2022年安徽省宣城市高一下學(xué)期期末調(diào)研測試英語試卷

宣城市2021—2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期末調(diào)研測試高一英語試題本試卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AShanghaiLibraryIntroductionShanghaiLibraryisacomprehensivepublicandresearchlibrary.Thereare33readingrooms,20individualcarrels,2exhibitionhalls,4lecturerooms,1multi－functionalhall,1auditoriumandseveralmusicappreciationroomsinit.Thelibraryopenseverydaythroughouttheyeartopeoplefromallwalksoflife.Since1996whenthenewbuildingwasofficiallyputintouse,over900thousandcardshavebeenissuedtothepublic.BasicInformationSelf－ServiceReadingRoomResource:Newarrivals,recentperiodicals(期刊)andnewspapersOpeningHours:15:00－21:30,Monday－SundayChineseDocumentsCirculationRoomResource:Books(publishedwithinfiveyears)andcurrentperiodicalsOpeningHours:13:30－20:30,Monday8:30－20:30,Tuesday－SundayMultimediaNewspapersReadingRoomResource:Chinesenewspaperspublishedathomewithin2years,electricnewspaperandTVnewsOpeningHours:8:30－20:30,Monday－Sunday(E－paper,8:30－17:00)ShanghaiLocalCollectionReadingRoomResource:Books,yearbooks,maps,encyclopediaandliteraryworksonShanghaiOpeningHours:8:30－17:00,Monday－SaturdayChineseAncientBooksReadingRoomResource:Ancientbooks(includingtheirreprints)OpeningHours:8:30－17:00,Monday－SaturdayRareBooksReadingRoomResource:Rarebooksandtheirfull－textdiscsOpeningHours:8:30－17:00,Monday－SaturdayReferenceBooksReadingRoomResource:Yearbooks,encyclopedia,dictionaries,namelists,universitybrochuresandmapsOpeningHours:9:00－17:00,Monday－Sunday1.InwhichRoomcanyoufindthemostinformationaboutShanghai?A.Self－ServiceReadingRoom. B.ShanghaiLocalCollectionReadingRoom.C.ChineseAncientBooksReadingRoom. D.RareBooksReadingRoom.2.WhenisChineseDocumentsCirculationRoomopenonFriday?A.15:00－21:30. B.13:30－20:30. C.8:30－20:30. D.8:30－17:00.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaccessibletovisitorstoShanghaiLibrary?A.Adancehallfordancelovers. B.Atelephonedirectoryofbusinesses.C.Appreciationofliteraryworks. D.Full－textdiscsofancientbooks.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了上海圖書館以及幾個閱覽室的基本情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ShanghaiLocalCollectionReadingRoom部分的“Resource:Books,yearbooks,maps,encyclopediaandliteraryworksonShanghai(資源：書籍、年鑒、地圖、百科全書和有關(guān)上海的文學(xué)作品)”可知在ShanghaiLocalCollectionReadingRoom可以找到有關(guān)上海的資料。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ChineseDocumentsCirculationRoom部分的“OpeningHours:13:30－20:30,Monday8:30－20:30,Tuesday－Sunday(開放時間：星期一13：30-20：30；星期二—星期日8：30-20：30)”可知ChineseDocumentsCirculationRoom在周五開放時間是8:30－20:30。故選C項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Introduction部分“Thereare33readingrooms,20individualcarrels,2exhibitionhalls,4lecturerooms,1multi－functionalhall,1auditoriumandseveralmusicappreciationroomsinit.(其中有33間閱覽室、20間獨(dú)立室、2個展廳、4個演講廳、1個多功能廳、1個禮堂和幾間音樂欣賞室。)”可知上海圖書館里面沒有舞廳。故選A項(xiàng)。BRiversareveryimportant.Humansrelyonthemforfoodandwater.Butriverscandestroythings,too.Theycanflood,orriseovertheirbanks,makingthewaterrunintothenearbyland.Floodscanalsokillhumansandwildlife.However,floodsarenotalwaysbad.Someecosystemsneedthemeveryonceinawhile.Floodingcannotonlydrownanimalsbutalsodestroyhabitats.Forexample,afloodinIndiain2012killedmanyone－h(huán)ornedrhinos.Floodwaterscanpickupdirtfromriverbanks,whichmakesthewaterdirty.Toomuchdirtwillclogriversandstreams,preventingtheriverfromflowing.Sometimesfloodwaterscancarrypollutiontotheseaandharmmarinelife.Inaddition,floodwaterscancarrydisease,includinghepatitisAandcholera.However,noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.Floodwaterscarrynutrientstothenearbyland.Overtime,thewaterdriesupandleavesbehindparticles(微粒)ofdirtandmud.Theparticlesarecalledsediment(沉淀物)whichcanbegoodduetoitsabilitytoimprovethedirtandhelpsplantsgrow.Floodsareimportanttosomeanimalsaswell.Forinstance,someanimalsseefloodsasasignthatitistimetomateormigrate.Floodsleavesedimentonriverbedswherebabyfishcangrowandcarrynutrientsforsmallanimalsinthewatertoeat.Moreover,indryseasons,watermightdryup,butfloodshelprefillthewetlands,keepingtheecosystemgoing.Floodsareapartofnature.Theycandestroylivingthingsandtheenvironment.Butsomeecosystemsneedfloodstosurvive.4.What’sthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword“clog”inparagraph2?A.become B.pollute C.block D.develop5.Howdofloodshelpecosystems?A.Nutrientscarriedbyfloodscanmakesoilricher.B.Floodsmakealltheanimalsmigratemoreeasily.C.Tinyfishgoingwithfloodsfeedsomeanimals.D.Floodscanimprovethedirtandhelpplantsgrow.6.What’sthemainideaofparagraph3?A.Thewayinwhichfloodsfeedanimals. B.Thebenefitsoffloodstoecosystems.C.Aneffectivemeansofimprovingsoil. D.Thereasonforpeople’sappreciatingfloods.7.What’sthebesttitleofthisarticle?A.TheManyEffectsofFlooding. B.TheSecretofFlooding.C.Floods－NotEverythingIsSoBad. D.Floods－aPartofNature.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了作為大自然的一部分，洪水對于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)既有好處也有壞處?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Floodwaterscanpickupdirtfromriverbanks,whichmakesthewaterdirty.(洪水會從河岸上吸收泥土，從而使水變臟。)”以及“Toomuchdirtwillclogriversandstreams,preventingtheriverfromflowing.(太多的泥土?xí)log河流和溪流，阻止河水流淌。)”可知，洪水會沿途吸收泥土，而太多的泥土?xí)氯拥?，以至于河水流淌出現(xiàn)困難。由此可推測此處的clog的意思應(yīng)該是“堵塞”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“However,noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.Floodwaterscarrynutrientstothenearbyland.Overtime,thewaterdriesupandleavesbehindparticles(微粒)ofdirtandmud.Theparticlesarecalledsediment(沉淀物)whichcanbegoodduetoitsabilitytoimprovethedirtandhelpsplantsgrow.(然而，洪水并非一無是處。有時它們會給生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來新生命。洪水把營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)帶到附近的土地上。隨著時間的推移，水會干涸，留下灰塵和泥土的顆粒。這些顆粒被稱為沉積物，它可以很好地改善土壤，幫助植物生長。)”可知，洪水沿途所攜帶的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)可以使土壤更豐富，從而更好地幫助生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“However,noteverythingaboutfloodsisbad.Sometimestheybringnewlifetoecosystems.(然而，洪水并非一無是處。有時它們會給生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來新的生命。)”以及“Floodsareimportanttosomeanimalsaswell.(洪水對一些動物也很重要。)”以及“Moreover,indryseasons,watermightdryup,butfloodshelprefillthewetlands,keepingtheecosystemgoing.(此外，在旱季，水可能會干涸，但洪水有助于為濕地補(bǔ)充水分，保持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。)”可知文章第三段主要講的是洪水對于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的好處。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可以看到文章前兩段主要講洪水對于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的不利的方面，第三段主要講洪水對于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的益處，文章最后一段“Floodsareapartofnature.Theycandestroylivingthingsandtheenvironment.Butsomeecosystemsneedfloodstosurvive.(洪水是自然的一部分。它們可以破壞生物和環(huán)境。但一些生態(tài)系統(tǒng)需要洪水才能生存下來。)”總結(jié)全文，點(diǎn)明主題——洪水是大自然的一部分。所以“洪水是大自然的一部分”作為標(biāo)題最合適。故選D項(xiàng)。CBabyducksareknownforswimminginanorderlylinebehindtheirmother.Manystudieshavelookedatwhyducklingsdothis.Itturnsouttheducklingssaveenergybytakingarideontheirmom’swaves.However,foralongtime,scientistsdidn’tunderstandwhyswimminginalinebehindmomhelpsbabyducklingssaveenergy.So,ateamofscientistsinScotlandandChinasetouttofindtheanswer.InOctober2021,theteampublishedtheirfindingsinascientificjournal.Theteammadeacomputersimulation(模擬)ofduckwaves,whichisamodelofareal－worldevent.Theteamstudiedthesimulationandfoundthataducklingwhoswimsinjusttherightspotbehinditsmotherhasaneasierswim.However,whenaducklingswimsonitsown,itkicksupwavesbehindit.Thisformsawake,orawavepath,behindtheduckling.Thewavesinitswake(尾流，航跡)maketheducklinguseupsomeenergy.Thisiswavedragatwork,aforcetopushorpullinaspecificdirection.Inthiscase,wavedraggoesagainsttheduckling’sforwardmotion,pullingitbackward.However,whentheducklingsswimintheirmom‘swake,thewavedragisreversed(反轉(zhuǎn)，顛倒).Theyfeelapushinsteadofadrag.Thismakesiteasierfortheducklingstoswim.Butthisisonlytrueifducklingsswiminasweetspotinalinerightbehindtheirmom.Whenducklingslineupbehindtheirmom,theysharewithoneanother.Eachducklinginthelinepassesitswavesalongtotheducklingsbehindit.So,thewholegroupgetsafreeride.Still,theyoungducksneedtokeepupwiththeirmom.Swimminggetsharderiftheyfalloutofposition,whichisafairpunishmentforslowducklings.8.Whydoducklingsswimbehindtheirmotherinanorderlyway?A.Becauseducklingsareunwillingtobepunished.B.Becauseducklingsareafraidoflosingtheirwayhome.C.Becauseducklingscansavetheirenergywhileswimming.D.Becauseducklingsareanimalsfondofneatformation.9.Howdidscientistsfindthereasonforduckling’sfollowingtheirmother?A.Byinterviewingexperts. B.Bymakingexperiments.C.Bysearchingforinformationonline. D.Bywatchingducklingsinrivers.10.Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?A.Ducklingsthatarelostwillbeill－treatedfortheirmistake.B.Scientistswanttoknowthereasonformotherducklings’swimminginaline.C.Scientistsexploresthephysicsofwhyducklingsswiminarowbehindtheirmother.D.AteampublishedtheirfindingsinascientificjournalinOctober2021.11.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanyoureadthisarticle?A.Science. B.Fashion. C.Technology. D.Education.【答案】8.C9.B10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹科學(xué)家們用實(shí)驗(yàn)方式探索了小鴨子為什么在媽媽身后排成一列游泳的原因?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Itturnsouttheducklingssaveenergybytakingarideontheirmom’swaves.(事實(shí)證明，這些小鴨是通過乘坐媽媽的海浪來節(jié)省能量的。)”和第三段“Theteamstudiedthesimulationandfoundthataducklingwhoswimsinjusttherightspotbehinditsmotherhasaneasierswim.(研究小組研究了這一模擬，發(fā)現(xiàn)在媽媽身后正確位置游泳的小鴨子游得更容易。)”可知，小鴨子在媽媽身后有秩序地游是因?yàn)樾▲喿釉谟斡緯r可以節(jié)省能量。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theteammadeacomputersimulation(模擬)ofduckwaves,whichisamodelofareal－worldevent.(研究小組用計(jì)算機(jī)模擬了鴨浪，這是一個真實(shí)事件的模型。)”可知，科學(xué)家采用實(shí)驗(yàn)的方式來研究。故選B?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Babyducksareknownforswimminginanorderlylinebehindtheirmother.Manystudieshavelookedatwhyducklingsdothis.(眾所周知，小鴨子在媽媽身后整齊地游動。許多研究都在探究為什么小鴨會這樣做。)”和第二段“However,foralongtime,scientistsdidn’tunderstandwhyswimminginalinebehindmomhelpsbabyducklingssaveenergy.So,ateamofscientistsinScotlandandChinasetouttofindtheanswer.(然而，很長一段時間以來，科學(xué)家們都不明白為什么在媽媽身后排隊(duì)游泳可以幫助小鴨節(jié)省能量。因此，蘇格蘭和中國的一組科學(xué)家開始尋找答案。)”可知，這篇文章主要介紹科學(xué)家們用實(shí)驗(yàn)的方式探索了小鴨子為什么在媽媽身后排成一列游泳的原因。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題?？v觀全文，可知在這篇文章中科學(xué)家們采用實(shí)驗(yàn)來研究小鴨子為什么在媽媽身后排成一列游泳的原因，因此這篇文章最有可能來源于報(bào)紙中的“科學(xué)”部分。故選A。DWhenIwasateenager,Iknewnothingaboutmentalhealth.Ifyouhadtalkedabout“safespaces”,Iwouldhavethoughtthatyoumeantabank.What’smore,Ididn’tcareaboutmentalhealth.WhywouldI?LikemyDadalwaysusedtosay,“Ifitisn’tbroke,don’tfixit!”But,unfortunatelymymentalhealthdid“break”.Aged17Idevelopedanorexia(厭食癥).IttookmeagoodfewyearstorealizeIhadaproblem,butIneverwenttogethelpbecauseIneverfeltillenough.WhenIwas23,Iwasdiagnosedassevereanorexia.Iwastreatedatahospital.Peoplearealwaysinterestedtoknowwhathelpedmerecover.Itwassimple:comedy.Letmeexplain.Theword“comedy”isbelievedtodevelopfromtheAncientGreekmeaning“toreveal”.Itiscomedy’sjobto“reveal”things,toexplainandunderstand.ThiswassomethingIturnedtowhenIwasinrecoveryfromanorexia.I’dneverbeenabletoexplainwhatwasgoingoninsidemyhead;tryingtoexplainwhat’sgoingoninyourmindisliketryingtoexplainacolortosomeonewho’sblind.So,humorbecameawayofunderstandingthings.Nowit’sbecomeawayofhelpingotherpeople.AfterIrecoveredfrommyillnesswiththehelpofcomedy,Icomeupwithasix－weekcomedycourseaimedatpeoplewithmentalhealthdifficulties.Bydoingthecoursewithlike－mindedpeople,itbuildslastingfriendships,fightslonelinessandtalksaboutmentalhealthnormally.Whenaudiencesarelaughing,theymustbelistening,andwhenthey’relistening,theycanlearn.It’sthisuniqueopportunitythatenablescomedytoreachpeopleinacompletelydifferentwaytoallthesadstories,shockingstatisticsanddrydocumentariesaboutmentalhealthproblems.Comedywasnecessarytomyrecovery.IknowI’mnotaloneinthat.So,Iwanttopaythatforwardandshowotherpeoplethattheirmentalhealthdoesn’thavetobe“broke”beforetheycan“fixit”.12.Whywastheauthor’sillnessmentioned?A.Toshowtheseriousnessofhisillness. B.Toleadtothetopic—Comedy.C.Toexpresshislonelinessandpain. D.Toassesshismentalstatus.13.Whydidtheauthordevelopacomedycourse?A.Tomakefriendswithlike－mindedpeople.BTofindoutthetruemeaningof“comedy”.C.Tostudyhowtofightagainstloneliness.D.Tohelpmorepeoplerecoverfrommentalillness.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”refertointhelastparagraph?A.Comedy. B.Recovery.C.Mentalhealthdifficulties. D.Kindness.15.Whatcanyouinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A.Heisgenerous. B.Heishelpful.C.Heisbadlyill. D.Heisunappealing.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在青少年時期不在乎心理健康，當(dāng)自己被診斷出患了嚴(yán)重的厭食癥之后，通過喜劇治好了心理疾病，并呼吁大家重視心理健康。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Aged17Idevelopedanorexia(厭食癥).IttookmeagoodfewyearstorealizeIhadaproblem,butIneverwenttogethelpbecauseIneverfeltillenough.WhenIwas23,Iwasdiagnosedassevereanorexia.Iwastreatedatahospital.Peoplearealwaysinterestedtoknowwhathelpedmerecover.Itwassimple:comedy.(17歲時，我患上了厭食癥。我花了好幾年的時間才意識到我有問題，但我從來沒有去尋求幫助，因?yàn)槲覐膩頉]有覺得自己病得夠厲害。23歲時，我被診斷為嚴(yán)重厭食癥。我在醫(yī)院接受了治療。人們總是很想知道是什么幫助我康復(fù)的。很簡單：喜劇。)”可知喜劇治好了作者的厭食癥，所以作者提到厭食癥是為了引出話題——喜劇。故選B項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“AfterIrecoveredfrommyillnesswiththehelpofcomedy,Icomeupwithasix－weekcomedycourseaimedatpeoplewithmentalhealthdifficulties.Bydoingthecoursewithlike－mindedpeople,itbuildslastingfriendships,fightslonelinessandtalksaboutmentalhealthnormally.(在喜劇的幫助下，我生病康復(fù)后，我舉辦了一個為期六周的喜劇課程，目標(biāo)是有心理健康問題的人。通過與志同道合的人一起學(xué)習(xí)這個課程，它可以建立持久的友誼，對抗孤獨(dú)，并正常地談?wù)撔睦斫】怠?”可知作者舉辦喜劇課程是為了來幫助更多的人從精神疾病中恢復(fù)過來。故選D項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Comedywasnecessarytomyrecovery.IknowI’mnotaloneinthat.So,Iwanttopaythatforwardandshowotherpeoplethattheirmentalhealthdoesn’thavetobe“broke”beforetheycan“fixit”(喜劇對我的康復(fù)是必要的。我知道在心理疾病方面我不是唯一的一個。所以，我想把這一點(diǎn)傳遞出去，告訴其他人，他們的心理健康并不一定要“崩潰”才能“修復(fù)”。)”可知在作者看來喜劇對于她的康復(fù)是必要的，而生活中精神方面有問題的人又不止她一個，因此她想告訴那些同樣患有心理疾病的人他們的心理疾病完全是可以在崩潰之前修復(fù)的，所以此處的that應(yīng)該指的是精神方面的問題。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“AfterIrecoveredfrommyillnesswiththehelpofcomedy,Icomeupwithasix－weekcomedycourseaimedatpeoplewithmentalhealthdifficulties.Bydoingthecoursewithlike－mindedpeople,itbuildslastingfriendships,fightslonelinessandtalksaboutmentalhealthnormally.(在喜劇的幫助下，我生病康復(fù)后，我舉辦了一個為期六周的喜劇課程，目標(biāo)是有心理健康問題的人。通過與志同道合的人一起學(xué)習(xí)這個課程，它可以建立持久的友誼，對抗孤獨(dú)，并正常地談?wù)撔睦斫】怠?以及最后一段“Comedywasnecessarytomyrecovery.IknowI’mnotaloneinthat.So,Iwanttopaythatforwardandshowotherpeoplethattheirmentalhealthdoesn’thavetobe“broke”beforetheycan“fixit”(喜劇對我的康復(fù)是必要的。我知道在心理疾病方面我不是唯一的一個。所以，我想把這一點(diǎn)傳遞出去，告訴其他人，他們的心理健康并不一定要“崩潰”才能“修復(fù)”。)”可知作者在自己康復(fù)之后舉辦了心理課程就是想幫助更多的患有心理疾病的人恢復(fù)，呼吁他們重視心理健康，所以可以推斷作者是一個對別人有幫助的人。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whatmakesagoodscientist?MynameisClara.Iamaclimatescientiststudyingtinyparticlesintheatmospherewhichisalayerofgasesthatsurroundsourplanet.Ihavewonderedaboutwhatmakesagoodscientist.____16____.Patience____17____.Theyhavepatienceforothers,patienceforthemselvesandpatiencewhenthingsgowrong.Afewyearsago,whenIworkedonaNASAmission,wesentaspacecrafttobringbackasampleofanasteroid,whicharerockyobjectsthattravelaroundthesun.Thespacecraftreachedtheasteroidin2018andreturnedwithapieceoftheasteroidin2021.Thenscientistsstudiedit.Scientificdiscoveriesdonottakeplaceovernight.Manyaresmallandgoslowly.Missionsoftentakeyearstocomplete.____18____.BeingOpenToOthersAgoodscientisthasanopenmind.Itcanbeeasytoignorepeopleyoudonotagreewith.Butweshouldbeopentonewideasandaskpeoplewhattheythink.____19____.Moreover,weshouldlearnfromourmistakes.Successalmostnevercomesquicklyoreasily.Chancesareyou’llstumblemanytimesfirst,butthat’sOKbecausemakingmistakesispartoflearning.CuriosityGoodscientistsarecurious,butweshouldalsobecuriousinourdailylives.Whenwearecuriousaboutotherpeople,wecancareaboutthem.Wecanbecomemoreunderstanding.Afterall,itiseasytobekind.Youcandoitanywhere,andakindactioncanmakesomeone’sday.Youdon’tknowwhatpeoplearegoingthroughunlessyoufindout.So,askquestionsabouteverything.Askyourfriendshowthey’redoing.Askyourselfwhatmakesyoufeelalive.Aboveall,makesuretopayattentiontotheworldandthepeoplearoundyou.____20____.Itisoursuperpower,andalsowhatmakesushuman.A.AgoodscientisthaspatienceB.Don’tbeashamedofbeingcuriousC.SometimesbeingopencanbeveryharmfulD.ThatiswhyhavingpatienceissoimportantE.AskyourworkmatestohavelunchwithyouF.Tome,itisthesameaswhatmakesagoodpersonG.Weshoulddothisevenwhenwedonotagreewiththem【答案】16.F17.A18.D19.G20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是要成為一名優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家應(yīng)該具備那些條件?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Ihavewonderedaboutwhatmakesagoodscientist.(我一直想知道是什么造就了一個好的科學(xué)家。)”可知作者想知道成為一名優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家的條件，所以接下來應(yīng)該講條件有哪些。F項(xiàng)“Tome,itisthesameaswhatmakesagoodperson.(對我來說，這和造就一個好人是一樣的。)”說明成為一名優(yōu)秀科學(xué)家的條件和成為一個好人的條件是一樣的，承接上文，符合上下語境。故選F項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)本段的中心詞“Patience(耐心)”以及空后“Theyhavepatienceforothers,patienceforthemselvesandpatiencewhenthingsgowrong.(他們對別人有耐心，對自己有耐心，當(dāng)事情出錯時也有耐心。)”可知本段是圍繞著好的科學(xué)家有耐心這一點(diǎn)展開，所以空處應(yīng)該講的是優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家要有耐心這一條件，A項(xiàng)“Agoodscientisthaspatience.(一位優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家有耐心。)”概括全段的內(nèi)容，符合上下文語境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Scientificdiscoveriesdonottakeplaceovernight.Manyaresmallandgoslowly.Missionsoftentakeyearstocomplete.(科學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)并不是在一夜之間發(fā)生的。許多發(fā)現(xiàn)都很小，而且速度很慢。這些任務(wù)通常需要數(shù)年的時間才能完成。)”可知此處是在講作為一名優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家要有耐心的原因，所以接下來應(yīng)該對全段進(jìn)行總結(jié)，D項(xiàng)“Thatiswhyhavingpatienceissoimportant.(那就是為什么有耐心如此重要的原因。)”總結(jié)上文，同時回扣本段主題。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Agoodscientisthasanopenmind.Itcanbeeasytoignorepeopleyoudonotagreewith.Butweshouldbeopentonewideasandaskpeoplewhattheythink.(一個好的科學(xué)家會有一個開放的心態(tài)。忽視那些你不同意的人是很容易的。但我們應(yīng)該對新的想法持開放態(tài)度，并詢問人們他們的想法。)”可知要想成為一名好的科學(xué)家要有一個開放的心態(tài)，所以空處應(yīng)該接著說有一個開放的心態(tài)應(yīng)該怎么做，G項(xiàng)“Weshoulddothisevenwhenwedonotagreewiththem.(即使我們不同意他們的意見，我們也應(yīng)該這樣做。)”承接上文，而且G項(xiàng)中的“this”指代上文的“weshouldbeopentonewideasandaskpeoplewhattheythink.”，符合上下文語境。故選G項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】空處位于段首，是本段的主旨句。根據(jù)空后“Itisoursuperpower,andalsowhatmakesushuman.(這是我們的超能力，也是讓我們成為人類的原因。)”可知空處的主旨句應(yīng)該講我們?yōu)槭裁磿蔀槿祟?。B項(xiàng)“Don’tbeashamedofbeingcurious.(不要因?yàn)楹闷娑械叫邜u。)概括全段內(nèi)容，指明原因，而且空后的“It”指代B項(xiàng)中的“beingcurious”，符合上下文語境。故選B項(xiàng)。第三部分英語知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AnibalAmadorknowsthatbasketballisnothingwithoutthenet.Thatiswhyhe____21____spendshisownmoneybuyingbrand－newnetsforplaygroundrims(籃球框).So,forthepastfewyearsAmadorhasbeenbuyingbasketballnetsandwiththehelpofaladderhe____22____fromhisapartment,he____23____themtotherimsatahandfulofplaygroundsnearhishome.Lastyear,agroupofplayersatoneplaygroundwaited____24____asAmador,then55,carefullybalancedatthetopofhisladderandfinishedfastening____25____netstotherimsbeforecleaningthebackboardwithabrush.Whenhewasdone,they____26____.“Itismuchbetterfor____27____withthenets,”Amadorsaid,sharingahugesmile.Amadormovedherealmost30yearsago,workinginrealestate(房地產(chǎn))untilrecently.Heislookingto____28____outintosomethingelsebut,inthemeantime,heplaysbasketballtwoorthreetimesaweekand____29____thenetsathisfavoritecourtsasneeded,roughlyeverynineweeks.“The_____30_____ofplaythatthesecourtsgetissurprising,”hesaid.“It’salot,andthenetsreallydon’t_____31_____.”O(jiān)nce,whenhewasputtingupsomenewnets,oneoftheregularplayersgaveAmador＄20tocovertheexpenses.Theplayerwasshockedthatsomeonewouldbeso_____32_____withhismoneyandtime.“Ithoughtheworkedforthecity,”themansaid.“Heevenbringsoutalongbrushandcleansthe_____33_____.I’veneverseenthatbefore.”Amadorsayshedoesitsimplyfortheloveofthegame.Becauseeverygreatbasketballstarhasa_____34_____－LeBroniscalledKingJamesandEarvinJohnsonisMagic.WhenAmadorwasaskedifhehadone,withabigsmileonhisface,hereplied,“Iwasthinkingmaybe…theNet_____35_____.”21.A.rarely B.temporarily C.clumsily D.regularly22.A.discovers B.brings C.purchases D.chooses23.A.handing B.taking C.fastening D.observing24.A.patiently B.casually C.quickly D.secretly25.A.clean B.new C.special D.common26.A.left B.shocked C.cheered D.returned27.A.him B.kids C.me D.players28.A.break B.check C.bring D.branch29.A.watches B.replaces C.comments D.decorates30.A.amount B.level C.range D.degree31.A.last B.flash C.stop D.move32.A.mean B.generous C.strict D.curious33.A.apartments B.streets C.backboards D.parks34.A.career B.reputation C.profession D.nickname35.A.Cleaner B.Changer C.Seller D.Builder【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.A25.B26.C27.D28.D29.B30.A31.A32.B33.C34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了經(jīng)常定期無私更換籃網(wǎng)的55歲的AnibalAmador的故事?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這就是為什么他經(jīng)?；ㄗ约旱腻X買全新的網(wǎng)兜做運(yùn)動場的輪輞。A.rarely稀少的；罕見地；B.temporarily暫時地；C.clumsily笨拙地；D.regularly有規(guī)律地；定期地。根據(jù)空前“AnibalAmadorknowsthatbasketballisnothingwithoutthenet.”以及“spendshisownmoneybuyingbrand－newnetsforplaygroundrims(籃球框).”可知AnibalAmador知道沒有籃網(wǎng)籃球就沒有用，所以經(jīng)常自己花錢買嶄新的籃網(wǎng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，在過去的幾年里，AnibalAmador一直在購買籃球網(wǎng)，并在他從公寓帶來的梯子的幫助下，把它們固定在他家附近幾個操場的籃筐上。A.discovers發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.brings帶來；C.purchases購買；D.chooses選擇。根據(jù)空后的“fromhisapartment,”可知AnibalAmador從公寓帶來了梯子。故選B項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，在過去的幾年里，AnibalAmador一直在購買籃球網(wǎng)，并在他從公寓帶來的梯子的幫助下，把它們固定在他家附近幾個操場的籃筐上。A.handing傳遞；B.taking拿；接受；C.fastening固定；D.observing觀察；遵守；慶祝。根據(jù)后文“finishedfastening____5____netstotherimsbeforecleaningthebackboardwithabrush.”可知是把籃球網(wǎng)固定在他家附近幾個操場的籃筐上。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：去年，一群球員在一個操場上耐心等待，當(dāng)時55歲的Amador小心地站在梯子的頂部，把新網(wǎng)系在網(wǎng)圈上，然后用刷子清理籃板。A.patiently有耐心地；B.casually隨意地；C.quickly飛快地；D.secretly秘密地。根據(jù)后文“asAmador,then55,carefullybalancedatthetopofhisladderandfinishedfastening____5____netstotherimsbeforecleaningthebackboardwithabrush.Whenhewasdone,they____6____.”可知當(dāng)AnibalAmador在換籃網(wǎng)時球員們在耐心地等待著。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：去年，一群球員在一個操場上耐心等待，當(dāng)時55歲的阿馬多爾小心地站在梯子的頂部，把新網(wǎng)系在網(wǎng)圈上，然后用刷子清理籃板。A.clean干凈的；B.new新的；C.special特殊的；D.common普遍的。根據(jù)前文“Thatiswhyhe____1____spendshisownmoneybuyingbrand－newnetsforplaygroundrims(籃球框).”可知是將新籃網(wǎng)系在網(wǎng)圈上。故選B項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他結(jié)束后，他們歡呼起來。A.left離開；B.shocked震驚；C.cheered喝彩，鼓舞；D.returned歸還。根據(jù)前文“Lastyear,agroupofplayersatoneplaygroundwaited____4____asAmador,then55,carefullybalancedatthetopofhisladderandfinishedfastening____5____netstotherimsbeforecleaningthebackboardwithabrush.”可知球員們耐心等著Amador將新籃網(wǎng)換上后終于可以繼續(xù)打球，所以此處應(yīng)該是因高興而歡呼。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞或代詞詞義辨析。句意：Amador露出燦爛的笑容說：“這對球員來說更好。”A.him他；B.kids小孩；C.me我；D.players球員，參與者。根據(jù)上文“Lastyear,agroupofplayersatoneplaygroundwaited____4____asAmador,then55,carefullybalancedatthetopofhisladderandfinishedfastening____5____netstotherimsbeforecleaningthebackboardwithabrush.”可知新籃筐當(dāng)然對打球的球員更好。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他正希望拓展到其他領(lǐng)域，但與此同時，他每周打兩三次籃球，并根據(jù)需要更換他最喜歡的球場的球網(wǎng)，大約每9周更換一次。A.break打破；B.check檢查；C.bring帶來；D.branch分支，分叉。根據(jù)空后“somethingelse”可知是拓展到其他領(lǐng)域。短語branchout意為“拓展業(yè)務(wù)；擴(kuò)大活動范圍”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他正在尋求拓展到其他領(lǐng)域，但與此同時，他每周打兩三次籃球，并根據(jù)需要更換他最喜歡的球場的球網(wǎng)，大約每9周更換一次A.watches觀察；B.replaces以……取代；C.comments評論；D.decorates裝修。根據(jù)空后“thenetsathisfavoritecourtsasneeded,roughlyeverynineweeks.”可知是在他最喜歡的球場更換球網(wǎng)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些球場得到的比賽數(shù)量令人驚訝。A.amount數(shù)量；B.level水平；C.range范圍；D.degree程度。根據(jù)后文“It’salot,andthenetsreallydon’t____11____.””可知在球場打比賽的數(shù)量很大，所以籃網(wǎng)持續(xù)的時間不長。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：比賽數(shù)量很多，所以籃網(wǎng)真的不會持久?！盇.last持續(xù)；B.flash使發(fā)光，飛馳；C.stop停止；D.move移動。根據(jù)前文““The____10____ofplaythatthesecourtsgetissurprising,”hesaid.“It’salot,”可知因?yàn)楸荣悢?shù)量大，所以籃網(wǎng)不會維持很長時間。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：球員震驚于有人會對他的金錢和時間會如此慷慨。A.mean吝嗇的；刻薄的；B.generous大方的；C.strict嚴(yán)格的；D.curious好奇的。根據(jù)前文“Thatiswhyhe____1____spendshisownmoneybuyingbrand－newnetsforplaygroundrims(籃球框).”可知他自己花時間和金錢來買籃網(wǎng)、換籃網(wǎng)，所以是慷慨的。故選B項(xiàng)。33題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他甚至?xí)贸鲆话验L刷子，清理籃板。我以前從未見過這樣的情況。A.apartments公寓；B.streets街道；C.backboards籃板；D.parks公園。根據(jù)前文“beforecleaningthebackboardwithabrush.”可知是用刷子清理籃板。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)槊總€偉大的籃球明星都有一個綽號——勒布朗叫詹姆斯國王，埃爾文·約翰遜叫魔術(shù)師。A.career生涯；B.reputation名聲；C.profession職業(yè)；D.nickname綽號。根據(jù)后文“hereplied,“Iwasthinkingmaybe…theNet____15____.”可知因?yàn)樗?jīng)常更換籃網(wǎng)，所以被稱為“籃網(wǎng)更換者”，所以每個偉大的籃球明星都有一個綽號。故選D項(xiàng)。【35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)被問到他是否有一個時，他臉上帶著燦爛的笑容，回答說：“我想也許……籃網(wǎng)更換者。A.Cleaner清潔工；B.Changer改變者；C.Seller銷售者；D.Builder建造者。根據(jù)前文“Thatiswhyhe____1____spendshisownmoneybuyingbrand－newnetsforplaygroundrims(籃球框).”可知因?yàn)锳mador經(jīng)常換籃網(wǎng)，所以被稱為“籃網(wǎng)更換者”。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。BEIJING－TaikonautsoftheShenzhouXIVcrewwillcarryout24in－orbitmedicalexperimentsduringtheirsix－monthstayinChina’sspacestation,accordingtotheChinaMannedSpaceAgency.Thesespacemedicalexperimentsaremainlydesignedtostudyhowthe____36____(weight)environmentandspaceflightsaffecttaikonauts,saidLiYinghui,deputychiefdesignerofChina’smannedspaceprogramtaikonautsystem.____37____(compare)withpreviouscrewedmissions,theShenzhouXIVwillcollectbodyfluidsamples,____38____(include)taikonauts’blood,urine,andsaliva(唾液).Thetrio(三人組)willalsousespecialmethodstomeasuremuscle____39____(lose)andanalyzeurinemetabolites(代謝物).Lialsonotedthatthebodydata____40____(collect)bythepreviousShenzhouXIIandShenzhouXIIItaikonautshaslaid____41____goodfoundationfortheresearchbytheShenzhouXIVcrew.ChinaonJune5th,2022____42____(launch)thethree－personShenzhouXIVmission,____43____isthethirdcrewforthecountry’sspacestationproject.Thetaikonauttriowillcooperate____44____thegroundteam_____45_____(complete)theassemblyandconstructionoftheTiangongspacestation.Theywillalsoworkinitsexperimentcapsulesforscientificexplorationoflife,ecology,andbiotechnology.【答案】36.weightless37.Compared38.including