高考英語(yǔ)閱讀題型七選五魔法帶練(08)+講義

Whenstudentsgethome,theyusuallysitdownatthetableandpullouttheirhomework.Pilesofpapersriseallthewaytotheceiling.Americanstudentsshouldgetlesshomeworkonadailybasis.1Loadsofhomeworkcancausestressinastudentandleadtohealthissuesinthebodyandmind.Stresscauseslackofsleep,slippinggrades,tiredness,unhealthyeatinghabits,depression,andsoon.Nervousbreakdownscanmakecompletinghomeworkmuchmoreofastruggleandalsoeffectthehealthandlifeofastudent.2Therecommendedamountis10minutestimesthegradelevel.Sofirstgradegets10minutes;secondgradegets20minutes;thirdgradegets30minutes,andsoon,butkidsaredoingmuchmorethanthat.Twentythreepercentof13-year-oldsdomorethan2hoursanight.3Thereisnoacademicbenefitforhighschoolstudentsafter2hoursandtherearenoacademicbenefitsformiddleschoolstudentsafter1andahalfhours.Doinghomeworkallnightcantakeawayastudent’sfreetimeandsleep.Alwaysdoinghomeworkcanleadtolesstimeforsportsandafter-schoolactivities.4Worsestill,hangingoutwithfriendsisdecreased,sothatmeansthereislesssocializing.Stayinguplateanddoinghomeworktakesawayastudent’stimetosleep.Notenoughsleepcanleavestudentstired,andatschooltheymightfocuslessorfallasleepduringclass.Shouldn’tstudentsgetlesshomeworksothattheycanbehappyandhavemoretimewithfamilyandfriends?5Ifteachersandparentstriedtoreducetheamountofhomework,therewouldbeadecreaseinstressandanxietyandanincreaseinhappiness!A．Lackofsleepcancausegreatstress.B．Themorethestudentsdo,thelesstheygetoutofdoingit.C．Administrators,teachers,andparentsneedtoaddressthisissue.D．Familytimeisalsodecreased,whichcanaddmorefamilyconflict.E．Homework-relatedanxietyandstresscanaffectschoolworknegatively.F．Kidsaredoingmorethantherecommendedamountwithnoacademicbenefits.G．Anyway,toomuchhomeworkcancausequiteafewphysicalandmentalproblems.【魔法講解】第一步，通讀全文，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行快速瀏覽，尋找主題句，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)及文章的寫作內(nèi)容。重點(diǎn)關(guān)注首段和末段Whenstudentsgethome,theyusuallysitdownatthetableandpullouttheirhomework當(dāng)學(xué)生回到家，他們通常坐在桌旁，拿出他們的家庭作業(yè)【小科普】由于閱讀理解“七選五”文章的選材往往是結(jié)構(gòu)和文意都比較清晰的說(shuō)明文或議論文，因此，解題時(shí)，可首先通過(guò)快速瀏覽，從整體上把握文章的體裁、題材、語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)和脈絡(luò)，掌握其大意。由于此類文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)多為“總分總”、“總分”和“分總”這三類，而首尾段和首尾句則恰好就是這里的“總”，故通常可通過(guò)快速瀏覽每段的首句和尾句來(lái)獲得文章的主旨大意。第二步，定位選項(xiàng)，明確各備選選項(xiàng)的含義，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)與具體內(nèi)容，將選項(xiàng)填入文中，填寫時(shí)尤為注意各選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段及句中的銜接標(biāo)志詞。Shouldn’tstudentsgetlesshomeworksothattheycanbehappyandhavemoretimewithfamilyandfriends?5Ifteachersandparentstriedtoreducetheamountofhomework,therewouldbeadecreaseinstressandanxietyandanincreaseinhappiness!原詞對(duì)應(yīng)+代詞指代：teachersandparents;addressthisissue=reducetheamountofhomework.注意這里的address考察的是熟詞僻義，address是解決的意思?！拘】破铡繌脑~匯線索上判斷——上下義詞/同一范疇詞：上下義詞和同一范疇詞就是前者包含了后者，或可以說(shuō)后者是前者的一個(gè)子集。利用前后句中這樣的特殊的同義關(guān)系常?？梢院茌p松地解題。【小科普】為了避免重復(fù)，不同的代詞可指代上文提到的人、事物或事件。It可指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞或整個(gè)句子；they或them指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；one指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；that指代不可數(shù)名詞或句子；this指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或句子；these或those指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。Whenstudentsgethome,theyusuallysitdownatthetableandpullouttheirhomework.Pilesofpapersriseallthewaytotheceiling.Americanstudentsshouldgetlesshomeworkonadailybasis.1首先把與homework有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞選項(xiàng)留下，得出E選項(xiàng)和G選項(xiàng)；再者我們需要根據(jù)下文提示healthissuesinthebodyandmind=physicalandmentalproblems.最后G選項(xiàng)當(dāng)選【小科普】從詞匯線索上判斷——同義詞/近義詞：英語(yǔ)前言后語(yǔ)之間往往有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達(dá)語(yǔ)甚至相同詞匯的重復(fù)使用，這是解題的一個(gè)很好的判斷線索。其實(shí)就其本質(zhì)而言，上文講的代詞和下文將涉及的上下義詞和同一范疇詞都是特殊的同義/近義詞。Doinghomeworkallnightcantakeawayastudent’sfreetimeandsleep.Alwaysdoinghomeworkcanleadtolesstimeforsportsandafter-schoolactivities.4Worsestill,hangingoutwithfriendsisdecreased,sothatmeansthereislesssocializing.Stayinguplateanddoinghomeworktakesawayastudent’stimetosleep.Notenoughsleepcanleavestudentstired,andatschooltheymightfocuslessorfallasleepduringclass.Takeawaytime=lesstimeforsportsandafter-schoolactivities=lesssocializing;根據(jù)上述提示所以跟D選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)。Worsestill這里顯示的是遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系【小科普】從細(xì)節(jié)邏輯上判斷——遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：遞進(jìn)關(guān)系主要指英語(yǔ)行文中后句對(duì)前句是一種順承邏輯關(guān)系。如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的層進(jìn)關(guān)系，則空格處很有可能是個(gè)遞進(jìn)的句子。表遞進(jìn)：besides,furthermore,inaddition,also,worse,still,moreover,letalone…2Therecommendedamountis10minutestimesthegradelevel.Sofirstgradegets10minutes;secondgradegets20minutes;thirdgradegets30minutes,andsoon,butkidsaredoingmuchmorethanthat.Twentythreepercentof13-year-oldsdomorethan2hoursanight.3Thereisnoacademicbenefitforhighschoolstudentsafter2hoursandtherearenoacademicbenefitsformiddleschoolstudentsafter1andahalfhours.第二個(gè)空考察的是關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)應(yīng)，直接對(duì)應(yīng)選上F選項(xiàng)【小科普】關(guān)鍵詞法：一個(gè)單詞在一個(gè)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)中以同樣的形式反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，有時(shí)兼有詞形的變化，同（近）義祠和反義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)或同一個(gè)范疇詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)等。考生解題時(shí)可以利用這些詞作為解題線索。如：第三個(gè)空考察的是因果邏輯關(guān)系+轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯關(guān)系；所以關(guān)鍵詞直接對(duì)應(yīng)doingmuchmorethanthat=Themorethestudentsdo【小科普】從細(xì)節(jié)邏輯上判斷——因果關(guān)系：在做題時(shí)最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，明白這幾句話的確切意思，然后根據(jù)意思的連貫性或邏輯性從選項(xiàng)中選取正確答案。表因果：asaresult,consequently,therefore,thus,hence,so,thanksto,dueto,since,because（of）…【小科普】從細(xì)節(jié)邏輯上判斷——轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系主要指英語(yǔ)行文中后句對(duì)前句構(gòu)成逆轉(zhuǎn)邏輯關(guān)系。如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，則空格處很有可能是個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯的句子。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連接詞有：However,nevertheless,nonetheless,still；though，yet,inspiteof,atanyrate,inanycase,whoever,whatever，onthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,bycomparison,conversely,otherwise，not...but，aswell等。第三步，確定排除，研究多余選項(xiàng)，確定排除理由，最終確定答案Lackofsleepcancausegreatstress.睡眠不足會(huì)造成很大的壓力文章說(shuō)的是做作業(yè)會(huì)導(dǎo)致個(gè)人時(shí)間減少，甚至?xí)ё邔W(xué)生的睡眠時(shí)間；但是沒(méi)有提及因?yàn)樗卟蛔銜?huì)導(dǎo)致壓力增加Homework-relatedanxietyandstresscanaffectschoolworknegatively.與家庭有關(guān)的焦慮和壓力會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)業(yè)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。同樣也是沒(méi)有涉及。第四步，通讀復(fù)檢，將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點(diǎn)考查邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)。Whenstudentsgethome,theyusuallysitdownatthetableandpullouttheirhomework.when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)學(xué)生回到家，他們通常坐在桌旁，拿出他們的家庭作業(yè)。詞匯解析：①sitdown坐下Canwesitdown?I'mwornout.我們能坐下嗎？我都累壞了。②pullout擺出困境；拿出Ilikethepopyougetwhenyoupulloutacork.我喜歡你拔出瓶塞時(shí)弄出的那“砰”的一聲。Pilesofpapersriseallthewaytotheceiling.成堆的文件一直堆到天花板上。Americanstudentsshouldgetlesshomeworkonadailybasis.美國(guó)學(xué)生每天的家庭作業(yè)應(yīng)該少一些。詞匯解析：Onadailybasis每天Onadailybasissheremindedmethatlifegoeson.她每天都提醒我，生活還要繼續(xù)。Anyway,toomuchhomeworkcancausequiteafewphysicalandmentalproblems.無(wú)論如何，太多的家庭作業(yè)會(huì)導(dǎo)致相當(dāng)多的身體和精神問(wèn)題。Loadsofhomeworkcancausestressinastudentandleadtohealthissuesinthebodyandmind.大量的家庭作業(yè)會(huì)給學(xué)生帶來(lái)壓力，并導(dǎo)致身心健康問(wèn)題。詞匯解析：Leadto導(dǎo)致Apoordietwillultimatelyleadtoillness.糟糕的飲食終將導(dǎo)致疾病Stresscauseslackofsleep,slippinggrades,tiredness,unhealthyeatinghabits,depression,andsoon.壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致睡眠不足、成績(jī)下滑、疲勞、不健康的飲食習(xí)慣、抑郁等等。詞匯解析：①Lackof缺乏Shesuffersfromalackofconfidence.她深受缺乏自信心之苦。②tiredness疲勞；疲倦Tirednesswhiledrivingcankill.疲勞駕駛會(huì)出人命的。③depression抑郁，沮喪Shehadslidintoadepression.她不知不覺(jué)地抑郁寡歡起來(lái)。Nervousbreakdownscanmakecompletinghomeworkmuchmoreofastruggleandalsoeffectthehealthandlifeofastudent.精神崩潰會(huì)使完成家庭作業(yè)變得更加困難，也會(huì)影響學(xué)生的健康和生活。詞匯解析：①breakdown故障，損壞She'sstillrecoveringfromherbreakdown.她精神崩潰后還在恢復(fù)中。②struggle奮斗，斗爭(zhēng)Hegaveupthestruggleindespair.他絕望地放棄了斗爭(zhēng)。Kidsaredoingmorethantherecommendedamountwithnoacademicbenefits.孩子們的運(yùn)動(dòng)量超過(guò)了推薦量，卻沒(méi)有任何學(xué)術(shù)上的好處。Therecommendedamountis10minutestimesthegradelevel.建議的時(shí)間是10分鐘乘以年級(jí)水平。Sofirstgradegets10minutes;secondgradegets20minutes;thirdgradegets30minutes,andsoon,butkidsaredoingmuchmorethanthat.一年級(jí)有10分鐘;二年級(jí)有20分鐘;三年級(jí)只有30分鐘，以此類推，但孩子們做的遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止這些。Twentythreepercentof13-year-oldsdomorethan2hoursanight.23%的13歲兒童每晚睡覺(jué)超過(guò)2小時(shí)Themorethestudentsdo,thelesstheygetoutofdoingit.學(xué)生做得越多，從中得到的就越少。Thereisnoacademicbenefitforhighschoolstudentsafter2hoursandtherearenoacademicbenefitsformiddleschoolstudentsafter1andahalfhours.2小時(shí)后對(duì)高中生沒(méi)有任何學(xué)習(xí)效益，1個(gè)半小時(shí)后對(duì)中學(xué)生沒(méi)有任何學(xué)習(xí)效益。Doinghomeworkallnightcantakeawayastudent’sfreetimeandsleep.整晚做作業(yè)會(huì)占用學(xué)生的空閑時(shí)間和睡眠時(shí)間。詞匯解析：Takeaway拿走；帶走I'lltakeawaytheseteacups.我會(huì)把這些茶杯拿走。Alwaysdoinghomeworkcanleadtolesstimeforsportsandafter-schoolactivities