金屬熱物性參數(shù)

PAGE1PAGE4表1各種金屬的熱物性值金屬溫度C比熱cal/(g·C)導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)cal/(cm·s·C)密度(g/cm3)液相線、固相線溫度(C)純鐵25200400769800100015000.1070.1240.1450.3580.2300.1480.1800.1920.1520.1200.0740.0710.0700.032=7.88(20=7.3(1500=7.0(1600鎮(zhèn)靜鋼(C0.08%)020040080012000.1120.1240.1420.2300.1580.1420.1280.1070.0680.071=7.86(15軟鋼(C0.23%)020040080012000.1120.1240.1420.2280.1580.1240.1160.1020.0620.071=7.86(15碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼(S35C)252004008000.1110.1250.1340.2850.1030.0950.0790.078中碳鋼(C0.4%)020040080012000.1120.1220.1400.1480.1560.1240.1150.1000.0590.071=7.85(15共析鋼(C0.8%)020040080012000.1080.1280.1440.1460.1600.1190.1080.0910.0580.072=7.85(15工具鋼(C1.2%)020040080012000.1080.1300.1420.1560.1560.1030.1020.0890.0570.068=7.83(15續(xù)表1各種金屬的熱物性值金屬溫度C比熱cal/(g·C)導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)cal/(cm·s·C)密度(g/cm3)液相線、固相線溫度(C)Si2%鋼020040080012000.1200.1260.1440.3260.1600.0600.0720.0740.0600.070=7.73(15Ts=1488TL=1497Cr1%鋼2020040080012000.1140.1240.1420.2060.1460.1060.0920.0620.072=7.84(15TS=1420TL=1520不銹鋼(AISI420)2020040080012000.1140.1190.1460.2140.1360.0530.0550.0580.0640.069=7.7(1513.1Cr,0.5NiTS=1399TL=1454不銹鋼(AISI304)020040080012000.1180.1280.1360.1540.1600.0350.0430.0500.0630.07618~20Cr,8~12NiTS=1399TL=1454過(guò)共晶灰口鑄鐵20200400800900（0.128）（0.134）（0.140）（0.168）（0.173）0.1540.1240.0940.0710.053=7.0(15比熱相對(duì)于普通鑄鐵共晶灰口鑄鐵2020040080012000.1860.1410.1040.0700.036球墨鑄鐵2020040080010000.1190.1010.0870.0720.0510.041=7.1(15表2鑄型的熱物性計(jì)算公式No視在物性值計(jì)算公式備注1澆注合金：鑄鐵硅砂干型，呋喃鑄型2澆注合金：鑄鋁硅砂干砂，呋喃鑄型3澆注合金：鑄鋼硅砂干型4澆注合金：鑄鋼硅砂呋喃鑄型5硅砂6橄欖石砂7鋯砂8鉻砂9硅砂，干型，呋喃鑄型600C0.385<<0.4940.0058<DP<0.03790.03<W<0.0710硅砂，干型c由No9的公式求得澆注合金：鑄鋼硅砂，呋喃鑄型澆注合金：鑄鋼11硅砂，膨潤(rùn)土7%，水分4%=1.5212硅砂=1.7313橄欖石砂，膨潤(rùn)土5.9%，水分3.3%=1.8314鉻砂膨潤(rùn)土3.9%,水分2.1%=2.7815鋯砂，膨潤(rùn)土3.8%,水分2.1=2.78表3流動(dòng)臨界固相率合金臨界固相率文獻(xiàn)備考Al-Si2.4%Si6.2%Al-Si3%0.660.78084考慮了濃化后決定固相率Al-Cu5.5%Al-Mg13.8%85根據(jù)濃度實(shí)測(cè)值和杠桿定律算出固相率Al-Cu4.5%0.85~0.8786用謝依爾公式算出固相率AC2BAl-Si9%-Cu4%0.5(金屬型)0.3(砂型)8789用謝依爾公式算出固相率Fe-C0.65%銅0.6980球墨鑄鐵0.7588沒(méi)有說(shuō)明數(shù)據(jù)的明確依據(jù)Al-4.5%Cu0.84(自由凝固)根據(jù)實(shí)測(cè)，Vc=0.032Cu-8%SnCu-8%Sn-0.5%SiCu-8%Sn-2%Fe0.80.75(自由凝固)0.8根據(jù)固相率與流過(guò)細(xì)管道的液體量測(cè)出,冷速Vc=0.03Cu-8%Sn0.43~0.44(金屬型，型溫373根據(jù)固相率與流過(guò)細(xì)管道的液體量測(cè)出鑄鋼0.65未說(shuō)明依據(jù)鑄鋼，不銹鋼0.70未說(shuō)明依據(jù)表4部分砂型熱物性數(shù)據(jù)表型砂組成(cal/s.cm.C)×102C(cal/gC)(g/cm3)說(shuō)明石英砂石英砂0.0550.1390.1260.3101.6581.7005~15900C，粒度“干砂”0.0780.1911.500未表明者為常溫，下同“濕砂”0.2710.5031.650石英砂0.112~0.3630.191~0.2811.776黃砂0.067~0.0821.580~1.700石英砂0.096~0.3360.12~0.4560.072~0.360.0620.3620.141~0.1810.168~0.2880.168~0.2880.168~0.2881.940.1840.181~0.2811.7301.6341.4581.6021.6781.4600~13000~13000~1300干燥砂，16.5含水4.9%，18.90~1100，T鋯砂鋯砂0.191~0.2510.223~0.3910.120~0.2100.130~0.2022.8302.8000~1100，T0~900鉻鐵礦砂鉻鐵礦砂0.125~0.2930.151~0.2302.6000~900水玻璃砂石英砂+5%水玻璃0.6142.583鐵澆注法，界面平均1143鉻鐵礦砂+水玻璃0.1390.165鉻鎂礦砂+水玻璃0.2030.2430.139鋼澆注法鋼澆注法石英砂+樹(shù)脂鋼澆注法石英砂+5%酚醛樹(shù)脂0.142~0.20228~450石英砂+3%~7%呋喃樹(shù)脂0.161~0.1370.202~0.181.4801.63025~55025~550石英砂+2%呋喃樹(shù)脂0.1220.231.480鋁澆注法，666石英砂+1.5%呋喃樹(shù)脂0.1870.1920.2420.250.260.261.440.4401.550鐵澆注法，1155鋼澆注法，1155鋼澆注法，1155石英砂+1.5%樹(shù)脂0.26200.18~0.230.260.18~0.261.6301.440鋼澆注法，1155鋼澆注法鉻鐵礦砂+1%樹(shù)脂0.161~0.212.900鋼澆注法鉻砂+樹(shù)脂鉻砂+1%呋喃樹(shù)脂0.23~0.2620.13~0.172.880鋼澆注法常溫~1490樹(shù)脂砂石英砂+6%水玻璃0.230.230.2520.2521.4501.5701.3901.6101.610鋁澆注法，界面平均660鋁澆注法，界面平均660鐵澆注法，界面平均1155鐵澆注法，界面平均1155鋼澆注法，界面平均1490表5典型金屬材料的常溫密度材質(zhì)密度(g/cm3)材質(zhì)密度(g/cm3)材質(zhì)密度(g/cm3)鋼碳素鋼不銹鋼高速鋼7.807.908.20~8.80灰口鑄鐵(中碳，鐵素體基體)可鍛鑄鐵7.257.27鋁合金鋁硅合金硬鋁ADC102.602.802.71鑄鐵灰口鑄鐵(高碳，鐵素體基體)球墨鑄鐵8.807.10銅合金7-3黃銅6-4黃銅高強(qiáng)度黃銅8.508.408.30鋅合金ZDC26.60鎂合金1.80表6典型液體金屬的物性值物性值低合金鑄鋼(1600)①普通鑄鐵(1400C純鋁(700C)純銅(1100C)純鎂(700C)液相線溫度(C)1400~15301123~11306601083851密度(g/cm3)6.80~7.006.50~6.902.351.901.58比熱0.150.220.260.120.29導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)40(純鐵)--10017080凝固潛熱(J.g-1)251~268209~268394204230凝固收縮率(%)3~4-0.8~0.56.54.24.2表面張力()17009209001300560粘度(mPa.s)65~81.1~241.2熱輻射系數(shù)0.3~0.45(全輻射系數(shù))0.3~0.45(全輻射系數(shù))0.12(相對(duì)0.65m的波長(zhǎng)0.1(相對(duì)0.66m的波長(zhǎng)--①表示所給物性值的溫度條件。表7其它物質(zhì)的熱物性值物質(zhì)名溫度(C)比熱導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)密度(g/cm3)粘度(Pa.s),其它c(diǎn)al.g-1.C-1cal.cm-1s-1C干燥空氣氮?dú)渌子褪嗍藁炷敛ＡЮw維砂巖杉樹(shù)條硅磚鋯磚鎂磚渣渣2020202020201002020202350050010001000~15001000~15000.240.253.391.00.450.15~0.20.1950.210.160.170.0720.230.140.30.2630.416.2×10-57.6×10-54.2×10-41.4×10-33.6×10-41.45×10-34.5×10-4(2~3)×10-39.6×10-54.1×10-32.6×10-43×10-36×10-3(1.4~8.8)×10-31.7×10-31.2×10-3=1.0,=0.89,=0.8=0.8~1.5=0.58=1.9~2.3=0.2=2.2=0.42=1.7=3.7=2.53CaO35%--SiO245%--Al2O320%CaO50%--SiO235%--Al2O315%表8鑄型內(nèi)的傳熱系數(shù)No.比熱流量q傳熱系數(shù)h=q/(T1-T2)備注時(shí)間(s)cal/(cm2.s)cal/(cm2.s.C)10510203036.146.046.029.027.00.0140.0340.0310.0190.017C0.035%鋼T1=TC(鑄片)T2=TM(結(jié)晶器)鑄造速度=1.08m/min彎曲型扁板連鑄機(jī)2152030405060700.0350.0310.0240.0190.0140.0140.018C0.12~0.16%鋼連鑄T1=TC(鑄片)T2=TW(冷卻水)鑄造速度=0.8m/min3051015203022.833.731.624.718.615.30.0160.0220.0210.0160.0120.010同上鑄造速度=2.03m/min40.0210.0850.0110.091鑄鐵臥式連鑄機(jī)石墨鑄型203mm同上，305mm50.04~0.060.006~0.01鋁連續(xù)鑄造6240300600130018000.00750.00670.00500.00350.0026Fe-V2.85%銅鑄型(僅單面)真空中70601202403606000.0230.0200.0180.0160.0140.012碳素鋼表面氧化鑄鐵鑄型81.9~2.2Al合金，壓鑄90.03鋁硅合金液體金屬流動(dòng)時(shí)(金屬型)100.01~0.02Al合金，金屬型，低壓鑄造110.3~0.40.04~0.07Al,金屬型鑄造(涂料50~200120.11~0.170.004~0.007銅連續(xù)鑄造130.2~0.40.06銅合金(金屬型)140.080.0560.0240.0140.014鑄鋼/砂型(難以產(chǎn)生空隙時(shí))15300420600120018000.0220.0140.0110.00840.0055同上(容易產(chǎn)生空隙時(shí))表9合金的密度、潛熱合金s(20(kg/m3)s(Ts)(kg/m3)L(kJ/kg)1%Cr鋼7840--2771.5%Mn鋼7850--2772%Si鋼7730--333奧氏體不銹鋼77007000294鐵素體不銹鋼8000--3040.08%C鋼780070300.23%C鋼786070300.80%C鋼785069901.20%C鋼78306900白口鑄鐵7650(7000)灰口鑄鐵7100(6650)Al-4.5%Cu2980(2630)--AlSi7Mg2680(2360)--Cu-30Zn8390(7520)--Mg-3Al-1Zn-5Mn1850(1690)370Ni-15Cr-7Fe-2.5Ti-Hb-0