2022年考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)政法大學(xué)考試題庫(kù)及模擬押密卷65含答案解析

2022年考博英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)政法大學(xué)考試題庫(kù)及模擬押密卷（含答案解析）1.單選題

Itiseasytounderstandthatthethickertheseamis,______togetthecoaloutoftheground.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itischeaper

B.thecheaper

C.itismorecheap

D.thecheaperitis

【答案】D

【解析】考查比較級(jí)的用法?！癟he+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”表示“越……越……”。Cheap的比較級(jí)形式是cheaper，所以排除C項(xiàng)；B項(xiàng)缺少主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，所以B項(xiàng)排除；A項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)法。句意：很容易理解的是，煤層越厚，將煤從地下開(kāi)采出來(lái)的成本就越低。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Asculturesaremergedandtraditionslost,immigrantswillcometobeassimilated.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eliminated

B.revoked

C.modified

D.blended

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。merge表示“合并，融合”。A項(xiàng)eliminate“消除”，B項(xiàng)revoke“撤回，取消”，C項(xiàng)modify“修飾”，D項(xiàng)blend“混合，協(xié)調(diào)”；句意：隨著文化的融合和傳統(tǒng)的喪失，移民將會(huì)被同化。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

3.單選題

Sincespeechissuchafamiliaractivity,itisoftenregardedasauniversalendowment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gift

B.event

C.trait

D.habit

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。endowment表示“捐贈(zèng)，天資”。A項(xiàng)gift“天資，禮物”，B項(xiàng)event“事件”，C項(xiàng)trait“特性，品質(zhì)”，D項(xiàng)habit“習(xí)慣，嗜好”。句意：由于演講是令大家如此熟悉的意象活動(dòng)，所以它被視為一種人人具備的天賦。根據(jù)題意該題選A。

4.翻譯題

中國(guó)與西方國(guó)家的合作是互利的。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，不僅改善了本國(guó)人民的生活，也為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)提供了新的推動(dòng)力，為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家提供了更多的商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。中國(guó)是一個(gè)潛力巨大的新興市場(chǎng)，西方國(guó)家技術(shù)先進(jìn)，資金雄厚，兩者經(jīng)濟(jì)上具有很強(qiáng)的互補(bǔ)性。西方一些國(guó)家對(duì)華采取歧視性的貿(mào)易政策，不僅損人，最終也會(huì)損害自己的利益。

【答案】參考譯文：

ThecooperationoftheWestandChinaismutuallybeneficialtoeachother.TheeconomicdevelopmentofChinanotonlyimprovethequalityofnative’slife,butalsogivenewimpetustoworldeconomyandprovidemoreopportunitiesforthedevelopedcountriesinbusiness.Chinaisanemergingmarketwithgreatpotential,whileWesterncountrieshaveadvancedtechnologyandabundantcapital,bothofwhicharehighlycomplementaryineconomy.SomewesterncountriesadoptdiscriminatorytradepoliciesagainstChina,whichwillnotonlydoesharmtoothers,butalsodoesharmtotheirowninterestsintheend.

5.填空題

Directions:Inthispart,youwillreadapassage.Thenusingwordsorphrasesfromthepassagefillintheboxesinthefollowingdiagramtoindicatethepossiblesequencesofeventsbeforeandafteranearthquake.WriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

1.Everyyearearthquakesareresponsibleforalargenumberofdeathsandavastamountofdestructioninvariouspartsoftheworld.MostofthesedamagingearthquakesoccureitherinanarrowbeltwhichsurroundsthePacificOceanorinalinewhichextendsfromBurmatotheAlpsinEurope.Someofthedestructionisdirectlycausedbythequakeitself.Anexampleofthisisthecollapseofbuildingsasaresultofvibration.Otherdamageresultsfromlandslides,tsunamis(largeoceanwaves)ormajorfireswhichareinitiatedbythequake.

2.Thereareaboutamillionquakesayear.Fortunately,however,notallofthemaredestructive.TheintensityofanearthquakeismeasuredontheRichterScale,whichgoesfrom0upward.Thehighestmagnituderecordedtodateis8.9.Majordamagegenerallyoccursfromquakesrangingupwardsfrom6.0.Exceptionstothisarethosewhoseepicentersarelocatedfarfrominhabitedareas.

3.Theactualcauseofthequakeitselfistherupturingorbreakingofrocksatorbelowtheearth’ssurface.Thisisproducedbypressurewhichscientistsbelievemaybeduetoanumberofreasons,twoofwhicharetheexpansionandcontractionoftheearth’scrustandcontinentaldrift.

4.Inordertominimizethedamageandtoalleviatesomeofthesufferingresultingfromearthquakes,scientistsareworkingonwaystoenableaccurateprediction.Twooftheinstrumentspresentlyinusetoachievethisgoalareseismographsandtiltmeters.Theformerrecordsanyshakingoftheearth;bymeansofcalculationsseismologistscanaccuratelyindicatetheexacttime,locationandsizeofanearthquake.Thelatter,asthenamesuggests,isusedtorecordanychangesinthetiltoftheland.

【答案】66.pressure

67.seismographs

68.shakingoftheearth

69.tiltmeters

70.changesinthetiltoftheland

【解析】66.根據(jù)第三段最后一句Thisisproducedbypressurewhichscientistsbelievemaybeduetoanumberofreasons,twoofwhicharetheexpansionandcontractionoftheearth’scrustandcontinentaldrift.（這是由科學(xué)家認(rèn)為可能是由許多原因造成的壓力產(chǎn)生的，其中兩個(gè)是地殼的膨脹和收縮以及大陸漂移。），由此可知expansionandcontractionoftheearth（地殼的膨脹和收縮）和continentaldrift（大陸漂移）是pressure(壓力)。

67.根據(jù)第四段第二句Twooftheinstrumentspresentlyinusetoachievethisgoalareseismographsandtiltmeters.（目前用于實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的儀器有地震儀和傾斜儀。）可知，空格應(yīng)填入seismographs。

68.根據(jù)第四段第三句Theformerrecordsanyshakingoftheearth（地震儀是用來(lái)記錄地殼的任何震動(dòng)）可知，空格應(yīng)填入shakingoftheearth。

69.根據(jù)第四段第二句Twooftheinstrumentspresentlyinusetoachievethisgoalareseismographsandtiltmeters.（目前用于實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的儀器有地震儀和傾斜儀。）可知，空格應(yīng)填入tiltmeters。

70.根據(jù)第四段最后一句Thelatter,asthenamesuggests,isusedtorecordanychangesinthetiltoftheland.（傾斜儀，顧名思義，是用來(lái)記錄土地傾斜的任何變化。）可知，空格應(yīng)填入changesinthetiltoftheland。

6.單選題

Invasivespeciesaren’tspecies—theycanalsobepathogens.SuchisthecasewiththeWestNilevirus.Aninosquito-bomevirusidentifiedintheWestNilesubregioninUgandain1937—hencethename—WestNilewasn’tmuchofaconcerntopeopleelsewhereuntilitbrokeoutofAfricain1999.ThefirstU.ScaseswereconfirmedinNewYorkCityin1999,andithasnowspreadthroughoutmuchoftheworld.Though80%ofinfectionsaresubclinical,thosewhodogetsickcangetverysick.Theviruscanledtoencephalitis—inflammationofthebrainandnervoussystem—andevendeath,with286peopledyingfromWestNileintheU.Sin2012.Thereweremorethan5,500casesreportedthatyear,andthescarythingisthatastheclimatewarms.WestNilewillcontinuetospread.

That’stheconclusionofanewstudyfromateamofresearchersintheU.S,BritainandGermany,includingthoseattheCenterforTropicalResearchatUCLA’sInstituteoftheEnvironmentandSustainability.InastudypublishedinthejournalGlobalChangeBiology,theresearcherstookclimateandspeciesdistributiondata,andcreatedmodelsthattrytoprojectthespreadofthevirusastheglobewarms.WestNilevirusiscarriedbymosquitoes,andinfectedinsectstransmitthevirustohumanbeingswithabite.Butbirdsplayaroletoo—ifbittenbyaninfectedmosquito,birdscangeneratehighlevelsofthevirusintheirbloodstream,andcanthentransmitittouninfectedmosquitoes,whichinturncaninfectpeople.ThebiggestindicatorofwhetherWestNileviruswilloccuristhemaximumtemperatureofthewannestmonthoftheyear,whichiswhythevirushascausedthemostdamageinhotsouthernstateslikeTexas.

TheUCLAmodellooksonlyatclimatedata,anddoesn’ttakeintoaccountthekindofcontrolmethodsthatcanbeusedtocombatWestNileontheground,includingpesticidesprayingandland-usechangesthatdenymosquitoesthepoolsofstagnantwatertheyuseasbreedingsites.That’simportanttorememberwhileclimatechangecanraisetheriskoftypicallytropicaldiseaseslikeWestNileormalaria,smartcontroleffortscanoffsetatleastsomeofthatdanger.ButtheUCLAstudyunderscoresthefactthatclimatechangeoperatedasathreatmultiplierfortropicaldiseases,onethatwillallowpathogenstoinvadenewterritory—andultimately,us.

61.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartofthesentenceinthefirstparagraph?

62.Thelivingconditionsofbees’willbeimprovedwithrespecttothefollowingaspectsexcept______.

63.Accordingtothepassage,thecriticalfactorforthevirusbeingspreadis______.

64.Accordingtothepassage,theresearchofUCLAimposesemphasison______.

65.Thetitleofthepassagewouldprobablybe“______”.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarenotserious.

B.Theyareunexpected.

C.Theyaresubjecttoclinics.

D.Theyyieldnosymptoms.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theplants

B.thegrassland

C.thequalityofbees

D.thediseasetreatment

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thetemperature

B.theinfectedbirds

C.themosquitoes

D.Thehygiene

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.sprayingpesticide

B.mosquitocontrol

C.climatechange

D.changethelanduse

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.DangerofVirus

B.ClimatechangeandVirus

C.InvadedSpecies

D.IntroductionofVirusControl

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】61.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“第一段的劃線部分是什么意思？”。從第一段Though80%ofinfectionsaresubclinical,thosewhodogetsickcangetverysick.（盡管80%的感染是亞臨床的，但是那些確實(shí)癥狀明顯的人就會(huì)病得很嚴(yán)重）可以看出劃線部分的意思是“臨床癥狀不明顯的”，所以可以推斷出是不嚴(yán)重的。B項(xiàng)“不被期望的”和C項(xiàng)“會(huì)變成臨床”沒(méi)有提到；D項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有癥狀”錯(cuò)誤，亞臨床是癥狀不明顯，不代表沒(méi)有。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

62.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“蜜蜂的生活條件將得到改善是關(guān)于以下原因，除了……？”。文章第二段講到蚊子攜帶病毒通過(guò)叮咬傳染給鳥(niǎo)類及人類，蚊子會(huì)攜帶病毒與它的生活條件息息相關(guān)。通過(guò)這些分析同樣可以推理，只有和蜜蜂的生活條件相關(guān)的事物才能對(duì)其產(chǎn)生影響；A項(xiàng)“植物”，B項(xiàng)“草地”，C項(xiàng)“蜜蜂的質(zhì)量”，D項(xiàng)“病害處治”；只有B項(xiàng)與蜜蜂生活條件無(wú)關(guān)，所以該題B項(xiàng)正確。

63.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意思是“病毒傳播的關(guān)鍵因素是什么？”。第一段最后一句Thereweremorethan5,500casesreportedthatyear,andthescarythingisthatastheclimatewarms.WestNilewillcontinuetospread.（那一年報(bào)告的病例超過(guò)了5500例，可怕的是隨著氣候變暖，西尼羅河病毒將繼續(xù)蔓延）和第二段第四行theresearcherstookclimateandspeciesdistributiondata,andcreatedmodelsthattrytoprojectthespreadofthevirusastheglobewarms（研究人員獲取了氣候和物種分布數(shù)據(jù)，并創(chuàng)建了模型，試圖預(yù)測(cè)隨著全球變暖病毒的傳播方向），可以推斷病毒傳播和溫度有關(guān)；B選項(xiàng)“被感染的鳥(niǎo)類”和C選項(xiàng)“蚊子”只是傳播的一個(gè)途徑，D選項(xiàng)“衛(wèi)生”文中沒(méi)有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

64.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“UCLA的研究重點(diǎn)是什么？”。最后一段提到TheUCLAmodellooksonlyatclimatedata,anddoesn’ttakeintoaccountthekindofcontrolmethodsthatcanbeusedtocombatWestNileontheground,includingpesticidesprayingandland-usechangesthatdenymosquitoesthepoolsofstagnantwatertheyuseasbreedingsites.（UCLA的模型只考慮了氣候數(shù)據(jù)，并沒(méi)有考慮到可以在地面上對(duì)抗西尼羅河病毒的控制方法，包括噴灑殺蟲(chóng)劑和改變土地使用，阻止蚊子進(jìn)入它們作為繁殖地點(diǎn)的積水池），可以推斷，UCLA的研究是把重點(diǎn)放在了氣候變化。A選項(xiàng)“噴灑農(nóng)藥”、B選項(xiàng)“控制蚊子”和D選項(xiàng)“改變土地使用”都不是UCLA團(tuán)隊(duì)的研究重點(diǎn)，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

65.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章的標(biāo)題可能是什么？”。這篇文章主要圍繞病毒的產(chǎn)生擴(kuò)散和氣候溫度的關(guān)系來(lái)展開(kāi)敘述和討論；A項(xiàng)“病毒的危險(xiǎn)”，文章只是通過(guò)病毒的危害來(lái)引出后面研究人員對(duì)病毒的研究，不符合題意；C選項(xiàng)“入侵的物種”，文章只是引用入侵的物種來(lái)引出話題；D選項(xiàng)“病毒控制的介紹”，文章的著重點(diǎn)是在病毒和氣候變化的關(guān)系，因此B選項(xiàng)“病毒與氣候”最符合題意。

7.單選題

Iwon’thaveawhisky,thankyou.It’snotthatIdon’tdrink,______thatIdon’tdrinkanddrive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.butrather

B.butalso

C.except

D.otherwise

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子邏輯。前面和后面構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)butrather“而是，相反地”表示對(duì)比；B項(xiàng)butalso“并且”表示強(qiáng)調(diào)；C項(xiàng)except“除了”，exceptthat“只可惜，除了……之外”表示轉(zhuǎn)折；D項(xiàng)otherwise“否則”，一般是作為副詞來(lái)使用，連接并列分句。句意：我不要威士忌，謝謝。不是我不喝，只可惜我不能喝，要開(kāi)車。根據(jù)句意，正確答案為C。

8.單選題

______peopledependtosuchagreatextentonforests,everyeffortmustbemadetopreservetreesandwildlife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.How

B.Since

C.That

D.Which

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子邏輯。A項(xiàng)how引導(dǎo)疑問(wèn)句，表示“怎樣”，B項(xiàng)since表示“自從，由于”，C項(xiàng)that連接詞，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句，D項(xiàng)which疑問(wèn)代詞表示“哪一個(gè)”。該句前后為兩個(gè)完整的句子，形成因果關(guān)系，句首缺少一個(gè)表達(dá)原因的連詞，故B項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：由于人們?cè)诤艽蟪潭壬暇o緊依賴森林資源，故我們必須全力以赴保護(hù)樹(shù)木與野生動(dòng)物。故正確答案為B。

9.翻譯題

Oncampus,youwillquicklydiscoverthatanimportantpartofthecultureisawillingnesstostayengagedwithproblemsandarguments,tokeeppushingforasharedvocabularyandasharedunderstanding.Youwillencounterapost-Enlightenmentsensibility,underwhichmoreandmorecornersofhumanexperiencearesusceptibletocriticalanalysisanddebate.Fewerandfewerdomainsoflifefeellikemattersofpurelypersonaltaste—chocolateorvanilla—thingsthataretruly“just,like,youropinion.”Andyouwillfindyourselfspendingmanyhours,lateatnightandearlyinthemorning,searchingforthatsharedunderstanding.Andhereyouwilldiscoveroneoftheuniversity’sgreatstrengthsasacommunity.Itdoesn’ttakemuchworktosearchforasharedunderstandingwithsomeonewhoisprettymuchlikeyou.Butittakesrealefforttosearchforasharedunderstandingwithsomeonewhoisdifferent.Themostprofoundoptimismunderlyinghighereducationtodayisthesimultaneousrecognitionthat,ontheoneband,differencesofview,background,andperspectivearerealandimportant,and,ontheotherhand,peoplewhoholdthosedifferencescancometogetherforfouryearsonabeautifulhilltop,listentooneanotherwithtoleranceandrespect,andengage.

【答案】參考譯文：

在校園，你將很快發(fā)現(xiàn)校園文化的一個(gè)重要組成部分，那就是愿意面對(duì)問(wèn)題和爭(zhēng)論，為共享的詞匯和共享的理解而不斷努力。你們將面對(duì)后啟蒙時(shí)代的感性，在這種感性力量下，人類經(jīng)驗(yàn)中越來(lái)越多的角落容易受到批判性分析和辯論的影響。生活中越來(lái)越少的領(lǐng)域感覺(jué)像純粹個(gè)人品味的事情，例如選擇巧克力味或香草味，這些事情才是真正的“只是你的觀點(diǎn)”。你將發(fā)現(xiàn)自己會(huì)為了尋求共享的理解而花很多時(shí)間，通宵達(dá)旦。你將發(fā)現(xiàn)大學(xué)作為一個(gè)團(tuán)體的偉大力量之一。和一個(gè)與你相似的人達(dá)成共同的理解并不需很大的工夫，但是要和一個(gè)與你不同的人達(dá)成共識(shí)就不是什么容易的事了?，F(xiàn)今的高等教育最值得樂(lè)觀的一點(diǎn)是，同時(shí)意識(shí)到了這兩個(gè)方面：一是不同的看法、背景和觀點(diǎn)很重要；二是那些持有不同觀點(diǎn)的人們能相聚在一起，在一個(gè)美麗的山頂共處四年，相互容忍，相互尊重和相互影響。

10.單選題

Criticsofearlyschoolingciteresearchthatquestionswhether4-year-oldchildrenarereadytotakeonformallearning.Educatorsfindthat21toddlersaremorelikelytosucceedduringtheirschoolcareers,22theiryoungercounterpartsaremorelikelyto__23_.Kindergartenchildrenwhoturnfiveduringthe24halfoftheyearseemtobeatadisadvantagewhenit25physical,emotional,social,andintellectualdevelopment.Additionally,childrenwhoarenearlysixwhentheyenterkindergarten26toreceivebettergradesandscorehigheronachievement27throughouttheirschoolingexperience28dothosewhobeginkindergartenhavingjustturnedfive.Beingbrightandverballyskillfulandbeingreadyforschooldonotseemtobethe29thing.Itiseasytoconfusethesuperficialpoiseandsophisticationofmanyoftoday’schildren30innermaturity.Indeed,evidencesuggeststhatearlyschoolingboomerangs:Youngsters31parentspushthemtoattainacademicsuccessinpreschoolaxelesscreative,have32anxietyabouttests,and,bytheendofkindergarten,failtomaintaintheirinitialacademicadvantage33theirless-pressuredpeers.

Manypsychologistsandeducatorsremainskepticalofapproachesthatplace4-year-oldsinaformaleducationalsetting.Theyquestion34environmentalenrichmentcansignificantlyalterthebuilt-indevelopmenttimetableofachildrearedinanondisadvantagedhome.Theydonotdeny,however,the35ofday-carecentersandnurseryschoolsthatprovideahomelikeenvironmentandallowchildren36freedomtoplay,developattheirown37__,andevolvetheirsocialskills.Buttheypointoutthatmanyofthethingschildrenoncedidinfirstgradearenow38oftheminkindergarten,andtheyworrylestmoreandmorewillnowbeaskedof4-year-olds,Therepsychologistsandeducatorsbelievewearedrivingyoungchildrentoo39andtherebydeprivingthemoftheir40__.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.older

B.taller

C.stronger

D.smarter

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.since

B.nowthat

C.thereby

D.whereas

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.fall

B.fail

C.flee

D.fear

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.late

B.later

C.latest

D.latter

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.liesin

B.dealswith

C.comesto

D.callsfor

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.help

B.want

C.tend

D.prefer

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.tests

B.trials

C.performance

D.competition

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.which

C.then

D.than

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.easy

B.hard

C.same

D.similar

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.against

C.with

D.towards

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.with

C.those

D.whose

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.much

B.more

C.many

D.most

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.against

C.over

D.than

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.that

C.why

D.whether

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.value

B.power

C.consideration

D.responsibility

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.possible

B.reasonable

C.imaginable

D.considerable

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.way

B.case

C.pace

D.means

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.thought

B.reminded

C.expected

D.regarded

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.well

B.hard

C.badly

D.directly

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.memory

B.childhood

C.ambitions

D.simplicity

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:A

第16題:A

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:B

第20題:B

【解析】21.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查上下文。A項(xiàng)older“更年長(zhǎng)的”，B項(xiàng)taller“更高的”，C項(xiàng)stronger“更強(qiáng)壯的”，D項(xiàng)smarter“更聰明的”。根據(jù)后文中的theiryoungercounterparts可以知道這里是一個(gè)對(duì)比，所以我們應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)和younger做對(duì)比的詞語(yǔ)，A項(xiàng)最符合。句意：教育家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，年齡較大的學(xué)步兒童更有可能在他們的學(xué)校生涯中取得成功。故選擇A正確。

22.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義。A項(xiàng)since“自從”，B項(xiàng)nowthat“既然，由于”，C項(xiàng)thereby“從而，因此”，D項(xiàng)whereas“然而，鑒于”。根據(jù)句子Educatorsfindthatoldertoddlersaremorelikelytosucceedduringtheirschoolcareers,…theiryoungercounterpartsaremorelikelyto…（教育家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，年齡較大的學(xué)步兒童更有可能在他們的學(xué)校生涯中取得成功，……他們的年輕同齡人則更有可能……）可知，此處需要一個(gè)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，A、B、C選項(xiàng)都是表示因果的，故選擇D正確。

23.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義。A項(xiàng)fall“摔倒”，B項(xiàng)fail“失敗”，C項(xiàng)flee“逃走，消失”，D項(xiàng)fear“恐懼，害怕”。根據(jù)句子Educatorsfindthatoldertoddlersaremorelikelytosucceedduringtheirschoolcareers,whereastheiryoungercounterpartsaremorelikelyto…（教育家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，年齡較大的學(xué)步兒童更有可能在他們的學(xué)校生涯中取得成功，然而他們的年輕同齡人則更有可能……）可知，年紀(jì)大一點(diǎn)的孩子更容易取得更好的成績(jī)，那也就是說(shuō)年紀(jì)稍小的容易出錯(cuò)或失敗，故選擇B正確。

24.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)late“遲，晚”，B項(xiàng)later“隨后”，C項(xiàng)latest“最近的，最新的”，D項(xiàng)latter“后者的，近來(lái)的”。根據(jù)句子Kindergartenchildrenwhoturnfiveduringthe…h(huán)alfoftheyearseemtobeatadisadvantage（在今年……半年滿5歲的幼兒園孩子似乎處于不利地位）可知根據(jù)句子的意思，我們知道這里要說(shuō)的是下半年出生的孩子不占優(yōu)勢(shì)，在英文中下半年的表達(dá)是固定的，即thelaterhalfoftheyear，也可以用secondhalf來(lái)表示下半年。故選擇B正確。

25.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義。A項(xiàng)liein“存在于”，B項(xiàng)dealwith“處理”，C項(xiàng)cometo“想起，共計(jì)，達(dá)到”，D項(xiàng)callfor“要求，需要”。根據(jù)句子Kindergartenchildrenwhoturnfiveduringthelaterhalfoftheyearseemtobeatadisadvantagewhenit…physical,emotional,social,andintellectualdevelopment.（在今年下半年滿5歲的幼兒園孩子……身體、情感、社交和智力發(fā)展方面似乎處于不利地位）可知空格應(yīng)該填入表達(dá)“在，到”的詞語(yǔ)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有C項(xiàng)符合題意。故選擇C正確。

26.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查邏輯。A項(xiàng)help“幫助”，B項(xiàng)want“想要”，C項(xiàng)tend“趨向”，D項(xiàng)prefer“更喜歡”。根據(jù)句子Additionally,childrenwhoarenearlysixwhentheyenterkindergarten…toreceivebettergradesandscorehigher（此外，接近6歲時(shí)進(jìn)入幼兒園的孩子……獲得更好的成績(jī)，取得更高的成績(jī)）可知快6歲才上幼兒園的孩子更容易取得好的成績(jī)；這是一個(gè)客觀趨勢(shì)，而非孩子的主觀意愿，所以不能選擇A項(xiàng)，B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)；tendto有“傾向于，易于做某事”的意思，符合上下文語(yǔ)義。故選擇C正確。

27.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)test“測(cè)試”，B項(xiàng)trial“試驗(yàn)，磨練”，C項(xiàng)performance“表現(xiàn)”，D項(xiàng)competition“競(jìng)賽，比賽”。根據(jù)句子Additionally,childrenwhoarenearlysixwhentheyenterkindergarten…toreceivebettergradesandscorehigher（此外，進(jìn)入幼兒園時(shí)接近6歲的孩子往往成績(jī)更好，在成就……中也取得更高的分?jǐn)?shù)），achievementtest固定搭配，表示“成就測(cè)試”；故選擇A正確。

28.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查邏輯。這里由于修飾those的定語(yǔ)從句whobeginkindergartenhavingjustturnedfive太長(zhǎng)，所以文章將動(dòng)詞do提前，而將發(fā)出動(dòng)作的those及從句置后，這是一個(gè)倒裝句式。所以根據(jù)前后文childrenwhoarenearlysixwhentheyenterkindergartentendtoreceivebettergradesandscorehigheronachievementteststhroughouttheirschoolingexperience…dothosewhobeginkindergartenhavingjustturnedfive（進(jìn)入幼兒園時(shí)接近6歲的孩子和那些剛滿5歲就上幼兒園的孩子……，6歲的孩子往往成績(jī)更好，在成就測(cè)試中也取得更高的分?jǐn)?shù)）我們可知，剛滿5歲的孩子在各方面表現(xiàn)上可能相對(duì)年紀(jì)大一點(diǎn)的孩子要差一點(diǎn)，所以這里需要一個(gè)表示對(duì)比的介詞，只有D項(xiàng)符合；A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句；C項(xiàng)連詞；故選擇D正確。

29.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A項(xiàng)easy“容易的”，B項(xiàng)hard“硬的，困難的”，C項(xiàng)same“同樣的”，D項(xiàng)similar“相似的”。根據(jù)句子Beingbrightandverballyskillfulandbeingreadyforschooldonotseemtobethe…thing.Itiseasytoconfusethesuperficialpoiseandsophisticationofmanyoftoday’schildren…（聰明、語(yǔ)言熟練和準(zhǔn)備好上學(xué)似乎不是……事；人們很容易混淆當(dāng)今許多孩子內(nèi)心的成熟老練）可知，這里應(yīng)該是說(shuō)孩子外在表現(xiàn)地聰明，能說(shuō)會(huì)道與內(nèi)在實(shí)際適合上學(xué)并不是同一件事；故選擇C正確。

30.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)for“對(duì)于”，B項(xiàng)against“反對(duì)，針對(duì)”，C項(xiàng)with“和”，D項(xiàng)towards“朝，向”。根據(jù)上下文我們知道，我們很容易將當(dāng)今孩子外表所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的鎮(zhèn)靜和世故與孩子內(nèi)心的成熟度相混淆。此處考查的是confusesth.withsth.固定搭配，所以這里的介詞要選擇with；故選擇C正確。

31.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。A項(xiàng)and“和”表并列，B項(xiàng)with“和”表伴隨，C項(xiàng)those“這些”，D項(xiàng)whose“誰(shuí)的”。根據(jù)Youngsters…parentspushthemtoattainacademicsuccessinpreschoolaxelesscreative（那些被父母逼著在學(xué)前班就取得學(xué)業(yè)成就的孩子們，往往缺乏創(chuàng)造力）可知，Youngsters和parentspushthemtoattainacademicsuccess的關(guān)系是后面的作為定語(yǔ)修飾前面的youngster，所以要選擇whose來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；故選擇D正確。

32.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查上下文語(yǔ)義。A項(xiàng)much“大量”修飾不可數(shù)；B項(xiàng)more“更多”，用于比較級(jí)；C項(xiàng)many“許多”；D項(xiàng)most“最多”，用于最高級(jí)。根據(jù)Youngsterswhoseparentspushthemtoattainacademicsuccessinpreschoolaxelesscreative,have…anxietyabouttests（那些被父母逼著在學(xué)前班就取得學(xué)業(yè)成就的孩子們，往往缺乏創(chuàng)造力，對(duì)考試……焦慮）可知，根據(jù)前文的less（更少）可知，這里是一個(gè)比較級(jí)；根據(jù)句意，被父母逼著在學(xué)前班就取得學(xué)業(yè)成就的孩子們更缺少創(chuàng)新，更容易對(duì)考試焦慮；故選擇B正確。

33.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查句意。A項(xiàng)to“朝，對(duì)于”；B項(xiàng)against“針對(duì)，敵對(duì)”；C項(xiàng)over“在……之上，越過(guò)”；D項(xiàng)than“比”。根據(jù)failtomaintaintheirinitialacademicadvantage…theirless-pressuredpeers（沒(méi)有保持他們最初的學(xué)術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)……他們壓力較小的同齡人）可知，根據(jù)前文的less（更少）可知，壓力大的孩子比壓力小的孩子更容易無(wú)法維持他們的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)，所以這里有一個(gè)比較的意思；A項(xiàng)沒(méi)有對(duì)比的含義，所以排除；B項(xiàng)表示針對(duì)，不適合；C項(xiàng)可引申為可引中為多于的意思；D項(xiàng)只是表達(dá)比較，沒(méi)有傾向性；故選擇C正確。

34.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查上下文語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)法。根據(jù)Manypsychologistsandeducatorsremainskepticalofapproachesthatplace4-year-oldsinaformaleducationalsetting.Theyquestion…environmentalenrichmentcansignificantlyalterthebuilt-indevelopmenttimetableofachildrearedinanondisadvantagedhome.（許多心理學(xué)家和教育家對(duì)將4歲的孩子置于正式教育環(huán)境中的方法持懷疑態(tài)度。他們質(zhì)疑……環(huán)境的豐富可以顯著改變一個(gè)在非弱勢(shì)家庭中長(zhǎng)大的孩子的內(nèi)在發(fā)展時(shí)間表）可知，question這里是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)該接賓語(yǔ)從句，A項(xiàng)表示專家們懷疑的是外在富裕環(huán)境如何改變孩子；B項(xiàng)表示對(duì)整個(gè)觀點(diǎn)都懷疑，一般是否定傾向的；C項(xiàng)表示為什么外在富裕的環(huán)境能夠改變孩子，是追究原因；D項(xiàng)表示懷疑外在富裕的環(huán)境能否改變孩子。結(jié)合全文可知這里更多只是表示專家懷疑是否能改變，而不是追求背后的原因，改變的方式或否定這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。故選擇D正確。

35.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查句意。A項(xiàng)value“價(jià)值”；B項(xiàng)power“力量”；C項(xiàng)consideration“考慮”；D項(xiàng)responsibility“責(zé)任”。根據(jù)Theydonotdeny,however,the…ofday-carecentersandnurseryschoolsthatprovideahomelikeenvironment（然而，他們并不否認(rèn)日托中心和幼兒園所提供的像家一樣的環(huán)境的……）可知，此處應(yīng)該表示“價(jià)值”。故選擇A正確。

36.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查句意。A項(xiàng)possible“可能的”；B項(xiàng)reasonable“理性的”；C項(xiàng)imaginable“想象力的”；D項(xiàng)considerable“相當(dāng)大的，重要的”。根據(jù)allowchildren…freedomtoplay（允許孩子們……自由去玩耍）可知，此處應(yīng)該表示給孩子們盡可能的自由。故選擇A正確。

37.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)way“方法”；B項(xiàng)case“案件”；C項(xiàng)pace“步伐”；D項(xiàng)means“意味著，手段”。根據(jù)developattheirown…andevolvetheirsocialskills（發(fā)展他們自己的……，發(fā)展他們的社交技能）可知，此處應(yīng)該表示按照自己的方式來(lái)進(jìn)行發(fā)展。atone’sway表示“根據(jù)某人自己的方式”；atone’scase表示“根據(jù)某人的狀況”；atone’space表示“根據(jù)自己的速度，步伐”；atone’smeans表示“根據(jù)某人的手段”。故選擇A正確。

38.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義。A項(xiàng)think“思考”；B項(xiàng)remind“提醒”；C項(xiàng)expect“期望”；D項(xiàng)regard“看待”。根據(jù)Buttheypointoutthatmanyofthethingschildrenoncedidinfirstgradearenow…oftheminkindergarten（但是他們指出，孩子們?cè)?jīng)在一年級(jí)做的很多事情現(xiàn)在都……在幼兒園做）可知，此處表達(dá)期望的意思；故選擇C正確。

39.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義。A項(xiàng)well“充分地”；B項(xiàng)hard“艱難地，嚴(yán)厲地”；C項(xiàng)badly“壞地”；D項(xiàng)directly“直接地”。根據(jù)Therepsychologistsandeducatorsbelievewearedrivingyoungchildrentoo…（心理學(xué)家和教育家認(rèn)為我們對(duì)孩子的要求……）可知，此處表達(dá)對(duì)孩子的要求越來(lái)越高，所以讓孩子們感到難度很大；C項(xiàng)表示過(guò)于要求孩子們，有傷害到了孩子的意思；B項(xiàng)相對(duì)中性，表達(dá)的是過(guò)多的要求孩子們。故選擇B正確。

40.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義和上下文邏輯。A項(xiàng)memory“記憶”；B項(xiàng)childhood“童年”；C項(xiàng)ambition“野心”；D項(xiàng)simplicity“天真，愚蠢”。根據(jù)Therepsychologistsandeducatorsbelievewearedrivingyoungchildrentoohardandtherebydeprivingthemoftheir…（心理學(xué)家和教育家認(rèn)為，我們對(duì)孩子們的要求太高，從而剝奪了他們的……）可知，此處表達(dá)變相的剝奪了本該屬于孩子們的童年；故選擇B正確。

11.單選題

Aneducationalenvironmenttoseparateyoufromthedailyrigorsoflife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isdesigned

B.designed

C.istobedesigned

D.designs

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的用法。句子主語(yǔ)是aneducationalenvironment“一種教育環(huán)境”，是design動(dòng)作執(zhí)行的對(duì)象，因此要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示“教育環(huán)境被設(shè)計(jì)成”；固定用法bedesignedtodo“打算、目的是”；A選項(xiàng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；B選項(xiàng)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；C選項(xiàng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表“將要被設(shè)定成”；D選項(xiàng)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；句意：教育環(huán)境能將你從日常生活的艱辛中抽離出來(lái)。根據(jù)句意A選項(xiàng)最符合題意。

12.單選題

Today’ssuccessinweatherforecastingstemsfromappliedratherthanpurescience.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.derivesfrom

B.leadsto

C.concurswith

D.benefitsfrom

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。stemfrom表示“起源于”。A項(xiàng)derivefrom“源出，來(lái)自”，B項(xiàng)leadto“導(dǎo)致”，C項(xiàng)concurwith“同意”，D項(xiàng)benefitfrom“得益于，得利于”；句意：今天天氣預(yù)報(bào)的成功源于應(yīng)用科學(xué)而非純科學(xué)。根據(jù)句意該題選A。

13.單選題

Alllivingorganismsconstantlyabsorbcarbon14______theirexistence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.about

C.around

D.throughout

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)out“向外”，B項(xiàng)about“大約，關(guān)于”，C項(xiàng)around“圍繞”，D項(xiàng)throughout“自始至終，遍及”。句意：所有生物在其生存過(guò)程中都會(huì)不斷地吸收碳14。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thecopperpothasbecometarnishedaftermanyyearsofneglect.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lostitsluster

B.becomeglossy

C.beenremoved

D.beenbuffed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。becometarnished表示“變得晦暗的，失去光澤的”；A項(xiàng)lostitsluster“失去光澤”，B項(xiàng)becomeglossy“變得光滑”，C項(xiàng)beenremoved“被移除”，D項(xiàng)beenbuffed“被拋光”。句意：這只銅壺多年沒(méi)管了，已經(jīng)失去了光澤。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Theframeworkofthespecialtheoryofrelativitycanbeconstructedfromtheassumptionoftheabsoluteinvariabilityofthespeedoflight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.definition

B.encouragement

C.regulation

D.supposition

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。assumption表示“假定，設(shè)想”。A項(xiàng)definition“定義，清晰度”，B項(xiàng)encouragement“鼓勵(lì)”，C項(xiàng)regulation“管理，規(guī)則”，D項(xiàng)supposition“假定，推測(cè)”。句意：狹義相對(duì)論的框架可以從光速絕對(duì)不變性的假設(shè)來(lái)構(gòu)建。根據(jù)題意該題選D。

16.單選題

InthevillagesoftheEnglishcountrysidetherearestillpeoplewhorememberthegoodolddayswhennoonebotheredtolocktheirdoors.Theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout.

Amazingly,thesehappytimesappearstilltobewithusintheworld’sbiggestcommunity.AnewstudybyDanFarmer,agiftedprogrammer,usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.

SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhackingtricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.Fannerhasmadetheprogrampubliclyavailable,amidmuchcriticism.Apersonwithevilintentcoulduseittohuntdownsitesthatareeasytoburgle.

ButFarmerisveryconcernedabouttheneedtoalertthepublictopoorsecurityand,sofar,eventshaveprovedhimright.SATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorder.SoistheNetbecomingmoresecure?Farfromit.Intheearlydays,whenyouvisitedaWebsiteyourbrowsersimplylookedatthecontent.NowtheWebisfulloftinyprogramsthatautomaticallydownloadwhenyoulookataWebpage,andrunonyourownmachine.Theseprogramscould,iftheirauthorswished,doallkindsofnastythingstoyourcomputer.

Atthesametime,theNetisincreasinglypopulatedwithspiders,worms,agentsandothertypesofautomatedbeastsdesignedtopenetratethesitesandseekoutandclassifyinformation.Allthesemakewonderfultoolsforantisocialpeoplewhowanttoinvadeweaksitesandcausedamage.

Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.Maybethatisbecausehackersarefundamentallyhonest.Orthattherecurrentlyisn’tmuchtosteal.Orbecausevandalismisn’tmuchfununlessyouhaveapeculiardislikeforsomeone.

Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.Butexpectitalltochange,andsecuritytobecomethenumberoneissue,whenthemostinfluentialinhabitantsoftheNetaresellingservicestheywanttobepaidfor.

46.Bysaying“...ownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors”(Lines3-4,Para.2),theauthormeansthat______.

47.SATAN,aprogramdesignedbyDanFarmercanbeused______.

48.Farmer’sprogramhasbeencriticizedbythepublicbecause______.

49.Theauthor’sattitudetowardSATANis______.

50.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thosehappytimesappearstilltobewithus

B.theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout

C.manysitesarenotwell-protected

D.hackerstryouttricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.toinvestigatethesecurityofInternetsites

B.toimprovethesecurityoftheInternetsystem

C.topreventhackersfrombreakingintowebsites

D.todownloadusefulprogramsandinformation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itcausesdamagetoNetbrowsers

B.itcanbreakintoInternetsites

C.itcanbeusedtocausedisorderonallsites

D.itcanbeusedbypeoplewithevilintent

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.enthusiastic

B.critical

C.positive

D.indifferent

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.weshouldmakefulluseoftheInternetbeforesecuritymeasuresarestrengthened

B.weshouldalertthemostinfluentialbusinessmentotheimportanceofsecurity

C.influentialbusinessmenshouldgiveprioritytotheimprovementofNetsecurity

D.netinhabitantsshouldnotletsecuritymeasuresaffecttheirjoyofsurfingtheInternet

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】46.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“通過(guò)提到‘…ownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors’(第2段第3-4行)，作者的意思是……”。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.（用他自稱為“撒旦”的自動(dòng)調(diào)查程序所做的一項(xiàng)最新研究表明，超過(guò)一半以上的萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)網(wǎng)站主人建立的家都沒(méi)有上鎖）可知，許多網(wǎng)站沒(méi)有得到很好的保護(hù)；A項(xiàng)“那些快樂(lè)的時(shí)光似乎還在我們身邊”，B項(xiàng)“根本沒(méi)有什么犯罪需要擔(dān)心”，D項(xiàng)“黑客們?cè)诰W(wǎng)站上嘗試各種技巧，但實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有入侵網(wǎng)站”都不是作者在這里想表達(dá)的。因此C項(xiàng)“許多網(wǎng)站沒(méi)有得到很好的保護(hù)”正確。

47.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷