押長沙卷第56-60題 知識(shí)運(yùn)用之閱讀表達(dá)（原卷版）-備戰(zhàn)2024年中考英語臨考題號(hào)押題

押湖南卷第56-60題知識(shí)運(yùn)用之閱讀表達(dá)（長沙卷）【題型概述】分析湖南近3年各地市中考英語真題可知,回答問題型閱讀的話題涉及故事類、介紹類、觀點(diǎn)建議類、飲食與健康類、科普知識(shí)類、文化風(fēng)俗類及校園生活類。詞數(shù)為200-260詞，一般情況下，每篇文章設(shè)5個(gè)問題，其中以4個(gè)特殊疑問句、1個(gè)一般疑問句居多，少量涉及5個(gè)特殊疑問句和3個(gè)特殊疑問句、2個(gè)一般疑問句。【閱讀策略】此類題型不僅要求考生讀懂文章，還要求考生能夠用自己的語言簡要地回答有關(guān)問題;既考查考生的閱讀理解能力，也考查考生的英語表達(dá)能力和概括能力。另外，對(duì)考生的拼寫能力、語法掌握能力也提出了一定的要求,再加上解答這樣的題型幾乎沒有猜題的技巧可言,加大了做題的難度。要想取得較好的成績,好的解題步驟和技巧是非常重要的。本題型答題應(yīng)注意以下五點(diǎn):、在答題前，先快速瀏覽短文之后的問題。以便于在閱讀的時(shí)候，有意識(shí)地留意文中出現(xiàn)的與問題有關(guān)的信息。二、認(rèn)真細(xì)讀全文及所給圖表，了解短文及圖表中的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，包括人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容、原因、數(shù)量、結(jié)果及圖片各個(gè)要素之間的關(guān)系等,即who,when,where,what,why,howmany,how等基本要素信息,并作出不同的標(biāo)記，以備答題時(shí)一目了然，提高答題速度和效率。三、仔細(xì)閱讀問題，在理解題意的基礎(chǔ)上，從文中或圖片中提取所需要的信息進(jìn)行逐一回答，此時(shí)一定要注意圖片之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，讀懂圖片以后，再認(rèn)真組織語言，注意書寫的清晰度與準(zhǔn)確性，注意語言表達(dá)的邏輯性和嚴(yán)密性。四、對(duì)于具有歸納與總結(jié)性的問題，需要對(duì)所給圖文中的信息材料進(jìn)行甄別與篩選，綜合相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行必要的轉(zhuǎn)換、歸納和概括。五、對(duì)于開放性試題，考生一定要讀懂題意，搞清楚問什么，有幾個(gè)問題，防止遺漏。此類試題一般都和文章的話題相關(guān)，對(duì)于考生來說并不陌生。重要的是要注意回答問題的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)等。比如問過去的事情用一般過去時(shí)，表達(dá)自己或他人對(duì)某事的觀點(diǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);人稱上尤其要注意第三人稱單數(shù)形式。要求考生讀完一篇文章后,根據(jù)文中相關(guān)內(nèi)容,完成相關(guān)的填空題。這種閱讀在形式上靈活多樣,內(nèi)容上豐富多彩,并聯(lián)系實(shí)際,強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀表述,旨在考查考生綜合運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)的能力,快速獲取信息的能力,也考查考生組織信息和表達(dá)信息的能力。PassageA（2023湖南長沙卷）Oneday,agroupoftouristsfromAustraliaclimbedalargerockintheCentralParkofNewYorkCity.Theytookpicturesofoneanotherwiththehigh-risebuildingsinthebackground.Likemanyothertourists,theydidn’trealizethathighinanearbytree,therewassomethingmoreworthyofattention:aneagle-owl(雕鸮)namedFlaco.Earlierthatmonth,thebirdFlacomadehisgreatescape(逃跑)fromtheCentralParkZoo.Thezookeepersthentriedseveraltimestocatchhimbutwereunsuccessful.Heseemedtobeinnohurrytoreturntothezoo.OlgaTorrey,aphotographer,hasbeenphotographinganimalsincityparksfor12years.SinceFlacoescaped,Torreyhaskeptacloseeyeonhim.Shewonderedifhewouldeverreturntothezoo.“Oncehegetsatasteoffreedom,I’mnotsure...”shesaid.Still,eachdayspentoutsideputsFlacoindanger.Hemightaccidentallyhitwindowsandgetinjured(受傷)whileflying.Moreover,theeagle-owllivedhiswholelifeinthezoointhepast.Hemaynotbeusedtofindingfoodonhisown.Andifhemadeamealofarat(耗子),itmightharmhishealth—theratmightcontainpoison(含有毒物).ThezoohashadtheworkerscarefullywatchFlacoallthetime,astheyareworriedabouthissafety.HasFlacoeatenanythingtoday?Hashegotinjuredtoday?Well,anotherdayofwatchinghasnowbegun.21.WheredidFlacoescapefrom?22.WhatisOlgaTorrey’sjob?23.IfFlacomadeamealofarat,whatmighthappentohim?24.WhydothezooworkerskeepwatchingFlacocarefully?25.ShouldwegetFlacobacktothezoo?Whyorwhynot?PassageB（2022湖南長沙卷）MessageNewReplyForwardDeletePrintMovetoDearWang,GreattohearyouarecomingtotheUSA!IdohopeyoucanstopbyandvisitusintheBigApple—apopularnameforNewYorkCity.Therearesomanythingstoseeanddohere.Itwouldtakealifetimetolistthemall:Chinatown,WallStreet,CentralPark,tonameonlyafew.ButknowingyouasIdo,I’dsuggestwalkingthroughMidtownManhattan.ItisverypopularintheUSAandjustcan’tbemissed!PeopleoftensaythatnovisittoNewYorkCityiscompletewithoutatriptoBroadway!Broadwaywithitscafés,streetperformers（表演者）andcolorfulsignsreallyrepresentsNewYork’sloudspirit!AsBroadwayistheheartoftheAmericantheaterindustry,it’satnightwhenittrulycomesalive.Broadwayiswell-knownforitsbigtheaters.TheyshowShakespeare,modernplays,danceshowsormusicals—takeyourpick!Withyourloveofsingingandinterestindrama（戲劇）,I’drecommend（推薦）amusical.It’sagreatandmovingexperiencethatI’msureyouwouldlove—abitlikePekingopera!ManymusicalsarebasedonclassicstorieslikeLesMiserablesorPeterPan,andtheymighteveninspire（激發(fā)）youtoreadthebooks,too!MybignewsisthatIamgoingtoChinaonvacationthiswinter.IamlookingforplacesofinterestinChina.Canyourecommendsometome?Seeyousoon!Leslie21.WhatisNewYorkCityalsocalled?22.IsBroadwayfamousforitsbigtheaters?23.Whataremanymusicalsbasedon?24.WhenisLesliegoingtoChinaonvacation?25.WhichplaceofinterestinChinawillyourecommendtoLeslie?一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題是原文提到了某事物、現(xiàn)象或理論,題干針對(duì)原文具體敘述本身發(fā)問。這類題在原文中可直接找到答案,常用一般疑問句、選擇疑問句以及由who,what,where,when,why和how等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句來提問。凡是針對(duì)特定事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的考題,其正確答案大都可以在閱讀材料中找到相應(yīng)的文字作為驗(yàn)證?；卮鸫祟悊栴}一般采取尋讀法,即先讀題,然后帶著問題快速閱讀短文,找出與問題有關(guān)的詞語或句子,再進(jìn)行分析對(duì)比,找出答案。例原文:Onthefirstdayofschool,ourprofessorintroducedalittleoldladytous.問題:Whodidtheprofessorintroduceonthefirstdayofschool?思路:通過審題后尋讀,考生應(yīng)回答:Alittleoldlady.二、主旨大意題此類問題主要考查學(xué)生概括文章主旨或段落大意的能力,其主要目的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生歸納主要信息的能力?，F(xiàn)在初中學(xué)生閱讀時(shí)的普遍問題是文章大意基本能看懂,但缺乏歸納主題和寫作目的的能力,而這恰恰是閱讀教學(xué)的主要目的。主旨大意題的提問方式通常是:Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?/Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?/Whatisthepurposeofthewriter’swritingthepassage?/WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellus?/Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?由于文章的主旨大意通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在首尾段或段落的首尾句,所以回答此類型題一般采用略讀法。略讀時(shí)要特別注意短文的首段、首句或末句,一般文章的主旨大意就在這里。抓住每段中的關(guān)鍵詞語,便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布,在答題時(shí)就心中有數(shù)了?！镉行┪恼轮髦即笠馇逦髁?考生只需從原文中提取信息即可。★有些文章除了需要把握首尾段或段落首尾關(guān)鍵句之外,考生還要把握全文結(jié)構(gòu),分清段落層次,從而歸納出主旨大意。思路:通過略讀尋找首尾段的關(guān)鍵句,并結(jié)合人們不喜歡藍(lán)色食物的現(xiàn)象以及原因,考生應(yīng)總結(jié)答案為:Peopledon’tlikethebluefoodandthereasons.三、信息歸納題該類題目要求考生能在短文中找到題目所涉及的事實(shí)性細(xì)節(jié),并能適當(dāng)進(jìn)行歸納表達(dá)。在找到相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)信息之后,有時(shí)可照搬原文信息輕松作答,有時(shí)還要對(duì)事實(shí)性信息進(jìn)行適當(dāng)整理。解答信息歸納題時(shí),一方面要在對(duì)全文理解的基礎(chǔ)上采取尋讀策略,找到相應(yīng)的原文信息;另一方面要使用詞語的恰當(dāng)詞性。很多學(xué)生在考試時(shí)就沒有注意到詞性的要求。因此,做這類題要回答全面,也要表述正確。四、開放性問答題此類題目是要求考生針對(duì)短文中所出現(xiàn)的話題發(fā)表個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)和見解。它沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案,需要考生根據(jù)自己的理解和想象答題。但考生的三觀要符合主流意識(shí)形態(tài),陳述理由時(shí)不能脫離原文的背景。開放性的問題使考生跳出了一定的限制范圍,有利于體現(xiàn)創(chuàng)造性思維?？忌谄綍r(shí)要多思考生活,關(guān)注社會(huì)和國內(nèi)外問題,中考時(shí)方可寫出具有自己個(gè)性、言簡意賅且合情合理的句子。PassageAKarlsson,aforeignteacheratBeijingUnionUniversity(BUU),haslivedinChinaforover15years.HeshowedgreatinterestinChinawhenhejoinedinaprogramforEastAsianstudiesinSwitzerlandin1997.Backthen,cellphonesandtheInternetwerenotwidelyused.LearningChinesemeantusingtextbooks,dictionariesandtapes.HelearnedChineseinthatway.In2006,withahighscoreintheChineselanguagetest,hewonascholarshipforafive-weeksummerprograminBeijing.Afterfinishingthestudyprogram,KarlssonwasofferedaBeijing-basedjobasamarketresearcher.Inthenextyear,hestartedtoteachbusinessatBUU.LifeinBeijinghasbeenawonderfulexperience.Ithasofferedhimmanychancesforpersonalgrowth.Today,thankstohigh-speedbroadband(寬帶)and5G,hecanconnectwithstudentsatBUU'spartneruniversitiesinRussiaorMexicowhileridingontheBeijingsubway.Althoughhewasbusyonteachingdays,Karlssonapplied(申請)forafull-timescholarship(獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金)attheUniversityofInternationalBusinessandEconomicsinBeijing.Attheageof44,hegothisPh.D.ineconomics(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)博士)."Iamquiteinterestedinblockchain(區(qū)塊鏈)technology,andIknowthatChinaisquicklybecomingtheleaderinblockchainapplications.So,Ialwayswritemyarticlesinthisarea,"hesaid."Thereisalwaystimetofollowyourdreamsifyouworkhard,"hesaid."Takingchallengesandalsohelpingothersarewhatmakeslifeworthliving,"1．HowdidKarlssonlearnChineseinSwitzerland?2．HowlongwasthesummerprograminBeijing?3．WhycouldKarlssonconnectwithstudentsfromforeigncountriesonthesubway?4．WhendidKarlssongethisPh.Dineconomics?5．WhatcanyoulearnfromKarlsson'sexperiences?PassageBLaboreducationhasbeenmadeapartofcompulsory（義務(wù)的）education.Studentswillhaveatleastonecourseeveryweekonbasichouseholdskillssuchascleaningandcooking.Shouldcookingbetaughtatschools?Howcanlaboreducationcontinueafterschool?Thetopiccatcheswidesocialattentionandcausesheatedpublicdiscussions.LiMei,astudentinBeijingWehavelittletimetodevelopourinterestsbecausewehavetospendmostofthetimestudying.Ahouseholdskillclasscangiveuschancestoexperiencemoreaspectsoflifeandhelpusdiscoverdifferentinterests.Ihopewecouldbegiventhechoicestotakewhatevercourseswelike.Mrs.Chen,ahousewifeinHubeiSchoolsshouldhavecookingclasses.Childrenwillbetaughtabouttheirfoodandhowtocookproperly.Manyparentsdon'thavetheprofessionalknowledgeandhavenotimetodothis.Ahouseholdclasswouldprovidetheknowledgeandtrainingthatparentsareunabletogivetheirchildren.Mr.Wang,ateacherinShandongBylearningbasicskillslikecookingandcleaning,childrencanlearnhowtotakecareofthemselvesandliveindependently.Parentswon'talwayshelptheirchildrenwitheveryproblemthey'llmeetintheirlife.Theyneedtolearnnewthings,solveproblemsandgrowfromtheirexperiences.Itisnecessaryforchildrentoknowhowtomastertheseimportantlifesavingskillsasearlyaspossible.WuWei,anengineerinShanghaiIlearnedsomebasiccookingskillsfrommymother.ButmostofthemwerelearnedafterIgraduatedfromtheuniversity,frombooksandonlineshortvideos.Householdskillslikecookingareveryusefulinourdailylife.Ihopethesecookingclasseswillreallymakethestudentsrealizethatlaborisimportantandvaluable.6．Dothefourpeopleagreetoteachbasichouseholdskillsatschool?7．What'sLiMei'sproblem?8．Whothinksstudentsshouldlearnhowtocookproperly?9．WhyshouldchildrenlearnbasicskillsaccordingtoMr.Wang?10．WhatdoesWuWeithinkoflabor?PassageCLastMonday,therewasaChinesepapercuttingcompetitioninXiangyangMiddleSchool.Itwasheldintheirmeetinghall.Itwasverysuccessful.Asweknow,Chinesepapercutting,whichisalsocalled"Jianzhi",isatraditionalartforminChina.Peopleusescissorsoraknifetocutpaperintodifferentshapesanddesigns.Chinesepapercuttinghasalonghistory.Chinesepapercuttingisoftenusedathomeduringspecialtraditionaldays.Thedesignscanbeanimals,flowers,orevenpeople.Eachdesignhasadifferentmeaning.ChildreninChinalearnhowtomakepapercutsatayoungage.Itisafunactivityandithelpsthemdeveloptheircreativity(創(chuàng)意)andskills.Theycanmakepapercutstogiveothersasgiftsortousethemtodecorate(裝飾)theirrooms.ChinesepapercuttingispopularinChinaandothercountries.Manypeoplearoundtheworldenjoythisartformandtrytomaketheirownpapercuts.Allinall,Chinesepapercuttingisbeautifulandtraditional.Itisafunactivityforchildren.Ifyouhaveachance,youshouldtrymakingyourownpapercutstoo!11．Whatdopeopleusetocutpaperintodifferentshapesanddesigns?12．WhereisChinesepapercuttingoftenused?13．Doeseachdesignhavethesamemeaning?14．WhendochildreninChinalearnhowtomakepapercuts?15．WhyisChinesepapercuttingpopularinothercountries?PassageDWhilemostpeopleover80arewillingtoenjoylifeafterretirement(退休),ZhaoYafu,anagricultural(農(nóng)業(yè)的)researcherinZhenjiang,JiangsuProvince,likestospendmostoftheyearworkinginthefieldsbetter.Bornin1941,Zhao'schildhooddreamwastobecomeareporter.Whenhewasincollege,Zhaosawhowhardliveswereinthecountryside,sohedecidedtodosomethingtohelp.ButwhenZhaobeganhisplanwithclassesonagriculturalscienceinaprimaryschool,onlytwofarmersappearedandlookedathimsuspiciously(懷疑地)."ThatonlyshowedwhatIwasdoingwasnecessary,"Zhaosaid."Thevillagersneededsomeonetohelpthemchangetheirmindsandembrace(欣然接受)newtechniques(技術(shù))."Zhaokeptonaskingthefarmertousethenewtechniqueshetaughtandtoplantanewkindofrice.Healsoaskedthemtoturntoothercropssuchasstrawberriesandgrapestohelpthemmakemoremoney.Astimewentby,morenewhousesandroadswerebuiltinthevillage,andthevillagersbegantounderstandthatallZhaoreallywantedwastohelpthem.Inhis60yearsinZhenjiang,Zhaohashelpedover160,000farmersshakeoffpoverty(貧窮).HeandhisteamarealsoactiveinWesternChina.Since2013,theyhavehelpedfarmersinWesternChinaearn(賺得)nearly30billionyuan."Isawhowpoorthevillagersusedtobe,andIalsoseehowtheyhavebeenchangedovertheyears.Iwillcontinuewithmyworkifmyhealthpermits(允許),"saidZhao.16．WhichdoesZhaYafulikebetterafterretirement,enjoyinglifeorworkinginthefields?17．WhenwasZhaYafuborn?18．WheredidZhaYafubeginhisplanwithclassesonagriculturalscience?19．WhydidZhaoYafuaskthefarmerstoturntoothercrops?20．HowmanyfarmershasZhaoYafuhelpedtoshakeoffpovertyinZhenjiang?PassageEAbout2300yearsago,theareaaroundChengduhadbadfloods(洪水)inspringeveryyear.Floodwaterfromthemountainsflowed(流動(dòng))downtheMinjiangRiverandcoveredtheland.Luckily,theQingovernor(太守),LiBing,wasawaterengineer.ThekingofQinprovidedthemoneyandaskedthegovernortosolvetheproblem.Theusualmethodtoavoidfloodingistobuildawallacrosstheriver,calledadam.Specialopeningsinthedamallowtheflowofwatertobecontrolled.However,thekinghadalsoaskedLiBingtomakesurethatshipscouldstillusetheriver.Thiswasnecessarybecausethekingneededtosendfoodtohisarmy.SoLiBingstudiedthesituationandcameupwithaplan—aplanthatstillworkstoday!Helpedbyhisson,andtensofthousandsofworkersfromthearea,LiBingbuiltaman-madeislandinthemiddleoftheriver.Thisislandwasshapedlikeafishanditdividedthewaterintoaninnerandanouterriver.Theinnerriverwasdeeperthanbutnotaswideastheouterriver.Ittookfouryearstobuildtheisland.LiBingalsocutanewchannel(運(yùn)河)throughMountYulei.Thischannelwouldtakewaterawaytoirrigate(灌溉)thelandintheflatfarmlandbelow.Therockofthemountainwasveryhardanddifficulttocut.LiBingusedfiretoheattherockandthenwatertocoolitquickly.Thismadetherockbreakintosmallerpieceswhichcouldbecarriedawaymoreeasily.Cuttingthechanneltookeightyears!AfterLiBing'sworkwasfinished,therewerenomorefloods,andtheDujiangyanirrigationsystem(灌溉系統(tǒng))allowedthefarmerstogrowmoreandmorefood.Theriverflowednaturally,andbecausetherewasnodam,shipsandfishcouldpassfreely.SichuanbecamethemostproductiveareainChina,asitstillistoday.Today,scientistsandvisitorsfromallovertheworldcometolookatthiswonderfulexampleofengineering.ThisworkandthenameofLiBingliveon.21．WhatwasLiBing'sjob?22．WhydidthekingaskLiBingtomakesurethatshipscouldstillusetheriver?（23．WhohelpedLiBingbuildaman-madeislandinthemiddleoftheriver？24．HowlongdidittakeLiBingtocutanewchannel?25．WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheDujiangyanirrigationsystem?PassageFItwastwomonthsbeforeChristmaswhennine-year-oldRosetoldherfatherandmethatshewantedanewbike.HerSnowWhitebikewasjusttoooldtoride,anditneededrepairingaswell.AsChristmascamecloser,herdreamforabikese