北京市海淀區(qū)高三英語下學(xué)期二模試題（含解析）

北京市海淀區(qū)2021屆高三英語下學(xué)期二模試題（含解析）本試卷共8頁，100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題紙上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題L5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Jeremycannolongerread,driveacarorevenrecognizefaces.Butthe20yearold,wholosthiscentralvisiontwoyearsago,can____1____hitasmallwhiteballintoaslightlylargerholefromaconsiderabledistance.JeremywasdiagnosedwithanextremelyrarediseasecalledLHON.Facedwiththeonsetofblindness,Jeremyadmitshe____2____intodepressionforacoupleofmonthsandfearedhe’dneverplaygolfagain.OnedayonTVhesawaguycryingbitterlywhohadjustlosthisfamilywhenaplanecrasheddownonhishouse.Jeremythought,“Ifthisguycanmakeitthroughthis,thenIcan____3____havingnocentralvision.”Thatbecamehismotto:“Thingscouldbe____4____.”Sosixmonthsafterlosinghissight,Jeremydecidedto____5____hisgolfclubagain.HehadplayedeverySundaysincetheageoftwelvewithhisDadLionel.Blindgolfbroughtthemevencloserbecause,unliketheregularversionofthesport,it’sa____6____game.Lionelactsashisson’ssightedcoachonthecourse.He____7____theholeandhazards（障礙）.Thenhepointsinthedirection,whileJeremyplaceshischinonhisdad’sshouldertogeta____8____ofthecorrectposition.TheyplayedtogetherandwontheWorldBlindGolfChampionship.Besides,Jeremyhasbeencollectingmoneyandraising____9____ofLHONwithsponsoredbikerides,halfmarathonsandevenskydives.“That’sthegreater_____10_____ofmydoinganything,”hetoldCNN.1.A.casually B.seriously C.successfully D.accidentally2.A.ran B.looked C.slipped D.burst3.A.avoid B.suffer C.escape D.survive4.A.funnier B.worse C.simpler D.crazier5.A.lookfor B.showoff C.pickup D.dealwith6.A.team B.class C.mind D.strength7.A.clears B.measures C.discovers D.describes8.A.sense B.sign C.view D.mark9.A.levels B.awareness C.standards D.spirit10.A.challenge B.opportunity C.potential D.purpose【答案】1.C2.C3.D4.B5.C6.A7.D8.A9.B10.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。20歲的杰里米兩年前失去了中心視力，但他可以從相當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)的地方成功地將一個(gè)小白球擊進(jìn)一個(gè)稍大一點(diǎn)的洞里。他曾一度陷入抑郁和絕望，但是在看到一個(gè)失去家人的人挺了過來之后，他重新振作起來。杰里米在父親的幫助下重新開始打高爾夫，并通過一系列活動(dòng)募捐來提高人們對(duì)LHON的認(rèn)識(shí)?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這位20歲的年輕人兩年前失去了中心視力，但他可以從相當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)的地方成功地將一個(gè)小白球擊進(jìn)一個(gè)稍大一點(diǎn)的洞里。A.casually隨意地；B.seriously嚴(yán)肅地；C.successfully成功地；D.accidentally偶然地。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可知，此處是指雖然他失去了中心視力，但是他可以從相當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)的地方成功地將一個(gè)小白球擊進(jìn)一個(gè)稍大一點(diǎn)的洞里。故選C。【2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：面對(duì)失明的威脅，杰里米承認(rèn)有幾個(gè)月他陷入了抑郁，還擔(dān)心自己再也不能打高爾夫了。A.ran運(yùn)營；B.looked看；C.slipped滑倒；D.burst爆炸。根據(jù)“fearedhe'dneverplaygolfagain”可知，此處是指他陷入了抑郁。slipinto意為“陷入”。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果這家伙能挺過來，那我沒有中心視力也能活下來。A.avoid避免；B.suffer遭受；C.escape逃跑；D.survive幸存。根據(jù)“OnedayonTVhesawaguycryingbitterlywhohadjustlosthisfamilywhenaplanecrasheddownonhishouse.”（一天，他在電視上看到一個(gè)人哭得很傷心，因?yàn)橐患茱w機(jī)墜毀在他的房子上，他剛剛失去了家人。）可知，此處是指Jeremy想如果這個(gè)人這么悲慘也能挺過來，那自己沒有中心視力也能活下來。故選D?！?題詳解】；B.worse更糟糕的；C.simpler更簡單的；D.crazier更瘋狂的。根據(jù)“Ifthisguycanmakeitthroughthis,thenIcansurvivehavingnocentralvision.”可知，此處是指總有人比自己的情況更糟。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：所以在失去視力6個(gè)月后，杰里米決定重新拿起他的高爾夫球桿。A.lookfor尋找；B.showoff炫耀；C.pickup撿起；D.dealwith處理。根據(jù)“HehadplayedeverySundaysincetheageoftwelvewithhisDadLionel.”（從12歲開始，他每個(gè)星期天都和爸爸萊昂內(nèi)爾一起打球。）可知，此處是指杰里米決定重新拿起他的高爾夫球桿。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盲人高爾夫讓他們的距離更近了，因?yàn)榕c普通的高爾夫運(yùn)動(dòng)不同，它是一項(xiàng)團(tuán)隊(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。A.team團(tuán)隊(duì)；B.class班級(jí)；C.mind精神；D.strength力量。根據(jù)“Thenhepointsinthedirection,whileJeremyplaceshischinonhisdad’sshoulder”（然后他指向那個(gè)方向，杰里米把下巴放在他爸爸的肩膀上）可知，這是一項(xiàng)團(tuán)隊(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他描述洞和障礙。A.clears清除；B.measures測量；C.discovers發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.describes描述。根據(jù)“Lionelactsashisson’ssightedcoachonthecourse.”（萊昂內(nèi)爾是他兒子在球場上視力教練。）可知，此處是指他描述洞和障礙。故選D。【8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他指向那個(gè)方向，杰里米把下巴放在他爸爸的肩膀上以感知正確的位置。A.sense感知；B.sign簽署；C.view觀察；D.mark標(biāo)記。根據(jù)“Thenhepointsinthedirection”可知，杰里米把下巴放在他爸爸的肩膀上是為了感知正確的位置。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，杰里米一直在籌集資金，并通過贊助自行車騎行、半程馬拉松甚至跳傘來提高人們對(duì)LHON的認(rèn)識(shí)。A.levels等級(jí)；B.awareness認(rèn)識(shí)；C.standards標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；D.spirit精神。根據(jù)“ofLHON”可知，此處是指提高人們對(duì)LHON的認(rèn)識(shí)。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是我做任何事的更大目的……A.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；B.opportunity機(jī)會(huì)；C.potential潛力；D.purpose目的。根據(jù)“raisingawarenessofLHON”可知，此處是指提高人們對(duì)LHON的認(rèn)識(shí)是杰里米做任何事的更大目的。故選D。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。BeijingresidentswokeuptoyellowskyonSundaymorningasnorthernChina____11____(hit)bythelargestsandstormofthedecade.Airpollutionreadingsrosetotheupperlimitof500at8a.m.,accordingtodatafromthecity'senvironmentalmonitorycenter,asvisibilitywasreducedto____12____(little)than1,000metersinpartsofthecity.Thecity'sweatherbureauadvisedresidentstostayindoorsasmuchaspossible,whileexpertsareworkingtofindout____13____thesandstormcameintobeing.【答案】11.washit/hadbeenhit/wasbeinghit12.less13.how/why【解析】【分析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講述了中國北方遭遇的一場十年來最大的沙塵暴。【11題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：周日早上，北京居民一覺醒來就看到了黃色的天空，中國北方遭遇了（正在遭遇）十年來最大的沙塵暴。此處缺乏謂語，動(dòng)詞hit意為“襲擊”，和主語northernChina構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，主語是單數(shù)，謂語也用單數(shù)形式。根據(jù)“BeijingresidentswokeuptoyellowskyonSundaymorning”可知，此處是講過去的事，可以用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；也可以表示中國北方先遭遇了沙塵暴，北京居民一覺醒來就看到了黃色的天空，即“過去的過去”，這樣應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；還可以表示中國北方正在遭遇沙塵暴，北京居民一覺醒來就看到了黃色的天空，這樣應(yīng)使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填washit/hadbeenhit/wasbeinghit。【12題詳解】考查比較級(jí)。句意：北京市環(huán)境監(jiān)測中心的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，上午8點(diǎn)，空氣污染指數(shù)升至500的上限，部分地區(qū)能見度降至不到1000米。根據(jù)than可知，此處應(yīng)用比較級(jí)。故填less?！?3題詳解】考查賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：北京市氣象局建議居民盡量待在室內(nèi)，同時(shí)專家們正在調(diào)查沙塵暴是如何（為何）形成的。介詞out后接賓語從句，根據(jù)“expertsareworkingtofindout”可知，此處是指調(diào)查沙塵暴是如何形成的或?yàn)楹涡纬傻模詰?yīng)用how或why引導(dǎo)賓語從句。故填how/why。B閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Speakingofmapapps,someusershavefoundthattheyareusefulformorethanjust____14____(find)one'sway.Oneman,SanFrancisco'sLennyMaughan,usesthemtomakeworksofart.Lennyrunseverywherehecan.____15____hegoes,hetrackshisprogressbyusinganapp,suchasMapMyRunorStrava.Asheruns,theapptracesalinealongthepathhefollows.So,tomakehisrunsmorefun,Lennydecidedtorun____16____patternsthatwouldcreateamazingimages.Todate,hehassharedrunsthathaveturnedintoimagesofaheart,aportraitofartistFridaKahlo,andmore.【答案】14.finding15.Wherever16.in【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章通過描述LennyMaughan使用地圖應(yīng)用來制作藝術(shù)品的事例來說明很多用戶發(fā)現(xiàn)地圖應(yīng)用并不只是可以用來導(dǎo)航?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：說到地圖應(yīng)用，一些用戶發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的用途不僅僅是找路。在介詞than后應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故填finding。【15題詳解】考查讓步狀語從句。句意：無論他走到哪里，他都會(huì)使用MapMyRun或Strava等應(yīng)用程序來跟蹤自己的進(jìn)展。根據(jù)“hetrackshisprogress”可知，此處是指“無論他走到哪里”。所以應(yīng)用wherever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。故填Wherever?！?6題詳解】考查介詞。句意：所以，為了讓他的跑步更有趣，萊尼決定用能創(chuàng)造驚人圖像的模式跑步。表示“以某種模式”應(yīng)用介詞in。故填in。C閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。In2016,IunpackedmyluggageatanewlyconstructedNewYorkhotelonlytorealizethatI____17____(forget)mytoothpaste.Icalledroomservice,andan____18____(energy)voiceresponded,"Someonewillbringitrightup."Twominuteslater,Iopenedmydooronlytodiscoveranobjectresemblingatrashcanonwheels,____19____(equip)withalid,alargebuttonandasmalldigitalscreen.Icautiouslypushedthebuttonandthelidopened,revealingatoothpastetube.Thedigitaldisplayflashed"Thankyou".Theroboticvisitorthenturnedaroundandrolledaway.Beforeitdisappeared,Isnappedaphoto,sendingittoafriend,____20____laterresponded,"Wow,socool!"【答案】17.hadforgotten18.energetic19.equipped20.who【解析】這是一篇記敘文。作者入住一家酒店打開行李時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己忘了帶牙膏，于是客房服務(wù)派了一個(gè)機(jī)器人來為作者送牙膏。作者覺得這很酷。【17題詳解】考查過去完成時(shí)。句意：2016年，我在紐約一家新建的酒店打開行李，才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己忘了帶牙膏。忘記帶牙膏發(fā)生在在紐約一家新建的酒店打開行李之前，所以應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故填hadforgotten?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：我叫了客房服務(wù)，一個(gè)充滿活力的聲音回應(yīng)了我……修飾名詞voice應(yīng)用形容詞。故填energetic。【19題詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：兩分鐘后，我打開門，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)類似有輪子的垃圾桶的東西，有蓋子、一個(gè)大按鈕和一個(gè)小數(shù)字屏幕。beequippedwith意為“配備有……”，為固定搭配，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語。故填equipped?！?0題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：在它消失之前，我拍了一張照片，發(fā)給了一個(gè)朋友，他后來回復(fù)說：“哇，太酷了！”非限制性定語從句中缺少主語，且先行詞為afriend，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who。故填who。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AAubreyisaFedExdriverwhohasmaderegulardeliverystopsinaruralneighborhoodinIndiana.Duringherstopsthere,shewouldseean11yearoldboy,Elijah,playingbasketballwithanoldandrustybenthoop."Itwascrazytomehowhappyhewaswiththebrokenhoop.EverytimeIsawhim,hewassojoyfulplayingbasketball.Seeinghimsohappystuckwithme,"saidAubrey.TheFedExdriverthoughtaboutElijahmanytimesoverthemonths,anddecidedthatshewantedtoblesshiminaspecialway."Ijustwouldn'tstopthinkingaboutit.Ireallywantedtogethimahoop.Hedeservesit."Aubreywentoutandboughtanewbasketballhoopandinstalleditwhenthefamilywasn'thome.Sheleftanotethatread:"Justwantedyouandyoursontohavethebesthoopthat'llgrowwithhimandallhisfriends."Shesignedherself"justoneoftheFedExdriversinthearea"."Ireadthenote,andthemomentIrealizedwhoitwasfrom,Istartedtocry,"saidColedo,Elijah'smom."WhenElijahcamehomeandIshowedittohim,hegotreallyemotional.Hegottearyeyedbuthe'san11yearoldboy,sohereallydidn'twanttoadmithewascrying,"laughedColedo."Hejustsattherefor10minutesstaringatthehoopuntilitreallytouchedhimthatshewentoutofherwaytodosomethingjustforhim."AubreyhadnoideahowmuchhersurprisegifthadimpactedElijahandhisfamily.TheyallhadgonethroughadifficultyearwithColedo'shusbandsufferingaseriousinjury,andColedocrashinghercar."It'sjustbeenahardyear.We'resohumbledandgratefulshewoulddothisforus.Thishasbeenahugethingforus,"saidColedo.WhenAubreymadeanotherFedExdeliverytotheirneighborhood,Elijahsawher,rantoherandhuggedher.ElijahalsogaveAubreyacardhemadeforher.Andheinvitedhertoplayagameofbasketballwithhimandhisyoungerbrother."Itwasalmostlikewe'dalwaysknowneachother.Ireallybondedwiththeboys,"saidAubrey."I'mjustreallyhappytheyknowthatsomeoneisoutthereforthem."21.AubreyboughtElijahanewbasketballhoopbecause________.A.shewantedtomakeafriendusingasurprisegiftB.shewaseagertodonatetochildrenintheruralareaC.shewasimpressedbyElijah'spassionforbasketballD.shethoughtElijahwasunhappywiththebrokenhoop22.Howdidthefamilyfeelwhentheysawthenewhoop?A.Touched. B.Satisfied. C.Relaxed. D.Honored.23.WhatinfluencedidAubrey'sgifthaveonElijahandhisfamily?A.IthelpedElijahachievehisdream.B.Itreducedthefamily'sfinancialburden.C.Itgavethefamilywarmthatadifficulttime.D.ItencouragedElijahtobondwiththeotherboys.【答案】21.C22.A23.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。Aubrey是一名聯(lián)邦快遞的司機(jī)，他經(jīng)常在印第安納州的一個(gè)農(nóng)村地區(qū)送貨。在那里Aubrey經(jīng)?？匆幻?1歲的男孩Elijah打籃球，籃球框又破又舊，但是他充滿激情。Aubrey被這種激情所震撼到，于是送給了他一個(gè)新的籃球框。這給Elijah的家庭帶來了困難時(shí)期的溫暖。【21題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itwascrazytomehowhappyhewaswiththebrokenhoop.EverytimeIsawhim,hewassojoyfulplayingbasketball.Seeinghimsohappystuckwithme”（我簡直不敢相信他對(duì)那個(gè)壞了的籃框那么開心。每次我看到他，他打籃球是那么快樂?？吹剿@么開心，我就受不了了）可知，Aubrey給Elijah買了一個(gè)新的籃球框，因?yàn)樗龑?duì)Elijah對(duì)籃球的熱愛印象深刻。故選C。【22題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Ireadthenote,andthemomentIrealizedwhoitwasfrom,Istartedtocry”（我看了紙條，一意識(shí)到是誰寫的，我就開始哭了）和第二句第三句“WhenElijahcamehomeandIshowedittohim,hegotreallyemotional.Hegottearyeyedbuthe'san11yearoldboy,sohereallydidn'twanttoadmithewascrying”（Elijah回家后，我給他看的時(shí)候，他很激動(dòng)。他哭了，但他是一個(gè)11歲的男孩，所以他真的不想承認(rèn)自己哭了）可知，這個(gè)家庭看到新籃框時(shí)感到很感動(dòng)。故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒第三段第三句和第四句“It'sjustbeenahardyear.We'resohumbledandgratefulshewoulddothisforus.”（這是艱難的一年。她愿意為我們做這件事，我們感到既謙卑又感激。）可知，Aubrey的禮物給了這個(gè)家庭在困難時(shí)期的溫暖。故選C。B(WAIKINGWATEREXPERIMENT)WalkingWaterScienceExperimentforKidsLet'sgetsetupforwalkingwaterwithafewquickandeasystepsthekidscandefinitelybeapartof!Weusedtesttubesforthreesetsofprimarycolors.Youcanuselessaslongasyouhaveenoughtogoaroundwithallthecolorsmixing.First,addred,yellow,andbluefoodcoloring(onecolorpertesttube)inorder.Giveeachtesttubealittlestir(攪拌)toevenlydistributethecolor.Trytoputthesameamountoffoodcoloringineachcontainer.Cutthinstripsofwhitepapertoweltofitinthetesttubes.Placethemintothetesttubes.Therewillbetwoendsineachtube.Waitandwatchwhathappens.Atthispoint,youcansetupastopwatchtomakenotesofhowlongittakesforthecolorstomeetandmix.Beforeyouinsertthestrips,youhavetheperfectopportunitytomakesomepredictionsaboutwhatwillhappen.Haveyourkidseupwithapredictionfortheirexperiment?Willthewaterwalk?Youcanstarttheconversationwith"Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenwhenweputthetowelsintothewater?"Thewholeprocessstartsprettyquicklybutitdoestakeawhileforthecolorstobegintomixwitheachother.Extendthescienceactivity:pulloutthewatercolorsanddosomecolormixingartwhileyouwait.Makesuretocheckonyourwalkingwaterscienceexperimenteveryonceinawhiletoseethechangesthatareconstantlytakingplace.Thekidswillbeamazedathowthewaterseemstofightagainstgravity!Asthepapertowelsabsorbthecoloredwater,thewatertravelsupthetowelstrip.Itmeetsupwiththeothercoloredwaterthathastraveleduptheneighboringstrip.Wheretheprimarycolorsinteract,theyturnintothesecondarycolors.Bothcolorswillcontinuetotravelaslongasthetowelfibersabsorbthewater.Theexperimentiscolorfulandsimpletodo!Plus,itisinterestingformultipleages.Olderkidsshouldbeabletosetitupallbythemselvesandcanalsouseoursciencejournalpagetorecordtheirresults.24.Whatmaterialsareneededfortheexperiment?A.Testtubes,foodcoloringandpapertowel.B.Drinkingwater,testtubesandanotebook.C.Foodcoloring,watercupsandapapercutter.D.Mixedcolors,towelstripsandfoodcontainers.25.Intheexperiment,you'reexpectedto________.A.addthreecolorsintoeachcontainerB.setupastopwatchfromthebeginningC.putcolorfultowelstripsinthetesttubesD.stireachtesttubetomakethecoloreven26.Waterinthetesttubescanwalkbecause________.A.foodcoloringhasthepowertotakeinwaterB.towelfibersabsorbwaterandallowittotravelC.waterflowsnaturallyundertheinfluenceofgravityD.colorsinteractwitheachotherandthustraveleasily【答案】24.A25.D26.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一個(gè)“行走的水”的實(shí)驗(yàn)的材料、步驟和注意事項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Weusedtesttubesforthreesetsofprimarycolors.”（我們用試管測出三組原色。），第四句“First,addred,yellow,andbluefoodcoloring(onecolorpertesttube)inorder.”（首先，依次加入紅色、黃色和藍(lán)色食用色素(每個(gè)試管一種顏色)。）和第七句“Cutthinstripsofwhitepapertoweltofitinthetesttubes.”（切出薄薄的白紙巾?xiàng)l以適應(yīng)試管。）可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)需要的材料有試管、食用色素和紙巾。故選A?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第五句“Giveeachtesttubealittlestir(攪拌)toevenlydistributethecolor.”（把每個(gè)試管稍微攪拌一下，使顏色均勻分布。）可知，在實(shí)驗(yàn)中你應(yīng)該攪拌每個(gè)試管使顏色均勻。故選D?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第五句“Asthepapertowelsabsorbthecoloredwater,thewatertravelsupthetowelstrip.”（由于紙巾吸收了有顏色的水，水沿著紙巾?xiàng)l向上流動(dòng)。）可知，試管中的水可以行走，因?yàn)槊砝w維吸收水分并允許其流動(dòng)。故選B。CFortoday’sincreasinglyinterconnectedfoodsupplychains,“efficient”iswhatit’ssupposedtobe:Eachcountryspecializesinwhatit’sbest,atandputsitontheglobalmarket.Producersandprocessorswithincountriesspecialize,too,asawaytominimizecosts.Asaresult,atleastintheory,pricesstaylow,theworldgetsfedandeveryonewins.However,thecoronaviruscrisisdemonstrateswhatiswrongwiththisapproach.Whenbarrierspreventfoodfromreachingitsmarkets,ordemandsuddenlydrops—bothofwhicharehappeningnow—thesystemfallsapart.Specializationofthefoodsystemmakesithardtoshiftintodifferentmarketswhendisruptionsarise.Belgium,aleadingexporterofpotatoes,lostsalesnotonlytolocalrestaurantsbutalsotoothercountriesbecauseoflockdowns（封鎖）.AtleasttheBelgianscantrytoeatthepotatoesathome.Thatstrategywon'tworkforeverycrop:Ghana,theworld’stopcocoaexporter,lostmarketswhenpeoplestalledfocusingonbuyingessentialitemsinsteadofchocolate.ThelossinexportineinAfricamoregenerallycouldhaveahugeimpactifthepandemiccontinues,asmanycountriesthererelyheavilyonimportedwheatandrice.Thepricesofthesegrainshavesoarednotonlybecauseofrisingdemandforthesegrainsduringthecrisis,butalsobecauseafewcountries—includingRussiaandVietnam—imposedexportrestrictionsoutoffearthatsendingfoodabroadwouldleadtohigherpricesathome.Concentratedmarketsdominatedbyjustahandfulofpaniesheightenfoodsystemfragility.Forexample,justthreemeatpackingplantsprocessover95percentofCanada’sbeefandnearlyallofitsbeefexports.Now,thosemeatprocessingplantshavehadtotemporarilyshutdownbecauseofoutbreaksofCOVID19amongworkers.Seeingthespoiledproductsacrosstheworldshouldforceallofustorethinkour“efficient”foodsupplies.Weneedtorejuvenate（使恢復(fù)活力）localandregionalfoodsystemstoreducethevulnerabilitiesthatewithbeingtooreliantonimportedandcorporatedominatedfoods.Thisdoesn’tmeancuttingoffalltradeorabolishingallpackagedfoods,butitdoesmeanbuildingdiversity,andincreasingopportunitiesforsmallandmediumscaleenterprisestoflourishinshorter,moresustainablefoodsupplychainsthatareclosertohome.Oneplacetostartisforgovernmentstoshifttheirsupportfromthelargescale,specializedandexportorientedfoodsystemtobuildinginfrastructureformorediverselocalfoodsystems.Aroundtheworld,smallscaleandorganicproducershavebeenoverwhelmedwiththesurgeininterestfromcustomerswhowanttobuydirectlyfromfarmersduringthecrisis.Buttheseproducersoftenlacktheinfrastructuretomeetthatdemand.Asgovernmentsaroundtheworldpassstimuluspackagestoaddressthecrisis,buildingmorediverseandlocalizedfoodsystemsshouldbeanobviousinclusion.27.Intheory,specializationofthefoodsystem________.A.adaptstochangesefficiently B.balancessupplyanddemandC.focusesonessentialitems D.reducescostsofproduction28.Theunderlinedword“fragility”inParagraph5means________.A.weakness B.diversityC.unfairness D.plexity29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Afewcountriesrestrictexportstostabilizelocalfoodprices.B.GrainpricesriseduetoAfrica’sdependenceonimportation.C.GhanamightbelessaffectedbylockdownsthanBelgiumwas.D.Packagedfoodconsumptionshouldbeencouragedtoaddressthecrisis.30.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto________.A.exposefoodsecurityissuesduringthecrisisB.advocateestablishingdiverselocalfoodsystemsC.discussthedevelopmentofasustainableeconomyD.provetheimportanceofsoundgovernmentpolicies【答案】27.D28.A29.A30.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章講述了，從理論上講，糧食系統(tǒng)的專業(yè)化降低了生產(chǎn)成本，但新冠肺炎疫情的爆發(fā)暴露了這種方法的問題，文章通過對(duì)實(shí)例的討論表明建立多樣化的地方食品體系勢在必行?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Producersandprocessorswithincountriesspecialize,too,asawaytominimizecosts.”（各國的生產(chǎn)商和加工者也進(jìn)行專業(yè)化，以盡量降低成本。）可知，從理論上講，糧食系統(tǒng)的專業(yè)化降低了生產(chǎn)成本。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“Forexample,justthreemeatpackingplantsprocessover95percentofCanada’sbeefandnearlyallofitsbeefexports.”（例如，僅三家肉類加工廠就加工了加拿大95%以上的牛肉和幾乎所有的牛肉出口。），第三句“Now,thosemeatprocessingplantshavehadtotemporarilyshutdownbecauseofoutbreaksofCOVID19amongworkers.”（現(xiàn)在，由于工人中爆發(fā)了COVID19病毒，這些肉類加工廠不得不暫時(shí)關(guān)閉。）和第六段第二句“Weneedtorejuvenate（使恢復(fù)活力）localandregionalfoodsystemstoreducethevulnerabilitiesthatewithbeingtooreliantonimportedandcorporatedominatedfoods.”（我們需要振興地方和區(qū)域食品體系，以減少過于依賴進(jìn)口和企業(yè)主導(dǎo)的食品帶來的脆弱性。）可知，此處是指由少數(shù)幾家公司主導(dǎo)的集中市場加劇了食品體系的脆弱性。所以fragility意為“脆弱”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Thepricesofthesegrainshavesoarednotonlybecauseofrisingdemandforthesegrainsduringthecrisis,butalsobecauseafewcountries—includingRussiaandVietnam—imposedexportrestrictionsoutoffearthatsendingfoodabroadwouldleadtohigherpricesathome.”（這些糧食的價(jià)格飆升，不僅是因?yàn)槲C(jī)期間對(duì)這些糧食的需求不斷上升，還因?yàn)榘ǘ砹_斯和越南在內(nèi)的一些國家，由于擔(dān)心把糧食出口到國外會(huì)導(dǎo)致國內(nèi)價(jià)格上漲，實(shí)施了出口限制。）可知，少數(shù)國家限制糧食出口以穩(wěn)定當(dāng)?shù)厥称穬r(jià)格。故選A項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Oneplacetostartisforgovernmentstoshifttheirsupportfromthelargescale,specializedandexportorientedfoodsystemtobuildinginfrastructureformorediverselocalfoodsystems.”（首先，政府將其支持從大規(guī)模、專門化和出口導(dǎo)向的糧食系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)向?yàn)楦鄻踊牡胤郊Z食系統(tǒng)建設(shè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。）和最后一句“Asgovernmentsaroundtheworldpassstimuluspackagestoaddressthecrisis,buildingmorediverseandlocalizedfoodsystemsshouldbeanobviousinclusion.”（隨著世界各國政府通過刺激方案來應(yīng)對(duì)危機(jī)，建立更加多樣化和地方化的食品體系顯然應(yīng)該包括在內(nèi)。）可知，文章的主要目的是倡導(dǎo)建立多樣化的地方食品體系。故選B項(xiàng)。DEveryday,itseemsthatsomenewalgorithm(算法)enablesputerstodiagnoseadiseasewithunprecedentedaccuracy,renewingpredictionsthatputer'swillsoonreplacedoctors.Whatifputerscouldreplacepatientsaswell?Ifvirtualhumanscouldhavereplacedrealpeopleinsomestagesofacoronavirusvaccinetrial,itcouldhavespeddevelopmentofapreventivetoolandsloweddownthepandemic.Similarly,potentialvaccinesthatweren'tlikelytoworkcouldhavebeenidentifiedearly,reducingtrialcostsandavoidingtestingpoorvaccinecandidatesonlivingvolunteers.Thesearesomeofthebenefitsof“insilicomedicine”,orthetestingofdrugsandtreatmentsonvirtualorgansorbodysystemstopredicthowarealpersonwillrespondtothetherapies.Themodelingbeginsbyfeedinganatomicaldatadrawnfromnoninvasive(非侵入式)highresolutionimagingofanindividual'sactualorganintoaplexmathematicalmodelofthemechanismsthatgovernthatorgan'sfunction.Algorithmsrunningonpowerfulputersresolvetheresultingequationsandunknowns,generatingavirtualorganthatlooksandbehavesliketherealthing.Insilicoclinicaltrialsarealreadyunderwaytoanextent.HeartFlowAnalysis,forinstance,enablesclinicianstoidentifyCAD(冠心病)basedonCTimagesofapatient'sheart.TheHeartFlowsystemusestheseimagestoconstructafluiddynamicmodelofthebloodrunningthroughthecoronarybloodvessels,therebyidentifyingabnormalconditionsandtheirseverity.Withoutthistechnology,doctorswouldneedtoperformaninvasiveoperationtodecidewhetherandhowtointervene.Experimentingondigitalmodelsofindividualpatientscanalsohelppersonalizetherapyforanynumberofconditionsandisalreadyusedindiabetescare.Thephilosophybehindinsilicomedicineisnotnew.Theabilitytocreateandsimulatetheperformanceofanobjectunderhundredsofoperatingconditionshasbeenacornerstoneofengineeringfordecades,suchasfordesigningelectroniccircuits,airplanesandbuildings.Variousobstaclesremaintoitswidespreadimplementationinmedicalresearchanddevelopment.Thepredictivepowerandreliabilityofthistechnologymustbeconfirmed,andthatwillrequireseveraladvances.Thoseincludethegenerationofhighqualitymedicaldatabasesfromalarge,ethnicallydiversepatientbasethathasbothwomenandmen;improvementofmathematicalmodelstoaccountforthemanyinteractingprocessesinthebody;andfurthermodificationofAlmethodsthatweredevelopedmainlyforputerbasedspeechandimagerecognitionandneedtobeextendedtoprovidebiologicalinsights.InrecentyearsAmericanandEuropeanregulatorshaveapprovedsomemercialusesofputerbaseddiagnostics,butmeetingregulatorydemandsrequiresconsiderabletimeandmoney.Creatingdemandfortheseputerbaseddiagnostictoolsischallengingaswell.Insilicomedicinemustbeabletodelivercosteffectivevalueforpatients,cliniciansandhealthcareorganizationstoacceleratetheiradoptionofthetechnology.31.Accordingtothetext,“insilicomedicine”mighthelp________.A.discoverthecauseofanillnessB.quickenthecreationofnewmedicineC.recognizethesymptomsofadiseaseearlierDavoidincludingunhealthyvolunteersintrials32.WecanlearnfromthetextthatHeartFlowAnalysis________.A.workseffectivelyinCADtreatmentB.offerspersonalizedtherapiestopatientsC.reducesthechancesofinvasiveoperationsD.buildsmodelsafteridentifyingabnormalconditions33.Accordingtotheauthor,furtherapplicationof“insilicomedicine”requires________.A.moneyandtimefromtheregulatorsB.replacementofoldmathematicalmodelsC.moreproofofitseffectivenessanddependabilityD.progressinspeechandimagerecognitiontechnology34.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.LookingtoAltoEndExperimentalStudyB.InSilicoMedicineSavedMillionsofLivesC.ExploringtheFutureofAlgorithminMedicineD.VirtualPatientsCouldRevolutionizeMedicine【答案】31.B32.C33.C34.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)。在這項(xiàng)技術(shù)中，醫(yī)生可以對(duì)虛擬病人進(jìn)行治療測試，從而使得治療手段更加安全有效?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thesearesomeofthebenefitsof“insilicomedicine”,orthetestingofdrugsandtreatmentsonvirtualorgansorbodysystemstopredicthowarealpersonwillrespondtothetherapies.（這些是“電子醫(yī)學(xué)”的一些好處，也就是在虛擬器官或身體系統(tǒng)上測試藥物和治療方法，以預(yù)測一個(gè)真實(shí)的人對(duì)治療的反應(yīng)。）”可知:“insilicomedicine”指的是在虛擬器官或身體系統(tǒng)上測試藥物和治療，以預(yù)測一個(gè)真實(shí)的人對(duì)治療的反應(yīng)。結(jié)合常識(shí)可推知，有效的藥物和治療測試能夠幫助加快新藥的開發(fā)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“TheHeartFlowsystemusestheseimagestoconstructafluiddynamicmodelofthebloodrunningthroughthecoronarybloodvessels,therebyidentifyingabnormalconditionsandtheirseverity.Withoutthistechnology,doctorswouldneedtoperformaninvasiveoperationtodecidewhetherandhowtointervene.（心臟血流系統(tǒng)利用這些圖像來構(gòu)建流經(jīng)冠狀動(dòng)脈血管的血液的流體動(dòng)力學(xué)模型，從而識(shí)別異常情況及其嚴(yán)重程度。如果沒有這項(xiàng)技術(shù)，醫(yī)生將需要進(jìn)行侵入性手術(shù)來決定是否以及如何進(jìn)行干預(yù)。）”可知，心臟血流分析系統(tǒng)減少了侵入性手術(shù)的幾率。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Thepredictivepowerandreliabilityofthistechnologymustbeconfirmed,andthatwillrequireseveraladvances.（這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的預(yù)測能力和可靠性必須得到確認(rèn)，這需要進(jìn)一步的研究。）”可知，為了進(jìn)一步的應(yīng)用，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的預(yù)測能力和可靠性必須得到確認(rèn)?！癳ffectiveness”與“predictivepower”是同義替換；“dependability”與“reliability”是同義替換。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)。在這項(xiàng)技術(shù)中，醫(yī)生可以對(duì)虛擬病人進(jìn)行治療測試，從而使得治療手段更加安全有效。D選項(xiàng)“虛擬病人可以革新醫(yī)學(xué)”符合文意，最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhatAretheRootsofYourSelfEsteem?Selfesteemisaperson'ssubjectiveassessmentofhisorherworthtohimselforherself.Selfesteemcoversvariousbeliefsaboutoneself(suchas'Tmafailure"and"I'mbeautiful")aswellasphysiologicalstates,includingsadness,joy,andshame.Themorewebelievethatweareworthyofhappinessandgoodthingsinlife,themoreselffulfilledwewillbe.Whenwedon'tbelievethatweareworthyofthesethings,ourabilitytoenjoythemcansuffer.____35____Healthyselfesteemasanadultcanbeagiftgiveninyourchildhood.Itisablessingthatmostpeopleoverlook.Therearesomanywaysadultswithhighselfesteemweresupportedaschildrenthatresultedinthemhavinghighselfesteem.Forinstance,theywerepraisedforwhattheyhadachieved.____36____Theylikelyexperiencedaffectionandweregivenenoughattention.Itisalsopossiblethattheyexcelledinstudiesorinsportsandwereadmiredforitbype