安徽省蕪湖市2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期4月期中考試英語試卷【含答案解析】

蕪湖一中2023～2024學(xué)年第二學(xué)期高一年級期中考試英語試卷本試卷總分150分，考試時間為120分鐘。注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號框涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號框。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inanoffice.C.Inaclass.2.Whichsubjectdoesthewomandislike?AEngineering.B.Chemistry.C.Physics.3.Whatkindofmoviesdoesthewomanlike?A.Sciencefiction.B.Musicals.C.Actionmovies.4.Whatdoesthewomanworkfor?A.TheTeensForum.B.TheEducationWebsite.C.TheTeensDevelopmentOrganization.6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Hometowncities.B.Computergames.C.Animalcafes.第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有2至4個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有5秒鐘的時間閱讀各個小題；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6和第7題。6.Whatisthemandoing?A.WatchingTV.B.Searchingonline.C.Listeningtotheradio.7.WhatistheweatherlikeinChicagonextSaturday?A.Rainy.B.Cloudy.C.Sunny.聽下面一段對話，回答第8至第10題。8.WhyisthemanIateagain?A.Hegotill.B.Thetrafficwasheavy.C.Hehadanaccidentonhisway.9.Whereistheschoolmaster?A.Inaclassroom.B.Inhisoffice.C.Inameetingroom.10.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemandointheend?A.Buyabike,B.Gotobedearly.C.Getanalarmclock.聽下面一段對話，回答第11至第13題。11.Whydoesthemanwanttomovehouse?A.Hecan’taffordtherentonhisown.B.Hewantstofindacleanerplace.C.Hecan’tbearhisnoisyneighbor.12.Howmuchdoesthemanneedtopaypermonth?A.1,200dollars.B.700dollars.C.500dollars.13.Howwillthemangotoworkeveryday?A.Bybus.B.Bysubway.C.Bycar.聽下面一段對話，回答第14至第17題。14.WhatisPenny’scurrentproblem?AShehasatoothacheB.ShehasasorethroatC.Shehasanearache15.HowoftenwillPennytakethemedicine?A.Onceaday.B.Twiceaday.C.Threetimesaday.16.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.OnMondayB.OnTuesday.C.OnThursday.17.WhatdoesthemanaskPennytodointheend?A.Makeanappointment.B.Gotothemedicineshop.C.Takethemedicineproperly.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第18至第20題。18.Howmanyfactorsofcaraccidentsarementioned?A.2.B.3.C.4.19.Whatmeasurehasbeentakentoreducecaraccidents?A.Improvedhighwaydesign.B.Strictertrafficmanagement.C.Strengthenedtrainingfordrivers.20.Whatremainsanimportantcauseofroadaccidents?A.Poortrafficcontrol.B.Somedriverlesscars.C.Drivers’carelessness.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ABooksThatCelebrateDiverseHolidaysandTraditionsIt’simportanttorememberthereareadiversesetofholidaysavailabletoexplore.Belowareafewbooksthathelpintroducechildrentodifferentholidayculturesandtraditions.TooManyTamalesbyGarySoto,illustratedbyEdMartinezWhilehelpinghermotherwithChristmascelebration,Mariaistemptedtotryonhermother’sdiamondring.Aftergettingcaughtupinthejoyoftheholidayandplayingwithhercousins,Mariarealizestheringismissing!That’swhensheandhercousinscomeupwithaplantoeatallofthetamales,inhopesoffindingthering.TogetherforKwanzaabyJuwandaG.Ford,illustratedbyShellyHehenbergerThisisastoryaboutalittlegirlnamedKaylawhowantstoseeherolderbrotherKharicomehomesotheycancelebrateKwanzaatogetherasafamily.Khariisstuckatcollegewhenasnowstormhitsandhiscarbreaksdown.WillhemakeithomeintimeforKwanzaa?AChild’sChristmasinWalesbyDylanThomas,illustratedbyTrinaSchartHymanThisbookisafunny,nostalgictaleofChristmasEveafternoonthroughChristmasnightinWales,andisfullofuniqueimageryandpoeticprose.ItwillarouseasenseoffamiliarityforsomeyoungreaderswhileintroducingthemtodifferentaspectsofChristmastraditions.WeAreGrateful:OtsaliheligabyTraciSorell,illustratedbyFraneLessacThewordotsaliheligaisusedbymembersoftheCherokeeNationtoexpressgratitude.Thisisanamazingstorythatdescribesajourneythroughtheseasonswithamodern-dayCherokeefamily.Cherokeehistoryandtraditionsarealsowovenintothestoryinaverykid-friendlyway.1.WhatmakesitdifficultforKharitoreturnhomeintimeforKwanzaa?A.Acarcrash. B.Delayedflights. C.Extremeweather. D.Academicpressure.2.WhoprovidespicturesforAChild’sChristmasinWales?A.TraciSorell. B.EdMartinez. C.DylanThomas. D.TrinaSchartHyman.3.Thefourbooksallinformreadersof______.A.howtofindhiddentreasuresathome B.howtostrengthenbondswithfriendsC.thelifestylesofdifferentethnicgroups D.differentholidaycelebrationsandcustoms【答案】1.C2.D3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四本慶祝不同節(jié)日和傳統(tǒng)的書籍。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第段的“Khariisstuckatcollegewhenasnowstormhitsandhiscarbreaksdown.

(Khari被困在大學(xué)里，一場暴風(fēng)雪來襲，他的車壞了。)”可知，Khari難以及時回家參加寬扎節(jié)是極端天氣導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。故選C。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第段的“AChild’sChristmasinWalesbyDylanThomas,illustrated

byTrinaSchartHyman(迪倫·托馬斯的《威爾士孩子的圣誕節(jié)》，由特瑞娜·沙爾特·海曼插畫)

”可知，TrinaSchartHyman(特瑞娜·沙爾特·海曼)為《威爾士孩子的圣誕節(jié)》提供圖片。故選D。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第段的“Belowareafewbooksthathelpintroducechildrentodifferentholidayculturesandtraditions.(下面是一些幫助孩子們了解不同節(jié)日文化和傳統(tǒng)的書籍。)”可知，這四本書的共同點是向讀者介紹不同的節(jié)日慶祝活動和習(xí)俗。故選D。BArshbelievesintheimportanceofmakingtheworldamorebeautifulplace.Thetalentedboynotonlypaintsbutalsosellshisartworkanddonatesthemoney.Itallstartedwhenhisparentsboughthimasetofpaintingtoolsforhis8thbirthday.Oncehehadhisownmaterials,hebeganspendingmuchofhisfreetimeputtingcoloronhiscanvas.AsArsh’spaintingsbegantogrowinnumber,hedecidedtogivethemasgiftstofriendsandfamily.Receivingapositiveresponsefrompeoplearoundhim,hesoonrealizedhispieceshadthepotentialtogetmuchmorethansmilesandpraise.Hislight-bulbmomentcameshortlyafter:hewouldsellhisartworkanddonatethemoneytocharity.Hisfirstplanwastoraise$1,000forSt.JudeChildren’sResearchHospital,whichheaccomplishedinaroundninemonthsbysellinghispaintingsonsocialmediaandatlocalartshows.Sincethen,he’sbroadenedhisreachtobenefitotherorganizations,includingchildhoodcancernonprofitCompasstoCareandtheMake-A-WishFoundation.He’sraisedover$16,000forcharitiessofar.Arsh’sartworkisoftencolorfulandcheery,asonemightexpectfromayoungster,butitshowcasestheimpressivetechniqueofagiftedartist.Somepiecesaremoreabstractinnature;othersfeaturerealisticrenditions(演繹)offlowersandanimals.Theyrangeinsizeandcomplexity,and,accordingly,price.Smallpaintingsmightsellfor$10whilelargercanvases,uptofivefeet,havegonefor$800.Lastyear,ArshwonTheDianaAward,anhonorpresentedbyaUKcharityfoundedonPrincessDiana’sbeliefthatyoungpeoplehavethepowertochangetheircountry.Andtheyoungartisthasadviceforotherkidslookingtomakeadifference.“Helpingothersdoesn’thavetobe,like,moneyoranything.Itcanbeyourtime,yourskills,yourtalent,”hesays,“andoverall,justbekindtootherpeopletomaketheirdaybetter.”4.WhatmadeArshinterestedinpainting?A.Abirthdaypresentfromhisparents. B.Hisparents’deeploveforpainting.C.Theencouragementofothersaroundhim. D.Hisfascinationwiththebeautyofnature.5.WhydidArshdecidetosellhisartwork?A.Topayforhispaintingmaterials. B.Togetmoreattentionfromothers.C.Toattractchildren’sinterestinart. D.Tohelpthosepeoplewhoareinneed.6.WhatcanwelearnaboutArshfromthetext?A.Hisfundraisingplanisgoingwell.B.Hewillturnhisattentiontohisstudies.C.Allhispaintingssellathighpricesnow.D.Heisgoingtoteachotherchildrentopaintforfree.7.WhatdoesArshwanttosayinthelastparagraph?A.Everychildhasauniquetalent.B.Everyonehastheabilitytohelpothers.C.Talentplaysanimportantroleinlearningart.D.Helpingothersistheresponsibilityofyoungartists.【答案】4.A5.D6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述Arsh喜歡畫畫，把自己的作品賣掉捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，并獲得了英國慈善機(jī)構(gòu)頒發(fā)的榮譽(yù)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Itallstartedwhenhisparentsboughthimasetofpaintingtoolsforhis8thbirthday.Oncehehadhisownmaterials,hebeganspendingmuchofhisfreetimeputtingcoloronhiscanvas.(這一切都始于他的父母在他8歲生日時給他買了一套繪畫工具。一旦他有了自己的材料，他就開始花大量的空閑時間在畫布上上色)”可知，父母送給Arsh的一個生日禮物使他對畫畫感興趣。故選A。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Hislight-bulbmomentcameshortlyafter:hewouldsellhisartworkanddonatethemoneytocharity.(不久之后，他的靈光一現(xiàn)：他將賣掉自己的藝術(shù)品，把錢捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu))”可知，Arsh決定賣掉自己的畫作是為了幫助有需要的人。故選D。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Hisfirstplanwastoraise$1,000forSt.JudeChildren’sResearchHospital,whichheaccomplishedinaroundninemonthsbysellinghispaintingsonsocialmediaandatlocalartshows.Sincethen,he’sbroadenedhisreachtobenefitotherorganizations,includingchildhoodcancernonprofitCompasstoCareandtheMake-A-WishFoundation.He’sraisedover$16,000forcharitiessofar.(他的第一個計劃是為St.Jude兒童研究醫(yī)院籌集1000美元，他通過在社交媒體和當(dāng)?shù)厮囆g(shù)展上出售自己的畫作，在大約9個月的時間里完成了這個目標(biāo)。從那以后，他擴(kuò)大了自己的影響范圍，幫助其他組織，包括兒童癌癥非營利組CompasstoCar和theMake-A-Wish基金會。到目前為止，他已經(jīng)為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)籌集了超過16000美元)”可推知，Arsh的籌資計劃進(jìn)展順利。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“‘Helpingothersdoesn’thavetobe,like,moneyoranything.Itcanbeyourtime,yourskills,yourtalent,’hesays,‘a(chǎn)ndoverall,justbekindtootherpeopletomaketheirdaybetter.’(‘幫助別人不一定是金錢或其他東西。它可以是你的時間，你的技能，你的才能，’他說，‘總的來說，只是善待別人，讓他們的一天更美好。’)”可知，Arsh說幫助別人可以是任何東西，只是善待別人，就可以讓他人的一天更美好。由此推知，他的意思是每個人都有幫助別人的能力。故選B。CStressoftenoccurswhenhumanshavetoomuchworkorareinimmediatedanger.Wecommunicateourstresstoothersthroughourbehaviorandphysiologicalchanges.Thus,stresscancommunicateinformationandevenbeusefulforsurvivalincertainsituations.Ontheotherhand,themassivespreadofstressfrequentlyleadstodangeroussituationsingroups,suchasmasspanic.However,notonlyhumans,butalsoanimalscanexperienceandspreadstress.ThisisthepresentresearchfocusofDrHanjaBrandlfromtheUniversityofKonstanz.“Ithasbeenrepeatedlyshownthatstresscanbespreadfromonehumantoanother,”Brandlsays.“Often,asimilarlystrongphysiologicalresponseistriggered,eventhoughyouhaveneverexperiencedthestressyourself.”Butwhatisknownaboutstressamonganimals?Brandlconcludesotheranimalsinthegroupcanbejustasstressedasthefriendwhoexperiencedsomethingbad.Stressisevolutionarilydeeplyrootedandtheprocessissimilarinallvertebrates(脊椎動物).Whenareanimalsstressed?Tobementionedprimarilyarenaturallyoccurringthreatstowhichtheyareexposed,suchasnaturalenemies.Humaninfluencesraisethelevelofstress.“Increasingchangesinthehabitatornoiseandlightpollutionalsohaveanimpactasthesemassivelyinfluencetheenvironmentoftheanimals.”Brandlexplains.“Animalsareflexibleandcanadapttosituations.Butatsomepoint,thestressresponse—theadaptationsthatotherwisehelpanimalsbetterescapestressorslikeenemies—nolongergivesthemasurvivaladvantage,”sheadds.Thisnotonlyendangerstheanimals’health,butalsochangesthesocialstructureofgroups.“Ifweknowhowtheunderlyingmechanisms(機(jī)制)work,wecanbetterprotectanimals,”saysBrandl.Forhumans,too,insightsfromtheanimalworldareuseful,shesays.“Withhumans,wecan’tmeasurethefunctionalityofgroupsunderstresswellinnaturalscenes.”Therefore,Brandlisnowcontinuingherstudies.Inthefuture,thiswillmakeiteasiertorespondtoandhelpwiththespreadofstressingroupsofpeople.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutstressfromparagraph1?A.Stressisbothgoodandbad.B.Groupliving.caneasilycausestress.C.Eachindividualreactsdifferentlytostressfulsituations.D.Poorcommunicationisoneofthebiggestcausesofstress.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“triggered”probablymeaninparagraph3?A.Ignored. B.Eased. C.Caused. D.Transformed.10.Whatcanhumansdotohelpanimalsreducestress?A.Supplyfoodtothem.B.Makethemliveingroups.C.Protecttheirhabitatfrombeingdestroyed.D.Provideopportunitiesforthemtopracticetheirsurvivalskills.11.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Apetmagazine. B.Anewswebsite.C.Abookreview. D.Atechnicalforum.【答案】8.A9.C10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了壓力不僅在人類中存在，動物也會經(jīng)歷和傳播壓力，并且介紹了動物產(chǎn)生壓力的原因，包括自然威脅和人類影響，還提到了壓力對動物健康和群體社會結(jié)構(gòu)的影響，以及了解壓力機(jī)制對保護(hù)動物的重要性，同時指出了從動物世界獲得的見解對人類也很有用，最后提到研究人員將繼續(xù)研究以更好地應(yīng)對和幫助人們?nèi)后w中壓力的傳播。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thus,stresscancommunicateinformationandevenbeusefulforsurvivalincertainsituations.Ontheotherhand,themassivespreadofstressfrequentlyleadstodangeroussituationsingroups,suchasmasspanic.(因此，壓力可以傳遞信息，在某些情況下甚至對生存有益。另一方面，壓力的廣泛傳播常常導(dǎo)致群體中的危險情況，如大規(guī)?？只?”可知，壓力在某些情況下可以傳遞信息并且對生存有用，但另一方面，壓力的大規(guī)模傳播經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致群體中的危險情況，如群眾恐慌。因此，我們可以了解到壓力既有好的一面也有壞的一面，故選A項。【9題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段劃線詞上文“asimilarlystrongphysiologicalresponse(類似的強(qiáng)烈生理反應(yīng))”以及下文“eventhoughyouhaveneverexperiencedthestressyourself(即使你自己從未經(jīng)歷過這種壓力)”可知，上下文說的是通常一個同樣強(qiáng)烈的生理反應(yīng)會被引發(fā)，即使你自己從未經(jīng)歷過這種壓力，可推理出劃線詞的含義為“引發(fā)”，分析選項，C項“Caused(導(dǎo)致)”表達(dá)的含義符合語境，故選C項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Increasingchangesinthehabitatornoiseandlightpollutionalsohaveanimpactasthesemassivelyinfluencetheenvironmentoftheanimals.(棲息地不斷增加的變化或噪音和光污染也產(chǎn)生了影響，因為這些因素極大地影響了動物的生活環(huán)境)”可知，棲息地的變化增加或噪音和光污染也會影響動物，因為這些會嚴(yán)重影響動物的環(huán)境，可推理出保護(hù)動物的棲息地不受破壞可以幫助減少它們的壓力，故選C項。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“However,notonlyhumans,butalsoanimalscanexperienceandspreadstress.ThisisthepresentresearchfocusofDrHanjaBrandlfromtheUniversityofKonstanz.(然而，不僅人類，動物也會經(jīng)歷和傳播壓力。這是來自康斯坦茨大學(xué)的漢婭·布蘭德爾博士目前的研究重點)”、第四段“Animalsareflexibleandcanadapttosituations.Butatsomepoint,thestressresponse—theadaptationsthatotherwisehelpanimalsbetterescapestressorslikeenemies—nolongergivesthemasurvivaladvantage,(動物是靈活的，可以適應(yīng)各種情況。但在某些時候，應(yīng)激反應(yīng)——這些適應(yīng)性反應(yīng)本來有助于動物更好地逃離諸如敵人等壓力源——就不再給它們帶來生存優(yōu)勢了)”、倒數(shù)第二段“Thisnotonlyendangerstheanimals’health,butalsochangesthesocialstructureofgroups.“Ifweknowhowtheunderlyingmechanisms(機(jī)制)work,wecanbetterprotectanimals,”saysBrandl.(這不僅危害動物的健康，也改變了群體的社會結(jié)構(gòu)。“如果我們了解這些潛在機(jī)制是如何工作的，我們就能更好地保護(hù)動物，”布蘭德爾說)”以及最后一段“Therefore,Brandlisnowcontinuingherstudies.Inthefuture,thiswillmakeiteasiertorespondtoandhelpwiththespreadofstressingroupsofpeople.(因此，布蘭德爾現(xiàn)在繼續(xù)她的研究。在未來，這將使人們更容易應(yīng)對和幫助應(yīng)對人群中壓力的擴(kuò)散)”可知，文章內(nèi)容涉及科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，特別是引用了Dr.HanjaBrandl的研究，討論了人類和動物的應(yīng)激反應(yīng)及其影響，提到了對動物保護(hù)的意義以及未來研究方向，這些信息通常出現(xiàn)在報道科學(xué)研究成果的新聞網(wǎng)站上。文章的寫作風(fēng)格和內(nèi)容并不符合寵物雜志的親和指導(dǎo)性、書評的文學(xué)分析性或技術(shù)論壇的專業(yè)技術(shù)討論性質(zhì)。因此，最合適的來源是新聞網(wǎng)站，故選B項。DIt’seasyforconsumerstobuyfoodanddrinkslikeabowlofhotriceandcokeonlineorfromneighbourhoodshops,butforastronautssuchthingswereimpossibleinthepast.MembersofChina’sShenzhoumannedspaceflightlastyear,however,wereabletoenjoysuchfood,thankstoJoyoung,aChinesefirm.Joyoungcreatedamobilespacekitchenfortheastronauts.Adrinkingwatermachine,anairheaterandasoybeanmilkmakerwereallaccessibleinthekitchenthroughasmartapp.TangHongbo,whowasamemberoftheShenzhoumannedspacecraftsaidinthenewsthatduringhisthree-monthtrip,hecouldeathotfoodwithjusthalf-hourefforts,acontrasttothepastwhensimilarattemptsrequiredseveralhours.“Ifwehadtime,wewouldalsouseequipmenttoeathomemadeyogurt.Wecouldalsocontroltheequipmentinthespacekitchenthroughmobilephoneapps.”hesaid.Inthepast,mostfoodscouldn’tbedirectlyheatedinamicrowaveoveninthespace.Conductionequipmentoftencauseduneven(不均勻的)heating.Anastronauthadtospendaslongasfourhourstoheatsomevegetablesinthespacekitchen.Tosolvetheproblem,Joyounghasdevelopedequipmentthatgivesouthotairtoheatvegetablesina360-degreeway.Thatenablesastronautstoeatsteaming-hotfish-flavouredporkandGongbaochicken,aspicy,stir-friedChinesedish.BesidesJoyoung,agroupofcompanies,includingXiaomiCoipandHuaweiTechnologies,havecontributedtheirtechnologiestothedevelopmentofthespacestation.Avacuum(真空)cleanermadehaircutsonthespacecraftpossible.NOLOVR,aChinesevirtualrealitymanufacturer,hashelpedastronautsdevelopanexperimentalequipmentthroughwhichlaboratorytechniciansonthegroundcanseeandexperiencewhatastronautsaredoinginspace.12WhatdoastronautsthinkofJoyoung’smobilespacekitchen?A.Water-saving. B.Energy-wasting. C.Time-saving. D.Money-wasting.13.HowdoestheauthorshowtheconvenienceonShenzhoumannedspacecraft?A.Bymakingcontrasts. B.Byanalyzingresults.C.Byprovidingpictures. D.Byansweringquestions.14.Whatdoesthelastparagraphwanttoshow?A.Jayoungneedstofurtheritstechnology.B.Whatastronautsaredoingissignificant.C.Astronautsonboardcandoastheywish.D.Therearemoretechnologiesforthespacecraft.15.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.TheHotDietontheSpaceStationNeedstobeAddressedB.EarthtoSpace,FirmsAddValuebyCreatingTechnologyC.ModernTechnologyBringsConveniencetoHumanBeingsD.ManufacturersMakeBigProfitsfromInventingEquipment【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要講述九陽公司為宇航員們設(shè)計了一個移動太空廚房，讓宇航員更加方便、快捷地享用食物?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“TangHongbo,whowasamemberoftheShenzhoumannedspacecraftsaidinthenewsthatduringhisthree-monthtrip,hecouldeathotfoodwithjusthalf-hourefforts,acontrasttothepastwhensimilarattemptsrequiredseveralhours.(神舟載人飛船成員湯洪波在新聞中說，在他三個月的旅行中，他只需要半個小時就能吃到熱食物，而過去類似的嘗試需要幾個小時)”可知，宇航員認(rèn)為九陽的移動太空廚房能節(jié)省時間，故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“TangHongbo,whowasamemberoftheShenzhoumannedspacecraftsaidinthenewsthatduringhisthree-monthtrip,hecouldeathotfoodwithjusthalf-hourefforts,acontrasttothepastwhensimilarattemptsrequiredseveralhours.(神舟載人飛船成員湯洪波在新聞中說，在他三個月的旅行中，他只需要半個小時就能吃到熱食物，而過去類似的嘗試需要幾個小時)”和第三段“Inthepast,mostfoodscouldn’tbedirectlyheatedinamicrowaveoveninthespace.Conductionequipmentoftencauseduneven(不均勻的)heating.Anastronauthadtospendaslongasfourhourstoheatsomevegetablesinthespacekitchen.Tosolvetheproblem,Joyounghasdevelopedequipmentthatgivesouthotairtoheatvegetablesina360-degreeway.Thatenablesastronautstoeatsteaming-hotfish-flavouredporkandGongbaochicken,aspicy,stir-friedChinesedish.(在過去，大多數(shù)食物不能在太空中的微波爐中直接加熱。傳導(dǎo)設(shè)備常引起不均勻加熱。一名宇航員必須在太空廚房里花費(fèi)長達(dá)四個小時的時間來加熱一些蔬菜。為了解決這個問題，九陽公司開發(fā)了一種可以360度加熱蔬菜的設(shè)備。這樣宇航員就可以吃到熱氣騰騰的魚香肉絲和宮保雞丁，這是一種辛辣的中國菜)”可知，在過去，大多數(shù)食物不能在太空中的微波爐中直接加熱，加熱一些蔬菜需要很長時間，但有了九陽開發(fā)的設(shè)備，宇航員能夠吃到熱氣騰騰的飯菜；由此可知，作者是通過將過去和現(xiàn)在的情況作比較，來展現(xiàn)神舟載人飛船上先進(jìn)設(shè)備帶來的便捷。故選A。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“BesidesJoyoung,agroupofcompanies,includingXiaomiCoipandHuaweiTechnologies,havecontributedtheirtechnologiestothedevelopmentofthespacestation.Avacuum(真空)cleanermadehaircutsonthespacecraftpossible.NOLOVR,aChinesevirtualrealitymanufacturer,hashelpedastronautsdevelopanexperimentalequipmentthroughwhichlaboratorytechniciansonthegroundcanseeandexperiencewhatastronautsaredoinginspace.(除了九陽，包括小米和華為技術(shù)在內(nèi)的一些公司也為空間站的發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)了自己的技術(shù)。真空吸塵器使航天器上的理發(fā)成為可能。中國虛擬現(xiàn)實制造商N(yùn)OLOVR幫助宇航員開發(fā)了一種實驗設(shè)備，通過這種設(shè)備，地面上的實驗室技術(shù)人員可以看到并體驗宇航員在太空中的活動)”可知，最后一段告訴我們，除了九陽，還有很多其他公司也為空間站的開發(fā)貢獻(xiàn)了他們的技術(shù)；由此推知，最后一段表明有更多的技術(shù)應(yīng)用于宇宙飛船。故選D。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第二段中“MembersofChina’sShenzhoumannedspaceflightlastyear,however,wereabletoenjoysuchfood,thankstoJoyoung,aChinesefirm.(然而，多虧了中國的九陽公司，去年中國神舟載人航天飛行的成員們能夠享用到這樣的食物)”和最后一段中“BesidesJoyoung,agroupofcompanies,includingXiaomiCoipandHuaweiTechnologies,havecontributedtheirtechnologiestothedevelopmentofthespacestation.(除了九陽，包括小米和華為技術(shù)在內(nèi)的一些公司也為空間站的發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)了自己的技術(shù))”可知，文章主要講述九陽公司為宇航員們設(shè)計了一個移動太空廚房，讓宇航員更加方便、快捷地享用食物，除此之外，包括小米和華為技術(shù)在內(nèi)的一些公司也為空間站的發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)了自己的技術(shù)。B項“從地球到太空，企業(yè)通過創(chuàng)造技術(shù)來增加價值”能夠概括文章主旨，為最佳標(biāo)題，故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Curiosityispartofhumannature.Childrenarefamousforwantinganswerstotonsofquestions.BooksandTVshowsoftenrelyoncuriosity.Peoplekeepreadingorwatchingbecausetheywanttofindoutwhathappens.____16____Manyofhistory’sgreatestdiscoveriesweremadebycuriouspeople.Peoplewonderedhowprocessesworkedorhowcertaintaskscouldbedonemoreeffectively.Thankstotheircuriosity,peoplenowknowfarmoreabouttheworldandhaveusefultechnologytohelpthem.Evenifyoudon’tplantobeaninventororresearcher,curiositycanstillhelpyouintheclassroom.Ifyoudevelopthejoyoflearning,classwillbemorefun.____17____Evenifyou’renolongerastudent,curiositywillmakeyoubetterinformedandthusamorecapableworker.Whatdoyoudoifyou’renotalreadycurious?____18____Ifyouactlikeyou’recurious,you’llquicklystarttoactuallyfeelcurious.Often,themoreyoulearnaboutatopicthemoreinterestingitbecomes.Asyoulearnaboutatopic,gatherinformationfromasmanysourcesaspossible.Readavarietyofbooks,watchorlistentolecturesandaskquestions.____19____Instead,learntoappreciatefactsthatdifferentpeopleknowandthedifferentopinionsthattheyexpress.Don’tassumeyoualreadyknowwhatyouneedtoknow.Instead,searchforalternatepossibilitiesandpointsofview.____20____Remember,everyoneknowssomethingthatyoudon’t.Findoutwhatthatis,andaskaboutit.Thisletsyoulearnsomethingandmakestheotherpersonhappybylettingthemshowofftheirknowledge.Intheclassroomoroutofit,developingcuriosityissuretobeworthwhile.A.Askalotofquestions.B.Butcuriosityalsoprovidesmanypracticalbenefits.C.Acceptavarietyofresourcestofeedyourcuriosity.D.Fortunately,curiosityisaskillthatcanbeimproved.E.Don’talwaysgetyourinformationfromthesamesource.F.Curiositydrivestheprocessofdiscoveriesandinnovation.G.Andyou’llexcelbecauseyouwillbefullyengagedintheprocessoflearning.【答案】16.B17.G18.D19.E20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了好奇心的好處以及提高好奇心的方法和策略?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Peoplekeepreadingorwatchingbecausetheywanttofindoutwhathappens.(人們一直閱讀或觀看，因為他們想知道發(fā)生了什么)”以及下文講述了好奇心的好處可知，此處與前文形成對比，并引出后文好奇心的好處，故B項“但是好奇心也會帶來一些實際的好處。”能夠承上啟下，符合語境。故選B項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Evenifyoudon’tplantobeaninventororresearcher,curiositycanstillhelpyouintheclassroom.Ifyoudevelopthejoyoflearning,classwillbemorefun.(即使你不打算成為一個發(fā)明者和研究者，好奇心也能在課堂上幫助你。如果你培養(yǎng)了學(xué)習(xí)的樂趣，教室就會變得更加有趣)”可知，此處指出好奇心可以在課堂上幫助你，也解釋了好奇心如何讓學(xué)習(xí)更有趣和投入，此處在說明好奇心帶來的實際好處，故G項“你會出類拔萃，因為你會全身心地投入到學(xué)習(xí)過程中?！蹦軌虺薪由衔模险Z境。故選G項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whatdoyoudoifyou’renotalreadycurious?(如果你已經(jīng)不再感到好奇了，應(yīng)該怎么做呢？)”可知，此處提出了問題，且空后的內(nèi)容介紹了一些提高好奇心的方法和策略，故D項“幸運(yùn)地是，好奇心是一種可以培養(yǎng)的技能。”能夠承上啟下，符合語境。故選D項。【19題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Instead,learntoappreciatefactsthatdifferentpeopleknowandthedifferentopinionsthattheyexpress.(相反，學(xué)會去欣賞不同的人知道的事實，以及他們表達(dá)的不同的觀點)”可知，此處與下文是對應(yīng)關(guān)系，故E項“不要總是從相同的渠道獲取資源”能夠銜接下文，符合語境。故選E項。【20題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Remember,everyoneknowssomethingthatyoudon’t.Findoutwhatthatis,andaskaboutit.(記住，每個人都知道一些你不知道的事情，弄清楚它們是什么，并詢問它們是什么)”可知，本段內(nèi)容主要提出培養(yǎng)好奇心的另一個方法——問問題，故A項“問很多問題?！蹦軌蚋爬ū径未笠猓m合作本段主旨句，符合語境。故選A項。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Louie,apetparrot,savedawholefamily.He___21___thesleepingKleinfamilyinthemiddleofthenightasflamessweptthroughtheirhome.“Louieisatrue___22___”BarbaraKleinrecentlytoldnewsagencySouthWestNewsService(SWNS).“Ifithadn’tbeenforhim,Iprobablywouldn’thavebeen___23___atthattime.Hestartedshouting‘Fire’.Hehadneversaidthatwordbeforeinmy___24___.WhenIwokeup,thefirewasstartingtospreadacrossthelivingroomfloor.”Unluckilyforthefamily,Louiedidn’t___25___.Barbarasaid,“Hewaslikeourbabies,soit’s___26___.”Barbaratookherfive-year-oldgranddaughter___27___andranoutofthehouse.HerhusbandLarryalsomadeitout,butwasseverelywoundedwhenescapingfromtheburningbuilding.“Herantothekitchenandtriedto___28___thefireoutwithwater,”BarbaratoldSWNS.“Afterweleft,heranbackintothehouseandinsistedon___29___thepetbutwithno___30___.”TheKleinssufferedgreat___31___inthefire.Theirhousewasin___32___alongwithitscontentsandtheparrotLouiepassedaway.“Peoplehave___33___withclothingandsomeonedonatedanapartmentforthreemonths,”Barbarasaid.“Themanwhodonatedtheapartmentalso___34___uswithababyparrot.WecallhimLouieJrto___35___Louie.”21.A.annoyed B.alarmed C.impressed D.noticed22.A.model B.genius C.hero D.pioneer23.A.awake B.asleep C.alone D.afraid24.A.opinion B.way C.memory D.sight25.A.survive B.resist C.arrive D.respond26.A.frightening B.shocking C.sorrowful D.grateful27.A.angrily B.gently C.secretly D.immediately28.A.turn B.blow C.keep D.put29.A.accompanying B.saving C.comforting D.adopting30.A.luck B.doubt C.evidence D.barrier31.A.injuries B.losses C.pressures D.failures32.A.detail B.place C.ruins D.rows33.A.rushedout B.comeback C.runaway D.reachedout34.A.presented B.equipped C.linked D.compared35.A.replace B.honor C.forget D.reward【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.C25.A26.C27.D28.D29.B30.A31.B32.C33.D34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道，文章主要報道一只寵物鸚鵡發(fā)現(xiàn)家中起火，在熊熊烈火中及時呼救，成了全家人的救命英雄的故事。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他在大半夜驚動了熟睡的Klein一家，當(dāng)時火焰正席卷他們的家。A.annoyed使生氣，惹惱；B.alarmed使擔(dān)心，使驚恐，使警報；C.impressed給……留下印象；D.noticed注意到。根據(jù)“thesleepingKleinfamilyinthemiddleofthenightasflamessweptthroughtheirhome”可知，發(fā)生火災(zāi)時，他驚動了熟睡的Klein一家，故選B。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“Louie是一個真正的英雄，”BarbaraKlein最近告訴SWNS新聞社。A.model模特；B.genius天才；C.hero英雄；D.pioneer先驅(qū)。根據(jù)文章首句“Louie,apetparrot,savedawholefamily.(Louie，一只寵物鸚鵡，拯救了整個家庭)”可知，Louie拯救了整個家庭，故是一個真正的英雄，故選C。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果不是因為他，我那時可能不會醒著。A.awake醒著的；B.asleep睡著的；C.alone獨(dú)自的；D.afraid害怕的。根據(jù)下文“WhenIwokeup”可知，鸚鵡叫醒了Barbara，故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在我的記憶中，他以前從未說過那個詞。A.opinion觀點；B.way方法；C.memory記憶；D.sight視野，景象。結(jié)合語境及“before”可知，此處指在記憶中鸚鵡以前從沒說過“Fire”這個詞，故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的是，Louie沒能活下來。A.survive幸存；B.resist抵抗；C.arrive到達(dá)；D.respond回應(yīng)。根據(jù)下文“theparrotLouiepassedaway”可知，鸚鵡去世了，沒有能活下來，故選A。26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Barbara說：“他就像我們的孩子，所以很悲傷?！盇.frightening令人害怕的；B.shocking令人震驚的；C.sorrowful悲傷的，悲哀的；D.grateful感激的。根據(jù)“Hewaslikeourbabies”可知，鸚鵡就像家里的孩子一樣，所以鸚鵡去世是一件悲傷的事情，故選C?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：Barbara立刻帶著她五歲的孫女跑出了房子。A.angrily生氣地；B.gently溫柔地；C.secretly秘密地；D.immediately立即。根據(jù)語境以“ranoutofthehouse”可知，發(fā)生火災(zāi)應(yīng)立刻逃生，故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“他跑到廚房，試圖用水把火撲滅，”Barbara告訴SWNS。A.turn翻轉(zhuǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)彎；B.blow吹；C.keep保持；D.put使處于（某狀態(tài)或情況）。根據(jù)“with