商務函電課件(關老師)

SchoolofInternationalEconomicsChapter3:QuantityofGoods商品的數量SchoolofInternationalEconomicsQuantityofGoodsReferstotheweight,number,length,volume,area,capacity,etc.whichareindicatedbydifferentmeasuringunits.Accordingtothelegalstipulationsofsomecapitalistcountries,thequantityofthegoodsdeliveredbythesellermustbeinconformitywiththatstipulatedinthecontract.SchoolofInternationalEconomicsQuantityofGoodsArticle52,Item2inthe“UnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods”stipulates:Ifthesellerdeliversaquantityofthegoodsgreaterthanthatprovidedforinthecontract,thebuyermaytakedeliveryorrefusetotakedeliveryoftheexcessquantity.Ifthebuyertakesdeliveryofallorpartoftheexcessquantity,hemustpayforitatthecontractrate.SchoolofInternationalEconomicsA:CalculatingMethodsofQuantityoftheGoodsCalculatingUnitsofQuantityoftheGoodsMethodsofCalculatingWeightSchoolofInternationalEconomicsA:CalculatingMethodsofQuantityoftheGoods1.CalculatingUnitsofQuantityoftheGoodsTheadoptionofmeasuringunitsisdecidedbythenatureofthegoods.Themeasuringsystemsindifferentcountriesarenotthesame,themeasuringunitsandmeasuringmethodsareaccordinglydifferent.SchoolofInternationalEconomics1.CalculatingUnitsofQuantityoftheGoodsMeasuringUnitsAdoptedinChinaWeight(重量):Usuallyusedformineralproducts,agriculturalandby-products,itincludesgram,kilogram,ounce(盎司),pound(英鎊),metricton(公噸),longton(長噸),shortton(短噸),etc.Number(個數):Constantlyusedformeasurementofindustrialproductsandgeneralproducts,itincludespiece,pair,set,dozen,gross(羅),ream(令),etc.SchoolofInternationalEconomics1.CalculatingUnitsofQuantityoftheGoodsMeasuringUnitsAdoptedinChinaLength(長度):Mostlyusedfortextileproducts,metalcords,etc.,itincludesmeter,foot(英尺),yard(碼),etc.Area(面積):Oftenusedforglass,textileproducts,etc.,itincludessquaremeter(平方米),squarefoot(平方英尺),etc.SchoolofInternationalEconomics1.CalculatingUnitsofQuantityoftheGoodsMeasuringUnitsAdoptedinChinaVolume(體積):Generallyusedfortimber,chemicalgases,etc.,itincludescubicmeter(立方米),cubicfoot(立方尺),cubicyard(立方碼),etc.Capacity(容積):Mostlyusedforgrain,petroleum,etc.,itincludeslitre,gallon(加侖),bushel(蒲式耳),etc.SchoolofInternationalEconomics1.CalculatingUnitsofQuantityoftheGoodsCommonlyusedmeasuringsystemsininternationaltrade:

SI(InternationalSystemofUnits)國際單位制

MetricSystem公制

U.S,System美制

BritishSystem英制SchoolofInternationalEconomics1.CalculatingUnitsofQuantityoftheGoods“MeasurementActofthePeople’sRepublicofChina”:Legalmeasuringunitsofthenation:SIandtheothermeasuringunitsselectedbyourcountry.SchoolofInternationalEconomics1.CalculatingUnitsofQuantityoftheGoodsAttention:Sincedifferentcountriesadoptdifferentmeasuringsystems,thesamenameofthemeasuringunitdoesnotalwaysrefertothesamequantity.Example:“Ton”Metricsystem:metricton=1,000Kg.BritishSystem:longton=1,016Kg.U.S,System:shortton=907Kg.SchoolofInternationalEconomicsA:CalculatingMethodsofQuantityoftheGoods2.MethodsofCalculatingWeightGrossWeightNetWeightConditionedWeightTheoreticalWeightSchoolofInternationalEconomicsA:CalculatingMethodsofQuantityoftheGoods2.MethodsofCalculatingWeightGrossWeight（毛重）:Thegrossweightreferstotheweightofthecargoitselfplusthetare（皮重）,i.e.,theweightofthecargoplustheweightofthepackingmaterial.NetWeight（凈重）:Thenetweightistheactualweightofthegoods.Thetareisnotincluded.

“GrossforNet”SchoolofInternationalEconomicsNetWeight

“GrossforNet”(以毛作凈)Somecargoes,Suchastobaccoflakes,newsreelswhosepackingarenotconvenienttobecalculatedbynetweight,Orthose,thevaluesofthepackingmaterialsarealmostthesameasthevaluesofthecargoesthemselves,suchasgrain,fodder,etc.,areoftencalculatedbygrossweight,whichiscalled“GrossforNet”ininternationaltrade.Example:NortheastChinasoybean,1,000M/T,packedinsinglenewgunnybags,100kilogramsperbag,grossfornetSchoolofInternationalEconomicsNetWeightMethodsofCalculatingtheTare

ActualTareAverageTareCustomaryTareComputedTareSchoolofInternationalEconomicsNetWeightMethodsofCalculatingtheTareActualTare:(實際皮重)

Inordertogettheactualtareofthegoods,weshallcalculatetheweightofeachpackingofthegoodsonebyoneforthewholelot.AverageTare:(平均皮重)

Asthepackingmaterialsandspecificationsofsomecargoesareuniform,wecangettheaveragetarebyweighingapartofthecargopacking.SchoolofInternationalEconomicsNetWeightMethodsofCalculatingtheTareCustomaryTare:(習慣皮重)

Asformoreunifiedpacking,wecantaketheweightsofthemcommonlyacceptedbythemarketasthecustomarytares.ComputedTare:(約定皮重)

Wemaytaketheagreedpackingweightasastandard,sothatitisunnecessarytoweighanymore.SchoolofInternationalEconomicsA:CalculatingMethodsofQuantityoftheGoods2.MethodsofCalculatingWeightConditionedWeight:(公量)

Inordertogettheconditionedweight,weshallfirstofallbyascientificmethodabstractwaterfromthecargo,thenputthestandardwatercontentinit.Example:suchascotton,wool,rawsilk,etc.SchoolofInternationalEconomicsConditionedWeightFormulaofCalculatingtheConditionedWeight

Conditionedweight=actualweightx(1+standardregainingrateofwater)1+actualregainingrateofwater

Standardregainingrateofwater:istheratiobetweenthewatercontentandthedryweightofthecargowhichisacceptedontheworldmarket.Actual

regainingrateofwater:istheratiobetweentheactualregainingwatercontentinthecargoandtheactualdryweight.Example:theacceptedinternationalstandardregainingwatercontentofwoolandrawsilkis11%SchoolofInternationalEconomicsA:CalculatingMethodsofQuantityoftheGoods2.MethodsofCalculatingWeightTheoreticalWeight:(理論重量)Somefixedcargoes,haveunifiedshapesandmeasurements,aslongasthespecificationisidentical,thesizeisconformable,theweightwillbeaboutthesame,wecancalculatetheweightaccordingtothenumberofpieces.

Example:suchastinplate(馬口鐵),steelplate(鋼板),etc.

SchoolofInternationalEconomicsB:QuantityClauseintheContractThebasiccontentsofthequantityclausearethequantitytobedeliveredandthemeasuringunittobeused.SchoolofInternationalEconomicsB:QuantityClauseintheContractAstothegoodscalculatedbyweight,weshouldclearlystipulatethespecificcalculatingmethod,suchasthegrossweight,netweight,conditionedweight,etc.Example:Chineserice,500M/Tpackedingunnybags,50kg.each,netweight.SchoolofInternationalEconomicsB:QuantityClauseintheContractTheweightsofsomegoodsarenoteasytobeaccurate.Inordertoavoiddisputesduringthefulfillmentofthecontract,bothpartiesshalldeterminethedeliveryquantityreasonablyandflexiblyinthecontract.MoreorLessAboutorCircaorApproximate

SchoolofInternationalEconomicsTwowaystostipulatethequantitylatitude1.MoreorLess(溢短裝條款)Inthecontract,wecanstipulatethatthesellermaydeliverthegoodswithacertainpercentagemoreorlessinquantityaccordingtotheagreedquantitylatitude.Themoreorlessclauseisusuallyattheseller’soption.SchoolofInternationalEconomics1.MoreorLess(溢短裝條款)

Example:“ShandongPeanut,800,000