廣東省深圳市2024屆高三第一次調(diào)研考試（一模）英語試卷(含答案)

廣東省深圳市2024屆高三第一次調(diào)研考試（一模）英語試卷

學(xué)校：___________姓名：___________班級：考號：

一、閱讀理解

WhistlerTravelGuide

Snow-cappedpeaksandpowderedsteeps;sparklinglakesandrushingwaterfalls;

challenginghikingroutesandinvitingrestaurants一Whistler'sofferingssuitevery

season.Thingstodo

Theentiretowndisplaystheski-chicatmosphere,hostingdozensofskiandsnowboard

competitionsandfestivalsannually.Inthewarmermonths,moreoutdoorenthusiastscome

outtoplay.Visitorscantryhikingorcyclingupthemountains.WhileWhistlerisanideal

vacationspotfortheactivetypes,othertravelerscanenjoythelocalmuseumsandart

galleriesfilledwithinformativeexhibits.Plus,therearefamily-friendlyactivitiesand

attractionslikesummerconcerts,alongwithplentyofshoppingoptions.Whentovisit

ThebesttimestovisitWhistlerarefromJunethroughAugustandbetweenDecemberand

March.Howtogetaround

ThebestwaystogetaroundWhistlerareonfootorbybike.Or,youcantakethe

shuttlebusesfromWhistlerVillage,whichtransportvisitorstoLostLakeParkandthe

Marketplace.Meanwhile,havingacarwillallowyouthefreedomtoexploretopattractions

likeWhistlerTrainWreckandAlexanderFallswithouthavingtospendalotofcashona

cab.Whatyouneedtoknow

?Whistlerreceivesfeetofsnoweachyear.Ifyou'redrivinginwinter,slowdownand

makesuretorentorcomewithareliableSUV.

?SnowslidesarelikelytooccuronBackcountryroutes,soonlyadvancedskiersshould

taketothisoff-the-maparea.

?Whistler'swildernessishometomanyblackandgrizzlybears.Keepyourdistanceand

donotfeedthem.

1.WhatareactivetravelersrecommendedtodoinWhistler?

A.Bikeupthemountains.B.Hostskicompetitions.

C.Goshoppingatthemalls.D.Visitmuseumexhibitions.

2.Whichofthefollowingisthemostpopularamongtravelers?

A.WhistlerVillage.B.LostLakePark.C.TheMarketplace.D.WhistlerTrainWreck.

3.WhataretravelersprohibitedfromdoinginWhistler?

A.DrivingarentedSUV.B.Feedinggrizzlybears.

C.Exploringthewilderness.D.SkiingonBackcountryroutes.

Iusedtobelievethatonlywordscouldcatchtheessenceofthehumansoul.Theliterary

workscontainedsuchdistinctstoriesthattheyshapedthewaywesawtheworld.Wordswere

whatcomposedthequestionswesoughttouncoverandtheanswerstothosequestions

themselves.Wordswereeverything.

Thatbeliefchanged.

Inanordinarymathclass,myteacherposedasimplequestion:What's0.99roundedtothe

nearestwholenumber?Easy.Whenroundedtothenearestwholenumber,0.99=1.Somehow,

Ithoughteventhough0.99isonly0.01awayfrom1,there'sstilla0.01difference.That

meanseveniftwothingsareonlyalittledifferent,theyarestilldifferent,sodoesn'tthat

makethemcompletelydifferent?

Myteacheransweredmyquestionbypresentinganotherequation（等式）：1=0.9,which

couldalsobeexpressedas1=0.99999repeatingitselfwithouteverending.

Therewassomethingmysteriousbutfascinatingabouttheequation.Theleftsidewas

unchangeable,objective:itcontainedanumberthatended.Ontherightwassomething

endless,numberrepeatingitselflimitlesstimes.Yet,somehow,thesetwoopposedthings

wereconnectedbyanequalsign.

Lyinginbed,Ithoughtabouthowmuchtheequationparalleledourexistence.Theleftside

oftheequationrepresentsthatsometimeslifeitselfissounchangeableandsoclear.The

concrete,wholenumberofthedaywhenyouwerebomandthedaywhenyouwoulddie.But

thenthereisthatgapinbetweenlifeanddeath.Therightsidemeansatimeandspacefullof

limitlesspossibilities,andendlessopportunitiesintotheopenfuture.

Sothat'swhatlifeis.Objectivebutimaginative.Unchangeablebutlimitless.Lifeisan

equationwithtwosidesthatbalancesitsefout.Still,wecan'tevertrulyseemtoputthe

perfectwordstoit.Sopossiblynumberscanexpressideasaseuallywellaswordscan.For

now,lefsleaveitatthat:1=0.99999...andlivealifelikeit.

4.Whatdoestheauthoremphasizeaboutwordsinparagraph1?

A.Theirwidevariety.B.Theirliteraryorigins.

C.Theirdistinctsounds.D.Theirexpressivepower.

5.Whatmadetheauthorfindtheequationfascinating?

A.Therepetitionofanumber.

B.Thewaytwodifferentnumbersareequal.

C.Thequestiontheteacherraised.

D.Thedifferencebetweenthetwonumbers.

6.Whichofthefllowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“paraHeled“inparagraph6?

A.Measured.B.Composed.C.Mirrored.D.Influenced.

7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ThePerfectEquationB.NumbersBuildEquations

C.AnAttractiveQuestionD.WordsOutperformNumbers

“Whydoesgrandpahaveearhair?”Justafewyearsagomychildwassocurioustoknow

“why”and“how”thatwehadtocutoffherquestionsfiveminutesbeforebedtime.Nowa

soon-to-befourthgrader,shesaysthatshedislikesschoolbecause"it'snotfiuntolearn.^^I

amshocked.Asascientistandparent,IhavedoneeverythingIcantopromotealoveof

learninginmychildren.WheredidIgowrong?

Mychild'sexperienceisnotunique.DevelopmentalpsychologistSusanEngelnotesthat

curiositydefinedas"spontaneous（自發(fā)的）“investigationandeagernessfornew

information-dropsdramaticallyinchildrenbythefourthgrade.

InWonder:ChildhoodandtheLifelongLoveofScience,YalepsychologistFrankC.Keil

detailsthedevelopmentofwonder-aspontaneouspassiontoexplore,discover,and

understand.Hetakesusonajourneyfromitsearlydevelopment,whenwonderdrives

commonsenseandscientificreasoning,throughthedrop-offinwonderthatoftenoccurs,to

thetrapoflifeinasocietythatdevalueswonder.

AsKeilnotes,childrenareparticularlyrichinwonderwhiletheyarerapidlydeveloping

causalmechanisms（因果機(jī)制）inthepreschoolandearlyelementaryschoolyears.Theyare

sensitivetotheothers9knowledgeandgoals,andtheyexpertlyusetheirdesirefor

questioning.Children'squestions,particularlythoseabout“why”and"how”supportthe

developmentofcausalmechanismswhichcanbeusedtohelptheirday-to-dayreasoning.

Unfortunately,asKeilnotes,“adultsgreatlyunderestimateyoungchildren'scausal

mechanisms.Inthebook,Wonder,Keilshowsthatwecansupportchildren'songoing

wonderbyplayinggameswiththemaspartners,encouragingquestion-asking,andfocusing

ontheirabilitiestoreasonandconclude.

Adeclineinwonderisnotunavoidable.Keilremindsusthatwecanacceptwonderasa

desirablepositivequalitythatexistsineveryone.Ivaluewonderdeeply,andWonderhas

givenmehopebyproposingafuturefbrmychildrenthatwillremainwonder-full.

8.Whatisacommonproblemamongfourthgraders?

A.Theyupsettheirparentstoooften.B.Theyasktoomanystrangequestions.

C.Theirloveforfundisappearsquickly.D.Theirdesiretolearndeclinessharply.

9.Whatcanbeinferredaboutchildren'scausalmechanismsinparagraph4?

A.Theycontrolchildren'ssensitivity.

B.Theyslightlychangeinearlychildhood.

C.Theyhardlysupportchildren'sreasoning.

D.Theydevelopthroughchildren'squestioning.

10.Howcanparentssupportchildren'songoingwonderaccordingtoKeil?

A.Bymonitoringtheirgames.B.Bywelcominginquiringminds.

C.Byestimatingtheirabilities.D.Byprovidingreasonableconclusions.

11.Whatisthetext?

A.Abookreview.B.Anewsreport.C.Aresearchpaper.D.Achildren'sstory.

Eachyear,theworldlosesabout10millionhectaresofforest一atareaaboutthesizeof

Iceland—becauseofcuttingdowntrees.Atthatrate,somescientistspredicttheworld's

forestscoulddisappearin100to200years.Tohandleit,nowresearchersatMassachusetts

InstituteofTechnology（MIT）havepioneeredatechniquetogeneratewood-likeplant

materialssinalab.Thismakesitpossibleto"grow”awoodenproductwithoutcuttingdown

trees.

Inthelab,theresearchersfirsttakecellsfromtheleavesofayoungplant.Thesecellsare

culturedinliquidmediumfortwodays,thenmovedtoanothermediumwhichcontains

nutrientsandtwodifferenthormones（激素）.Byadjustingthehormonelevels,the

researcherscantunethephysicalandmechanicalqualitiesofthecells:Newtheresearchers

usea3Dprintertoshapethecell-basedmaterial,andlettheshapedmaterialgrowinthedark

forthreemonths.Finally,theresearchersdehydrate（使脫水）thematerial,andthenevaluate

itsqualities.

Theyfoundthatlowerhormonelevelsleadtoplantmaterialswithmorerounded,open

cellsoflowerdensity（密度），whilehigherhormonelevelscontributetothegrowthofplant

materialswithsmallerbutdensercellstructures.Lowerorhigherdensityofcellstructures

makestheplantmaterialssofterormorerigid,helpingthematerialsgrowwithdifferent

wood-likecharacteristics.Whafsmore,ifstobenotedthattheresearchprocessisabout100

timesfasterthanthetimeittakesforatreetogrowtomaturity!

Researchofthiskindisground-breaking."Thisworkdemonstratesthegreatpowerofa

technology,^saysleadresearcher,JeffreyBerenstab.6tTherealopportunityhereistobeatits

bestwithwhatyouuseandhowyouuseit.Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeetthe

requirementsyougiveaboutshapes,sizes,rigidity,andforms.Itenablesustogrow'any

woodenproductinawaythattraditionalagriculturalmethodscan'tachieve.

12.WhydoresearchersatMITperformtheresearch?

A.Togrowmoretrees.B.Toreducetreelosses.

C.Toprotectplantdiversity.D.Topredictforestdisappearance.

13.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutthelabresearch?

A.Itsscientificorigins.B.Itstheoreticalbasis

C.Itsusualdifficulties.D.Itsmainprocesses

14.Whatdoesthefindingsuggestabouttheplantmaterials?

A.Theyarebetterthannaturallygrownplants.

B.Theirgrowthspeeddeterminestheircharacteristics.

C.Thehormonelevelsaffecttheirrigidity.

D.Theircells'shapesmainlyrelyontheirdensity.

15.Whyistheresearchpath-breakingaccordingtoBerenstain?

A.Itusesnewbiologicalmaterialsinlabexperiments.

B.Ithasasignificantimpactonworldwideplantgrowth.

C.Itrevolutionizesthewaytomakewoodenproducts.

D.Itchallengestraditionalscientifictheoriesinforestry.

二、七選五

16.Artcomesintwomaincategories:realisticandabstract.Realisticartaimstoshow

real-lifescenes,people,andobjectsexactlyastheyappear.Itinvolvespayingcloseattention

todetails,makingthingslooklikephotographs.①.Ifsmoreaboutexpressingfeelings,

emotions,andideas.

Realisticartiseasytounderstand.Viewerscaneasilyrecognizewhatisportrayed.Takethe

MonaLisa,forexample-it'sarealisticpaintingofaladywithamysterioussmile.②,

helpingustolearnaboutthepast.

Unlikerealisticart,abstractartismoreaboutbeingcreative.③.Theyuseshapes,

colorsandpatternstoexpressfeelingsandideas.Abstractartmeansdifferentthingsto

differentpeople.Somepeopleenjoytryingtofigureoutwhattheartworkconveys.

(4).Realisticartneedsprecisionindrawingorsculptingtomakethingslookreal.

Abstractartrequiresimaginationtouseshapesandcolorsinnewways.Manyartistsare

skilledinboth.Theycreaterealisticpiecestodemonstratetheirtechnicalskillsandabstract

onestodisplaytheircreativity.

Asforpersonalpreference,somepeopleprefertheclearstoriesofrealisticartwhileothers

areattractedtothemysteryofabstractart,interpretingmeaningsintheshapesandforms.

Together,thetwokindsofartmaketheartworlddiverseandengaging.⑤.

A.Bothtypesofarttakeskillstomake

B.Photographspreservefacesoffolksfromlongago

C.Graspingabstractartdemandsmoreartistictraining

D.Bothwaysofcreatingarthavetheirownvalueandbeauty

E.Incontrast,abstractartfocuseslessonrealisticappearances

F.Artworkslikethistellstoriesabouthistoryandeverydaylife

GArtistshavethefreedomtogobeyondreal-liferepresentations

三.完形填空（15空）

Lastyear,Istartedthejourneyofbeingaremoteproductdesigner.Thethoughtofa

flexible（靈活的）schedule,acomfortablehomeoffice,andtheescapefromthe]public

transportwasincredibly2.Thefirstfewweekswerefilledwithalong-lostfeelingof

3_.

However,the4ofworkingfromhomegraduallysetin.Ihadstartedmydaywiththe

best5,promisingmyselfquickbreaksandregularstretches（伸展）.Butdeadlines,

endlessemails,andvirtualmeetings6metomycomputerthroughouttheday,leavingme

littletimeto7.Goneweretheshortwalkstoacoworker9sdeskandthequicklunchtime

walksaroundtheofficecomplex.Finally,myworldwas8tothewallsofmyhome,my

steps9inmetersonlyratherthankilometers.

Oneday,Itried10oneofmyfavoritedressesanditwasn'tpassingthroughmywaist

（腰）atall.Lookingatmyselfinthemirror,Isawa11personcarryingextraweight,

ratherthansomeoneenjoyingfreedom.The12ofworkandpersonallifehadleftme

feelinglikeIwasanever-endingmotionmachine.

Thisincident（事件）markedthe13ofajourneyofself-discovery.Imadeupmymind

thatIneededa（n）14notjustformywaistlinebutformyoverallwell-being.Itwasa

promisetoprioritizemyphysicalandmentalhealth,andapromisethatIcould15

controlovermylifeandmybody.

17.A.dramaticB.severe

C.previousD.crowded

18.A.appealingB.annoying

C.challengingD.confusing

19.A.directionB.safety

C.fi*eedom□,responsibility

20.A.dutiesB.awardsC.problems□.expectations

21.A.concernsB.reliefs

C.updatesD.intentions

22.A.tiedB.inspiredC.guideD.introduced

23.A.replyB.relaxC.reactD.read

24.A.adaptedB.limitedC.relatedD.addicted

25.A.countedB.repeated

C.watchedD.followed

26.A.tidyingupB.puttingaside

C.fittingintoD.gettingback

27.A.lazyB.tiredC.rudeD.mad

28.A.mixB.successC.balanceD.value

29.A.distanceB.memory

C.beginningD.training

30.A.promiseB.excuseC.answerD.change

31.A.maintainB.easeC.removeD.regain

四、短文填空

32.Despitebeing75yearsold,ChaiTixia'sexpertiseinJianziistrulyimpressive.

Withquickkicks,heeffortlesslysendstheJianziintotheairandgracefullyguidesittoland

①(gentle)onhishead.

Jianzi,②gamethatdatesbacktotheHanDynasty,issurprisinglysimple:

playersmustkeeptheJianziintheair,③(use)anypartoftheirbodyexcepttheir

handsandarms.However,tomasterthisgame④(require)alotofpractice.

WhileenjoyedthroughoutChina,Jianzi(§)(describe)byChaiasan

importantaspectofhutongculture.Thenarrowalleyways,situatedwithinBeijing'sinnercity,

providethesettingforthegame's⑥(popular).Eachmormning,Chaiandhis

fellowhutongresidentsgatherfortheirsharedpassionforJianzi.

Chai'sspiritedmatcheswithhisneighborshaveabigaudience?(draw)to

theartistryandexcitementofthegame.Theonlookerswhowatchthemplayingwithgreat

athleticismareamazedat?Chaiandhisfellowplayerscanachieve.

HavingpracticedJianziforover30years,Chaicherishesthephysicalandsocial?

(benefit)thegamebrings.Engaginginlivelymatcheswithhisneighbors

energizeshisbody,enhanceshisflexibility,⑩promotesunitywithinthe

community.ThroughJianzi,Chaiharvestsnotonlyhealthbutasenseofbelongingand

friendship.

五、書面表達(dá)

33.在口語課上，外教Leo組織同學(xué)們討論是否使用電子翻譯筆(electronictranslation

pen)來輔助英語學(xué)習(xí)。請你代表小組發(fā)言，內(nèi)容包括：

1.小組觀點(diǎn)；

2.陳述理由。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右;

2.請在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Hello,everyone!

Thankyouforlistening!

六、讀后續(xù)寫

34.閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短

文。

Inourweeklystaffmeeting,oureditorAshleywasnotpleasedwiththequalityofour

reporting.uOurreadershipiswaydown.WeneedbetterstoriesforthisThursday'sschool

newspaper.Doesanybodyhaveanyideas?”shesaid.

IhandedhermyarticleaboutourbasketballteambeatingDeerfieldHighSchoolthe

previousnightbyonepoint."Sportsstoriesarefun,^^shesaid,“butnotgoodenoughforthe

frontpage.Weneedsomethingtoreallygetpeople'sattention.^^

Afterourmeeting,weleftthenewsroomtogetherandheardsomeonescreaming,"Perry

ismissing!^^Perrywasabigredparrotandhadbeenourschoolmascot（吉祥物）forten

years.Heplayedanimportantroleinstudents7lives,bothinandoutofclass.Hehadalso

beenaconstantpresenceatschoolevents,inspiringasenseofunityamongstudents.

EveryonegatheredaroundPerry9semptycage,heartbroken.Suddenly,astudentfromthe

crowdcameoverandshowedmeaphoto."You'reareporterfortheschoolpaper,right?I

happenedtotakethisyesterday,hesaid.InthephotowasaDeerfieldHighSchool

basketballplayerwithsomethinglargehiddenunderhisshirtaroundthesizeofaparrot.

“HemusthavestolenPerrytogetbackatusforwinningthegame!”Ashleycried.We

hurriedbacktothenewsroom,agreeingtorunthephotoonthefrontpagewiththeheadline

“DeerfieldStolePerry.^^“Thisisjustthestoryweneed.Everyonewillreadit,“Ashleysaid

confidently.

Aftersheleft,Itookacloserlookatthephoto.Theclockinthebackgroundread4:15

pm,butourgameagainstDeerfieldhadn'tstarteduntil4:30pm.Whywouldtheboyhave

takenPerrybeforeweevenplayed?Anuneasyfeelingcameovermethatwemighthave

falselyaccusedsomeone.

IwenttoPerry'susualcaretakertoaskifheknewPerrywasmissing."He'snotmissing.

He'sretired.He'sreadyforsomequieterdays,"hesaid.Learningthetruth,Iimmediately

toldAshleyandsuggestedwritingastorytosaygoodbyetoPerry.

注意：

L續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右：

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Tomysurprise,Ashleyinsistedonreportingthe"DeerfieldStolePerry“story.

OnThursday,thepapercameoutwiththeheadline"Bye-Bye,Perry“onthefrontpage.

參考答案

1.答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Visitorscantryhikingorcyclingupthemountains.（游客

可以嘗試徒步旅行或騎自行車上山）”可知，惠斯勒推薦活躍的旅行者騎車上山。故選

Ao

2.答案：D

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Meanwhile,havingacarwillallowyouthefreedomto

exploretopattractionslikeWhistlerTrainWreckandAlexanderFallswithouthavingto

spendalotofcashonacab.（時，擁有一輛車可以讓你自由地探索像惠斯勒火車殘骸和亞

歷山大瀑布這樣的頂級景點(diǎn)，而不必花很多錢打車廠可知,WhistlerTrainWreck最受游客

歡迎。故選D。

3.答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一短“Whistler'swildernessishometomanyblackand

grizzlybears.Keepyourdistanceanddonotfeedthem.（惠斯勒的荒野是許多黑熊和灰熊的

家園。保持距離，不要喂它們）''可知，旅客在惠斯勒禁止喂灰熊。故選B。

4.答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段1usedtobelievethatonlywordscouldcatchtheessence

ofthehumansoul.Theliteraryworkscontainedsuchdistinctstoriesthattheyshapedtheway

wesawtheworld.Wordswerewhatcomposedthequestionswesoughttouncoverandthe

answerstothosequestionsthemselves.（我曾經(jīng)相信，只有語言才能捕捉到人類靈魂的本

質(zhì)。文學(xué)作品包含了如此獨(dú)特的故事,它們塑造了我們看待世界的方式。文字構(gòu)成了我

們試圖揭示的問題,以及這些問題本身的答案）可推知，在第一段作者主要強(qiáng)調(diào)了語言的

表達(dá)力量，故選Do

5.答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段Therewassomethingmysteriousbutfascinatingaboutthe

equation.Theleftsidewasunchangeable,objective:itcontainedanumberthatended.Onthe

rightwassomethingendless,numberrepeatingitselflimitlesstimes.Yet,somehow,thesetwo

opposedthingswereconnectedbyanequalsign.（這個方程式神秘而迷人。左邊是不變

的、客觀的:里面有一個沒有盡頭的數(shù)字。右邊是無窮無盡的東西，數(shù)字無限重復(fù)。然而,

不知怎么的，這兩個相反的東西被一個等號連接起來了）可知,作者覺得這個等式很迷人,

因?yàn)閿?shù)字雖然不同,但是卻被等號連接起來了。由此推知，讓作者覺得這個等式迷人的是

兩個不同的數(shù)相等的方式。故選B。

6.答案：C

解析：詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文Theleftsideoftheequationrepresentsthat

sometimeslifeitselfissounchangeableandsoclear.Theconcrete,wholenumberoftheday

whenyouwerebornandthedaywhenyouwoulddie.Butthenthereisthatgapinbetween

lifeanddeath.（等式的左邊表示有時候生命本身是如此的不可改變，如此的清晰。你出生

的日期和你死亡的日期的具體整數(shù)。但是生與死之間有一段距離）可知，作者躺在床上思

考的是這個等式與我們的存在是多么相似，劃線詞paralleled的意思是”與…?十分相似”,

和mirrored意思相近,A.Measured.測量;B.Composed.組成;C.Mirrored.與…十分相

似;D.Infuenced.影響。故選C。

7.答案：A

解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文,尤其是第四段Myteacheransweredmyquestionby

presentinganotherequation（等式）:1=0.9,whichcouldalsobeexpressedas

1=0.99999repeatingitselfwithouteverending.（我的老師給出了另一個等式:1=0.9,也可

以表示為1=0.99999.…不斷重復(fù)，沒有盡頭）和第五段Therewassomethingmysteriousbut

fascinatingabouitheequation.Theleftsidewasunchangeable,objective:itcontaineda

numberthatended.Ontherightwassomethingendless,numberrepeatingitselflimitless

times.Yet,somehow,thesetwoopposedthingswereconnectedbyanequalsign.（這個等式神

秘而迷人。左邊是不變的、客觀的:里面有一個沒有盡頭右邊是無窮無盡的東西,數(shù)字無

限重的數(shù)字。復(fù)。然而，不知怎么的，這兩個相反的東西被一個等號連接起來了）可知，本

文主要講的是作者在數(shù)學(xué)課上學(xué)了一個等式后的一些感悟。由此可知，最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題是

A選項“ThePerfectEquation（完美的等式）故選A。

8.答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"DevelopmentapsychologistSusanEngelnotesthat

curiositydefineda.*'spontaneous（發(fā)的）“investigationandeagernessfornewinformation-

dropsdramaticallyinchildrenbythefourthgrade.（發(fā)展心理學(xué)家SusanEngel指出，到四年

級時，被定義為“自發(fā)”調(diào)查的好奇心和對新信息的渴望會急劇下降。）可知，四年級學(xué)生

的常見問題是他們的學(xué)習(xí)欲望急劇下降。故選D。

9.答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Children'squestions,particularlythoseabout"why"and

“how'supportthedevelopmentofcausalmechanismswhichcanbeusedtohelptheirday-to-

dayreasoning.（孩子們的問題，特別是那些關(guān)于“為什么”和“如何”的問題，支持因果機(jī)制的

發(fā)展，可以用來幫助他們的日常推理。）可知，從第4段可以推斷出兒童的因果機(jī)制是通

過孩子們的提問發(fā)展起來的。故選D。

10.答案:B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Inthebook,Wonder,Keilshowsthatwecansupport

children'songoingwonderbyplayinggameswiththenaspartners,encouragingquestion-

asking,andfocusingontheirabilitiestoreasonandconclude.（在Wonderi文本書中,Keil告

訴我們，我們可以通過和孩子們一起玩游戲,鼓勵他們提問，關(guān)注他們推理和總結(jié)的能力,

來支持孩子們持續(xù)的驚奇。）“可知，根據(jù)Kei的說法，父母可以通過歡迎孩子們問問題來

支持孩子們不斷的驚奇，故選Bo

11.答案：A

解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是倒數(shù)第段“Inthebook,Wonder,Keilshowsthatwe

cansupporchildren'songoingwonderbyplayinggameswiththemaspartners,encouraging

question-asking,andfocusingontheirabilitiestoreasonandconclude.（在Wonderi文本書

中,Keil告訴我們,我們可以通過和孩子們-起玩游戲，鼓勵他們提問,關(guān)注他們推理和總結(jié)

的能力，來支持孩子們持續(xù)的驚奇。）”可知，本文主要介紹的是Wonder這本書的主要內(nèi)

容，因此這本豐是書評，故選A。

12.答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Eachyear,theworldlosesabout10millionhectaresof

forest—atareaaboutthesizeofIceland—becauseofcuttingdowntrees.Atthatrate,some

scientistspredicttheworld'sforestscoulddisappearin100to200years.Tohandleit,now

researchersatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havepioneeredatechniqueto

generatewood-likeplantmaterialssinalab.（由于砍伐樹木,世界每年損失約1000萬公

頃的森林——面積約為冰島的大小。一些科學(xué)家預(yù)測，按照這個速度，世界上的森林

可能會在100到200年內(nèi)消失。為了解決這個問題，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員開創(chuàng)了

一種技術(shù)，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里制造出類似木材的植物材料。）”可知，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人

員進(jìn)行這項研究是為了減少樹木損失。故選B。

13.答案：D

解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Inthelab,theresearchersfirsttakecellsfromtheleaves

ofayoungplant.Thesecellsareculturedinliquidmediumfortwodays,thenmovedto

anothermediumwhichcontainsnutrientsandtwodifferenthormones（激素）.Byadjusting

thebomnonelevels,theresearcherscantunethephysicalandmechanicalqualitiesofthecells:

Newtheresearchersusea3Dprintertoshapethecell-basedmaterial,andlettheshaped

materialgrowinthedarkforthreemonths.Finally,theresearchersdehydrate（使脫水）the

material,andthenevaluateitsqualities.（在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里，研究人員首先從幼小植物的葉子上

提取細(xì)胞。這些細(xì)胞在液體培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)兩天，然后轉(zhuǎn)移到另一種含有營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)和兩

種不同激素的培養(yǎng)基中。通過調(diào)節(jié)激素水平，研究人員可以調(diào)整細(xì)胞的物理和機(jī)械質(zhì)

量:新的研究人員使用3D打印機(jī)來塑造細(xì)胞材料，并讓成型的材料在黑暗中生長三個

月。最后，研究人員將材料脫水，然后評估其質(zhì)量。）”可知，第二段主要告訴我們關(guān)

于實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究的主要過程。故選D。

14.答案：C

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theyfoundthatlowerhormonelevelsleadtoplant

materialswithmorerounded,opencellsoflowerdensity（密度）,whilehigherhormone

levelscontributetothegrowthofplantmaterialswithsmallerbutdensercellstructures.

Lowerorhigherdensityofcellstructuresmakestheplantmaterialssofterormorerigid,

helpingthematerialsgrowwithdifferentwood-likecharacteristics.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，較低的激素

水平會導(dǎo)致植物材料的細(xì)胞更圓、更開放，密度更低，而較高的激素水平會導(dǎo)致植物

材料的細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)更小，但密度更大。細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)的密度或高或低，使植物材料更柔軟或

更堅硬，幫助材料生長出不同的類木特性。）“可知，激素水平影響植物材料的硬度。

故選C。

15.答案：C

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeettherequirements

yougiveaboutshapes,sizes,rigidity,andforms.Itenablesustogrow'anywoodenproduct

inawaythattraditionalagriculturalmethodscan'tachieve.（該技術(shù)可以調(diào)整以滿足您對形

狀、大小、剛性和形式的要求。它使我們能夠以傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)方法無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的方式種植任

何木制品。）“可知，Berenstain認(rèn)為這項研究具有開創(chuàng)性是因?yàn)樗镄铝酥谱髂局破返?/p>

方法。故選C。

16.答案：E;F;G;A;D

解析：①根據(jù)后文"It'smoreaboutexpressingIfeelingsemotionsandideas.（它更多的是表

達(dá)感覺情感和想法。戶并結(jié)合常識可知，該句的主題是抽象藝術(shù)，因此可推知，設(shè)空句的主

題也應(yīng)是抽象藝術(shù)，以銜接呼應(yīng)后文的"t"。選項E"Incontrastbstractartfocuseslesson

realisticappearances（相比之下，抽象藝術(shù)較少關(guān)注現(xiàn)實(shí)的外觀）''提出了主題''抽象藝術(shù)”,

呼應(yīng)“t”,同時“ncontrast”可與前文構(gòu)成對比關(guān)系，前后銜接緊密。故選E項

②根據(jù)前文“TaketheMonaLisa,forexamplit'sarealisticpaintingofaladywitha

mysteriousmile.（以《蒙娜麗莎》為例，這是一幅現(xiàn)實(shí)主義畫,畫的是一位帶著神秘微笑的

女士。）”可知，設(shè)空句應(yīng)對這個《蒙娜麗莎》的舉例進(jìn)行總結(jié)，并體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義藝術(shù)的特

點(diǎn)。選項F“Artworkslikethistellstoriesabouthistoryandeverydaylife（像這樣的藝術(shù)品

講述了歷史和日常生活的故事）''中"Artworkslikethis”指代前文的《蒙娜麗莎》，且講述

了現(xiàn)實(shí)主義藝術(shù)的特點(diǎn),與后文“helpingustolearnaboutthepast（幫助我們了解過去）“在

內(nèi)容上銜接緊密。故選F項。

③根據(jù)前文“Unlikerealisticart,abstractartImoreaboutbeingcreative.（與現(xiàn)實(shí)主義藝術(shù)

不同，抽象藝術(shù)更注重創(chuàng)造性。戶可知，該段在講述抽象藝術(shù)的特點(diǎn)。設(shè)空句承接前文，應(yīng)

是對抽象藝術(shù)的特點(diǎn)“創(chuàng)造性”進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步解釋。選項Artistshavethefreedomtogo

beyondreal-liferepresentations（藝術(shù)家有超越現(xiàn)實(shí)生活表現(xiàn)的自由）"中''超越現(xiàn)實(shí)生活表

現(xiàn)的自由''即為前文提及的“創(chuàng)造性”的進(jìn)一步解釋，同時呼應(yīng)后文“Theyuseshapes,colors

andpatternstoexpressfeelingsandideas.（他們用形狀、顏色和圖案來表達(dá)感情和想

法。）”的"不同形狀，顏色和圖案”，前后銜接緊密。故選G項。

④設(shè)空句為該段的首句，應(yīng)是該段的中心主旨句。根據(jù)后文“Realisticartneedsprecision

indrawingorsculptingtomakethingslookreal.Abstractartrequiresimaginationtouse

shapesandcolorsinneww