必修三Unit2語(yǔ)法：語(yǔ)法精講精練動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)一、動(dòng)詞v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)v.-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示一個(gè)正在發(fā)生的或與主語(yǔ)(幾乎)同時(shí)發(fā)生的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的賓語(yǔ)。它主要用于以下兩類動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。1.感官動(dòng)詞：watch,observe,notice,see,hear,listento,lookat,smell,feel,find等。Ihearsomeonetalkinginthenextroom.我聽(tīng)到有人在隔壁談話。Wesawthesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.我們看到濕衣服上有水蒸氣冒出來(lái)。2.使役動(dòng)詞：get,have,make,keep,leave等表示“使”“讓”等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.我們讓火燒了整整一夜。Iwon’thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不會(huì)讓你在房間里跑來(lái)跑去的。Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.老板讓工人們干了一整個(gè)晚上的活?！緶剀疤崾尽縱.-ing(短語(yǔ))與省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：①v.-ing(短語(yǔ))作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，屬于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)即時(shí)描述；②省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程，屬于一種回憶性描述。IsawLindawhisperingtoDanny.我看見(jiàn)琳達(dá)正在和丹尼交頭接耳。(表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)IsawLindawhispertoDanny.我看見(jiàn)琳達(dá)和丹尼交頭接耳。(表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程)二、動(dòng)詞v.-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)v.-ing作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子，常表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、方式或表示伴隨、讓步等，并可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。動(dòng)詞ing作狀語(yǔ)的形式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式時(shí)態(tài)意義語(yǔ)態(tài)意義一般式doingbeingdone與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作(幾乎)同時(shí)發(fā)生主動(dòng)形式：與句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系被動(dòng)形式：與句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系完成式havingdonehavingbeendone明確表示先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生e.g.Thefamilysatonthesofa,watchingaTVseries.這一家人坐在沙發(fā)上，看電視劇。Beingsurroundedbymanyfans,thefilmstarhastostopforsomeminutes.因?yàn)楸灰恍┯懊园鼑俏挥靶遣坏貌煌追昼?。Havingbeentoldthathewouldbeinvitedtotheconcert,hefeelssoexcited.因?yàn)楸桓嬷麑?huì)被邀請(qǐng)去參加音樂(lè)會(huì)，他感到很高興。Havingfinishedallthehomework,theboyisplayinghappilyinthegarden.完成所有的家庭作業(yè)，那個(gè)孩子高興地在院子里玩著。1.v.-ing形式作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)可由連詞when,while等引出。Whilereading(＝Whilehewasreading)thebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.他一邊看書，一邊不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭。Whenwalkingdown(＝WhenIwaswalkingdown)thestreet,IcameacrossTom.沿街走路時(shí)，我偶然遇到了湯姆。2.v.-ing形式作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。Respectinghisfather(＝Becauseherespectedhisfather),hedidn’twanttoarguewithhim.因?yàn)樽鹬馗赣H，所以他不想和父親爭(zhēng)論。Notknowing(＝BecauseIdidn’tknow)hisaddress,Ican’tsendthisbooktohim.因?yàn)椴恢浪牡刂?，我不能把這本書寄給他。3.v.-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示意料中的結(jié)果。Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.他的父親去世了，留給他許多錢。Motherdrewthecurtainforme,blockingoutthelight.媽媽為我拉上窗簾，把光線擋在外面。4.v.-ing形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中間，表示主語(yǔ)的另一個(gè)相對(duì)次要的動(dòng)作。Theystoodthereforhalfanhourwatchingthestarsinthesky.他們?cè)谀莾赫玖税胄r(shí)，觀察著天上的星星。Thetrampstoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.那個(gè)流浪漢站在門旁，不敢說(shuō)一句話。5.動(dòng)詞ing形式作狀語(yǔ)的注意事項(xiàng)①動(dòng)詞ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)要與句子主語(yǔ)保持一致。Beingtired,helayonthesofa.(√)Beingtired,Iaskedhimtolieonthesofa.(×)②為了明確狀語(yǔ)的類型，可在其前加上相應(yīng)的連詞(如when,while,whenever,if,though,unless等)，強(qiáng)調(diào)前后動(dòng)作的同時(shí)性，也可以視為是狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。While(hewas)playingsoccer,hehurthisleftleg.Though(weare)livingfarawayfromschool,weareneverlate.③有些動(dòng)詞ing形式已經(jīng)成了習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，修飾整個(gè)句子作狀語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的有：judgingfrom/by...從...判斷；supposing...假設(shè)...；providingthat...假如...；assuming...假如...；franklyspeaking...坦率的說(shuō)...；generallyspeaking...一般來(lái)說(shuō)...；considering...考慮到...；seeingthat...鑒于...三、單句語(yǔ)法填空：1.Wewereinvitedtoattendprivateconcertunderthestars,_________(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.2.China’simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries__________(recognize)itsroleininternationalaffairs.3.Chinaisstartingresearchinto5G,__________(make)itoneofthefirstcountriestodoso.4.Whenhavetomemorizethingsforschool,Iwalkupanddownintheroom,__________(read)thenotesaloud.5.Shewassittingatthetable__________(enjoy)themealtogetherwithherfamilies.6.Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment_________(allow)morepatientstobetreated.7.LionelMessi,_________(set)therecordforthemostgoalsinayear,isconsideredthemosttalentedfootballplayerinEurope.8.Hesuddenlywokeupatmidnightwhenheheardsomeone_________(knock)athisdoor.9.Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomethingdisturbing__________(happen)aroundhishome.10.Ialwaysread,_________(use)differentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!11.Ourmathsteachergaveusafurtherexplanation,__________(make)iteasiertoworkout.12.Withtime_________(go)by,people’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionisraised.13.Frankly__________(speak),thefuelresourcesintheworldareverylimited.14.Not___________(be)therebefore,Isimplyhavenoideaaboutwheretheplaceis.15.__________(know)youareinterestedinChinesehistory,Ifeelproud.16.Hiscuriouswordsleftme___________(wonder)abouthisrealpurpose.Idon’tthinkIshouldtakethemliterally.17.Withthefamousartist___________(finish)saying“Thankyou”tothecrowd,heleftthehallquickly.18.Alicefoundhissonsleepingsoundlywiththelamp___________(burn)whenshecamehomelatefromwork.19.Somestudentswillhaveagrowingsenseoffearwiththeexamseason___________(approach)whileothersmaystayfairlycalm.20.Herheadandarmsaremissing,butyoucanimagineher___________(hold)herarmsuphigh,celebratingtheresultofanancientbattle.21.NowIspendthreeweeksoutofeverymonthtravellingandhaveover464,000fans___________(follow)meonline.22.Seenfromspace,theearth,withwater___________(cover)seventypercentofitssurface,lookslikeablueball.23.Somepsychologistssuggestthatonecouldimprovehisperformancewhenmentallyimagininghimself___________(perform)wellatsomeback.24.Sofar,thedeathtollhasclimbedtoover2,000fromadestructiveearthquakeinChina’sQinghaiProvince,withnearly200peoplestill__________(miss).25.Thissmallseasidevillageissuchaperfectplaceforholidaysthatvisitorsneverleaveit__________(feel)disappointed.26.Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,___________(allow)morepatientstobetreated.27.Lindalistenedintentlytothepianomusic,___________(lose)herselfinitsbeauty.28.__________(occupy)himselfwithroutinetasks,hehadnotimetoacpanyhischildren.29.Enoughexerciseandabalanceddietcanhelpyoudevelopahealthylifestyle,thus__________(enable)youtohavemoreenergy.30.__________(measure)aboutthreemetersinheight,Bigfoot,thegiganticapelikecreature,startedtocausepublicpanicafterbeingcapturedbycamera.31.Memoriesoftearsandlaughterscame__________(flood)backashevisitedhissecondaryschool.32.Covid19lastednearlyhalfayeararoundtheworld,__________(affect)everybodyinmanyways.33.Peoplesitunfortablyonplasticchairs,__________(look)througholdmagazines,allofwhichhavebeenreadhundredsoftimespreviously.34.Chinahasalotofbeautifulsceneryandhistoricsites,__________(attract)anumberoftouristseveryyear.35.Yesterday,PresidentXideliveredhisNewYearmessagetothewholecountry,__________(hope)thatChinawillachieveitsbeautifuldreaminthenewyear.36.___________(follow)theteacher’ssuggestion,Tomfinallyfoundawaytosettletheproblem.37.What’smore,when___________(enjoy)themeal,youneedtoavoidmakinganoise.38.Hehadawonderfulchildhood,___________(travel)withhismothertoallcornersoftheworld.39.China’s“fourverticalandfourhorizontalhighspeedrailwaynetwork”hasalmostbeenpleted,_________(make)Chinatheworld’sfirstcountrywithapletehighspeedrailnetworkinoperation.40.__________(teach)manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodotheexercises.41.Theythoughtitimportanttolookrightandleftwhen___________(cross)theroad.42.___________(make)severalimportantdecisionsbasedonemotioninsteadofreason,hefeltbitterlyregretted.43.___________(focus)ontheroleofoldersisters,thewellreceivedmovieSisterhassparkeddiscussionsonwhetherpersonalvaluesshouldbeputabovefamilyvalues.44.___________(start)intheYuanDynasty,workontheterracestookhundredsofyears,untilitspletionintheearlyQingDynasty.45.FamilieswillenjoyabigdinnerwithmooncakesonMidautumnDay,__________(admire)themoontogether.46.Inmostcases,theytendtomeetafewhourseveryweek__________(depend)ontheirschedules.47.Atthatmoment,theysawapennilessyoungman__________(wander)onthepavementoutsidetheirhouse.48.Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim__________(lie)onabench,withhiseyesfixedonakiteinthesky.49.Atonepointweweresohighthatwefoundourselves__________(cycle)throughclouds.50.Withthemidtermexamination__________(approach),shehadbutterfliesinherstomachandcouldn’tsleepwell.【答案】1.listening2.recognizing3.making4.reading5.enjoying6.allowing7.havingset8.knocking9.happening10.using11.making12.going13.speaking14.havingbeen15.Knowing16.wondering17.finishing18.burning19.approaching20.holding21.following22.covering23.performing24.missing25.feeling26.allowing27.losing28.Occupying29.enabling30.Measuring31.flooding32.affecting33.looking34.attracting35.hoping36.Following37.enjoying38.travel(l)ing39.making40.Havingbeentaught41.crossing42.Havingmade43.Focusing44.Starting45.admiring46.depending47.wandering48.lying49.cycling50.approaching高考真題回顧：1.(2023·全國(guó)I卷)NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteamerisrarelyenough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft_________(want)morenexttime.2.(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,wherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithissurroundings,”herfablebegins,___________(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyageoldfables.3.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)___________(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,Iwasamazedbythecoexistenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.4.(2022·全國(guó)I卷)___________(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.5.(2021·全國(guó)II卷)Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,_________(think)itisfood.

6.(2019·全國(guó)III卷)Onthelastdayofourweeklongstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,___________(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.7.(2019·北京卷)Nervously___________(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.8.(全國(guó)Ⅲ)TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,___________(use)twigs(樹(shù)枝)toremoveit.【答案與解析】1.【解析】wanting考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知，此處考查“l(fā)eavesb+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”，本句是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，want是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意，I與want之間是主動(dòng)的邏輯關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填wanting。2.【解析】borrowing考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞begins，所以用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。邏輯主語(yǔ)herfable與borrow之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填borrowing。3.【解析】Havingvisited考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判斷，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)形式。另外，這里是非謂語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的另一個(gè)動(dòng)作，但這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，故用ing完成式。故填havingvisited。4.【解析】Covering考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：該公園占地面積約為黃石國(guó)家公園的三倍，將成為中國(guó)首批國(guó)家公園之一。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)形式作狀語(yǔ)，空處和邏輯主語(yǔ)theGPNP為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語(yǔ)，首字母大寫。故填Covering。5.【解析】thinking考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)我得知許多海洋動(dòng)物吃塑料垃圾，以為那是食物時(shí)，我很難過(guò)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填的詞用做狀語(yǔ)，think與其邏輯主語(yǔ)manyseaanimals之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用動(dòng)詞ing形式。故填thinking。6.【解析】listening考查分詞。本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“wereinvited”，所以本題空格處動(dòng)詞listen應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。聽(tīng)音樂(lè)這個(gè)動(dòng)作是由we發(fā)出的，所以選用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。也可由and前后連接兩個(gè)并列的結(jié)構(gòu)這一規(guī)律解題，and后meetinginterestinglocals為分詞形式，故空格處填listening。7.【解析】facing考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：緊張地面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，我知道我將輕聲對(duì)自己說(shuō)兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此處是做句子的狀語(yǔ)，要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是I，與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填facing。8.【解析】using考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。第二句中已有謂語(yǔ)cooked，且無(wú)其他連詞，use與主句主語(yǔ)存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn)在分詞形式作方式狀語(yǔ)。故填using。五、語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)法填空：(1)DonRitchiewasafamousAustralianman.Fornearly50years,hesuccessfullystopped160peoplefromkilling1(they)atacliff(懸崖),withjustakindwordandasmile.Donwasarealgentleman.Hepurposelychosetoliverightacrossthestreetfromthecliff,justbecausehewantedtosavelivesof2(stranger).Hewouldwakeupeverymorningandlookoutofthewindowforanyone3(stand)tooclosetotheedgeofthecliff.Ifhesawsomeoneandthoughttheymightjump,hewould4(simple)walkoverwithasmileandsay,“IstheresomethingIcoulddotohelpyou?”Thatsoundsverysimple,5itworked.Ritchietriedtohaveatalkwiththesepeopleandendedupinvitingthembacktohishouse6teaorbreakfast.Inasituation7mostpeoplewouldturnablindeye,withsuchsimpleactionstakenbyDon,hesaved160lives.He8(give)theLocalHeroAwardinAustraliain2011.Donpassedawayattheageof85in2012.Hisstory9(touch)theheartsofallAustraliansandchallengedustorethink10itmeanstobeagoodneighbor.【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。在過(guò)去的50年里，Don用自己溫暖的語(yǔ)言和微笑阻止了160個(gè)準(zhǔn)備在懸崖自殺的人。1.themselves考查代詞。句意：在將近50年的時(shí)間里，他僅用一句親切的話和一個(gè)微笑就成功地阻止了160人在懸崖邊自殺。killoneself“自殺”，故填themselves。2.strangers考查名詞的數(shù)。根據(jù)空前l(fā)ivesof可知，此處應(yīng)使用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，本句意為“他故意選擇住在懸崖對(duì)面，只是因?yàn)樗胍饶吧说纳?。故填strangers。3.standing考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處與anyone構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故填standing。4.simply考查副詞。此處修飾動(dòng)詞walk，應(yīng)使用副詞形式。故填simply。5.but考查連詞。句意：這聽(tīng)起來(lái)很簡(jiǎn)單，但是很有效。此處前后句意存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but。6.for考查介詞。句意：Ritchie嘗試著和這些人談一談，最后邀請(qǐng)他們到他家喝茶或吃早餐。for“為了”。故填for。7.where考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。句意：在大多數(shù)人都會(huì)視而不見(jiàn)的情況下，Don采取了如此簡(jiǎn)單的行動(dòng)，拯救了160條生命。此處先行詞是situation，空處在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。8.wasgiven考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：2011年，他被授予“澳大利亞當(dāng)?shù)赜⑿郦?jiǎng)”。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，描述的又是2011年的事情，應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填wasgiven。9.touched考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他的故事觸動(dòng)了所有澳大利亞人的心，促使我們重新思考做一個(gè)好鄰居意味著什么。此處與and后的challenged為并列謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填touched。10.what考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意見(jiàn)上題解析。此處為賓語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作means的賓語(yǔ)，代指“什么”，因此應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞what引導(dǎo)。故填what。(2)A90yearoldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for1(be)Britain’soldestfulltimeemployeestillworking40hoursweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,2sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave3(final)beenacknowledgedaftercustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.4(pick)upher“LifetimeAchievementaward,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans5(retire)fromher36yearoldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon’tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IloveinghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI6(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,7becauseIwanttoGranddaughterGayleParks,31,whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness,saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,“Wedon’thaveanyideawhoputGrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall8(say)shewasshortlisted,wethoughtitwas9joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It’s10(wonder).”【解析】IreneAstbury堅(jiān)持每天朝九晚五在自己和已故丈夫開(kāi)的寵物店上班，因此而榮獲“年度女性”稱號(hào)。1.being考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。設(shè)空處用在介詞for后，做它的賓語(yǔ)，故填being。2.which考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞thepetshop，且在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，指“事物”，故填which。3.finally考查副詞。設(shè)空處在謂語(yǔ)中間，修飾動(dòng)詞，需要用所給形容詞的副詞形式。故填finally。4.Picking考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。設(shè)空處作狀語(yǔ)，且與句子主語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。另外，用在句首，注意首字母大寫。故填Picking。5.toretire考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。設(shè)空處作前面名詞plans的定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用不定式。故填toretire。6.havemade考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)后面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)overtheyears可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填havemade。7.but考查連詞。設(shè)空處與前面的not構(gòu)成not...but...(不是…而是…)結(jié)構(gòu)。故填but。8.saying考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。設(shè)空處作call的后置定語(yǔ)。名詞call與動(dòng)詞say之間為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn)在分詞saying。9.a考查冠詞。joke為可數(shù)名詞，意為“玩笑”，在此處表示泛指，故填a。10.wonderful考查形容詞作表語(yǔ)。設(shè)空處作表語(yǔ)，表示It的特征，故填wonderful。(3)InthesouthernTurkishcityofAntakya,apregnantwomanundertherubble(碎石)ofacollapsedbuilding1(pull)outtosafetybyChineseandlocalrescueteamsonThursday,threedaysafterthecatastrophicmagnitude7.7earthquakeanditsaftershocks2(strike)thecountryandnorthernSyria.Peoplewholosttheirhomeslookedfortemporaryshelterandfoodinfreezingwinterweatherandwaitedbypilesofrubble3familyandfriendsmightstilllie4(bury).ThedeathtollinTürkiye5(rise)to14,351sofar.TheChineserescueteam,consistingof82membersrushedtooneoftheworsthit6(area)inTürkiyeassoonastheylandedattheAdanainternationalairportonWednesday.7(arrive)atthescene,theChineserescuersimmediatelyjoinedtheirTurkishpartnerstocarryout8rescueplanandsavedthewoman,accordingtoZhaoYang,deputyleaderoftheChineserescueteam.TheteamsentbytheChinesegovernmentsettojointheinternationalrescueeffort.AsofmiddayThursday,10Chinesecivilianteams9placesincludingsouthChina’sShenzhenandWenzhouhavealreadydepartedfororarrivedinTürkiye10(help)withtherescuework.【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述中國(guó)救援隊(duì)援馳土耳其地震災(zāi)區(qū)的事情。1.考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：星期四，在土耳其南部城市安塔基亞，一名孕婦在倒塌的建筑廢墟下被中國(guó)和當(dāng)?shù)鼐仍?duì)救出安全地帶，三天前，災(zāi)難性的7.7級(jí)地震及其余震襲擊了該國(guó)和敘利亞北部。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這句話描述的是過(guò)去的事情，句子主語(yǔ)apregnantwoman和動(dòng)詞pull是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。主語(yǔ)是apregnantwoman，be動(dòng)詞用was。故填waspulled。2.考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：見(jiàn)第1題詳解。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這句話描述的是過(guò)去的事情，所以謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填struck。3.考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：失去家園的人們?cè)诤涞亩鞂ふ遗R時(shí)住所和食物，在成堆的廢墟旁等待，他們的家人和朋友可能仍然被埋在地下。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，familyandfriendsmightstilllie4(bury)是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞pilesofrubble在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。4.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：見(jiàn)第3題詳解。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，動(dòng)詞bury和被修飾的名詞familyandfriends是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞形式，作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。故填buried。5.考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：到目前為止，土耳其的死亡人數(shù)達(dá)到14351人。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這句話有sofar作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以謂語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是Thedeathtoll，助動(dòng)詞用has。故填hasrisen。6.考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：周三，由82名隊(duì)員組成的中國(guó)救援隊(duì)在阿達(dá)納國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)降落后，立即趕往土耳其受災(zāi)最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)之一。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里要用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示泛指。oneof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，意為“...之一”。故填areas。7.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：據(jù)中國(guó)救援隊(duì)副隊(duì)長(zhǎng)趙陽(yáng)介紹，中國(guó)救援人員抵達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)后，立即與土耳其合作伙伴一起實(shí)施了一項(xiàng)救援計(jì)劃，并救出了這名女子。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，動(dòng)詞arrive是句子主語(yǔ)theChineserescuers主動(dòng)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞joined幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，表示主動(dòng)和同時(shí)。故填A(yù)rriving。8.考查冠詞。句意：見(jiàn)第7題詳解。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里的名詞plan是表示泛指，“一個(gè)”的意思，空格后rescue的第一個(gè)音素是輔音音素，所以用a。故填a。9.考查介詞。句意：截至周四中午，來(lái)自中國(guó)南部深圳和溫州等地的10支中國(guó)民間救援隊(duì)已經(jīng)出發(fā)或抵達(dá)土耳其，協(xié)助救援工作。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里需要介詞from，意為“來(lái)自于……”。故填from。10.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：見(jiàn)第9題詳解。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里需要用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填tohelp。(4)ThecelebrationsofChineseNewYear,also1(call)ChineseSpringFestival,werebornoutoffearandmyth(神話).Legend(傳說(shuō))spokeofthewildbeastNian(whichalsoisthewordfor“year”)2appearedattheendofeachyear,3(attack)villagers.Loudnoisesandbrightlightswereused4(scare)thebeastaway,andtheChineseNewYearcelebrationswereborn.Today,theSpringFestival5(observe)withaweekofvacationinChina.MuchliketheWesternNewYear(January1st),thebiggestcelebrationisontheeveoftheholiday.TheChineseNewYear’sEvemealisthemostimportantdinneroftheyear.6(typical),familiesgatheratadesignated(指定的)relative’shousefordinner,butthesedays,moreandmorefamilieschoosetoholdNewYear’sEvedinneratarestaurant.Manyrestaurantsrequire7(reserve)monthsahead.Therearealsosomefamiliesthathire(雇用)aprofessionalcheftoecookathome.Chefsareoftenbusyrunningfromonehome8anothercookingdinnersfordifferentfamiliesonNewYear’sEve.ChineseNewYearisa15daycelebrationandeachday,manyfamiliestaketurnstoholdcelebrationsamonghomesof9(they)relatives.Thefestivitiesaredaylongandsometimes,afamilyendsupcookingtwomealsforrelatives,onceatlunch10onceatdinner.【答案】1.called2.that/which3.attacking4.toscare5.isobserved6.Typically7.reservations8.to9.their10.and【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹中國(guó)新年的慶?；顒?dòng)。1.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：中國(guó)新年的慶祝活動(dòng)，也叫中國(guó)春節(jié)，源于恐懼和神話。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，動(dòng)詞call和被修飾的名詞ChineseNewYear是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞形式，表示被動(dòng)，作后置定語(yǔ)。故填called。2.考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：傳說(shuō)野獸年（也就是“年”的意思），每年年底出現(xiàn)，攻擊村民。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞thewildbeastNian，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，用關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。3.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：見(jiàn)第2題詳解。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，動(dòng)詞attack是被修飾的名詞thewildbeastNian主動(dòng)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，表示主動(dòng)，作狀語(yǔ)。故填attacking。4.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：巨大的噪音和明亮的燈光被使用來(lái)嚇跑野獸，中國(guó)的新年慶?；顒?dòng)誕生了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里需要用動(dòng)詞不定式，beusedtodo，意為“被用來(lái)做某事”。故填toscare。5.考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：今天，中國(guó)春節(jié)被用放假一周來(lái)慶祝。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和Today可知，這句話描述的是現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，動(dòng)詞observe和句子主語(yǔ)theSpringFestival是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)是theSpringFestival，be動(dòng)詞用is。故填isobserved。6.考查副詞。句意：通常情況下，家庭會(huì)聚集在指定的親戚家里吃飯，但現(xiàn)在，越來(lái)越多的家庭選擇在餐館吃年夜飯。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里需要副詞，作狀語(yǔ)，位于句首，首字母大寫。故填Typically。7.考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：許多餐館要求提前幾個(gè)月預(yù)訂。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里需要名詞，作賓語(yǔ)，用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示泛指。故填reservations。8.考查介詞短語(yǔ)。句意：除夕夜，廚師們經(jīng)常忙于從一個(gè)家跑到另一個(gè)家，為不同的家庭烹飪晚餐。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里考查介詞短語(yǔ)from…to…，意為“從……到……”。故填to。9.考查代詞。句意：中國(guó)的新年是一個(gè)為期15天的慶?；顒?dòng)，每天，許多家庭輪流在他們的親屬家中舉行慶祝活動(dòng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里需要形容詞性物主代詞，作定語(yǔ)，修飾后面的名詞relatives。故填their。10.考查連詞。句意：慶?；顒?dòng)是一整天的，有時(shí)，一家人會(huì)為親戚做兩頓飯，一頓在午餐時(shí)，另一頓在晚餐時(shí)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，上下文onceatlunch和onceatdinner是并列關(guān)系，用連詞and。故填and。(5)Duringhislifetime(from551to479BC),Confuciussaw1(grow)disorderandinjusticeinthesociety.Duetotheproblemshesaw,hedevoted2(he)todevelopinganewsetofmoral