《Unit 5 Working the Land》單元復(fù)習(xí)與單元測(cè)試卷

高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修一《UNIT5WorkingtheLand》單元復(fù)習(xí)Ⅰ.匹配詞義單詞匹配第一組1．crisisA．a(chǎn)dj.熱切的；十分強(qiáng)烈的；激烈的2．intenseB．a(chǎn)dj.本國(guó)的；國(guó)內(nèi)的；家用的； 家庭的3．outputC．n.產(chǎn)量；輸出；輸出量vt.輸出4．domesticD．n.危機(jī)；危急關(guān)頭5．consumptionE．vt.產(chǎn)生；引起6．generateF．n.消耗；消耗量；消費(fèi)7．strainG．n.閑暇；休閑；空閑8．leisureH．n.名人；名流；名望；名譽(yù)9．soilI．n.(動(dòng)、植物的)系；品種；拉傷；壓力10．celebrity J．n.泥土；土壤；國(guó)土；領(lǐng)土[答案]1－5DACBF6－10EIGJH第二組1．urban A．n.擴(kuò)建部分；擴(kuò)大；電話分機(jī)2．tunnel B．a(chǎn)dj.城市的；都市的；城鎮(zhèn)的3．extension C．n.地下通道；地道；隧道4．flavour D．n.小麥；小麥籽5．wheat E．n.味道；特點(diǎn)；特色6．a(chǎn)lleviate F．n.貧窮；貧困7．poverty G．vt.減輕；緩解8．grocery H．n.營(yíng)養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)9．nutrition I．n.根；根莖；根部；根源10．root J．n.食品雜貨店；[pl.]食品雜貨[答案]1－5BCAED6－10GFJHIⅡ.短語(yǔ)匹配1．devote...to A．包括；包含；由……組成(或 構(gòu)成)2．becomprisedof B．例如；比如3．deepdown C．相應(yīng)地；轉(zhuǎn)而；依次；輪流4．inturn D．把……用于；獻(xiàn)身；致力；專心5．forinstance E．在內(nèi)心深處；本質(zhì)上；實(shí)際上[答案]1－5DAECBⅢ.默寫(xiě)單詞第一組1．tacklevt. 解決(難題)；應(yīng)付(局面)；處理2．boostvt. 使增長(zhǎng)；使興旺n. 增長(zhǎng)；提高；激勵(lì)3．convincevt. 使相信；使確信；說(shuō)服4．a(chǎn)ttainvt. (通常經(jīng)過(guò)努力)獲得；得到5．overcomevt. 克服；解決；戰(zhàn)勝6．expandvt.&vi. 擴(kuò)大；增加vt. 擴(kuò)展；發(fā)展(業(yè)務(wù))7．estimate vt. 估計(jì)；估價(jià)；估算n. 估計(jì)；估算8．comprisevt. 包括；包含；由……組成9．devotevt. 把……獻(xiàn)(給)；把……專用于；專心于10．chemicaladj. 與化學(xué)有關(guān)的；化學(xué)的n. 化學(xué)制品；化學(xué)品第二組1．widespreadadj. 分布廣的；普遍的；廣泛的2．digestvt.&vi. 消化vt. 領(lǐng)會(huì)；領(lǐng)悟3．prohibitvt. (尤指以法令)禁止；阻止4．essentialadj. 完全必要的；極其重要的5．a(chǎn)lternativen. 可供選擇的事物adj. 可供替代的；非傳統(tǒng)的6．entirelyadv. 全部地；完整地；完全地7．depthn. 向下(或向里)的距離；深(度)8．instancen. 例子；實(shí)例；事例Ⅰ.選詞填詞attained,overcome,tackle,boosted,convinced,essential,digest,comprises,widespread,prohibits1．Idon'tknowhowtotacklethisproblem.2．Thetotalwasboostedtonearly￡2，000bydonationsfromparents.3．WeconvincedAnnetogobytrainratherthanplane.4．Sheattainedherambitionofbecomingapilot.5．Hehasenoughcouragetoovercomethedifficulty.6．Thismusicalbumcomprisesthebesthitsoftheyear.7．Thisdiseaseiswidespreadintropicalareas.8．Thehighcostprohibitsthewidespreaduseofthedrug.9．Itisessentialthatyoushouldcomehomeearly.10．Itoftentakesalongtimetodigestnewideas.Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空之派生詞1．Whatisthedepth(deep)ofthislake?2．This,Iamsorrytosay,isalmostentirely(entire)wishfulthinking.3．Heshowedhispoverty(poor)inhisknowledgeofagriculture.4．Adaptyourusualeatingregimentomakeitmorenutritious(nutrition)．5．Anyshortage(short)couldpushupgrainprices.6．Whatarethecharacteristics(character)thatdistinguishtheChinesefromtheJapanese?7．Thechairmanmadeafewconventional(convention)remarks.8．Weareworkingontheassumption(assume)thatthetechniquesaresafe.1．Yet,heconsidershimselfafarmerbecausehecontinuallyworksthelandinhisresearch.然而，他自認(rèn)為是個(gè)農(nóng)民，因?yàn)樵谘芯恐兴煌５馗N土地。2．YuanLongpingrealisedthatlargerfieldswerenotthesolution.袁隆平意識(shí)到，更多的耕地并不是解決問(wèn)題的辦法。3．Ahybridisacrossbetweentwoormorevarietiesofaspecies.雜交作物是一個(gè)物種的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上變種的雜交。4．Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcrops,generatedfromYuan'shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina'sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.據(jù)估算，現(xiàn)在中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)的大米有大約百分之六十來(lái)自袁隆平的雜交水稻，他的雜交水稻品種讓中國(guó)農(nóng)民每年能夠生產(chǎn)出大約兩億噸大米。5．GiventhatYuan'shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.考慮到雜交水稻使袁隆平變得相當(dāng)富有，人們可能認(rèn)為他會(huì)退休享受閑適的生活。詞語(yǔ)助讀①(be)knownasthe“fatherofhybridrice”被稱為“雜交水稻之父”②considerhimselfafarmer自認(rèn)為是個(gè)農(nóng)民③worktheland耕種土地④devoteone'slifeto致力于；獻(xiàn)身于(1)because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。(2)towhom引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞Chinesefarmers。⑤pursueacareerinscienceormedicine從事科學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)方面的事業(yè)⑥havepoorharvests糧食歉收⑦h(yuǎn)aveaseriousshortageoffood嚴(yán)重缺乏食物⑧tacklethiscrisis應(yīng)對(duì)這一危機(jī)⑨choosetostudyagriculture選擇學(xué)習(xí)農(nóng)業(yè)(3)whatconcernedhimmost為主語(yǔ)從句，thatfarmers...為表語(yǔ)從句，其中不定式短語(yǔ)toeat作名詞food的后置定語(yǔ)。⑩aftergraduatingin1953在1953年畢業(yè)之后?workasaresearcher從事研究工作?boostyields提高產(chǎn)量?achallengingquestion一個(gè)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問(wèn)題?thecreationofhybridrice雜交水稻的培育?conventionalcrops傳統(tǒng)作物?amatterofgreatdebate一個(gè)有很大爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題?throughintenseeffort通過(guò)不懈的努力?overcomeenormoustechnicaldifficulties克服巨大的技術(shù)難題?expandtheiroutput增加產(chǎn)量(4)that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。(5)theyhad是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞fields。(6)how引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。(7)that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。(8)that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。(9)whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，其中it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式短語(yǔ)todevelopahybridofself-pollinatingplantssuchasrice。(10)that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。(11)that引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞rice。?itisestimatedthat...據(jù)估計(jì)eq\o(○,\s\up2(21))becomprisedof由……組成eq\o(○,\s\up2(22))dependonriceaswell也依賴大米eq\o(○,\s\up2(23))becauseofhisinvaluablecontributions因?yàn)樗牟豢晒懒康呢暙I(xiàn)eq\o(○,\s\up2(24))receivenumerousawards獲獎(jiǎng)無(wú)數(shù)(12)and連接表示順承關(guān)系的并列句，其中第一個(gè)分句中it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)generatedfromYuan'shybridstrains作名詞crops的后置定語(yǔ)。(13)that引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞countries。eq\o(○,\s\up2(25))makehimquitewealthy使他變得相當(dāng)富有eq\o(○,\s\up2(26))alifeofleisure悠閑的生活eq\o(○,\s\up2(27))befarfromthecase事實(shí)遠(yuǎn)非如此eq\o(○,\s\up2(28))deepdown在內(nèi)心深處eq\o(○,\s\up2(29))carelittleforcelebrityormoney不太在乎名聲和金錢(qián)eq\o(○,\s\up2(30))makelargedonationstosupportagriculturalresearch大量捐款以支持農(nóng)業(yè)研究(14)giventhat...引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，hewouldretiretoalifeofleisure為省略了that的賓語(yǔ)從句。eq\o(○,\s\up2(31))hisongoingabilitytofulfillhisdreams他不斷實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的能力eq\o(○,\s\up2(32))astallassorghum像高粱一樣高eq\o(○,\s\up2(33))succeedinproducingakindofrice成功培育出一種水稻eq\o(○,\s\up2(34))becomeareality成為現(xiàn)實(shí)eq\o(○,\s\up2(35))openup開(kāi)辟eq\o(○,\s\up2(36))despitehisadvancedyears盡管年事已高eq\o(○,\s\up2(37))dreamup想起；想象出(不尋常的事物)；憑空設(shè)想(15)what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。(16)that引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞rice。(17)and連接表示順承關(guān)系的并列句，其中第二個(gè)分句中whathewilldreamupnext是what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。課文呈現(xiàn)APIONEERFORALLPEOPLEYuanLongping,knownasthe“fatherofhybridrice”①,isoneofChina'smostfamousscientists.Yet,heconsidershimselfafarmer②becausehecontinuallyworkstheland③inhisresearch(1)．Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmerstowhomhehasdevotedhislife④(2)．YuanLongpingwasbornin1930inBeijing.Hisparentswantedhimtopursueacareerinscienceormedicine⑤.However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvests⑥andsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffood⑦toeat(3)．Totacklethiscrisis⑧,hechosetostudyagriculture⑨andreceivedaneducationatSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqing.Aftergraduatingin1953⑩,heworkedasaresearcher?.YuanLongpingrealisedthatlargerfieldswerenotthesolution(4)．Instead,farmersneededtoboostyields?inthefieldstheyhad(5)．Howthiscouldbedone(6)wasachallengingquestion?atthetime.Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice?(7)．Ahybridisacrossbetweentwoormorevarietiesofaspecies.Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops?(8)．However,whetheritwaspossibletodevelopahybridofself-pollinatingplantssuchasrice(9)wasamatterofgreatdebate?.Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone(10)．Throughintenseeffort?,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficulties?todevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarming(11)in1974.Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutput?greatly.Today,itisestimatedthat?about60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofeq\o(○,\s\up2(21))crops,generatedfromYuan'shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina'sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear(12)．Yuan'sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswelleq\o(○,\s\up2(22))(13),suchasIndiaandVietnam.Becauseofhisinvaluablecontributionseq\o(○,\s\up2(23)),YuanLongpinghasreceivednumerousawardseq\o(○,\s\up2(24))bothinChinaandabroad.GiventhatYuan'shybridshavemadehimquitewealthyeq\o(○,\s\up2(25)),onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisureeq\o(○,\s\up2(26))(14)．However,thisisfarfromthecaseeq\o(○,\s\up2(27)).Deepdowneq\o(○,\s\up2(28)),Yuanisstillverymuchafarmeratheart.Asamanofthesoil,hecareslittleforcelebrityormoneyeq\o(○,\s\up2(29)).Instead,hemakeslargedonationstosupportagriculturalresearcheq\o(○,\s\up2(30)).WhatimpressespeoplemostaboutYuanLongping(15)ishisongoingabilitytofulfilhisdreamseq\o(○,\s\up2(31)).Longago,heenvisionedriceplantsastallassorghumeq\o(○,\s\up2(32)),witheachearofriceasbigasabroom,andeachgrainofriceashugeasapeanut.Hesucceededinproducingakindofriceeq\o(○,\s\up2(33))thatcouldfeedmorepeopleathomeandabroad(16)．Hislatestvisionfor“seawaterrice”hasalsobecomearealityeq\o(○,\s\up2(34)),andpotentiallyopenedupeq\o(○,\s\up2(35))nearlyonemillionsquarekilometresofsaltylandinChinaforriceproduction.Despitehisadvancedyearseq\o(○,\s\up2(36)),YuanLongpingisstillyoungatheartandfullofvision,andeveryoneiswaitingtoseewhathewilldreamupeq\o(○,\s\up2(37))next(17)．譯文參考為所有人的先驅(qū)袁隆平，被稱為“雜交水稻之父”，是中國(guó)最著名的科學(xué)家之一。然而，他自認(rèn)為是個(gè)農(nóng)民，因?yàn)樵谘芯恐兴煌５馗N土地。事實(shí)上，他瘦削但結(jié)實(shí)的身軀看起來(lái)和農(nóng)民一樣，而他為千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)中國(guó)農(nóng)民奉獻(xiàn)了一生。袁隆平1930年出生于北京。他的父母希望他從事科學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)方面的事業(yè)。然而，最讓他擔(dān)心的是，農(nóng)民經(jīng)常糧食歉收，有時(shí)甚至嚴(yán)重缺乏食物。為了應(yīng)對(duì)這一危機(jī)，他選擇了學(xué)習(xí)農(nóng)業(yè)，就讀于重慶西南農(nóng)學(xué)院。1953年畢業(yè)后，他從事研究工作。袁隆平意識(shí)到，更多的耕地并不是解決問(wèn)題的辦法。農(nóng)民們需要增加他們現(xiàn)有土地上農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量。如何做到這一點(diǎn)在當(dāng)時(shí)是一個(gè)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問(wèn)題。袁隆平確信，答案可以在雜交水稻的培育中找到。雜交作物是一個(gè)物種的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上變種的雜交。雜交作物的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是它們的產(chǎn)量通常比傳統(tǒng)作物高。然而，是否有可能培育出一種自花傳粉的雜交植物，如水稻，這是一個(gè)有很大爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)時(shí)人們普遍認(rèn)為這是不可能的。通過(guò)不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技術(shù)難題，于1974年培育出了第一種可用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的雜交水稻。這種雜交水稻使農(nóng)民大大增加了產(chǎn)量。據(jù)估算，現(xiàn)在中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)的大米有大約百分之六十來(lái)自袁隆平的雜交水稻，他的雜交水稻品種讓中國(guó)農(nóng)民每年能夠生產(chǎn)出大約兩億噸大米。袁隆平的創(chuàng)新不僅幫助養(yǎng)活了中國(guó)，也養(yǎng)活了許多其他依賴大米的國(guó)家，如印度和越南。因?yàn)樗牟豢晒懒康呢暙I(xiàn)，袁隆平在國(guó)內(nèi)外獲得了無(wú)數(shù)的獎(jiǎng)?？紤]到雜交水稻使袁隆平變得相當(dāng)富有，人們可能認(rèn)為他會(huì)退休享受閑適的生活。然而，事實(shí)遠(yuǎn)非如此。事實(shí)上，袁隆平在內(nèi)心深處依然是一個(gè)農(nóng)民。作為一個(gè)農(nóng)民，他不太在乎名聲和金錢(qián)。相反，他大量捐款以支持農(nóng)業(yè)研究。袁隆平最讓人印象深刻的是他不斷實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的能力。很久以前，他設(shè)想了一種像高粱一樣高的水稻，每一穗米都像掃帚一樣大，每一粒米都像花生一樣大。他成功地培育出一種可以養(yǎng)活國(guó)內(nèi)外更多人的水稻，他對(duì)“海水水稻”的最新設(shè)想也已成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，并可能在中國(guó)開(kāi)辟近100萬(wàn)平方公里的鹽堿地，用于水稻生產(chǎn)。盡管年事已高，袁隆平的內(nèi)心仍然年輕，充滿了遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)，每個(gè)人都在等著看他下一步的夢(mèng)想。Littledropsofwater,littlegrainsofsand,makethemightyoceanandthepleasantland. —JuliaCarney滴滴小水珠，顆顆小沙粒，會(huì)形成浩瀚的海洋與宜人的土地?！炖驄I·加納Natureneverdeceivesus;itisalwaysuswhodeceiveourselves. —Rousseau大自然永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)欺騙我們，欺騙我們的往往是我們自己?！R梭Othermenlivetoeat,whileIeattolive. —Socrates別人為食而生存，我為生存而食。 ——蘇格拉底Itisnotenoughtobeindustrious,soaretheants.Whatareyouindustriousfor？ —H.D.Thoreau光勤勞是不夠的，螞蟻也是勤勞的。要看你為什么而勤勞?！罅_Amanmayleadahorsetothewater,buthecannotmakeitdrink. —Heywood一個(gè)人可以把馬帶到河邊，但他不能令它飲水?！Ｎ榈翹evergiveupNevergiveup，Neverlosehope.Alwayshavefaith，Itallowsyoutocope.Tryingtimeswillpass，Astheyalwaysdo.Justhavepatience，Yourdreamswillcometrue.Soputonasmile，You'lllivethroughyourpain.Knowitwillpass，Andstrengthyouwillgain.Borninapoorfarmer'sfamilyin1930andasagraduateoftheSouthwestAgricultureInstitutein1953,YuanLongpingbeganhisteachingcareeratanagricultureschoolinAnjiang,HunanProvince.Hecameupwithanideaforhybridizingriceinthe1960s,whenaseriesofnaturaldisastersandinappropriate(不恰當(dāng)?shù)?policiescausedChinatosufferaseverefamine(饑荒)thatledtomanydeaths.Sincethen,hehasbeendevotinghimselftotheresearchanddevelopmentofabetterricebreed.In1964,hehappenedtofindanaturalhybridriceplantthathadobviousadvantagesoverothers.Greatlyencouraged,hebegantostudytheelements(要素)ofthisparticulartype.In1973,incooperationwithothers,hewasfinallyabletoestablishacompleteprocessofcreatingandreproducinghigh-yieldinghybridricespecies.Thenextyeartheysuccessfullycultivated(種植)atypeofhybridricespecieswhichhadgreatadvantages.Ityielded20percentmoreperunitthanthatofcommonones,puttingChinaintheleadworldwideinriceproduction.Forthisachievement,hewascalledthe“FatherofHybridRice”．In1979,histechniqueforhybridricewasintroducedintotheUnitedStates,thefirstcaseofintellectualpropertyrightstransferinthehistoryofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.However,thedebatesamongscientistsaboutwhetherqualityorquantityshouldtakepriority(優(yōu)先權(quán))arefrequentlyheard.Intheunderdevelopedworld,theincreasingoutputisnodoubttheprimaryconcern,whilepeopleindevelopedcountriespreferhigh-qualityrice.Yuanwasaskedtochangehismajorconcernfromincreasingoutputtoimprovingqualityandtaste—ataskeasiertoaccomplishforhim.ButYuanwasunswayed(未受影響的)．Hefirmlybelieved,indevelopingcountries,theincreasingoutputoutweighstheurgencyforabettertaste，andthathisforemosttaskwastoincreasethegrainreserveindevelopingcountries,insteadofthequalityproblemofhissuperhybridrice.“Firstwemusthaveenoughfood,thencomeseatingwell，”hesaid.[探究發(fā)現(xiàn)]1．Findoutthemainideaofthepassageandthenthinkofapropertitleforit.[答案]ThepassageismainlyabouthowYuanLongpingcreatedsuperhybridrice.Thetitleis“Roadtosuperhybridrice”．2．FindoutthereasonwhyYuanLongpingwascalledthe“FatherofHybridRice”．[答案]Hecultivatedahybridricespecieswithgreatadvantages.3．FindoutYuanLongping'sideaaboutqualityandquantityfordevelopingcountries.[答案]Firsthaveenoughfood,theneatwell.1．devotevt.把……獻(xiàn)(給)；把……專用于；專心于→devotedadj.忠誠(chéng)的；深愛(ài)的→devotionn．奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠(chéng)2．shortadj.短的；不足的；短期的→shortagen．不足；缺少；短缺→shortenvt.使變短3．charactern．性情；(小說(shuō)、戲劇中的)人物；角色→characteristicn．特征；特點(diǎn)；品質(zhì)adj.典型的；獨(dú)特的4．conventionn．常規(guī)；習(xí)俗；慣例→conventionaladj.傳統(tǒng)的；習(xí)慣的5．a(chǎn)ssumev．假定；設(shè)想→assumptionn．假定；設(shè)定；(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān)；(權(quán)利的)獲得6．realadj.真的→reallyadv.真正地；實(shí)際上→realityn．現(xiàn)實(shí)；實(shí)際情況；事實(shí)7．saltn．鹽→saltyadj.含鹽的；咸的1．boostvt.使增長(zhǎng)；使興旺n．增長(zhǎng)；提高；激勵(lì)①Thesechangeswillhelptoboostfoodprices. vt.使增長(zhǎng)②Thishasgivenclothingpricesabigboost. n．增長(zhǎng)③Thismeasurewillbeagreatboosttotheeconomy. n．激勵(lì)2．expandvt.&vi.擴(kuò)大；增加vt.擴(kuò)展；發(fā)展(業(yè)務(wù))①Theranksoftheteachersareconstantlyexpanding. vi.擴(kuò)大；增加②Themerchantwantstoexpandhisbusiness. vt.擴(kuò)大③Thewriterexpandedhisshortnovelintoalongone. vt.擴(kuò)展3．estimatevt.估計(jì)；估價(jià)；估算n．估計(jì)；估算①Thepainter'sestimateforpaintingthewholehousewas1，000dollars. n．估計(jì)；估價(jià)②Thispaintingisestimatedat$200-$300. vt.估價(jià)③Heestimatedthespeedofthewindsfromthedegreeofdamage. vt.估算4．characteristicn．特征；特點(diǎn)；品質(zhì)adj.典型的；獨(dú)特的①Thetwospecieshaveseveralcharacteristicsincommon. n.特征；特點(diǎn)②Irecognizedhischaracteristicwalk. adj.典型的；獨(dú)特的③Independenceistheoutstandingcharacteristicofarunner. n.品質(zhì)WordsAndPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)1)devotevt.把……獻(xiàn)(給)；把……專用于；專心于(教材P50)Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmerstowhomhehasdevotedhislife.事實(shí)上，他瘦削但結(jié)實(shí)的身軀看起來(lái)和農(nóng)民一樣，而他為千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)中國(guó)農(nóng)民奉獻(xiàn)了一生。[例1]Weshoulddevoteeverythingwehave.我們應(yīng)該奉獻(xiàn)我們的一切。[例2]Hedevotedagreatsumofmoneytobooks.他花了一大筆錢(qián)買(mǎi)書(shū)。[翻譯]他將一生奉獻(xiàn)給了教育事業(yè)。Hedevotedhimselfentirely/allhislifetoeducation.[知識(shí)拓展](1)devote...to(doing)sth.把……獻(xiàn)給(做)某事devoteoneselfto＝bedevotedto獻(xiàn)身于；專心致力于(2)devotedadj. 忠實(shí)的；深愛(ài)的(3)devotionn. 奉獻(xiàn)；關(guān)愛(ài)[即學(xué)即練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Hisdevotion(devote)tothecauseofeducationiswell-known.②QianXuesenhasbeendevotedtoChina'saerospaceallhislife.③Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelping(help)othersrebuild.[小片段填空]Hecouldonlydevotetwohoursadaytotheproject,buthisdevotiontodutyisworthrespecting.他一天只能在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上花兩個(gè)小時(shí)，但他忠于職守是值得尊敬的。eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2)convincevt.使相信；使確信；說(shuō)服(教材P50)Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.袁隆平確信，答案可以在雜交水稻的培育中找到。[例1]Robert'sexpressionhadobviouslyconvincedherofhisinnocence.羅伯特的表情顯然使她相信他是清白的。[例2]SheneededtofindawaytoconvinceMichelhewaswrong.她需要想辦法使米歇爾相信他錯(cuò)了。[翻譯]我自己都不會(huì)相信，更別提說(shuō)服別人了。I'mnotgoingtobelieveitmyself,nevermindconvinceanyoneelse．[知識(shí)拓展](1)convincesb.ofsth. 使某人確信/明白某事convincesb.that... 使某人相信……convincesb.todosth. 說(shuō)服某人做某事(2)convincingadj. 令人信服的convincedadj. 確信的；堅(jiān)信的beconvincedof 相信……beconvinced(that)．.. (某人)相信……[即學(xué)即練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①I(mǎi)amquiteconvincedofherexperienceinit.②I'mnotcompletelyconvinced(convince)(that)heknewtheimportanceofpractice.③Hisspeechwassoconvincing(convince)thateveryonepresentbelievedwhathesaid.④我們一直在試圖說(shuō)服他放棄那個(gè)計(jì)劃。We'vebeentryingtoconvincehimtogiveuptheplan．⑤她說(shuō)的話讓我相信我錯(cuò)了。WhatshesaidconvincedmethatIwasmistaken.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3)assumptionn．假定；設(shè)定；(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān)；(權(quán)利的)獲得(教材P50)Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.當(dāng)時(shí)人們普遍認(rèn)為這是不可能的。[例1]Wemistookassumptionthatthepricewouldfall.我們錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為價(jià)格會(huì)下降。[例2]Yourargumentisbasedonasetofquestionableassumptions.你的論證建立在一套有問(wèn)題的假設(shè)上。[翻譯]她總在猜別人有多少錢(qián)。She'salwaysmakingassumptionsabouthowmuchmoneypeoplehave.[知識(shí)拓展](1)makeanassumption認(rèn)為；假定ontheassumptionthat... 假定……(2)assumev. 假定；設(shè)想assumesb./sth.tobe 假定/假設(shè)某人/某事為Itisassumedthat... 一般認(rèn)為……(3)assuming(that)... 假設(shè)/假定……[即學(xué)即練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Assuming(assume)thatitrains,whatshallwedo?②Theprojectwaspredicatedontheassumption(assume)thattheeconomywasexpanding.③一般認(rèn)為，過(guò)重的工作會(huì)造成壓力。Itisgenerallyassumedthattoomuchworkwillcausestress.④在聽(tīng)到對(duì)他不利的證詞之前，你假定他是無(wú)罪的。Youassumehimtobeinnocentbeforehearingtheevidenceagainsthim.[小片段填空]Inmostcasesafalseassumptionwouldleadtoaproblemfortheproject,sinceweusuallytendtoassumethatthingswillgothewaywewant.在大部分的情況下，錯(cuò)誤的假定會(huì)導(dǎo)致項(xiàng)目發(fā)生問(wèn)題，因?yàn)槲覀兺ǔA向于假定事情會(huì)如我們所希望般的發(fā)生。eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)4)overcomevt.(overcame,overcome)克服；解決；戰(zhàn)勝(教材P50)Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.通過(guò)不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技術(shù)難題，于1974年培育出了第一種可用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的雜交水稻。[例1]InthefinalgameSwedeneasilyovercameFrance.在決賽中，瑞典隊(duì)輕松戰(zhàn)勝了法國(guó)隊(duì)。[例2]Iwouldovercomeanyweakness,anydespair,anyfear.我要克服所有的軟弱、絕望和恐懼。[翻譯]她戰(zhàn)勝了傷痛，贏得了奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌。SheovercameinjurytowintheOlympicgoldmedal.[知識(shí)拓展]overcomedifficulties 戰(zhàn)勝困難beovercomewith 因……而受不了[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子①他克服了種種困難最終取得了成功。Heovercameallkindsofdifficultiesandsucceededatlast.②他突然對(duì)自己造成的傷害懊悔不已。Hewassuddenlyovercomewiththeharmhehaddone.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)5)expandvt.&vi.擴(kuò)大；增加vt.擴(kuò)展；發(fā)展(業(yè)務(wù))(教材P50)Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.這種雜交水稻使農(nóng)民大大增加了產(chǎn)量。[例1]Thepetalsofmanyflowersexpandinthesunshine.許多花瓣在陽(yáng)光下綻放。[例2]Thebusinesshasexpandedgreatlyoverthelastyear.過(guò)去的一年里，這家公司極大地增加了業(yè)務(wù)量。[翻譯]中國(guó)的信息產(chǎn)業(yè)正迅速發(fā)展。TheinformationindustriesarerapidlyexpandinginChina.[知識(shí)拓展]expand...into... 把……擴(kuò)展/發(fā)展成……expandinto... 發(fā)展成/擴(kuò)大成……expandonsth. 細(xì)說(shuō)(闡述)……[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子①請(qǐng)你把這一點(diǎn)詳細(xì)說(shuō)明一下，好嗎？Couldyouexpandonthispoint,please?②他的工作室擴(kuò)大規(guī)模而成為一家大公司了。Hisstudiowasexpandedintoabigcompany.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)6)becomprisedof包括；包含；由……組成(或構(gòu)成)(教材P50)Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan'shybridstrains.據(jù)估算，現(xiàn)在中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)的大米有大約百分之六十來(lái)自袁隆平的雜交水稻。[例1]Thecommitteeiscomprisedofrepresentativesfrombothpublicandprivatesectors.委員會(huì)由政府和私人部門(mén)的雙方代表組成。[例2]Groupsarecomprisedoftwoormorepeople.小組由兩人或兩人以上組成。[翻譯]醫(yī)療隊(duì)包括10個(gè)醫(yī)生和一輛救護(hù)車。Themedicalteamiscomprisedoftendoctorsandoneambulance.[知識(shí)拓展]consistof 由……組成bemadeupof 由……組成，構(gòu)成[即學(xué)即練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/一句多譯①Aweekconsistsofsevendays.②救援隊(duì)由8個(gè)士兵和2個(gè)醫(yī)生組成。Therescueteamiscomposedofeightsoldiersandtwodoctors.＝Therescueteamconsistsofeightsoldiersandtwodoctors.＝Therescueteamismadeupofeightsoldiersandtwodoctors.[名師點(diǎn)津]consistof沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，相當(dāng)于bemadeupof或becomposedof，且不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式1)what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句(教材P50)However，whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.然而，最讓他擔(dān)心的是，農(nóng)民經(jīng)常糧食歉收，有時(shí)甚至嚴(yán)重缺乏食物。句式分析：句中whatconcernedhimmost為what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。[例1]Whatweneedismoney.我們需要的是錢(qián)。[例2]WhatIwanttoknowisthis.我想知道的就是這一點(diǎn)。[翻譯]是什么使他哭的還不清楚。Whatmadeherangrywasnotclear.[知識(shí)拓展]what是連接代詞，引導(dǎo)的從句可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；what本身在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子①他想知道經(jīng)理在會(huì)議上說(shuō)了些什么。Hewantedtoknowwhatthemanagerhadsaidatthemeeting.②小女孩嚇得不敢說(shuō)話，在那兒站了幾個(gè)小時(shí)。Theyounggirlwastoofrightenedtospeak,standingthereforwhatseemedlikehours．③把你買(mǎi)的東西給我看看。Showmewhatyouhavebought．④你最好還是努力工作。It'sthebestthatyoushouldworkhard．[名師點(diǎn)津]that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句只起連接作用，在從句中不作任何成分，無(wú)意義，在賓語(yǔ)從句中通常省略，但在主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中均不能省略；what除引導(dǎo)從句外，還在從句中作成分，意為“所……的(東西)”，在含義上等于“名詞＋that”。eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式2)Itis/was＋過(guò)分分詞＋that...(教材P50)Today，itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan'shybridstrains.據(jù)估算，現(xiàn)在中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)的大米有大約百分之六十來(lái)自袁隆平的雜交水稻。句式分析：句中itisestimatedthat“據(jù)估算”為“Itis/was＋過(guò)分分詞＋that...”結(jié)構(gòu)。it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。[例1]Itisestimatedthateveryyear50unaccompaniedchildrenarriveinBritain.據(jù)估計(jì)，每年有50名兒童獨(dú)自來(lái)到英國(guó)。[例2]Itisestimatedthatthevaseis2000yearsold.據(jù)估計(jì)這花瓶有兩千年歷史。[翻譯]這次會(huì)議預(yù)計(jì)要開(kāi)4天。Itisestimatedthatthemeetingwilllastfourdays.[知識(shí)拓展](1)常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有say，report，think，hope，suggest，believe，require，announce等。(2)此句型可改寫(xiě)為“sb./sth.＋besaid/believed/thought＋todo”或“peoplesay/think...(that)．..”結(jié)構(gòu)。[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①據(jù)報(bào)道，三分之一的市民打算購(gòu)買(mǎi)私家車。Itisreportedthatonethirdofcitizensplantobuyaprivatecar.②人們希望這種可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。Itishopedthattheterriblediseasewillsoonbecontrolled.③據(jù)說(shuō)他已經(jīng)通過(guò)了駕照考試。Itissaidthathehaspassedthedrivingtest.＝Heissaidtohavepassedthedrivingtest.eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式3)giventhat...引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句(教材P51)GiventhatYuan'shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.考慮到雜交水稻使袁隆平變得相當(dāng)富有，人們可能認(rèn)為他會(huì)退休享受閑適的生活。句式分析：giventhat...意為“考慮到……”，引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。[例1]Giventhatthey'reinexperienced,they'vedoneagoodjob.在缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)的情況下,他們的工作已經(jīng)算是做得相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)了。[例2]Giventhathegracefullyapologized,thewomanacceptedhisapology.在他有禮貌地道歉后，這位女士接受了他的道歉。[翻譯]考慮到自己掙得不多，我用錢(qián)通常比較精打細(xì)算，這也是迫不得已。Usually,Iamsensiblewithmoney,asIhavetobe，giventhatIdon'tearnthatmuch．[知識(shí)拓展](1)用作give的過(guò)去分詞，引出過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，意為“如果有……”，“假定……”等義，此時(shí)要注意其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)保持一致。(2)可用作介詞，后接名詞或代詞，意為“考慮到”或“鑒于”。(3)用作形容詞，意為“特定的”“一定的”“規(guī)定的”等，通常用作定語(yǔ)。(4)given后也可接that從句，表示“考慮到”。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Theworkmustbedonewithinthegiven(give)time.②要是對(duì)這些樹(shù)多加注意，它們會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。Ifthetreeshadbeengivenmoreattention,theycouldbegrownbetter.→Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.③給以時(shí)間的話，他們可能會(huì)同意。Iftheyaregiventime,they'llprobablyagree.→Giventime,they'llprobablyagree.④鑒于她對(duì)小孩的興趣，我敢肯定教書(shū)是她最適合的職業(yè)。Givenherinterestinchildren,I'msureteachingistherightcareerforher.→Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,I'msureteachingistherightcareerforher.1．However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.[分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句中whatconcernedhimmost為what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，thatfarmers...為that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，其中不定式短語(yǔ)toeat作名詞food的后置定語(yǔ)。[譯文]然而，最讓他擔(dān)心的是，農(nóng)民經(jīng)常糧食歉收，有時(shí)甚至嚴(yán)重缺乏食物。2．Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcrops,generatedfromYuan'shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina'sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.[分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句中and連接表示順承關(guān)系的并列句，其中第一個(gè)分句中it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)generatedfromYuan'shybridstrains作名詞crops的后置定語(yǔ)。[譯文]據(jù)估算，現(xiàn)在中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)的大米有大約百分之六十來(lái)自袁隆平的雜交水稻，他的雜交水稻品種讓中國(guó)農(nóng)民每年能夠生產(chǎn)出大約兩億噸大米。教材高考1.Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmerstowhomhehasdevotedhislife.(2018·浙江卷)Othersinsistthatwithchildrenunderincreasingpressuretodevotetheirdowntimetointernships(實(shí)習(xí))orstudy,there'sstillroomforaninstitutionthatprotectsthelazydaysofchildhood.2.However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarycafebutaveryspecialone.(2019·浙江)Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.3.Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.(2019·江蘇卷)Thefirstuniquehumancharacteristicisthathumanshaveextra-ordinarilylargebrainscomparedwithotheranimals.4.Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.(2019·江蘇卷)Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors'centers.5.Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Youwillsurelyneedtoovercomesomedifficulties,someplanned,butmostunplanned.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Nowadaysmanystudentsdevotetoomuchtimetoplaying(play)computergames.2．Thisisthemostconvincing(convince)evidencethatIcanfind.3．YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpanding(expand)theareaofthefields.4．Theyweretomeetatagiven(give)timeandplace.5．Shanghaifoodisratheroily,andBeijingfoodissalty(salt)andspicy.6．Wethoughthewasseriousbutinreality(real)hewasjoking.7．Peopleusedtobelievethatdirtgenerated(generate)disease.8．Itisestimated(estimate)thatnotlessthanhalfamillionpeoplediedinthefamine.9．Thatwastheextremesouthernlimitattained(attain)bythecourageoustraveller.10．_easethewatershortage(short)．Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)填空f(shuō)arfrom,devote...to,becomprisedof,dependon,deepdown1．Allthesefundsraisedweredevotedtothebuildingofsportsfacilitiesandconstructionofstadiums.2．Thegroupiscomprisedoftwoguitarists,adrummer,andasinger.3．Weknewdeepdownthatwecoulddoit.4．Whetherthegamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.5．Tobehonest,yoursonisfarfromtrustworthy.Ⅲ.課文語(yǔ)法填空YuanLongpingisoneofChina'sfamousscientists,whois1.known(know)asthe“fatherofhybridrice”．Hewasbornin1930inBeijing.Becausehewantedtotackle2.theproblemoflowyield,he3.chose(choose)tostudyagricultureatcollege.Aftergraduation,heworkedasaresearcherand4.wasconvinced(convince)thatit'spossibletocreatehybridrice.Afterhardworkhesucceededin5.developing(develop)thefirsthybridricein1974.Becauseofhisinvaluablecontributions,Yuanhasreceivednumerous6.awards(award)bothinChinaandabroad.Althoughhishybridshavemadehimquite7.wealthy(wealth),hecareslittle8.forcelebrityandmoney.Instead,hemakeslargedonations9.tosupport(support)agriculturalresearch.NowYuanstilltriestofulfilhisnewdreamsandeveryoneiswaitingtosee10.whathewilldreamupnext.速讀課文，完成下列任務(wù)：Ⅰ.閱讀判斷判斷以下句子提供的信息是正確，還是錯(cuò)誤，還是沒(méi)有提及。1．YuanLongping