新教材2024版高中英語Unit1ScienceFictionSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage學(xué)生用書新人教版選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

SectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage每/日/金/句：Scienceisendless,itisanessentialmystery.科學(xué)是永無止境的，它恒久都是個(gè)謎。語言基礎(chǔ)集釋1(教材原句)ona...basis依據(jù)；以……的方式(基準(zhǔn))(1)onaregularbasis例行地；有規(guī)律地；定期地onadailyorweeklybasis每天或每周onthebasisof以……為基礎(chǔ)(2)base...on/upon把……置于……基礎(chǔ)之上bebasedon/upon以……為基礎(chǔ)/依據(jù)[佳句]Iamsavingmoneyonaregularbasiswiththeaimofbuyingahouseofmyown.我正在定期存錢，目的是買一套屬于我自己的房子。[練通]——單句語法填空①Therestaurant________(base)ontrust,anditisworkingallright.②________(base)ontheratings,Iboughtmybelovedbackpack，sawinterestingfilmsandtasteddeliciousfoods.③Onthe________(base)ofthesefacts,wecandrawtheconclusionthatheisguilty.[寫美]——應(yīng)用文佳句④他每天騎自行車上班，這有利于強(qiáng)身健體。He________________________，whichisbeneficialtobuilduphisstrength.2(教材原句)Itwouldnotbesurprisingifwefounditdifficulttodistinguishbetweenrealityandsciencefictioninthefuture.在將來，假如我們發(fā)覺很難區(qū)分現(xiàn)實(shí)和科幻小說，那也不足為奇?！騞istinguishvi.&vt.區(qū)分；辨別(1)distinguishAfromB=distinguishbetweenAandB把A和B區(qū)分開distinguishoneself(as)(作為……)使自己揚(yáng)名(2)distinguishedadj.卓越的；受人敬重的[佳句]Youshouldlearntodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.=Youshouldlearntodistinguishrightfromwrong.你應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)明辨是非。[練通]——單句語法填空①Thetwinsaresomuchalikethatitisimpossibletodistinguishone________theother.②Confuciuswasa________(distinguish)educatorandphilosopherinChinesehistory.[寫美]——詞匯升級(jí)③Famousforitsattractivescenery,Hangzhouwitnesseslargenumbersoftouristseveryyear.(舉薦信)→________________itsattractivescenery,Hangzhouwitnesseslargenumbersoftouristseveryyear.語法專項(xiàng)突破復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)[自主感知]①ItwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarry'swife，Claire.②Larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn'tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.③Nowshewasbeinglookedafterbyarobotthatlookedsohumananditwasdisturbing.④Clairethoughtitwasridiculousthatshewasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot...⑤Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops...⑥Howawfultobediscoveredbyher，Clairethought.⑦Bythattime，Tonyexpectedthatthehouse，whichwasbeingcompletelytransformed，wouldbeready.[我的發(fā)覺]1．以上句子中都運(yùn)用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)，句①為________的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；句③、④、⑦為________的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；句⑤為________的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。2．句②和句⑥為________的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，句②中的tobeharmed作allow的________，而句⑥中的tobediscovered作________。[語法規(guī)則]考點(diǎn)一各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式項(xiàng)目一般時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehas/havebeendone過去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone將來shall/willbedone/shall/willhavebeen〖〗done①Thechildrenareaskedtocleantheirroomeveryday.孩子們被要求每天打掃一次房間。(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài))②Theworkwillhavebeenfinishedbytheendofnextmonth.到下個(gè)月底前這項(xiàng)工作將會(huì)完成。(將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài))③Manyanimalsarebeingkilledandtheirhabitatsarebeingdamaged.很多動(dòng)物正在被殺害，而且它們的棲息地正在遭到破壞。(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài))④Ireceivedthesadnewsthathehadbeenkilledinaterribleaccident.我得知了這個(gè)不幸的消息，說他在一場可怕的事故中喪生。(過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài))[巧學(xué)活用1]——單句語法填空①M(fèi)ay21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,which____________(name)officiallybytheUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2024.②Weareconfidentthattheenvironment____________(improve)byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.③Itisthefirsttimethattheactress'sperformance____________(recognize)bythedirector.④Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar____________(repair)atthegarage.⑤Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane____________(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.考點(diǎn)二運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)留意的幾個(gè)問題1．否定詞not的位置：在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。Hewasextremelydisappointedtohearthathewouldnotbegivenadoctor'sdegree.聽到不會(huì)獲得博士學(xué)位，他懊喪到了極點(diǎn)。2．主動(dòng)句的謂語動(dòng)詞帶有復(fù)合賓語時(shí)，應(yīng)將賓語變成被動(dòng)句的主語，而將賓語補(bǔ)足語保留不動(dòng)(這時(shí)的賓語補(bǔ)足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語)。(1)Wesawhimsittingtherewithoutdoinganything.→Hewasseensittingtherewithoutdoinganything.我們望見他坐在那兒，什么也沒做。(2)Hiswordsmademethrowup.→Iwasmadetothrowupbyhiswords.他的話令我作嘔。[名師指津]在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，make，hear，see等詞后接不定式時(shí)要省略to，但轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，則不能省略to。3．帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞作謂語的主動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可將表示物的(干脆)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，用for或to引出表示人的(間接)賓語，或?qū)⒈硎救说?間接)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。Myfatheristellingmeaninterestingstorynow.→Aninterestingstoryisbeingtoldtomebymyfathernow.→I'mbeingtoldaninterestingstorybymyfathernow.爸爸正在給我講一個(gè)好玩的故事。4．動(dòng)詞短語在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中是不行分割的，在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中也是如此，不行去掉后面的介詞或副詞。Theoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.那位老人常常被人訕笑。[巧學(xué)活用2]——將下列各句改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)/單句語法填空①Wesawastrangerenterthebuildingjustnow.→________________________________________________________________________②Myunclegavemeapresenttheotherday.→________________________________________________________________________③Thebadweathermademedecidetostayhereforanotherday.→________________________________________________________________________④MyuncletookgoodcareofmewhenIwasyoung.→________________________________________________________________________⑤Theartistwassurehewould________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor'schiefminister，theoldmanlaughed.⑥Everyminutemust________(make)useoftoimproveourspokenEnglish.考點(diǎn)三動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和用法當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。不定式的被動(dòng)式可分為一般式和完成式。(1)一般式：tobedone表示動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生。(2)完成式：tohavebeendone表示不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。Itisagreathonortobeinvitedtohosttheopeningceremony.很榮幸被邀主持開幕式。HeissaidtohavebeenadmittedtoTsinghuaUniversity.據(jù)說他已經(jīng)被清華高校錄用了。[巧學(xué)活用3]——用不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)補(bǔ)全句子①法官好像已經(jīng)知道了真相。Thetruthseems________________bythejudge.②我很榮幸能有機(jī)會(huì)做一個(gè)主題為“生命之糧”的演講。Ifeelsohonored________________deliveraspeechthemed“foodforlife”．③明年建成的機(jī)場將有助于促進(jìn)這一地區(qū)的旅游業(yè)。Theairport________________nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.考點(diǎn)四主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1．主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)意義(1)系動(dòng)詞(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain，seem，hear，appear，prove等)后接表語時(shí)，一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thefoodtastesdelicious.這種食物嘗起來美味可口。Whathesaidatthemeetingsoundedencouraging.他在會(huì)上說的話聽起來令人備受鼓舞。(2)當(dāng)wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物動(dòng)詞后加副詞(easily，well等)時(shí)，通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。ThesciencefictionwrittenbyLiuCixinsellsverywell.劉慈欣寫的科幻小說很暢銷。Thepenmyfathergavemeasabirthdaygiftwritessmoothly.父親給我的作為生日禮物的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。(3)need，want，require，deserve等+doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thisladderwants/requires/needsrepairing/toberepaired.這個(gè)梯子須要修理。(4)beworthdoing→beworthytobedone主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thenovelisworthreadingagain.→Thenovelisworthytobereadagain.這部小說值得再讀一次。[巧學(xué)活用4]——用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Hisbooks________(sell)well，sotheyaresoldoutsoon.②Thischeese________(notcut)easily.It'stoosoft.③Tomakewayforthewidestreet，thesehousesneed________(pull)down.2．動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(1)動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“to+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作與其邏輯主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，要用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式。動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式只有一般式(tobedone)和完成式(tohavebeendone)。Iamveryhappytobepraised.受到褒獎(jiǎng)我特別興奮。Themagazinesarenotallowedtobetakenoutofthelibrary.這些雜志不允許帶出圖書館。IamproudtohavebeenadmittedtoPekingUniversity.我很高傲已被北京高校錄用。(2)動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的狀況。①sb.havesth.todo/Therebesth.todo句型中。Beforetheendofthemeeting,Ihavesomethingimportanttodeclare.會(huì)議結(jié)束之前，我有很重要的事情要宣布。Thereissomuchhomeworktodoeveryday，whichalmostdrivesmemad.每天有那么多家庭作業(yè)要做，這幾乎讓我發(fā)瘋。②動(dòng)詞不定式跟在性質(zhì)形容詞(difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，good等)后，與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)(構(gòu)成sb./sth.be+adj.+todo)。Ourheadmasterlookshardtogetcloseto,butinfactheiseasytogetalongwith.我們校長看起來很難接近，但事實(shí)上他很簡潔相處。③動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問詞連用時(shí)。Withsomanybooksathand，Tomhadnoideawhichtoreadfirst.手頭有那么多的書，湯姆不知道先讀哪一本。[巧學(xué)活用5]——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Wehavefourreadingpassages________(complete)inthecomingholiday.②Theoldmanfoundthecomputerwashard________(operate)．③Sh