福建省龍巖市2022-2023學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期7月期末考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1福建省龍巖市2022-2023學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期7月期末英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Telephonehermother.B.Treatthemantolunch.C.Invitethemantoamovie.2.Howdoesthewomangotoclasses?A.Onfoot.B.Bycar.C.Bybus.3.Whyisthemanmakingthecall?A.Toapplyforajob.B.Toaskforsickleave.C.Toarrangehisworkschedule.4.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onthestreet.B.Atastore.C.Intheman'sworkplace.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.WhenTom'sbirthdayis.B.WhetherTomlikestakingpictures.C.Whatgiftthemanshouldprepare.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wheredothewoman'sfriendslive?A.Inavillage.B.Inatown.C.Inacity.7.Howdidthewomanfeelatherfriends'placeatnight?A.Relaxed.B.Excited.C.Frightened.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman'spictures?A.Professional.B.Serious.C.Basic.9.Whatdidthewomanusetotakethepictures?A.Herphone.B.Hercamera.C.Herparents'camera.10.Whatdidthewomandolastyear?A.Sheattendedacourse.B.Shedidsomeexperiments.C.Shegotabetterphone.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatwasthemandoingwhenhehurthisknee?A.Hewasrunning.B.Hewasridingabike.C.Hewasgoingdownstairs.12.Whendidthemanhurthisarm?A.Yesterdaymorning.B.Yesterdayafternoon.C.Yesterdayevening.13.Whatdoesthewomantellthemantodo?A.Takesomemedicine.B.Dosomeexamination.C.Dealwiththecutcarefully.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Jogging.B.Swimming.C.Mountainbiking.15.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthemorning.B.Atnoon.C.Intheevening.16.Whosepartywillthespeakersgoto?A.Todd's.B.Simone's.C.Frankie's.17.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Workmates.B.Husbandandwife.C.Neighbors.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Wheredidthespeakerstayduringhervacation?A.Inatent.B.Inahotel.C.Inherfriend'shouse.19.Whatdidthespeakerdoonthefirstday?A.Sheswaminthesea.B.Sheplayedballgames.C.Sheattendedsurfinglessons.20.Howdidthespeakerspendmostofhertimeduringthevacation?A.Playingataclub.B.Stayingonthebeach.C.Walkingwithherfriends.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAreyoulookingfordestinationsofyoursummertrips?Let’scheckitout!SingaporeSingaporeisanenergeticmulticulturalcity-stateinSoutheastAsia.ItoffersauniquemixofChinese,Malay,Indian,andWesterncultures.Thecityhasanimpressiveskylineandisacenterforbusiness,shopping,anddining.VisitorscanexplorethebusymarketsofChinatown,LittleIndia,andArabStreet,aswellastheGardensbytheBayandtheMarinaBaySands.IstanbulIstanbulisacitywheretwocontinentsmeet,EuropeandAsia.ItisaculturalmeltingpotwithinfluencesfromGreek,Roman,Byzantine,andOttomanempires.Thecityfeaturesamazingarchitecture,suchastheHagiaSophiaandBlueMosque,andarichcookingscenewithtraditionalTurkishdelights.VisitorscanalsotakeaboatrideacrosstheBosphorusStraittoexploretheAsiansideofthecity.HongKongHongKongisabusyinternationalcityinChinathatcombinesEasternandWesterncultures.Thecityisfamousforitsskyscrapers,streetmarkets,anddelicioussnacks.Visitorscanexplorethecity'shistoricstreetsinCentral,takeacablecar(纜車(chē))uptoVictoriaPeakforfascinatingviews,orvisitthegiantBuddhastatueonLantauIsland.TorontoTorontoisCanada’slargestcityandisknownforitsmulticulturalismanddiversity.Thecityishometoover140languages,andoverhalfofitspopulationwasbornoutsideofCanada.Toronto’sculturalscenereflectsthisdiversity,withnumerousfestivalscelebratingdifferentcultures,suchasCaribana,theTorontoInternationalFilmFestival,andtheTasteoftheDanforthGreekfestivalClickhereformoreinformationabouttheattractivedestinationsintheworld!1.WherecantouristsexperienceamixofancientEuropeanandAsiancultures?A.Toronto. B.HongKong C.Istanbul. D.Singapore.2.WhatisspecialaboutToronto?A.Itcoversthelargestareaofthefour. B.Thenativepeopleareinthemajority.C.Itownsarangeofstreetmarkets. D.Itofferschancestoexperiencefestivals.3.Whatdothefourdestinationshaveincommon?A.Culturaldiversity. B.Uniquearchitecture.C.Convenienttransport. D.Distinctivelanguages.〖答案〗1.C2.D3.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個(gè)夏季旅游目的地?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Istanbul部分的“Istanbulisacitywheretwocontinentsmeet,EuropeandAsia.ItisaculturalmeltingpotwithinfluencesfromGreek,Roman,Byzantine,andOttomanempires.(伊斯坦布爾是歐洲和亞洲兩大洲交匯的城市。它是一個(gè)文化大熔爐，受到希臘、羅馬、拜占庭和奧斯曼帝國(guó)的影響。)”可知，在伊斯坦布爾游客能體驗(yàn)到古代歐洲和亞洲文化的融合。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Toronto部分的“Toronto'sculturalscenereflectsthisdiversity,withnumerousfestivalscelebratingdifferentcultures,suchasCaribana,theTorontoInternationalFilmFestival,andtheTasteoftheDanforthGreekfestival(多倫多的文化景觀反映了這種多樣性，有許多慶祝不同文化的節(jié)日，例如Caribana，多倫多國(guó)際電影節(jié)和Danforth希臘節(jié)的味道)”可知，多倫多提供了體驗(yàn)節(jié)日的經(jīng)歷。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Singaporeisanenergeticmulticulturalcity-stateinSoutheastAsia.(新加坡是東南亞一個(gè)充滿(mǎn)活力的多元文化城邦。)”，第三段的“ItisaculturalmeltingpotwithinfluencesfromGreek,Roman,Byzantine,andOttomanempires.(它是一個(gè)文化大熔爐，受到希臘、羅馬、拜占庭和奧斯曼帝國(guó)的影響。)”，第四段的“HongKongisabusyinternationalcityinChinathatcombinesEasternandWesterncultures.(香港是中國(guó)一個(gè)繁忙的國(guó)際城市，融合了東西方文化。)”以及第五段的“TorontoisCanada'slargestcityandisknownforitsmulticulturalismanddiversity.(多倫多是加拿大最大的城市，以其多元文化和多樣性而聞名。)”可知，這四個(gè)城市都有文化的多樣性。故選A。BMalalaYousafzai,theyoungestNobelPrizewinner,isaPakistaniteenagegirl.AndsheisbestknownforherwonderfulworkpromotingtheeducationandrightsofwomenandgirlsinPakistan.Bornin1997,MalalagrewupintheSwatValleyinnorthernPakistan,wheretheleadingpartygainedcontrolin2007,andeducationforgirlsandculturalactivitieslikeplayingmusicandflyingkiteswerebanned(禁止).Despitethedangers,MalalacontinuedtoattendschoolandbecameanoutspokenspeakerforeducationalrightsforgirlsinPakistan.In2012,attheageof15,shewasshotintheheadonherwayhomefromschool.Fortunately,Malalasurvivedtheattackandcontinuedherworkfromabroad,eventuallybecomingtheyoungestpersonevertoreceivetheNobelPeacePrizein2014,attheageofjust17.Malala’sstoryprovesthepowerofculturaldiversityandtheimportanceoffightingforequalrightsandopportunitiesforalltotheworld.Herunshakabledevotiontoeducationandhelpingwomenandgirlsfortheirrightshasinspiredpeoplearoundtheworldandservesasareminderthateveninthefaceofgreatadversities,changeispossible.Inadditiontoherwork,MalalahasalsofoundedtheMalalaFund,whichaimstoprovideeducationandresourcestogirlsinsomeoftheworld'sleastdevelopedareas.Today,Malalacontinuestobealeadingvoiceinthefightforequalityandjustice,andherstoryalsoservesasapowerfulreminderoftheimportanceofpreservingandcelebratingdiversityinallitsforms.4.WhatdoesMalalaYousafzaiwantmosttoachieveforgirlsinPakistan?A.Theirrightsforvoting. B.Theiraccesstoschooling.C.Theiropportunitiesforjobs. D.Theirchancesforimportantpositions.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adversities”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Times. B.Difficulties. C.Situations. D.Puzzles.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMalalaYousafzai?A.Ambitiousandenergetic. B.Responsibleandthoughtful.C.Courageousanddetermined D.Pioneeringandadventurous.7.WhatdoesthetextmainlyfocusonaboutMalala?A.Hersurvivingthekilling. B.HerwinningtheNoblePeacePrize.C.Herseekingforjusticeforherpeople. D.Herfightingforequalrightsforfemales.〖答案〗4.B5.B6.C7.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是記敘文。這篇短文主要介紹了巴基斯坦的一個(gè)著名女孩-—MalalaYousafzai。文章主要講述了她為爭(zhēng)取婦女平等而努力的事跡?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“MalalaYousafzai,theyoungestNobelPrizewinner,isaPakistaniteenagegirl.AndsheisbestknownforherwonderfulworkpromotingtheeducationandrightsofwomenandgirlsinPakistan.(馬拉拉·優(yōu)素福扎伊是最年輕的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主，她是一名巴基斯坦少女。她最為人所知的是她在促進(jìn)巴基斯坦婦女和女孩的教育和權(quán)利方面的出色工作)”可知，馬拉拉·優(yōu)素福扎伊為巴基斯坦女孩爭(zhēng)取最大的利益是接受教育，故選B?！?題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)三段“Despitethedangers,MalalacontinuedtoattendschoolandbecameanoutspokenspeakerforeducationalrightsforgirlsinPakistan.In2012,attheageof15,shewasshotintheheadonherwayhomefromschool.(盡管有危險(xiǎn)，馬拉拉繼續(xù)上學(xué)，并成為巴基斯坦女孩受教育權(quán)的直言不諱的演講者。2012年，15歲的她在放學(xué)回家的路上頭部中彈)”以及劃線詞所在句“Herunshakabledevotiontoeducationandhelpingwomenandgirlsfortheirrightshasinspiredpeoplearoundtheworldandservesasareminderthateveninthefaceofgreatadversities,changeispossible.(她堅(jiān)定不移地致力于教育事業(yè)，幫助婦女和女童爭(zhēng)取權(quán)利，這激勵(lì)了世界各地的人們，并提醒人們，即使面臨巨大的adversities，變革也是可能的)”可知，馬拉拉堅(jiān)定不移為致力于教育事業(yè)，幫助婦女和女童，爭(zhēng)取平等的權(quán)利，付出了艱辛和努力，因此推動(dòng)她的事情激勵(lì)人們，面對(duì)艱難困境也會(huì)有改變。由此可知，劃線詞與B項(xiàng)difficulties(困難)意思相近。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Despitethedangers,MalalacontinuedtoattendschoolandbecameanoutspokenspeakerforeducationalrightsforgirlsinPakistan.In2012,attheageof15,shewasshotintheheadonherwayhomefromschool(盡管有危險(xiǎn)，馬拉拉繼續(xù)上學(xué)，并成為巴基斯坦女孩受教育權(quán)的直言不諱的演講者。2012年，15歲的她在放學(xué)回家的路上頭部中彈)”和倒數(shù)第二段“Inadditiontoherwork,MalalahasalsofoundedtheMalalaFund,whichaimstoprovideeducationandresourcestogirlsinsomeoftheworld'sleastdevelopedareas.(除了她的工作，馬拉拉還成立了馬拉拉基金，旨在為世界上一些最不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的女孩提供教育和資源)”可知，盡管馬拉拉遭遇危險(xiǎn)，但是她并沒(méi)有妥協(xié)，而是繼續(xù)勇敢的為婦女權(quán)利而戰(zhàn)。由此推知，她是勇敢并堅(jiān)定的。故選C。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“MalalaYousafzai,theyoungestNobelPrizewinner,isaPakistaniteenagegirl.AndsheisbestknownforherwonderfulworkpromotingtheeducationandrightsofwomenandgirlsinPakistan.(馬拉拉·優(yōu)素福扎伊是最年輕的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主，她是一名巴基斯坦少女。她最為人所知的是她在促進(jìn)巴基斯坦婦女和女孩的教育和權(quán)利方面的出色工作)”和最后一段“Inadditiontoherwork,MalalahasalsofoundedtheMalalaFund,whichaimstoprovideeducationandresourcestogirlsinsomeoftheworld'sleastdevelopedareas.(除了她的工作，馬拉拉還成立了馬拉拉基金，旨在為世界上一些最不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的女孩提供教育和資源)”可推知，文章主要集中馬拉拉為女性爭(zhēng)取平等權(quán)利的事跡上。故選D。CLightning(閃電)strikesmorethaneightmilliontimesadayworldwide.That’sabout93timespersecond.Whataphenomenon!Howhotisalightningbolt?About50,000°F-fivetimeshotterthanthesurfaceofthesun.Yes,itreallycanrainfrogs,fish,andotherdecidedlyoddthings.It’sararemeteorological(氣象學(xué)的)event,butscientistssaystrongwindsfromatornadoorfromastormcanbepowerfulenoughtodriveanimalsandobjectshighintotheair,andtheyhavetocomedowneventually.Itisabadideatotakeashowerduringathunderstorm.Iflightninghitsyourhouse,itcantravelthroughyourplumbing(管道設(shè)備)andshockanyonewhocomesintocontactwithwaterflowingthroughit.Peoplehavebeenshockedorkilledwhilebathing,washingdishesandclothes.Thisisalsowhyindoorpoolsoftencloseduringstorms.Rubbertiresarenotwhatprotectyoufromlightningwhenyou’reinyourcar.You’reprotectedbecausewhenlightninghitsacar,ittravelsaroundtheoutsideofthemetalstructuretogettotheground.Justbecarefulnottotouchanymetalareasinside.Lightningcanstrikethesameplacetwice—anditoftendoes,especiallyobjectsthataretall,pointy,andseparated.TheEmpireStateBuilding,forexample,ishitalmost100timesayear,accordingtotheCDC.Youcanbestruckbylightningevenwhenit’snotraining.About10percentoflightningstrikestakeplacewhenthere’snorainfall.Inthe1980s,NASAflewoneairplanethrough1.496thunderstorms.Itwasstruckbylightningmorethan700times.Today,acommercialairplanewillbehitbylightningaboutonceayearonaverage,typicallywithnoilleffects.IthasbeendecadessinceaU.S.airlinerhascrashedasaresultofalightningstrike.Todealwithsuchafrequentphenomenon,everyday,twiceaday,weathertrackers,atthesametime,launchgiantballoonsfromalmost900locationsworldwide.Theballoonsmeasureabovegroundweatherdatasuchastemperature,humidity(濕氣),andwindspeed,andtheyprovidevitalinformationthatmeteorologistsusetomakeforecastsandpredictlightning.8.Whatcanlightningleadtoaccordingtothetext?A.Burningeverything. B.Raininganimals.C.Shockingeverybodyoutdoors. D.Hittinganobjectforonce.9.Whatistherightthingtododuringalightningstrike?A.Takeabathathome. B.Swiminapool.C.Avoidmetalthings. D.Standunderatalltree.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Nosignofrainfallmeansnolightning.B.Effortshavebeenmadetokeepaircraftsafe.C.Commercialplanescanescapelightninghits.D.TheEmpireStateBuildingfacesmostlightningstrikes.11.Whatreducesthedamageofalightningstrike?A.Lightninglocation. B.Measurementballoons.C.Changingwinddirection. D.Weatherforecastandprediction.〖答案〗8.B9.C10.B11.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。這篇文章討論了閃電的各個(gè)方面。閃電是一種世界范圍內(nèi)的常見(jiàn)現(xiàn)象，每天大約發(fā)生800萬(wàn)次，其溫度可能比太陽(yáng)表面還要高。這篇文章還強(qiáng)調(diào)了閃電的奇怪現(xiàn)象，以及提到了安全問(wèn)題，最后，文章解釋了氣象追蹤者發(fā)射氣球來(lái)收集氣象數(shù)據(jù)和預(yù)測(cè)閃電?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Yes,itreallycanrainfrogs,fish,andotherdecidedlyoddthings.(是的，它真的可以下青蛙、魚(yú)和其他絕對(duì)奇怪的東西。)”可知，它真的可以下青蛙、魚(yú)和其他絕對(duì)奇怪的東西。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Rubbertiresarenotwhatprotectyoufromlightningwhenyou'reinyourcar.You'reprotectedbecausewhenlightninghitsacar,ittravelsaroundtheoutsideofthemetalstructuretogettotheground.Justbecarefulnottotouchanymetalareasinside.(當(dāng)你在車(chē)?yán)锏臅r(shí)候，橡膠輪胎并不能保護(hù)你免受雷擊。你受到了保護(hù)，因?yàn)楫?dāng)閃電擊中汽車(chē)時(shí)，它會(huì)繞過(guò)金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的外部到達(dá)地面。只是要小心不要碰里面的金屬區(qū)域。)”可知，閃電的時(shí)候，要避免觸碰金屬區(qū)域。故選C?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Todealwithsuchafrequentphenomenon,everyday,twiceaday,weathertrackers,atthesametime,launchgiantballoonsfromalmost900locationsworldwide.Theballoonsmeasureabovegroundweatherdatasuchastemperature,humidity(濕氣),andwindspeed,andtheyprovidevitalinformationthatmeteorologistsusetomakeforecastsandpredictlightning.(為了應(yīng)對(duì)這種頻繁的現(xiàn)象，天氣追蹤者每天，每天兩次，同時(shí)從全球近900個(gè)地點(diǎn)發(fā)射巨大的氣球。這些氣球測(cè)量地面上的天氣數(shù)據(jù)，如溫度、濕度和風(fēng)速，并為氣象學(xué)家提供重要信息，用于預(yù)測(cè)和預(yù)測(cè)閃電。)”可知，為了保證飛機(jī)的安全，已經(jīng)做出了努力。故選B?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Todealwithsuchafrequentphenomenon,everyday,twiceaday,weathertrackers,atthesametime,launchgiantballoonsfromalmost900locationsworldwide.Theballoonsmeasureabovegroundweatherdatasuchastemperature,humidity(濕氣),andwindspeed,andtheyprovidevitalinformationthatmeteorologistsusetomakeforecastsandpredictlightning.(為了應(yīng)對(duì)這種頻繁的現(xiàn)象，天氣追蹤者每天，每天兩次，同時(shí)從全球近900個(gè)地點(diǎn)發(fā)射巨大的氣球。這些氣球測(cè)量地面上的天氣數(shù)據(jù)，如溫度、濕度和風(fēng)速，并為氣象學(xué)家提供重要信息，用于預(yù)測(cè)和預(yù)測(cè)閃電。)”可知，天氣預(yù)報(bào)和預(yù)測(cè)閃電能夠減少雷擊造成的傷害。故選D。DTwelvewantstomakeagreatnumberofproductsgreenerbychangingwherethecarbonusedintheirproductioncomesfrom—takingitfromcarbondioxidecaughtintheairinsteadoffromthegroundintheformoffossilfuels.“Ifwecantakethebasiccarbonmolecule(分子)andputnewelementsaroundit,inthatcase,itcanbeusefulinindustry,”saysco-founderEtoshaCave,“wecanbasicallyshiftwhat’shappeningwithouratmosphereandwhat’shappeningwithclimatechange.”O(jiān)r,asherfellowco-founderKendraKuhlputsit:“Changingcarbonchangeseverything.”Toachievethistransformation(轉(zhuǎn)變),thecompanycreatedacatalyst,somethingthatbreaksdowncarbondioxidecaughtfromtheairintosmalleratomicbits,suchascarbonandoxygen,usingwaterandelectricitytorecombinetheelementsandformothercarboncompounds(混合物)thatmakeupthebasisofawiderangeofchemicalsandfuels.Twelve’scarbontransformationsystemcanbeaddedtoexistingproducingprocessesanditsendproductsusedasadirectreplacementforstandardpetrochemicals.Thatallowsothercompaniestocuttheirdependenceonfossilfuelsinproduction.“Bysourcingcarbonfromcarbondioxideinsteadoffossilfuels,wecanlargelyreduceouremissions(排放)whilekeepingtheproductsweknowandlove,”saysCave.Brandsaretakingnote.Twelve’schemicalsarecurrentlybeingusedtoproduceMercedes-Benzcarparts,alineofPangaiasunglassesandsoon.Twelvealsocreatedhisownsustainable(可持續(xù)的)fuels,E-JetandE-Marine,whichareusedtopoweraircraftandships.12.WhatallowsTwelvetomakegreenerproducts?A.Takingcarbonfromtheair.B.Transformingtheformsoffossilfuels.C.Fixingtheclimateandatmosphereproblems.D.Plantingmoretreesfornewchemicalelements.13.What’sthelastprocedureofcarbontransformation?A.Preparingwaterandelectricity.B.Collectingcarbondioxidefromtheair.C.Separatingcarbondioxideintosmallerparts.D.Rejoiningelementslikecarbonandoxygenforthemixture.14.WhatbenefitscanproducersreceivefromTwelve’ssystem?A.Reducingthecostsoftheirproducts.B.Makingthembetterknowntotheworld.C.Beinglessdependentonfossilfuelsthanever.D.Creatingmoresustainablefuelsforotherfields.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthisarticle?A.Twelve’sGreatAchievements B.GreenHouseEffectC.CarbonTransformationSystem D.LimitationsofFossilFuels〖答案〗12.A13.D14.C15.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了Twelve公司新研究的碳轉(zhuǎn)化系統(tǒng)，可以從空氣中的二氧化碳中獲取碳，而不是從化石燃料中獲取，從而減少了化石燃料的使用，達(dá)到綠色生產(chǎn)的目的?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Twelvewantstomakeagreatnumberofproductsgreenerbychangingwherethecarbonusedintheirproductioncomesfrom—takingitfromcarbondioxidecaughtintheairinsteadoffromthegroundintheformoffossilfuels.(Twelve希望通過(guò)改變生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中碳的來(lái)源，使大量產(chǎn)品更加環(huán)保——從空氣中的二氧化碳中獲取碳，而不是以化石燃料的形式從地面獲取碳。)”可知，從空氣中的二氧化碳中獲取碳可以使Twelve公司生產(chǎn)出更環(huán)保的產(chǎn)品。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Toachievethistransformation(轉(zhuǎn)變),thecompanycreatedacatalyst,somethingthatbreaksdowncarbondioxidecaughtfromtheairintosmalleratomicbits,suchascarbonandoxygen,usingwaterandelectricitytorecombinetheelementsandformothercarboncompounds(混合物)thatmakeupthebasisofawiderangeofchemicalsandfuels.(為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一轉(zhuǎn)變，該公司發(fā)明了一種催化劑，它可以將從空氣中捕獲的二氧化碳分解成更小的原子，如碳和氧，利用水和電將元素重新組合，并產(chǎn)生母碳化合物，這些化合物構(gòu)成了廣泛的化學(xué)品和燃料的基礎(chǔ)。)”可知，碳轉(zhuǎn)化的最后一個(gè)步驟應(yīng)為：將碳和氧元素重新組合，產(chǎn)生化合物。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Twelve’scarbontransformationsystemcanbeaddedtoexistingproducingprocessesanditsendproductsusedasadirectreplacementforstandardpetrochemicals.Thatallowsothercompaniestocuttheirdependenceonfossilfuelsinproduction.(Twelve的碳轉(zhuǎn)化系統(tǒng)可以添加到現(xiàn)有的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中，它可以直接替代標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的石化產(chǎn)品。這使得其他公司在生產(chǎn)中減少了對(duì)化石燃料的依賴(lài)。)”可知，Twelve公司的碳轉(zhuǎn)化系統(tǒng)使得其他公司在生產(chǎn)中減少了對(duì)化石燃料的依賴(lài)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。閱讀文章可知，本文主要介紹了Twelve公司研究的碳轉(zhuǎn)化系統(tǒng)，第一段介紹了其研究目的，第二、三段介紹了該系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)化原理，第四段介紹了該系統(tǒng)帶來(lái)的好處，最后一段簡(jiǎn)要提到了Twelve公司的其他研究。由此可知，C項(xiàng)“CarbonTransformationSystem(碳轉(zhuǎn)化系統(tǒng))”最能概括本文內(nèi)容。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TopstudyingtipsIfyoufrequentlyfindyourselfstuckinlowefficiencythoughyouspendalotoftimelearning,thefollowingstrategiesmightbeofgreathelptoyou.StudyincyclesInthe1950s,thefamoussleepresearcherNathanielKleitmandiscoveredtheSleepCycle._____16_____Weactuallyfallinandoutofdeepsleepseveraltimeseverynight.Ifwedecidetouseanalarmtoforceourselvesawakebeforeacyclecompletesitself,wewillwakeupfeelingextremelytired.Whatdoesthishavetodowithstudying?Well,itturnsoutthesecyclesdon'tonlyhappenwhileweareasleep.Wegothroughperiodsofincreasinganddecreasingfocusandenergyallday._____17_____Theoretically(理論上)weshouldbeabletogetabettersession(時(shí)段).Thisalsomeansit'sbesttoworkin90-minuteperiodbecauseafterthatourfocusstartstodecline.RelaxpurposefullySimplyput,aftereverycyclewhereyoudecidetofocushardonsomething,youneedtotakeabreakandallowyourmindtorelax.____18____Afteryoucompleteahardsetatthegymwhereyoupushedyourbodytothelimit,youneedtowaitafewminutestoregainyourstrength.Thesamethingappliestoourmind.Weneedtospend10to30minutesofrelaxingafterafocuscycle,givingourbrainabreak.____19____.____20____Ifyoufeellikeyouaresomeonewhoisunabletofocusevenduringthebest90-minutecyclesthroughouttheday,someexpertsuggestspracticingasimplemindfulnessmeditation(冥想)technique.Studieshavefoundthatdoingthisformofmeditationforatleast13minutespersessioncansharplyimproveyourabilitytofocusafterjustafewmonths.A.Improvefocusattimes.B.Thisissimilartoworkingout.C.Practicemeditationpersession.D.Ifwekeepabalancebetweenstudysessionandsleepcycle,E.Itturnsoutthatourbodiesgothrough90to110minutecycleswhilewesleep.F.Ifwedon't,chancesarethatournextsessionwon'tbeasproductiveaswe'dlike.G.Soifwecantimeastudysessionwithoneofthesecycleswithourawarenessincreasing.〖答案〗16.E17.G18.B19.F20.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了一些提高學(xué)習(xí)效率的策略和方法?！?6題詳析】上文“Inthe1950s,thefamoussleepresearcherNathanielKleitmandiscoveredtheSleepCycle.”（在20世紀(jì)50年代，著名的睡眠研究者NathanielKleitman發(fā)現(xiàn)了睡眠周期。）引出話題，提到睡眠周期。下文“Weactuallyfallinandoutofdeepsleepseveraltimeseverynight.”（我們實(shí)際上每天晚上都會(huì)有好幾次進(jìn)入和退出深度睡眠。）具體介紹睡眠周期的情況。故可推斷空格處內(nèi)容為與睡眠周期相關(guān)。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)E項(xiàng)“事實(shí)證明，當(dāng)我們睡覺(jué)時(shí)，我們的身體會(huì)經(jīng)歷90到110分鐘的周期?！狈洗送茢?，也是講的關(guān)于睡眠周期的情況，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選E項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Wegothroughperiodsofincreasinganddecreasingfocusandenergyallday.”（我們一整天都在經(jīng)歷注意力和精力時(shí)而增加時(shí)而減少的時(shí)期。）說(shuō)明注意力和精力的實(shí)時(shí)變化。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)G項(xiàng)“因此，如果我們能夠利用這些周期中的一個(gè)來(lái)安排學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間，我們的意識(shí)就會(huì)增強(qiáng)?！笨芍?，和上文形成因果關(guān)系，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選G項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Afteryoucompleteahardsetatthegymwhereyoupushedyourbodytothelimit,youneedtowaitafewminutestoregainyourstrength.”（當(dāng)你在健身房完成一組艱苦的訓(xùn)練后，你的身體達(dá)到了極限，你需要等幾分鐘來(lái)恢復(fù)你的力量。）可知，這里提到關(guān)于健身的內(nèi)容。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)B項(xiàng)“這和健身很相似?！焙拖挛膬?nèi)容一致，都是講的關(guān)于健身的內(nèi)容，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Weneedtospend10to30minutesofrelaxingafterafocuscycle,givingourbrainabreak.”（我們需要花10到30分鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)放松，讓我們的大腦休息一下。）說(shuō)明大腦需要休息。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)F項(xiàng)“如果我們不這樣做，很可能我們的下一個(gè)會(huì)議不會(huì)像我們希望的那樣富有成效?！笨芍?，和上文語(yǔ)意緊密連接，下文是對(duì)上文的語(yǔ)意遞進(jìn)。故選F項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】由該題為段落小標(biāo)題可知，為總結(jié)該段內(nèi)容。該段下文“Ifyoufeellikeyouaresomeonewhoisunabletofocusevenduringthebest90-minutecyclesthroughouttheday,someexpertsuggestspracticingasimplemindfulnessmeditation(冥想)technique.Studieshavefoundthatdoingthisformofmeditationforatleast13minutespersessioncansharplyimproveyourabilitytofocusafterjustafewmonths.”（如果你覺(jué)得自己是一個(gè)即使在一天中最好的90分鐘周期中也無(wú)法集中注意力的人，一些專(zhuān)家建議練習(xí)一種簡(jiǎn)單的正念冥想技巧。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每次至少13分鐘的冥想可以在短短幾個(gè)月后顯著提高你的注意力。）可知，講的是一些專(zhuān)家建議練習(xí)一種簡(jiǎn)單的正念冥想技巧。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)C項(xiàng)“每次一段時(shí)間的冥想。”意思一致，為總結(jié)該段內(nèi)容。故選C項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共3節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。KaziMannan,arestaurantowner,isknownforfeedinganyonewhethertheycanpayfortheirmealornot.Helosthis_____21_____foreconomiccrisis(危機(jī))resultingfromtheepidemic.Thenthelocalcommunitybegan_____22_____inthemostgenerousway.Sincearegularcustomer_____23_____acampaign(活動(dòng))onlineforhisrestaurant,Mannanhasreceivedover$331,430frommorethan710people.The_____24_____keptrollingin.“Iusedtosay‘Don’tletanybody_____25_____,andpickthemup,’”Mannansaidtohisdonors.“Youpickedmeup.Ihavetearsinmyeyes...tearsofjoy.Thankyou,_____26_____people.”Thestreamingdonations____27____Mannanasthegenerousone.Monthsago,hewasservingup80_____28_____mealstopeopleinneedeveryday.“EverytimeIsawpeoplelookingforfoodinrubbish,myheart_____29_____.”Mannansaid.Withtheepidemicworsening,thestreetsofdowntownbecame______30______aspeoplebeganworkingfromhome.Hehadto______31______hisrestaurant.Notknowingwhattodo,theregularcustomerdecidedtostartacampaignforthepopularrestaurantinNovemberlastyear.Heposted,“Wearelookingto_____32_____thisseason,sotherestaurantwon'tshutdown.Everycentis______33______importantinkeepingthisdreamandimportantcommunityresourcealive,sopleasedowhatyoucan.We______34______yoursupportandprayers.”Morethanamonthlater,withthecampaignstillgoing,peopleweresurethattherestaurantwouldmakeitthroughthosedifficulttimes.Asthesayinggoes,onegood______35______deservesanother.21.A.job B.family C.business D.savings22.A.giving B.whispering C.gathering D.struggling23.A.assessed B.supported C.entrusted D.launched24.A.comments B.donations C.advertisements D.congratulations25.A.regret B.cry C.fall D.complain26.A.generous B.independent C.responsible D.respectful27.A.prepare B.consider C.see D.promise28.A.cheap B.free C.tasty D.healthy29.A.melt B.pounded C.raced D.sank30.A.peaceful B.deserted C.odd D.orderly31.A.promote B.rescue C.decorate D.close32.A.getthrough B.gothrough C.turnto D.adaptto33.A.nearly B.equally C.slightly D.simply34.A.appreciate B.admit C.reward D.spread35.A.choice B.moral C.turn D.principle〖答案〗21.C22.A23.D24.B25.C26.A27.C28.B29.D30.B31.D32.A33.B34.A35.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了卡茲·曼南是一家餐館的老板，他以給任何人提供食物而出名，無(wú)論他們是否付得起飯錢(qián)。由于疫情導(dǎo)致的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，他失去了生意。然后，當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)開(kāi)始以最慷慨的方式給予他的故事。【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于疫情導(dǎo)致的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，他失去了生意。A.job工作；B.family家庭；C.business生意；D.savings儲(chǔ)蓄。根據(jù)句意以及該句中的“foreconomiccrisis(危機(jī))resultingfromtheepidemic.”可推知，此處為由于疫情導(dǎo)致的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，他失去了生意。故選C項(xiàng)。【22題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)開(kāi)始以最慷慨的方式給予。A.giving給予；B.whispering竊竊私語(yǔ)；C.gathering聚集；D.struggling斗爭(zhēng)。根據(jù)句意以及該句中的“inthemostgenerousway.”可推知，此處為當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)開(kāi)始以最慷慨的方式給予。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：自從一位老顧客在網(wǎng)上為他的餐廳發(fā)起活動(dòng)以來(lái)，曼南已經(jīng)從710多人那里收到了超過(guò)331,430美元的捐款。A.assessed評(píng)價(jià)；B.supported支持；C.entrusted委托；D.launched發(fā)動(dòng)，發(fā)起。根據(jù)下文“Mannanhasreceivedover$331,430frommorethan710people.”可推知，此處為自從一位老顧客在網(wǎng)上為他的餐廳發(fā)起活動(dòng)以來(lái)，曼南已經(jīng)從710多人那里收到了超過(guò)331,430美元的捐款。故選D項(xiàng)。【24題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：捐款源源不斷。A.comments評(píng)論；B.donations捐款；C.advertisements廣告；D.congratulations祝賀。根據(jù)上文“Mannanhasreceivedover$331,430frommorethan710people.”可知，此處指的是捐款。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我過(guò)去常說(shuō)，不要讓任何人摔倒，把他們扶起來(lái)。A.regret后悔；B.cry哭泣；C.fall摔倒；D.complain抱怨，投訴。根據(jù)句意以及下文“andpickthemup”可知，此處為不要讓任何人摔倒，把他們扶起來(lái)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：謝謝你們，慷慨的人們。A.generous慷慨的；B.independent獨(dú)立的；C.responsible負(fù)責(zé)的；D.respectful尊敬的。根據(jù)上文“inthemostgenerousway.”以及“Ihavetearsinmyeyes...tearsofjoy.”可推知，此處為謝謝你們，慷慨的人們。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：從源源不斷的捐款來(lái)看，曼南是一個(gè)慷慨的人。A.prepare準(zhǔn)備；B.consider認(rèn)為；C.see看；D.promise承諾。根據(jù)句意以及該句中的“Mannanasthegenerousone.”可推知，此處為從源源不斷的捐款來(lái)看，曼南是一個(gè)慷慨的人。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個(gè)月前，他每天為有需要的人提供80份免費(fèi)餐點(diǎn)。A.cheap便宜的；B.free免費(fèi)的；C.tasty