經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬和后備母豬管理技術(shù)

/sundae_mengSowandGiltManagement母豬管理Giltpoolmanagement后備母豬群管理Breedingtargets配種目標(biāo)Farrowinghousemangement產(chǎn)房管理Lactationconsumption泌乳期采食量Returntoestrus返情Preweaningmortalityfactors斷奶前死亡因素/sundae_mengHowdoIimprovesowperformance?怎樣提高母豬性能Reducemycotoxins減少霉菌毒素Multiplefeedings/dayoffresh,nutrientdensefeed每天多次飼喂新鮮的，高營養(yǎng)濃度的飼料（泌乳期）Providesupplementalfeedtonursinglitters乳豬補料Donotoverfeedduringgestation懷孕期不要飼喂過多Bringsowsuptofullfeedinlactationgradually(Reachfullintakebyd-8oflactation)泌乳期逐漸到達充足飼喂（泌乳第8天達到充足飼喂）Fibersourceduringgestation懷孕期纖維飼料/sundae_mengWhydoyouneedgoodgiltmanagement???為什么需要良好的后備母豬管理？？？GoalofEfficientGiltManagementSystems:有效的后備母豬管理系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)Tomeetgiltreplacementneedsfromasmallerpoolofgiltswithimprovedlifetimeperformance用較少的、高性能的后備母豬滿足母豬更換的需要Measurement測量指標(biāo)Mean平均Upper10%最好10％Lower10%最查10％Averagefemaleinventory平均母豬存欄10462740.7239.6ReplacementRate更換率58.833.471.4Averageparity平均胎次2.793.82.02002BreedingHerdSummaryforCanada2002年加拿大配種母豬群總結(jié)/2002Datashare.htm/sundae_mengHighest%offarrowingsintheherd母豬群高分娩率Breedingtargets配種目標(biāo)Replaceinvoluntaryfallouts更換偶然的落后的豬Replacevoluntaryculling更換主動的淘汰的豬Importanttomaintainparitystructure對于維持胎次結(jié)構(gòu)很重要(Williams,Patterson,andFoxcroft.BanffPorkSeminar,2005)WhyareGiltsSOIMPORTANT?

為什么后備母豬如此重要？/sundae_mengRequirementsformeetingbreedingtargets滿足配種目標(biāo)的要求Propergiltpoolsizeandeffectivegiltpoolmanagementtomeetgiltbreedingtargets合適的后備母豬群大小和有效的后備母豬群管理來滿足后備母豬的配種目標(biāo)Predictablenumbersofweanedsows可以預(yù)測的斷奶母豬數(shù)/sundae_mengThechallenges挑戰(zhàn)Health健康Effectsongiltflow母豬群流動的影響Nodirectcontrolovergiltsatpubertyage在成熟期沒有對后備母豬直接的控制Off-siteisolationandacclimatization場外的隔離和馴化Lackofspaceforpubertymanagement沒有空間進行成熟期管理Pressureforbreedingtargets(shortterm)配種目標(biāo)的壓力（短期）PrioritiesandDiscipline優(yōu)先和紀(jì)律Notenoughlaborallocatedtogiltmanagement沒有足夠的工人進行后備母豬管理Noobjectivesandtargets沒有目的和目標(biāo)Realunderstandingoftheimportanceofgiltsinasowherd對于后備母豬在母豬群中的重要性的真正理解(Williams,Patterson,andFoxcroft.BanffPorkSeminar,2005)/sundae_mengTheeffects…影響…Inefficientgiltpoolmanagement后備母豬群管理不充分Nocontrolovergiltpool對后備母豬群沒有控制Highinventoryofnon-cyclinggilts不發(fā)情后備母豬存欄量高Unpredictablebreedingtargets不可預(yù)測的配種目標(biāo)Marginalsowsarekeptforbreedingtargets保留的母豬數(shù)量剛剛夠配種目標(biāo)。Startofthe“deathspiral”“死亡螺旋”的開始Inefficienciesincreaseneedsformoregilts沒有增加足夠的后備母豬Lessselection選擇少Breedofmarginal邊緣配種PoorP1andsowperformance頭胎和經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬性能差(Williams,Patterson,andFoxcroft.BanffPorkSeminar,2005)/sundae_mengParturitionMass分娩重165

1.7kg193

1.9kgAverageLitterGrowth(kg/d)平均窩增重速度（公斤/天）2.052.21Percentageoflargest16ovarianfollicles

3.5mmatweaning斷奶時最大的16個卵泡大于3.5毫米的百分比26.1%52.6%ParturitionMass分娩重181.1kg238.2kgSowsinestruswithin9daysafterweaning斷奶后9天內(nèi)母豬發(fā)情比率58%86%OvulationRate排卵數(shù)14.015.6(Clowesetal.,2003)(Mejia-Guadarramaetal.,2003)Effectofbodyweightatparturitiononsubsequentreproductiveandlitterperformance分娩時體重對隨后的繁殖和窩仔生長性能的影響/sundae_meng

Effective“selection”techniques有效的“選擇”技術(shù)“Selected”giltsrespondearlytoboarcontact選擇對公豬接觸反映較早的后備母豬“Selection”shouldincludearecordedestrus選擇需要包括有記錄的發(fā)情“Selectionshouldoccurbelowmarketweight選擇需要在達到上市體重之前進行“Non-select”giltsshouldbeculled選不上的后備母豬要淘汰/sundae_mengAtwhatagedoespuberty“naturally”occuringilts?在多大日齡后備母豬自然達到性成熟Whatfactorsareimportantindeterminingageatpuberty?哪些因素對決定性成熟日齡比較重要

Ageofboarintroduction引入公豬接觸的日齡Directstimulationwithboars公豬的直接刺激Goodheatdetectionmanagement好的發(fā)情檢測技術(shù)120to200+days日齡/sundae_mengCumulativepercentageofgiltsreachingpubertyafterboarcontactat160d()and135d()在160日齡和135日齡接觸公豬后，后備母豬性成熟的累計百分率(FromPatterson,2001)./sundae_mengExtensivestudiesconfirmthatdirectcontactwithmatureboarsisthemosteffectivewaytoinducefirstestrus/sundae_mengAtwhatageshouldIstartpubertystimulation(finalselection)?應(yīng)該在多大日齡開始性成熟刺激（最后選擇）/sundae_mengPubertystimulationfrom160-190daysofageisusuallythemostefficientintermsoflaborandspaceutilization

160－190日齡之間進行性成熟刺激，勞動力和豬舍利用率最高

Thinkintermsof…考慮這個數(shù)據(jù)：

“thenumberofHNSgilts/penspace/day”

“每天每圈HNS后備母豬的頭數(shù)”/sundae_mengEffectofageafirstserviceonperformance

ofgiltstoendofparity1第一次配種時的日齡對后備母豬到第一胎結(jié)束時的生產(chǎn)成績的影響Ageatservice,d配種日齡<240240-260260-280>280SEDP-valueParity1第一胎BornAlive產(chǎn)活仔數(shù)10.210.69.89.70.4.09PigsWeaned斷奶仔豬數(shù)8.99.19.28.70.2.10WEI,d斷奶到再發(fā)情間隔12.610.210.216.72.2.08%giltsculledendparity1第一胎結(jié)束后母豬淘汰率39.531.435.146.05.0.02Youngetal.2003,unpublisheddata/sundae_mengGESTATIONPHASE

懷孕階段/sundae_mengAcontrolledfeedintakeduringgestationiscritical!控制懷孕期喂料量是關(guān)鍵Twomethods:兩個辦法(1)Constantfeedinglevel固定的飼喂量(2)Phasefeedinglevel階段性飼喂量FeedingStrategiesDuringGestation懷孕期飼喂策略CourtesyofN.L.Trottier,Ph.D./sundae_mengCluesthatyoursownutritionmayneedtobeadjusted以下暗示你的母豬的營養(yǎng)需要調(diào)整Weantoestrusintervalincreases斷奶到再發(fā)情間隔變長2ndparityslump第二胎產(chǎn)仔成績下降variabilityinlittersizesubsequentfarrowing以后的幾胎產(chǎn)仔數(shù)變化較大largeeffectsfromseasonalinfertility季節(jié)性不孕影響較大/sundae_mengPhaseFeedinginGestation懷孕期階段飼喂Day1–30天:1.5–2kg/d公斤/天-Limitenergy&proteinintakes限制能量和蛋白攝入Day30–75天:3.2kg/d公斤/天-Feedtoconditionscoreof3根據(jù)膘情飼喂，達到3分Day75-112天:2.5–3kg/d公斤/天Criticalfetalgrowthperiod胎兒生長關(guān)鍵時期Mammarytissuegrowth乳腺組織生長Day112天–Farrow產(chǎn)仔:2kg/d公斤/天Rapidfetalgrowth胎兒快速生長/sundae_mengLactation泌乳/sundae_mengFactorsaffectingFeedIntakeduringlactation泌乳期影響采食量的因素Temperature溫度Protein%蛋白含量Feedingprogramduringg