備考2025屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時提能第一部分過透教材Unit1ScienceandScientists新人教版選擇性必修第二冊

Unit1ScienceandScientists一、閱讀理解AScientistsresearchingclimatechangeinAntarcticaarestudyingpenguinsinanefforttobetterunderstandthearea’senvironmentalhealth.They’remeasuringthegrowthanddevelopmentofthepenguinpopulationontheeasternsideoftheAntarcticPeninsula."Wearecountingpenguinneststounderstandhowmanypenguinsareinacolony（聚居地），producingyounganimalseveryyear，andwhetherthatnumberisgoingupordownwiththeenvironmentalconditions，"saidAlexBorowicz，anecologyresearcheratNewYork’sStonyBrookUniversity.Theworkisnoteasyforclimateresearchersintheicy，farawayreachesofAntarctica.Butpenguinsareeasiertofollowthansomeotherkindsofanimals—theynestonland.Andtheirblackbodiesandwastedroppingscanalsobeidentifiedagainstthearea’swhitebackground.MichaelWethington，anotherresearcherfromStonyBrook，toldReutersthepenguinpopulationcanrepresentoverallclimateconditionsandthehealthofthearea’swholeecosystem.Theresearcherssaycountsofindividualpenguinscanbecombinedwithdatafromsatelliteimagestogetamorecompletepictureofhowtheanimalsareprogressing.Gentoopenguinspreferopenwaterwithoutbrokenpiecesoficefloatingaround.SowhentemperaturesontheAntarcticPeninsulabeganrisingduringthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury，gentoopopulationsmovedsouth."Gentoopenguinsdon’tlikeseaice，"DavidAinley，abiologistwhohasbeenstudyingpenguinsformorethan50years，toldReuters."Theymostlysearchforfoodoverthecontinentalshelf（大陸架）anddon’tgofarouttosea."Asseaicehasdecreasedalongthewesternsideofthepeninsula，gentoosseemtohavegotusedtothechangedconditions.ButthosesameconditionshavebeenworsefortheAdéliepenguinspecies.Thisisbecausetheydependonseaiceforfeedingandreproduction（繁殖）."WhenwefindAdéliepenguins，wetypicallyknowseaiceisnearby，"Wethingtonsaid.Headdedthatwheneverresearchersseeseaicedecreasingordisappearing，theyalsoseeAdéliepenguinpopulationsdropsharply.氣候變更始終以來都是人們普遍關(guān)注的問題?？茖W(xué)家從未放松對氣候變更的探討。一些科學(xué)家通過對南極洲企鵝進(jìn)行視察來探討南極洲的氣候變更。1.Whydidtheresearcherschoosepenguinsastheirresearchsubject？A.Becausetheircolonyisingoodcondition.B.BecauseAntarcticahasalargepopulationofpenguins.C.Becausetheyareeasiertofollowandidentifiedthanotheranimals.D.Becausetheirnumberchangessharplywiththeenvironmentalconditions.解析C微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由其次段中的"Butpenguinsareeasiertofollowthansomeotherkindsofanimals—theynestonland.Andtheirblackbodiesandwastedroppingscanalsobeidentifiedagainstthearea’swhitebackground"可知，探討人員之所以選擇企鵝是因為它們更易于跟蹤和辨別，故本題選C項。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"picture"inPara.4probablymean？A.Photo. B.Future.C.Prediction. D.Situation.解析D詞義揣測題。結(jié)合關(guān)鍵性信息countsofindividualpenguins，datafromsatelliteimages，theanimalsareprogressing以及常識我們不難推知，探討人員通過不同手段收集有關(guān)企鵝的各種信息，無非是想對企鵝這一動物族群的"發(fā)展?fàn)顩r"有一個更為全面的了解，那么picture在意義上與situation最為接近，故本題選D項。3.WhatcanweinferaboutAdéliepenguinsfromthelastparagraph？A.Theyfeedoniceandbringuptheirbabiesonicetoo.B.Theycompeteforfoodandspacewithgentoopenguins.C.Theyareresponsibleforthedecreaseordisappearanceofice.D.Theywon’tliveinthewestoftheAntarcticPeninsulaingreatnumbers.解析D推理推斷題。由"Thisisbecausetheydependonseaiceforfeedingandreproduction（繁殖）"可知，Adéliepenguins對海冰依靠性很強(qiáng)。再由"Asseaicehasdecreasedalongthewesternsideofthepeninsula，gentoosseemtohavegotusedtothechangedconditions.ButthosesameconditionshavebeenworsefortheAdéliepenguinspecies"可知，南極半島西側(cè)海冰數(shù)量削減，那里的環(huán)境條件自然不會適合Adéliepenguins大量生存繁衍。綜上可知，本題選D項。4.Whichisthebesttitleforthistext？A.ClimateChangeHasPutPenguinsinDangerB.ScientistsUsePenguinstoStudyAntarcticClimateChangeC.ThePresentLivingConditionsforPenguinsinAntarcticaD.SeaIceHasDifferentInfluencesonGentooPenguinsandAdéliePenguins解析B標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文我們不難發(fā)覺，文章首句是整篇文章的主題句，指明白文章的主要內(nèi)容：科學(xué)家借助企鵝來探討南極洲的氣候變更，故B項做文章的標(biāo)題最佳。B[科技創(chuàng)新/2024湖北武漢部分學(xué)校調(diào)研]Personalizedmedicinechangesconventionalmedicine，whichtypicallyoffersblanketrecommendationsandofferstreatmentsdesignedtohelpmorepeoplethantheyharmbutthatmightnotworkforyou.Theapproachrecognizesweeachpossessuniquecharacteristics，andthattheyhaveanoutsizeimpactonourhealth.Aroundtheworld，researchersarecreatingprecisiontoolsunimaginablejustadecadeago：superfastDNAsequencing（測序），tissueengineering，cellreprogramming，geneediting，andmore.Thescienceandtechnologysoonwillmakeitpossibletopredictyourriskofcancer，heartdisease，andcountlessotherillnessesyearsbeforeyougetsick.Theworkalsooffersprospectsforchanginggenesinremovingsomediseases.Lastspring，researchersattheNationalCancerInstitutereportedthedramaticrecoveryofawomanwithbreastcancer，JudyPerkins.Theteam，ledbyStevenRosenberg，animmune（免疫的）treatmentpioneer，hadsequencedhercancercells’DNAtoanalyzethechangesinthegeneticstructure.Theteamalsoextractedasamplingofimmunecellsandtestedthemtoseewhichonesrecognizedhercancercells’geneticfaults.ThescientistsreproducedthewinningimmunecellsbythebillionsandputthemintoPerkinstoattackhercancercells.Morethantwoyearslater，Perkins，aretiredengineerfromFlorida，showsnosignsofcancer.Thirtyyearsago，scientiststhoughtthatitwouldbeimpossibletounderstandourgeneticrulesandsequencethe3.2billionpairsofdifferentelementsinourDNA."Itwaslikeyouweretalkingfairytales，"RazelleKurzrocksaid."Theconventionalwisdomwasthatitwouldneverhappen.Never！Andthenin2003，neverwasover."IttooktheHumanGenomeProject13years，roughlyonebilliondollars，andscientistsfromsixcountriestosequencethefirstdraftofthehumangenome.Todaysequencingcostsaboutathousanddollars.Thelatestmachinescanproducetheresultsinaday.Thetechnology，combinedwithadvancedcellanalysis，clarifiestheastonishingbiochemicalvariationsthatmakeeveryhumanbodyunique.特性化醫(yī)療正在變更常規(guī)醫(yī)療，基因測序技術(shù)的應(yīng)用便是其詳細(xì)表現(xiàn)?！驹~語積累】personalizedadj.為某人特制（或特設(shè)）的prospectn.可能性，希望；預(yù)期，展望；前景samplingn.抽樣，取樣【熟詞生義】blanket常用義：n.毯子；毛毯文中義：adj.包括全部情形（或人員）的，總括的，綜合的1.Whatcanweknowaboutpersonalizedmedicine？A.Ithasemergedadecadebefore.B.Itoffersblanketrecommendations.C.Itusesgeneticinformationtohelppatients.D.Itadministerstreatmentintendedformostpeople.解析C微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由其次段第一句和第三段的例子可知，特性化醫(yī)療利用基因信息幫助病人，故選C項。2.Whichbestdescribesthoseprecisiontools？A.Promising.B.Highlyrisky.C.Fruitless.D.Strictlyconfidential.解析A推理推斷題。由其次段中的"Thescienceandtechnologysoon...inremovingsomediseases"可推知，精密工具很有前景，故選A項。3.WhathappenedintheprocessoftreatingJudyPerkins’breastcancer？A.Sequencingherimmunecells.B.Reprogramminghercancercells.C.Analysisofherlifestylechanges.D.Identificationofcancer-fightingcells.解析D微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的"Theteamalso...testedthemtoseewhichonesrecognizedhercancercells’geneticfaults...putthemintoPerkinstoattackhercancercells"可知，探討人員確認(rèn)了抗癌細(xì)胞，故選D項。4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellusaboutsequencing？A.Itsrecentadvances.B.Itswideapplications.C.Itsmajordisadvantages.D.Itsattractiveprospects.解析A段落大意題。由最終一段中今昔狀況的對比可以看出，本段主要講了基因測序的最新進(jìn)展，故選A項。二、完形填空[2024河北滄州質(zhì)量檢測]MawsonwasanAustralianexplorerandscientistwhoexploredtheAntarcticwithateamoffellowadventurersin1912.Histravelsinthefrozencontinentbroughthimworldwide1.InDecemberofthatyear，Mawsonandtwoother2leftthemainbaseatCommonwealthBay，3a300-mileexplorationintothecentralpartofthecontinenttogatherscientificdataandsamples.4followed.Oneofthemen，ayoungBritishsoldiernamedBelgraveNinnis，5downanopencrackonasledge，alongwithseveraloftheirbestdogsandmanyoftheteam’ssupplies，dead.Forseveralweeks，thetwoothers，6withscurvy（壞血病）andother7，struggledtoreturntocamp，keepinglivingfirstonthe8dogs，thenonstarvationfood.9，XavierMertz，aSwissmountaineerandskiingchampion，diedfromexhaustion，starvationandpossiblepoisonousnessfromeatingdogs’livers.10toreturnwiththeresearchdata，Mawson11theelementsfor30days.Finallyhereturnedtothe12inFebruaryof1913，extremelythin，frost-bittenandexhausted—onlyto13hehadmissedtheshiprescuingtherestofthe14byhours.Mawsonwasregardedasasurvivorhero.Forhisachievementsasanexplorerandscientist，hewasknighted（封爵）in1914.Inadditiontohisother15，Mawsoneditedandcontributedtothe22-volumeReportsofAustralasianAntarcticExpeditions.本文是一篇記敘文，主要講解并描述了Mawson和另外兩名探險者進(jìn)行南極大陸中部探險時遇險，Mawson掙扎著生存下來，并將探討數(shù)據(jù)勝利帶回的故事。1.A.praise B.trustC.worry D.criticism解析A由"Mawsonwasregardedasasurvivorhero.Forhisachievementsasanexplorerandscientist，hewasknighted（封爵）in1914"可知，Mawson的探險受到了世界的贊譽(yù)，故選A。2.A.celebrities B.explorersC.athletes D.astronomers解析B由"MawsonwasanAustralianexplorerandscientistwhoexploredtheAntarcticwithateamoffellowadventuresin1912"可知，本題選B。3.A.puttingoff B.showingoffC.kickingoff D.lettingoff解析C此處說的是起先了對南極大陸中部的探究，故選C。4.A.Wonders B.BonusesC.Fortune D.Tragedy解析D由"...5downanopencrackonasledge，alongwithseveraloftheirbestdogsandmanyoftheteam’ssupplies，dead.Forseveralweeks，thetwoothers6withscurvy（壞血?。?.."可知，起先探究之行后災(zāi)難隨之而來，故選D。5.A.took B.fellC.looked D.wandered解析BBelgraveNinns掉進(jìn)了一個裂縫中，故選B。6.A.adjusted B.circulatedC.infected D.confused解析C另外兩名感染了壞血病和其他疾病的人掙扎著回營地，他們先靠剩下的狗生活，然后靠抗饑餓的食物活著，故選C。7.A.cures B.disabilitiesC.errors D.illnesses解析D參見上題解析。illness疾病。8.A.remaining B.wildC.fierce D.hunting解析A參見第6題解析。remaining剩下的。9.A.Ultimately B.NeverthelessC.Temporarily D.Meanwhile解析A此處說的是"最終來自瑞士的XavierMertz死于乏累、饑餓……"，故選A。10.A.Discouraged B.RelievedC.Determined D.Frightened解析CMawson決心帶著探討數(shù)據(jù)回去，故選C。11.A.combined B.battledC.contained D.introduced解析BMawson決心帶著探討數(shù)據(jù)回去，與惡劣的天氣抗?fàn)幜?0天，故選B。12.A.center B.normalC.base D.campus解析C最終，他在1913年2月回到基地（base）——骨瘦如柴、凍傷滿布且乏累不堪——但卻發(fā)覺（discover）錯過了營救其他成員（crew）的船好幾個小時。13.A.predict B.discoverC.complain D.explain解析B參見上題解析。14.A.passengers B.witnessesC.rescuers D.crew解析D參見第12題解析。15.A.achievements B.referencesC.services D.subjects解析A所填詞指的是Mawson取得的成就，故選A。三、語法填空[科技創(chuàng)新/2024新疆烏魯木齊一模]Overthepastfewyears，scientists1（develop）anewartificialintelligencetechnologythatcandetectwhethersomeoneislyingthroughanalyzingthemusclesinhisface.Patches（貼片）placedonaperson’sfacedetectmuscleactivityandthenthemachinelearningtechnologyisused.Themachineisable2（calculate）whetherornotthepersonistellinglies.3（invent）byYaelHaneinatTelAvivUniversityinIsrael，themachineshowedanimpressivesuccessrate：73percent，implyingitcancatchliarswithease.Howwouldourfacialexpressionsgive4ourlies？AccordingtoresearchersfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbia，Canada，someofthemusclesinourfac