QCT 1209-2024《汽車噪聲與振動（NVH）術(shù)語和定義》

ICS43.020CCST40QCTermsanddefinitionsofnoiseandvibration(NVH)formotorvehicl（本稿完成日期：20231025）“在提交反饋意見時，請將您知道的相關(guān)專利連同支持性文件一并附上?！敝腥A人民共和國工業(yè)和信息化部發(fā)布IQC/TXXXXX—XXXX 12規(guī)范性引用文件 13術(shù)語和定義 1附錄A（資料性）汽車噪聲與振動（NVH）現(xiàn)象描述常用象聲詞 21 QC/TXXXXX—XXXX本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分:標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)定起請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識別專利的責(zé)任。本文件由全國汽車標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會（SAC/TC114）提出并歸口。本文件起草單位：中國汽車技術(shù)研究中心有限公司、重慶長安汽車股份有限公司、廣州汽車集團(tuán)股份有限公司、東風(fēng)汽車集團(tuán)有限公司、中國第一汽車集團(tuán)有限公司、中國重型汽車集團(tuán)有限公司。本文件主要起草人：邱群虎、廖祥凝、潘威、王永亮、馮婧婷、常晏寧、王健、陳達(dá)亮、靳紅英、任超。本文件為首次制定。1QC/TXXXXX—XXXX汽車噪聲與振動（NVH）術(shù)語和定義本文件規(guī)定了汽車噪聲與振動（NVH）相關(guān)的特定術(shù)語和定義。本文件適用于M、N類車輛。2規(guī)范性引用文件本文件沒有規(guī)范性引用文件。3術(shù)語和定義下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。3.1振動與噪聲基礎(chǔ)術(shù)語3.1.1NVH噪聲（Noise）、振動（Vibration）與聲振粗糙度（Harshness）的英文首字母組成的英文縮寫，代表由汽車產(chǎn)生的聲音和觸覺感知。3.1.2噪聲noise不需要、不希望有的聲音或其他干擾。[來源：GB/T2900.86-2009，801-21-08]3.1.3振動vibration圍繞某一平衡點(diǎn)的機(jī)械振蕩。此振蕩可以是周期性的或隨機(jī)的。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，3.1]3.1.4自由振動freevibration激勵或約束去除后系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)的振動。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，3.23]3.1.5受迫振動forcedvibration由一個與時間有關(guān)的外力所激發(fā)的系統(tǒng)振動。：（[來源：GB/T2298-2010，3.22]3.1.6周期振動periodicvibration振動參量隨時間自變量在經(jīng)過某一相同增量后能重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的振動。2QC/TXXXXX—XXXX[來源：GB/T2298-2010，3.2]3.1.7簡諧振動simpleharmonicvibration振動參量可由時間自變量的正弦函數(shù)描述的周期振動。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，3.3]3.1.8隨機(jī)振動randomvibration瞬時值不可預(yù)知的振動。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，3.4]3.1.9扭轉(zhuǎn)振動torsionalvibration物體繞自身軸線扭轉(zhuǎn)而產(chǎn)生的周期振動。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，3.6]3.1.10沖擊shock能激起系統(tǒng)瞬態(tài)擾動的力、位置、速度或加速度的突然變化。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，4.1]3.1.11激勵excitation作用于振動系統(tǒng)上的外力或其他激振形式，使系統(tǒng)以某種方式產(chǎn)生振動響應(yīng)。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，2.1.14]3.1.12響應(yīng)response振動系統(tǒng)由激勵引起的運(yùn)動或其他輸出。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，2.1.15]3.1.13阻尼damping由于外界作用和（或）系統(tǒng)本身固有的原因引起的振幅隨時間逐漸減小的特性。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，2.1.4]3.1.14結(jié)構(gòu)阻尼structuraldamping由結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)的內(nèi)部摩擦引起的結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)的能量耗散。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，3.93]3.1.15頻率frequency質(zhì)點(diǎn)在單位時間內(nèi)做周期運(yùn)動的次數(shù)。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，5.1.1，有修改]3.1.16角頻率angularfrequency單位時間內(nèi)變化的相角弧度值。3QC/TXXXXX—XXXX[來源：GB/T51306-2018，5.1.2]3.1.17固有頻率naturalfrequency由系統(tǒng)本身質(zhì)量、剛度和邊界條件所決定的振動頻率。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，5.1.3]3.1.18基頻fundamentalfrequency振動系統(tǒng)最小的固有頻率。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，5.1.4]3.1.19共振resonance當(dāng)外部激勵頻率接近結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)某固有頻率時，其振動響應(yīng)達(dá)到極大值的現(xiàn)象。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，2.2.5]3.1.20共振頻率resonancefrequency系統(tǒng)發(fā)生共振的頻率。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，6.2.6]3.1.21振幅amplitude結(jié)構(gòu)振動時，其位移、速度、加速度、內(nèi)力、應(yīng)力、應(yīng)變等振動響應(yīng)的單方向最大變化幅度。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，2.2.15]3.1.22相位phase振動物理量隨時間做簡諧運(yùn)動時，任意時刻所對應(yīng)的角變量。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，2.2.16]3.1.23峰值peakvalue給定區(qū)間的振動量的最大值。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，2.2.18]3.1.24峰峰值peak-to-peakvalue一個周期內(nèi)振動量最高值和最低值之間的差值。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，2.2.19]3.1.25均方根值rootmeansquarevalue（RMS）將N個數(shù)項的平方和除以N后開平方的值。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，2.2.20]3.1.26譜（頻譜）spectrum（frequencyspectrum）將一個量作為頻率或波數(shù)的函數(shù)的描述。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，5.3.6]3.1.274QC/TXXXXX—XXXX頻程frequencyinterval兩個聲或其他信號的頻率間的距離。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，2.62，有修改]3.1.28倍頻程octave上限頻率與下限頻率之比是2的某次方時，稱該頻帶是某次倍頻程。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，5.1.24]3.1.29拍振beatvibration兩個頻率相近、幅值相近的正弦振動信號疊加，所形成的時強(qiáng)時弱的振動。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，4.0.15]3.1.30拍頻beatfrequency兩個頻率略有差別的振動的頻率差的絕對值。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，3.39]3.1.31隔振vibrationisolation采用彈性元件（常配有阻尼元件）以隔離或減小振動傳遞的措施。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，8.1.1]3.1.32隔振效率vibrationisolationefficiency振動系統(tǒng)采用隔振后的振動響應(yīng)幅值相對于隔振前振動響應(yīng)幅值的差值與隔振前的振動響應(yīng)幅值之比。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，8.2.3]3.1.33靜剛度staticstiffness結(jié)構(gòu)在靜態(tài)力作用下某點(diǎn)力與位移的比。3.1.34動剛度dynamicstiffness在動態(tài)條件下作用力的變化與位移的變化之比。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，2.1.3]3.1.35模態(tài)mode系統(tǒng)固有特性的統(tǒng)稱。[來源：DL/T292-2011，3.4，有修改]3.1.36模態(tài)分析modalanalysis通過振動模態(tài)來表征復(fù)雜線性系統(tǒng)的振動分析方法。[來源：ISO2041-2018，3.1.44，有修改]3.1.375QC/TXXXXX—XXXX模態(tài)參數(shù)modalparameter模態(tài)的特征參數(shù)。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，5.2.9，有修改]3.1.38振型modeshapeofvibration系統(tǒng)以特定的頻率做簡諧振動時各點(diǎn)所呈現(xiàn)的運(yùn)動形態(tài)。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，5.1.10，有修改]3.1.39模態(tài)密度modaldensity每單位帶寬的模態(tài)數(shù)。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，2.47]3.1.40耦合模態(tài)coupledmodes由于能量通過阻尼從一個模態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個模態(tài)而相互影響的振動模態(tài)。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，3.64]3.1.41剛體模態(tài)rigidbodymode由結(jié)構(gòu)剛體運(yùn)動表示的模態(tài)。3.1.42聲音sound物體振動產(chǎn)生的聲波，通過介質(zhì)（空氣、固體或液體）傳播并能被人或動物聽覺器官所感知的波動現(xiàn)象。3.1.43純音puretone有單一音調(diào)的聲覺。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，11.4，有修改]3.1.44背景噪聲backgroundnoise被測汽車噪聲不存在時周圍環(huán)境的噪聲（包括風(fēng)噪）。[來源：GB1495-2002，3.4]3.1.45聲源soundsource正在發(fā)聲的物體。3.1.46聲壓soundpressure有聲波時，媒質(zhì)中的壓力與靜壓的差值。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，2.21]3.1.47聲強(qiáng)soundintensity6QC/TXXXXX—XXXX聲場中某點(diǎn)處，與質(zhì)點(diǎn)速度方向垂直的單位面積上在單位時間內(nèi)通過的聲能稱為瞬時聲強(qiáng)。它是一個矢量，在穩(wěn)態(tài)聲場中，聲強(qiáng)是瞬態(tài)聲強(qiáng)在一定時間內(nèi)的平均值。注：單位為瓦每平方米（W/m2）[來源：GB/T3947-1996，2.26]3.1.48聲功率soundpower單位時間內(nèi)通過某一面積的聲能。注：單位為瓦（W）。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，2.30]3.1.49聲功率級soundpowerlevel給定聲功率與基準(zhǔn)聲功率之比的常用對數(shù)。以分貝（dB）為單位表示的聲功率是該值的10倍。注：除另有規(guī)定外，基準(zhǔn)聲功率為1pW。[來源：GB/T2900.86-2009，801-22-05]3.1.50聲壓級soundpressurelevel給定聲壓與基準(zhǔn)聲壓之比的對數(shù)。其他媒質(zhì)中的基準(zhǔn)聲壓均1μPa。[來源：GB/T2900.86-2009，801-22-07，有修改]3.1.51計權(quán)聲壓級weightingsoundpressurelevel用計權(quán)網(wǎng)絡(luò)測得的聲壓級。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，9.2.10，有修改]3.1.52聲強(qiáng)級soundintensitylevel規(guī)定方向上的給定聲強(qiáng)與基準(zhǔn)聲強(qiáng)之比的對數(shù)。以分貝（dB）為單位表示的聲強(qiáng)級是該比值常對數(shù)值的10倍。注：除另有規(guī)定外，基準(zhǔn)聲強(qiáng)為1pW/m2。[來源：GB/T2900.86-2009，801-22-06]3.1.53聽覺判斷聲音強(qiáng)弱的屬性。根據(jù)它可以把聲音排成由輕到響的序列。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，9.7]3.1.547QC/TXXXXX—XXXX等于根據(jù)聽力正常的聽者判斷為等響的1000Hz純音（來自正前方的平面行波）的聲壓級。注：單位為方（phon）。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，9.9]3.1.55等響線equal-loudnesscontour典型聽者認(rèn)為響度相同的純音的聲壓級與頻率的關(guān)系的曲線。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，9.11]3.1.56聲場soundfield媒質(zhì)中有聲波存在的區(qū)域。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，4.56]3.1.57自由場free[sound]field均勻各向同性媒質(zhì)中，邊界影響可以不計的聲場。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，4.57]3.1.58擴(kuò)散[聲]場diffuse[sound]field能量密度均勻、在各個傳播方向作無規(guī)分布的聲場。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，4.63]3.1.59近場near[sound]field自由場中，聲源附近瞬時聲壓與瞬時質(zhì)點(diǎn)速度不同相的聲場。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，4.61]3.1.60遠(yuǎn)場far[sound]field自由場中，離聲源遠(yuǎn)處瞬時聲壓與瞬時質(zhì)點(diǎn)速度同相的聲場。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，4.62]3.1.61[聲]反射[acoustic]reflection聲波波陣面由兩種媒質(zhì)之間的表面返回的過程。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，4.43]。3.1.62混響reverberation聲源停止發(fā)聲后，聲音由于多次反射或散射而延續(xù)的現(xiàn)象。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，2.70，有修改]3.1.63聲阻抗acousticimpedance在波陣面的一定面積上的聲壓與通過這個面積的體積速度的復(fù)數(shù)比值。8QC/TXXXXX—XXXX聲阻抗可以用力阻抗表示：等于力阻抗除以有關(guān)面積的平方，單[來源：GB/T3947-1996，5.13，有修改]3.1.64吸聲soundabsorption材料或物體將在媒質(zhì)中傳播的或投射于兩種媒質(zhì)分界面上的聲能轉(zhuǎn)化為熱的過程、現(xiàn)象或特性。[GB/T2900.86-2009，801-31-01]3.1.65吸聲系數(shù)soundabsorptioncoefficient在給定頻率和條件下，被分界面（表面）或媒質(zhì)吸收的聲功率，加上經(jīng)過分界（隔聲結(jié)構(gòu)）透射的聲功率所得的和數(shù)，與入射聲功率之比。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，12.38，有修改]3.1.66反射系數(shù)reflectioncoefficient反射波能量與入射波能量之比。這表明邊界反射聲音的程度。3.1.67透射系數(shù)transmissioncoefficient透射波能量與入射波能量之比。3.1.68隔聲soundinsulationindex聲音通過阻抗不匹配裝置使聲音反射而不透射的過程。[來源：GBT51306-2018，9.3.4]3.1.69隔聲量soundreductionindex;傳聲損失transmissionloss對于規(guī)定頻帶，混響聲源室和接收室中平均聲壓級之間的差值（dB加上隔墻面積與接受室中總賽賓吸聲量之比常用對數(shù)的10倍。[來源：GB/T2900.86-2009，801-31-39，有修改]3.1.70插入損失insertionloss采取某種降噪措施前后，某一噪聲敏感點(diǎn)的噪聲級差值。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，9.3.2]3.1.71駐波standingwave振幅的空間分布固定不變的波。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，3.78]3.1.729QC/TXXXXX—XXXX心理聲學(xué)psychoacoustics，psychologicalacoustics研究聲音的主觀感覺與客觀參數(shù)間關(guān)系的科學(xué)。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，9.2]3.1.73宋sone響度的單位。頻率為1000Hz、聲壓級為40dB的一個純音所產(chǎn)生的響度是1宋。任何一個聲音的響度如果被聽者判斷為1宋的n倍，這個聲音的響度就是n宋。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，9.8]3.1.74語音清晰度articulationIndex（AI）描述在噪聲環(huán)境下說話的清晰程度。3.1.75粗糙度roughness用于描述調(diào)制頻率在20Hz～300Hz范圍的調(diào)制聲音。3.1.76尖銳度sharpness描述聲音的尖銳程度。注：單位為acum，定義中心頻率為1kHz、帶寬為160Hz的3.1.77波動度fluctuationstrength反映聲音的幅值調(diào)制特性。3.1.78白噪聲whitenoise在很寬的頻率范圍內(nèi)頻譜連續(xù)且單位帶寬能量與頻率無關(guān)的噪聲信號。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，9.1.8]3.1.79粉紅噪聲pinknoise在很寬的頻率范圍內(nèi)頻譜連續(xù)且單位帶寬能量與頻率成反比的噪聲信號。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，9.1.9]3.1.80質(zhì)量定律masslaw決定墻或間壁隔聲量的基本定律，可表達(dá)為墻或間壁的隔聲量與他的面密度的以10為底的對數(shù)成正比。注：面密度指隔聲結(jié)構(gòu)單位面積的質(zhì)量，kg/m2。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，12.25]3.1.81殘響時間/混響時間reverberationtime聲音已達(dá)到穩(wěn)態(tài)后停止聲源，平均聲能密度自原始值衰減到其百萬分之一（60dB）所需要的時間。QC/TXXXXX—XXXX[來源：GB/T3947-1996，12.47]3.1.82聽閾hearingthreshold在規(guī)定條件下，以一規(guī)定的信號進(jìn)行的多次重復(fù)試驗中，對一定百分?jǐn)?shù)的受試者能正確地判別所給信號的最低聲壓。信號的特性、它到達(dá)聽者的方式以及測量聲壓的地點(diǎn)都必須說明。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，9.16]3.1.83掩蔽masking一個聲音的聽閾因另一個聲音的存在而上升的現(xiàn)象。[來源：GB/T2900.86-2009，801-29-31，有修改]3.1.84亥姆霍茲共鳴器Helmholtzresonator在聲波作用下可激起內(nèi)部空氣發(fā)生共振而使聲音加強(qiáng)或者減弱的具有細(xì)頸（開口相比容積較?。┑奈矬w或空腔。3.1.85導(dǎo)納mobility機(jī)械系統(tǒng)中某點(diǎn)的速度與該點(diǎn)或另一點(diǎn)的力的復(fù)數(shù)比。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，2.54]3.1.86傳遞函數(shù)transferfunction零初始條件下，線性系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)（輸出）的拉普拉斯變換（或z變換）與激勵（輸入）的拉普拉斯變換（或z變換）之比。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，5.3.4]3.1.87頻率響應(yīng)函數(shù)frequency-responsefunction(FRF)線性系統(tǒng)中，以頻率為自變量的振動響應(yīng)的傅里葉變換與激勵的傅里葉變換之比，簡稱頻響函數(shù)。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，5.3.5]3.1.88振動傳遞函數(shù)vibrationtransferfunction(VTF)一個點(diǎn)的振動輸出對另一個點(diǎn)振動輸入（力）的傳遞函數(shù)。3.1.89噪聲傳遞函數(shù)noisetransferfunction(NTF)一個點(diǎn)的聲音（聲壓）對另一個點(diǎn)振動輸入（力）的傳遞函數(shù)。3.1.90聲-聲傳遞函數(shù)acoustictransferfunction(ATF)響應(yīng)點(diǎn)聲壓與聲源體積加速度的比值，是聲音對聲音的傳遞函數(shù)。注：也稱為聲-聲靈敏度，單位為帕每立方米每平方秒Pa/(m/s3.1.91原點(diǎn)動剛度inputpointinertance（IPI）測試時在結(jié)構(gòu)某個點(diǎn)上施加單位簡諧激振力，測得該點(diǎn)的加速度響應(yīng)或位移響應(yīng)，根據(jù)響應(yīng)幅值的大小來評價該位置在動載荷作用下的局部剛度。QC/TXXXXX—XXXX3.1.92空氣聲air-bornenoise(ABN)經(jīng)過空氣傳播到車內(nèi)的噪聲。3.1.93結(jié)構(gòu)聲structure-bornenoise(SBN)經(jīng)過汽車結(jié)構(gòu)傳播而來的機(jī)械振動引起的噪聲。3.1.94聲固耦合acousticstructuralcoupling結(jié)構(gòu)振動同聲場互相影響的現(xiàn)象。3.1.95空腔聲學(xué)模態(tài)cavityacousticmode封閉空腔（例如汽車乘客艙）中的聲音共振特征可表征為與特定壓力分布（振型）和固有頻率相關(guān)的聲學(xué)振動模式。3.1.96空腔共振cavityresonance當(dāng)外界振動激勵頻率或聲音激勵頻率接近或等于封閉空腔固有頻率時，空腔產(chǎn)生共鳴的現(xiàn)象。3.1.97輻射噪聲radiatednoise聲源的聲能以聲波形式傳播的噪聲。3.2NVH現(xiàn)象相關(guān)術(shù)語3.2.1車內(nèi)噪聲interiornoise車內(nèi)乘員可聽到的噪聲的總稱。3.2.2車外噪聲exteriornoise由汽車向車外輻射噪聲的總稱。3.2.3怠速振動idlevibration汽車怠速時產(chǎn)生的整車振動。3.2.4怠速噪聲idlenoise汽車怠速時產(chǎn)生的噪聲。3.2.5點(diǎn)、熄火抖動keyon/keyoffshake發(fā)動機(jī)啟動或熄火時產(chǎn)生的整車抖動現(xiàn)象。3.2.6加速振動accelerationvibration汽車加速行駛時產(chǎn)生的整車振動。3.2.7加速噪聲accelerationnoise汽車加速行駛時產(chǎn)生的噪聲。QC/TXXXXX—XXXX3.2.8勻速噪聲cruisenoise汽車勻速行駛時產(chǎn)生的噪聲。3.2.9勻速振動cruisevibration汽車勻速行駛時產(chǎn)生的整車振動。3.2.10減速振動decelerationvibration汽車減速行駛時產(chǎn)生的整車振動。3.2.11減速噪聲decelerationnoise汽車減速行駛時產(chǎn)生的噪聲。3.2.12加速橫向振動accelerationlateralvibration汽車加速時產(chǎn)生的整車左右振動的現(xiàn)象。3.2.13離合器顫振clutchjudder汽車起步時離合器結(jié)合過程中驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)扭轉(zhuǎn)振動激勵引起的整車縱向振動。3.2.14方向盤抖動steeringwheelshake轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)方向盤垂向或橫向的振動。3.2.15方向盤擺振/方向盤旋轉(zhuǎn)方向振動steeringwheelshimmy轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)方向盤繞旋轉(zhuǎn)方向的振動。3.2.16換擋沖擊shiftshock汽車在靜止或行駛時換擋產(chǎn)生的瞬態(tài)沖擊振動。通常伴隨沖擊異響。3.2.17風(fēng)噪windnoise汽車與空氣相對運(yùn)動產(chǎn)生的噪聲。3.2.18泄漏噪聲leaknoise外噪聲穿過車身縫隙或孔洞傳遞到車內(nèi)的噪聲。3.2.19空腔噪聲cavitynoise氣流在車身外部部件之間縫隙形成的空腔里面振蕩產(chǎn)生的噪聲。3.2.20風(fēng)振噪聲buffeting汽車行駛時，車窗或天窗開啟后出現(xiàn)的低頻噪聲。3.2.21纏繞振動wind-upvibration懸架系統(tǒng)中出現(xiàn)的圍繞車軸的旋轉(zhuǎn)振動。3.2.22QC/TXXXXX—XXXX路噪roadnoise汽車在行駛過程中由路面激勵引起的車內(nèi)噪聲總稱。3.2.23輪胎噪聲/胎噪tyrenoise行駛車輛的輪胎與路面相互作用、輪胎與空氣相互作用以及輪胎的變形而產(chǎn)生的空氣噪聲。3.2.24發(fā)動機(jī)噪聲enginenoise發(fā)動機(jī)本體及其附件向空間傳出的聲音，主要包含燃燒噪聲和機(jī)械噪聲兩部分。3.2.25發(fā)動機(jī)燃燒噪聲enginecombustionnoise發(fā)動機(jī)氣缸內(nèi)燃燒壓力引起的發(fā)動機(jī)本體發(fā)出的噪聲。3.2.26發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)械噪聲enginemechanicalnoise由發(fā)動機(jī)各運(yùn)動部件的振動或沖擊產(chǎn)生的噪聲總稱。3.2.27水泵噪聲waterpumpnoise水泵工作時產(chǎn)生的噪聲。3.2.28發(fā)電機(jī)噪聲alternatornoise發(fā)電機(jī)工作時產(chǎn)生的噪聲。3.2.29增壓器系統(tǒng)噪聲superchargersystemnoise增壓器系統(tǒng)（含機(jī)械增壓系統(tǒng)及渦輪增壓系統(tǒng)）工作時產(chǎn)生的噪聲。3.2.30進(jìn)氣噪聲intakenoise發(fā)動機(jī)進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的噪聲。3.2.31排氣噪聲exhaustnoise發(fā)動機(jī)排氣系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的噪聲。3.2.32齒輪嘯叫g(shù)earwhine齒輪嚙合產(chǎn)生的階次噪聲。3.2.33齒輪敲擊聲/敲齒聲gearrattle間隙輪齒連續(xù)碰撞產(chǎn)生的異常噪聲。3.2.34鼓風(fēng)機(jī)噪聲blowernoise鼓風(fēng)機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)引起的噪聲。QC/TXXXXX—XXXX3.2.35壓縮機(jī)噪聲compressornoise壓縮機(jī)工作時引起的噪聲。3.2.36風(fēng)扇噪聲fannoise風(fēng)扇旋轉(zhuǎn)引起的噪聲。3.2.37燃油泵噪聲fuelpumpnoise燃油泵工作時產(chǎn)生的噪聲。3.2.38燃油晃蕩聲fuelsloshingsound汽車在制動或蠕行等行駛工況時，燃油晃動引起的聲音。3.2.39制動顫振brakechatter制動過程中，制動器發(fā)生低頻振動的現(xiàn)象。[來源：GB/T26665-2011，4.37]3.2.40制動噪聲brakenoise制動過程中，制動引起的噪聲。[來源：GB/T26665-2011，4.38]3.2.41電動動力系統(tǒng)噪聲electricpowertrainnoise電驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)及傳動系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的噪聲總稱。3.2.42電磁噪聲electromagneticnoise電機(jī)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)工作時，電磁場交替變化引起定子或轉(zhuǎn)子等機(jī)械部件振動而產(chǎn)生的噪聲。3.2.43電機(jī)調(diào)制階次噪聲electricmotorPWMordernoise電機(jī)應(yīng)用脈寬調(diào)制控制技術(shù)，在噪聲頻譜上表現(xiàn)為在開關(guān)頻率的兩側(cè)呈對稱的邊頻階次特征的噪3.2.44異響buzz，squeakandrattle（BSR）汽車在正常使用過程中，產(chǎn)生的不正常、無規(guī)律的聲音。3.3NVH評價、試驗與分析相關(guān)術(shù)語3.3.1NVH主觀評價NVHsubjectiveevaluationQC/TXXXXX—XXXX駕乘人員對汽車噪聲與振動水平的直觀感覺與評價。3.3.2NVH客觀評價NVHobjectiveevaluation通過測試與分析的方法得到噪聲與振動的參數(shù)來評價車輛噪聲與振動。3.3.3聲品質(zhì)soundquality在特定的技術(shù)目標(biāo)或任務(wù)內(nèi)涵中聲音的適宜性。3.3.4消聲室anechoicroom邊界有效地吸收所有入射聲音、使其中基本是自由聲場的房間。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，12.72]3.3.5半消聲室semi-anechoicroom地板為反射面的消聲室，以模擬半自由空間的房間。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，12.73]3.3.6混響室reverberationroom混響時間長，使聲場盡量擴(kuò)散的房間。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，12.74]3.3.7聲學(xué)風(fēng)洞acousticwindtunnel滿足汽車風(fēng)噪測試要求的風(fēng)洞。3.3.8加速度計accelerometer加速度傳感器accelerationtransducer將輸入加速度轉(zhuǎn)換成與其成比例的輸出量（通常為電參數(shù)）的傳感器。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，5.10]3.3.9力傳感器forcetransducer將輸入力轉(zhuǎn)換成與其成比例的輸出量（通常為電參數(shù)）的傳感器。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，5.15]3.3.10振動發(fā)生器vibrationgenerator振動臺vibrationmachine激振器vibrationexciter專門設(shè)計用于產(chǎn)生振動的、振動參數(shù)是可控制和可重現(xiàn)的、具有臺面能夠固定試驗樣品進(jìn)行振動試驗的機(jī)器。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，3.100]3.3.11振動校準(zhǔn)儀vibrationcalibrator用于振動計和振動測試系統(tǒng)校準(zhǔn)的設(shè)備。3.3.12QC/TXXXXX—XXXX力錘forcehammer由剛性質(zhì)量塊、緊固在質(zhì)量塊一端的力傳感器和緊固在力傳感器另一端的錘頭組成的沖擊激勵試驗用的錘形工具。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，7.5.20]3.3.13傳聲器microphone將聲音轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)電信號的電聲換能器。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，6.15]3.3.14聲級計soundlevelmeter預(yù)加校準(zhǔn)的，包括傳聲器、放大器、衰減器、適當(dāng)計權(quán)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和具有規(guī)定動態(tài)特性的指示儀表的儀器，用以測量聲級。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，6.50]3.3.15校準(zhǔn)calibration在規(guī)定條件下，為確定測量儀器或測試系統(tǒng)所指示的量值與對應(yīng)的測量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所復(fù)現(xiàn)的量值之間關(guān)系所進(jìn)行的一組操作。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，7.3.2]3.3.16聲校準(zhǔn)器soundcalibrator在其耦合到規(guī)定型號和結(jié)構(gòu)的傳聲器上時，能在一個或多個規(guī)定的頻率產(chǎn)生一個或多個已知有效聲壓級的校準(zhǔn)裝置。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，6.65]3.3.17量程range儀器標(biāo)稱范圍的上下兩極限之差的值。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，7.2.2]3.3.18靈敏度sensitivity輸出量的變化值與相應(yīng)的被測量的變化值之比。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，7.2.3]3.3.19數(shù)字信號處理digitalsignalprocessing(DSP)用數(shù)字技術(shù)對信號進(jìn)行采集、存儲、傳輸、變換等的方法和技術(shù)。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，14.29]3.3.20采樣sampling以時間、角度、轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)或其他獨(dú)立機(jī)械變量的值為序?qū)σ粋€變化的物理量進(jìn)行的測量。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，6.2]3.3.21采樣頻率samplingfrequency對于均勻的采樣數(shù)據(jù)，單位時間內(nèi)采樣的點(diǎn)數(shù)。QC/TXXXXX—XXXX[來源：GB/T2298-2010，6.3]3.3.22采樣周期samplingperiod兩個連續(xù)采樣點(diǎn)之間的持續(xù)時間。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，6.4]3.3.23奈奎斯特頻率Nyquistfrequency以給定的采樣速率采集的數(shù)據(jù)之最大可用頻率。注：奈奎斯特頻率fN=fs/2。其中：fs——采樣頻率[來源：GB/T2298-2010，6.5]3.3.24采樣間隔samplinginterval兩連續(xù)采樣之間的以物理單位或工程單位（例如：時間，角度，轉(zhuǎn)速）表示的數(shù)量。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，6.7]3.3.25記錄長度recordlength采樣數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)的一個連續(xù)集合中所包含的數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)的個數(shù)。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，6.28]3.3.26混迭aliasing在采樣頻率不夠高時，信號在采樣過程中其頻段內(nèi)疊加虛象譜的現(xiàn)象。在信號重建時形成的噪聲稱為混迭噪聲（aliasingnoise）。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，14.44]3.3.27頻率分辨率frequencyresolution兩相鄰譜線之間的頻率差。[來源：GB/T2298-2010，6.8]3.3.28傅里葉變換Fouriertransform將滿足一定條件的某個函數(shù)表示成三角函數(shù)（正弦和/或余弦函數(shù)）或者它們的積分的線性組合。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，5.2.4]3.3.29計權(quán)weighting對信號進(jìn)行變換或約束的一種方法。其基本點(diǎn)是突出信號中的某些成分，抑制信號中的另一些成分。對信號不同成分所乘的不同比例因子稱為計權(quán)函數(shù)（weightingfunction）。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，2.85]3.3.30窗函數(shù)windowfunction為了減少因數(shù)據(jù)截斷造成的信號頻譜能量泄露，對信號進(jìn)行截斷處理時所用的權(quán)函數(shù)，簡稱窗。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，7.4.11]QC/TXXXXX—XXXX3.3.31振動加速度級vibrationlevel加速度與基準(zhǔn)加速度之比，并以10為底的對數(shù)乘以20。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，5.4.1]3.3.32階次order旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)每轉(zhuǎn)一圈某事件發(fā)生的次數(shù)。3.3.33階次分析orderanalysis將頻譜與旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)速關(guān)聯(lián)起來的方法。3.3.34傳遞路徑transferpath激勵源與響應(yīng)點(diǎn)之間的路徑。3.3.35傳遞路徑分析transferpathanalysis(TPA)用于識別和評價能量從激勵源到某個響應(yīng)點(diǎn)的各個結(jié)構(gòu)與空氣傳遞路徑的方法。3.3.36有限元法finiteelementmethod(FEM)一種將連續(xù)體離散化，以求解各種力學(xué)問題的數(shù)值方法。3.3.37邊界元法boundaryelementmethod以定義在邊界上的邊界積分方程為控制方程，通過對邊界分元插值離散，化為代數(shù)方程組求解。3.3.38統(tǒng)計能量法statisticalenergyanalysis(SEA)從能量觀點(diǎn)研究和分析振動與噪聲的統(tǒng)計處理方法。3.3.39模態(tài)試驗modaltest為確定系統(tǒng)模態(tài)參數(shù)所做的振動試驗。[來源：GB/T51306-2018，7.5.6]3.3.40車身氣密性試驗bodyairleakagetest根據(jù)壓差式流量測量原理來測量車身泄漏的試驗。3.4NVH控制技術(shù)相關(guān)術(shù)語3.4.1環(huán)境噪聲environmentnoise在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、建筑施工、交通運(yùn)輸和社會生活中所產(chǎn)生的干擾周圍生活環(huán)境的聲音。3.4.2道路交通噪聲roadtrafficnoise汽車在道路上行駛時產(chǎn)生的噪聲。QC/TXXXXX—XXXX3.4.3汽車定置噪聲noiseemittedbystationarymotorvehicle車輛不行駛，發(fā)動機(jī)處于空載運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)時產(chǎn)生的噪聲。3.4.4汽車加速行駛車外噪聲noiseemittedbyacceleratingmotorvehicle汽車加速行駛時產(chǎn)生的車外噪聲。3.4.5聲學(xué)包soundpackage汽車上用于吸聲或隔聲的部件的統(tǒng)稱。注：狹義的聲學(xué)包是指起到吸聲或隔聲的內(nèi)飾件。廣義的聲學(xué)包指汽車上3.4.6吸聲材料soundabsorptionmaterial由于多孔性、薄膜作用或共振作用而對入射聲能具有吸收作用的材料。[來源：GB/T3947-1996，12.52]3.4.7阻尼材料dampingmaterial通過將振動能轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能來吸收振動能的材料。常見為阻尼板、阻尼片、瀝青板等。3.4.8靜態(tài)密封staticseal汽車靜止時的密封。3.4.9動態(tài)密封dynamicseal汽車運(yùn)動時的密封。3.4.10阻性消聲器absorptivesilencer具有相對小壓力損失的寬頻帶聲衰減消聲器，通過多孔或纖維材料的管道內(nèi)襯的摩擦將聲能部分地轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能。[來源：GB/T20431-2006，3.2，有修改]3.4.11抗性消聲器reactivesilencer反射型和共振型消聲器的總稱，其主要的衰減不是聲能損耗。[來源：GB/T20431-2006，3.3]3.4.12橡膠懸置rubbermount以橡膠為隔振元件的隔振器。3.4.13液壓懸置hydraulicmount以橡膠和液壓減振機(jī)構(gòu)為隔振元件的隔振器。3.4.14空氣彈簧airspring以空氣作為彈性介質(zhì)的彈簧。QC/TXXXXX—XXXX[來源：GB/T34591-2017,2.2.1]3.4.15噪聲主動控制activenoisecontrol（ANC）在空間某一點(diǎn)，通過初級聲波與次級聲波的相消性干涉達(dá)到降噪目的的噪聲控制方法。注：也稱為主動噪聲控制。一個將要被控制的聲場，稱為初級聲場（pri（primarynoisesource），所產(chǎn)生的的噪聲為初級噪聲（primarynoise）或初級聲波。人為產(chǎn)生的、用于抵消初級產(chǎn)生次級噪聲的作動器稱為次級作動器，如果該作動器為聲源，則稱為次級聲源（seco3.4.16噪聲主動控制系統(tǒng)activenoisecontrolsystem（ANCS）采用主動控制思想構(gòu)建的抵消初級噪聲的系統(tǒng)。3.4.17發(fā)動機(jī)主動降噪enginenoisecancellation（ENC）通過監(jiān)測發(fā)動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速、車內(nèi)噪聲等信號，利用揚(yáng)聲器發(fā)出與車內(nèi)原噪聲幅值相同相位相反的聲波來降低發(fā)動機(jī)階次噪聲。3.4.18路噪主動降噪roadnoisecancellation（RNC）通過監(jiān)測車身或底盤的振動、車內(nèi)噪聲等信號，利用揚(yáng)聲器發(fā)出與車內(nèi)原噪聲幅值相同相位相反的聲波來降低路噪。3.4.19主動聲音增強(qiáng)activesoundenhancement（ASE）通過設(shè)計使汽車音響發(fā)出改變或增強(qiáng)汽車內(nèi)外的聲音。3.4.20汽車提示音系統(tǒng)acousticvehiclealertingsystem（AVAS）在汽車行駛所發(fā)出噪聲值低于一定數(shù)值時，用于發(fā)出提示聲音、以有效地傳遞信息給其他道路使用者的系統(tǒng)。[來源：GB/T37153-2018，3.1]3.4.21電動汽車低速提示音acousticvehiclealertingofelectricvehiclerunningatlowspeed）電動汽車行駛車速低于一定數(shù)值時，由汽車提示音系統(tǒng)發(fā)出的提示聲音。[來源：GB/T37153-2018，3.2]QC/TXXXXX—XXXX（資料性）汽車噪聲與振動（NVH）現(xiàn)象描述常用象聲詞A.1轟鳴booming車內(nèi)發(fā)生的較低頻率且近似純音并壓迫耳膜的聲音，通常頻率范圍為60Hz～200Hz。A.2鼓音drumming一種低沉、類似打鼓、常伴有壓耳感的聲音，通常頻率范圍為20Hz～60Hz。A.3嘯叫whine齒輪或傳動箱等在旋轉(zhuǎn)時發(fā)出的嗚嗚聲。A.4敲擊聲rattle形容快速無規(guī)律的撞擊聲。A.5撞擊聲clunk傳動系統(tǒng)因存在間隙而碰撞產(chǎn)生的沖擊噪聲。A.6口哨聲whistle類似口哨的高頻噪聲，例如后視鏡縫隙引起的口哨聲。A.7隆隆聲rumble類似保齡球在球道上的滾動聲，如發(fā)動機(jī)隆隆聲。A.8嗡嗡聲buzz常用來描述儀表板、硬飾板等部件共振時產(chǎn)生的聲音，有明顯的拍擊、抖動感。A.9尖叫聲squeal形容摩擦導(dǎo)致的持續(xù)時間較長的高頻聲，如制動尖叫聲。A.10吱吱聲squeak尖厲刺耳的吱吱聲，兩個接觸的零部件相對滑動摩擦產(chǎn)生的噪聲，如門栓缺乏潤滑油時發(fā)出的吱呀聲。A.11嘶嘶聲hiss漏氣的噓聲，如空氣從輪胎泄出的聲音、發(fā)動機(jī)增壓器系統(tǒng)的嘶嘶聲。A.12泄氣聲whoosh增壓器泄氣閥打開瞬間高壓側(cè)氣體往低壓側(cè)噴射而產(chǎn)生的氣流噪聲。QC/TXXXXX—XXXX參考文獻(xiàn)[1]GB/T2900.86-2009電工術(shù)語聲學(xué)和電聲學(xué)[2]GB/T2298-2010機(jī)械振動、沖擊與狀態(tài)監(jiān)測詞匯[3]GB/T51306-2018工程振動術(shù)語和符號標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4]GB/T3947-1996聲學(xué)名詞術(shù)語[5]DL/T292-2011火力發(fā)電廠汽水管道振動控制導(dǎo)則[6]ISO2041-2018Mechanicalvibration,shockandconditionmonitoring-Vocabulary[7]GB/T26665-2011制動器術(shù)語[8]GB1495-2002汽車加速行駛車外噪聲限值及測量方法[9]GB/T20431-2006聲學(xué)消聲器噪聲控制指南[10]GB/T37153-2018電動汽車低速提示音QC/TXXXXX—XXXX漢語拼音索引白噪聲···················································································································3.1.78半消聲室··················································································································3.3.5背景噪聲················································································································3.1.44倍頻程···················································································································3.1.28邊界元法················································································································3.3.37波動度···················································································································3.1.77采樣······················································································································3.3.20采樣間隔················································································································3.3.24采樣頻率················································································································3.3.21采樣周期················································································································3.3.22殘響時間/混響時間··································································································3.1.81插入損失················································································································3.1.70纏繞振動·············································································································3.2.21車內(nèi)噪聲··················································································································3.2.1車身氣密性試驗·······································································································3.3.40車外噪聲··················································································································3.2.2齒輪敲擊聲/敲齒聲··································································································3.2.33齒輪嘯叫················································································································3.2.32沖擊······················································································································3.1.10傳遞函數(shù)················································································································3.1.86傳遞路徑················································································································3.3.34傳遞路徑分析··········································································································3.3.35傳聲器···················································································································3.3.13窗函數(shù)···················································································································3.3.30純音······················································································································3.1.43粗糙度···················································································································3.1.75怠速噪聲··················································································································3.2.4怠速振動··················································································································3.2.5道路交通噪聲············································································································3.4.2導(dǎo)納······················································································································3.1.85等響線···················································································································3.1.55電磁噪聲················································································································3.2.42電動動力系統(tǒng)噪聲····································································································3.2.41電動汽車低速提示音·································································································3.4.21QC/TXXXXX—XXXX電機(jī)調(diào)制階次噪聲····································································································3.2.43點(diǎn)、熄火抖動············································································································3.2.5動剛度···················································································································3.1.34動態(tài)密封··················································································································3.4.9發(fā)電機(jī)噪聲·············································································································3.2.28發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)械噪聲·······································································································3.2.26發(fā)動機(jī)燃燒噪聲·······································································································3.2.25發(fā)動機(jī)噪聲·············································································································3.2.24發(fā)動機(jī)主動降噪·······································································································3.4.17反射系數(shù)················································································································3.1.66方向盤擺振/方向盤旋轉(zhuǎn)方向振動················································································3.2.15方向盤抖動·············································································································3.2.14粉紅噪聲················································································································3.1.79峰峰值···················································································································3.1.24風(fēng)扇噪聲················································································································3.2.36風(fēng)噪······················································································································3.2.17風(fēng)振噪聲················································································································3.2.20峰值······················································································································3.1.23傅里葉變換·············································································································3.3.28輻射噪聲················································································································3.1.97剛體模態(tài)················································································································3.1.41隔聲······················································································································3.1.68隔聲量···················································································································3.1.69隔振······················································································································3.1.31隔振效率················································································································3.1.32共振······················································································································3.1.19共振頻率················································································································3.1.20鼓風(fēng)機(jī)噪聲·············································································································3.2.34鼓音···························································································································A.2固有頻率················································································································3.1.17亥姆霍茲共鳴器·······································································································3.1.84轟鳴···························································································································A.1換擋沖擊················································································································3.2.16環(huán)境噪聲··················································································································3.4.1混迭······················································································································3.3.26混響······················································································································3.1.62混響室·····················································································································3.3.6QC/TXXXXX—XXXX激勵······················································································································3.1.11記錄長度················································································································3.3.25基頻······················································································································3.1.18計權(quán)······················································································································3.3.29計權(quán)聲壓級·············································································································3.1.51加速度計/加速度傳感器······························································································3.3.8加速橫向振動··········································································································3.2.12加速噪聲··················································································································3.2.7加速振動··················································································································3.2.6尖叫聲························································································································A.9尖銳度···················································································································3.1.76減速噪聲················································································································3.2.11減速振動·············································································································