板塊3動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用第2講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞教師用書(shū)教案2

第2講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞[前沿最新動(dòng)態(tài)]題型高考典題試做命題角度解讀語(yǔ)法填空1．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e-4tofind(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.2．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Theyrepresenttheearthcoming(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.3．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Theyareeasytocare(care)forandmakegreatpresents.4．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetouttofind(find)thewell-knownpainter.5．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftcloudssurrounding(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.1．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能(狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)等)，以考查主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)居多；2．考查固定搭配中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。短文改錯(cuò)1．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,and...frying→fried2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.say→saying3．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)...andIthoughtitmusttobeeasytocook.去掉第一個(gè)to4．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Itellmymomthatifwe'reforcedeatthings,wemaybecomeill.eat前加to5．(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Mymomtoldmehowtopreparingit.preparing→prepare1．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)用；2．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)用；3．不定式符號(hào)的多余或缺失；4．介詞to與不定式符號(hào)的誤判?？键c(diǎn)一非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式及意義[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2020·太原二中模擬)Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespeciallydesigned(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.2．(2020·太原一模)Thelittleboystaredatthestrangemanquestioningly,notknowing(know)whethertobelievewhathehadsaid.3．(2020·周口一中質(zhì)檢)Failingtoturn(turn)inyourhomeworkontimewilldirectlyaffectyourgradeforacertaincourse.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)4．(2020·開(kāi)封模擬)Hehasalotofdifferentinterests,rangedfromstampcollectingtoskating. ranged→ranging5．(2020·銀川模擬)Almost50%ofthosesurveyingsaidthattheysupportedthePresident'sdecision. surveying→surveyed6．(2020·玉溪模擬)Hisparentsadvisedhimgotoschoolagain,buthewouldn't. him后加to[要點(diǎn)解讀]非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)意義不定式一般式todotobedone表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生進(jìn)行式tobedoing表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)名詞一般式doingbeingdone表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式havingdonehavingbeendone表示的動(dòng)作先于句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)去分詞一般式done與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表完成考點(diǎn)二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2020·江西宜春中學(xué)第一次診斷)Tofree(free)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions，weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.2．(2020·揭陽(yáng)模擬)Clearlyandthoughtfullywritten(write)，thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.3．(2020·山東煙臺(tái)期末)Notknowing(know)whichuniversitytoattend，thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)4．(2020·吉林吉大附中月考)Ordinarysoap,usingcorrectly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively. using→used5．(2020·宜昌二模)TeslasaidTuesdaythatithadreachedanagreementwiththeChineseauthoritiesbuildabatteryandautomobilefactoryinShanghai. build前加to6．(2020·長(zhǎng)沙一模)Encouraginggreatly,Iworkedevenharderthanever.GraduallyIbegantocatchupwithotherstudentsinmyclass. Encouraging→Encouraged[要點(diǎn)解讀]1．不定式作狀語(yǔ)(1)作目的狀語(yǔ)，可用soasto/inorderto替換，但soasto一般不可置于句首。Inordertocalculatetheamountofpower，workisdividedbytime.要計(jì)算功率的大小，可將功除以時(shí)間。(2)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：onlytodo；enoughtodo(足夠做……)；too...todo...(太……而不能……)；so/such...asto...(如此……以至于……)等。Tomtookataxitotheairport，onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.湯姆乘出租車(chē)去了機(jī)場(chǎng)，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)已飛入高空。(3)作原因狀語(yǔ)，常用在“主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。這類(lèi)形容詞有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed等。Wewereastonishedtofindthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.令我們吃驚的是，這座寺廟仍保持著最初的樣子。[易錯(cuò)提醒]語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中常考查“主語(yǔ)＋be＋形容詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，句子的主語(yǔ)和不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且此時(shí)不定式通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。另外需注意的是在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式中的動(dòng)詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞；若為不及物動(dòng)詞，則要在其后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。2．分詞作狀語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常就是句子的主語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Orderedoveraweekago，thebooksareexpectedtoarriveatanytimenow.這些書(shū)是一個(gè)多星期以前訂購(gòu)的，現(xiàn)在有望隨時(shí)到貨。Likeancientsailors，birdscanfindtheirwayusingthesunandthestars.像古代的船員一樣，鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)可以利用太陽(yáng)和星星找到它們的路。[易錯(cuò)提醒]部分過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表示被動(dòng)，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有：located坐落于，lost迷路的，seated坐著的，hidden躲著的，lost/absorbed/buriedin沉溺于，dressedin穿著，tiredof厭煩的，facedwith面對(duì)著。Absorbedinpainting，Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.由于專(zhuān)心繪畫(huà)，約翰沒(méi)有注意到夜幕正在降臨。3．獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)有些分詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱(chēng)作獨(dú)立成分。常用的有：generally/frankly/roughly/strictlyspeaking，talkingof，speakingof，judgingfrom/by，takingeverythingintoconsideration，comparedto/with，tobefrank，totell(you)thetruth，tobehonest，tomakethingsworse等。Judgingfromhisaccent，heisfromHongKong.從口音判斷，他是香港人。Totellyouthetruth，Iamalittletired.說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)，我有點(diǎn)累?？键c(diǎn)三非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2020·福州八縣市一中聯(lián)考)Ittellsatouching(touch)storythathighlightsChinesefamilies.2．(2020·河北五個(gè)一名校聯(lián)盟二模)Shanghaisimplifiedtheproceduresforskilledforeignersworking(work)inthecitytogetresidencepermitswithinthreedays,thecity'slatestmeasuretoattract(attract)overseasworkers.3．(2020·重慶第一次調(diào)研)Father'sDay,observed(observe)onMarch19sinceMiddleAge,meanshonoringfathersandcelebratingfatherhood.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)4．(2020·邯鄲模擬)Asiaissuchavastanddiversecontinentforanyonedreamofanescape. dream→dreaming5．(2020·惠州第二次調(diào)研)Inthepast,teacherswerealwaysexplainingthepointsinclass.Butnowweoftendiscusstheproblemsbeingraisedbytheteachersorourselves. 刪除being6．(2020·石家莊摸底)JourneytotheWestisafantasticstorysettingintheTangdynasty. setting→set[要點(diǎn)解讀]1．不定式作定語(yǔ)(1)不定式作定語(yǔ)通常放在所修飾詞之后，表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。不定式與其所修飾的詞之間往往是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，若該不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。Suddenlyagoodideaoccurredtoher，butshecouldn'tfindanypapertowriteon.突然她想到了一個(gè)好主意，但是她找不到紙把它寫(xiě)下來(lái)。(2)序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)，thelast，theonly等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞/代詞后，常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveatschoolandthelasttoleaveschool.他總是第一個(gè)到校，最后一個(gè)離校。(3)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí)，常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)名詞：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。Andthebestwaytostrengthenwillpoweristomakeitintoahabit.增強(qiáng)意志力最好的方法就是讓意志力成為一種習(xí)慣。Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力與觀點(diǎn)本身同等重要。(4)當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，作定語(yǔ)的不定式使用主動(dòng)式；當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)不是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，且不定式與所修飾的名詞或代詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式使用被動(dòng)式。Haveyougotanythingtobuy?你有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎？(you是buy的執(zhí)行者)IwanttogotoBeijing.Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?我要去北京。你有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎？(you不是buy的執(zhí)行者，anything與不定式是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)2．分詞作定語(yǔ)(1)作定語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式有：現(xiàn)在分詞、“being＋過(guò)去分詞”、過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用“being＋過(guò)去分詞”；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表完成時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞。(2)作定語(yǔ)的不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式為：現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞只表示動(dòng)作已完成，不表被動(dòng)。Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution，I'dlikeyoutolookatastudyconductedinAustraliain2019．為了再討論一下水污染的問(wèn)題，我想讓大家看一項(xiàng)2019年在澳大利亞進(jìn)行的研究。Lastnight，thereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV.昨天晚上，有幾百萬(wàn)人觀看了開(kāi)幕式的電視直播。[易錯(cuò)提醒]非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)的解題思路表示被動(dòng)、完成用過(guò)去分詞done；表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用現(xiàn)在分詞doing；表示被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用beingdone；表示主動(dòng)、尚未進(jìn)行用todo；表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作尚未進(jìn)行用tobedone。試比較：①Thebridgebuiltrecentlywasdesignedbyalocalcompany.②Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbeforeinthesky.③Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow'smeetingisveryimportant.考點(diǎn)四非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2020·沈陽(yáng)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)一)Toavoidwaiting(wait)inlineweadviseyoutobuyyourticketsinadvanceonline.2．(2020·廣東七校聯(lián)考)ForyearsHainanhasbeendevelopingitstourismindustry,whichaimstoturn(turn)theislandintoaninternationaltouristdestination.3．(2020·鄭州第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Inmymind,theyhelpustobecomecalmandconsiderwinning(win)andsolvingrealproblemsaswell.4．(2020·山西長(zhǎng)治一聯(lián))Irememberedlocking(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice，butforgottoturnoffthelights.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)5．(2020·長(zhǎng)春一模)TheWebLanguagedoesnogoodtohelppeoplecommunicate,noritisusefulforlearningEnglish. help→helping6．(2020·武安模擬)Nowadays,itiscommoninChinathatsomepeopletendtorunningtheredlightingroupwhencrossingthestreet.running→run[要點(diǎn)解讀]1．只接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，expect，fail(未能)，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate，wait，happen(碰巧)等。Sheseatedherselfatasmalltableintherestaurant，waitingtobeserved.她坐在餐館里的一張小桌子旁等著被服務(wù)。2．只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)：admit，avoid，consider，escape(避開(kāi))，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feellike，giveup，putoff，objectto，lookforwardto等。此外，havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.，havefun(in)doingsth.等句型中也用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。Iavoidedmentioningthesubjectincaseheshouldbeoffended.我回避提及這個(gè)話(huà)題，以免冒犯他。It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoingforaswim?今天很熱。你想去游泳嗎？3．一些動(dòng)詞可接不定式與動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但意義不同：eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgettodosth.忘記去做某事（未做）,forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事（已做）))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(regrettodosth.對(duì)即將做的事表示遺憾（未做）,regretdoingsth.對(duì)做過(guò)的事表示后悔（已做）))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(remembertodosth.記得去做某事（未做）,rememberdoingsth.記得做過(guò)某事（已做）))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth.盡力去做某事,trydoingsth.嘗試做某事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(goontodosth.做完一件事后接著做另一件事,goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth.打算做某事,meandoingsth.意味著做某事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(can'thelptodosth.不能幫助做某事,can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事))—Thatwouldmeanwastingalotoflabour.—Really？Idon'tmeantowasteanylabour.——那將意味著浪費(fèi)許多勞動(dòng)力?！菃幔课也](méi)打算浪費(fèi)勞動(dòng)力。Shenearlyforgottogivehimatipforhisservice.她幾乎忘了給他的服務(wù)付小費(fèi)。WassheworriedabouthowIwouldreactorthatIwouldstopbuyingthegroceriesifIfoundout?她是擔(dān)憂(yōu)如果我弄清情況會(huì)如何作出反應(yīng)，還是擔(dān)憂(yōu)我不再給她買(mǎi)食品雜貨呢？[易錯(cuò)提醒]1．動(dòng)詞want，need，require作“需要”講時(shí)，其后要用v.-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)。與此用法相同的動(dòng)詞還有deserve。2．不定式作動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)learn，decide，know，wonder，show，tell，understand，explain，teach，advise，findout等的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面常帶引導(dǎo)詞how，what，whether，where，when，who等。3．連詞but后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，若前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，不定式要省略to?？键c(diǎn)五非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2020·濟(jì)寧二模)Letthoseinneedunderstand(understand)thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.2．(2020·龍口一模)Whenwesawtheroadblocked(block)withsnow，wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.3．(2020·黃岡一模)Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproductsdeveloped(develop)aftergreateffort.4．(2020·安慶慧德中學(xué)月考)Whenhewasreadytoleavehefoundhisbicycle'sfronttyre(輪胎)flat.Hehadtolookforaplacealongthestreettogethisbicyclerepaired(repair)．Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)5．(2020·成都第三次診斷性檢測(cè))Thismakesmerealizedthereisalwayssomeonemuchmorecapable.realized→realize6．(2020·武漢高三調(diào)考)LastSundaywasmybirthday,soIinvitedsomeguysgooutwithmeforacelebration.go前加to[要點(diǎn)解讀]1．不定式作賓補(bǔ)不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)和不定式之間在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，不定式表將要發(fā)出的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，expect，forbid，force，intend，invite，order，persuade，prefer，require，remind，tell，want，warn，wish，callon，dependon等。Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving，wemustgivethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.如果我們期望人們放棄開(kāi)車(chē)的習(xí)慣，我們必須給他們可以依賴(lài)的選擇。Havingfinishedherproject，shewasinvitedbytheschooltospeaktothenewstudents.完成項(xiàng)目之后，她被學(xué)校邀請(qǐng)去給新生講話(huà)。(1)有些動(dòng)詞，如think，consider，believe，suppose，feel，find，understand等后常用tobe作賓補(bǔ)或主補(bǔ)。Chinesepeopleareconsideredtobethemosthard-workingpeopleintheworld.中國(guó)人被認(rèn)為是世界上最勤勞的人民。(2)在sb.besaid/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋todo/tohavedone結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式用作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Heisthoughttohaveactedfoolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.大家都認(rèn)為他表現(xiàn)得很愚蠢?，F(xiàn)在要為他的失業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)的不是別人，而是他自己。2．分詞作賓補(bǔ)(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作?？山蝇F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：感官動(dòng)詞(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listento，feel)，使役動(dòng)詞(have，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。Listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallingforhelp?聽(tīng)！你聽(tīng)到有人正在呼喊救命嗎？(2)過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作?？山舆^(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：感官動(dòng)詞(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listento，feel)，使役動(dòng)詞(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep等。Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica，Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismothertakengoodcareofathome.李博士在非洲進(jìn)行了兩年的醫(yī)療服務(wù)，回來(lái)后看到母親在家里被照顧得很好他很高興。(3)使役動(dòng)詞have，get后接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的異同點(diǎn)：①havesth.done＝getsth.done讓別人做某事；②havesb./sth.doing讓……一直做某事；getsth./sb.doing使……開(kāi)始做某事；③havesb.dosth.＝getsb.todosth.讓某人做某事。Beforedrivingintothecity，youarerequiredtogetyourcarwashed.在開(kāi)車(chē)進(jìn)城之前，你需要洗洗車(chē)?？键c(diǎn)六非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2020·湖北七市聯(lián)考)Johannesburgisknown(know)astheCityofGold,whichistheheartofshopping(shop),entertainmentandcityadventure.2．(2020·遼寧鐵嶺協(xié)作體一聯(lián))Travelling(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.3．(2020·沈陽(yáng)模擬)Understanding(understand)yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.4．(2020·貴陽(yáng)摸底)InVancouveritisunusualtosee(see)abear，butinsomecitiesyoucanseebiganimalsonthecitystreetseveryday.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)5．(2020·開(kāi)封模擬)Compareyourlookswithothers'islikecomparingappleswithoranges. Compare→Comparing6．(2020·成都二次摸底)Itisbettertraveltenthousandmilesthantoreadtenthousandbooks. travel前加to7．(2020·廣東部分學(xué)校第一次聯(lián)考)Asforme，Idon'tthinktakeextraclassesisnecessary. take→taking[要點(diǎn)解讀]1．不定式作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)(1)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般表示某一次具體的動(dòng)作。若不定式太長(zhǎng)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)而將不定式后置。Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare，therearetimeswhenit'sbettertoremainsilent.不論你多么能說(shuō)會(huì)道，有些時(shí)候保持沉默會(huì)更好。(2)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，①表示預(yù)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；②當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是aim，purpose，idea，plan，wish，decision，choice等詞時(shí)，常用不定式作表語(yǔ)；③主語(yǔ)為what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)，表語(yǔ)多用不定式。Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.他的愿望是將來(lái)當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighis(to)improvemyEnglish.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英語(yǔ)水平。2．動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把作真正主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)放在句末。常用于固定句型：It'sawasteoftimedoing...；It'snouse/gooddoing...；Itisuselessdoing...；Thereisnousedoing...等中。Facinguptoyourproblemsratherthanrunningawayfromthemisthebestapproachtoworkingthingsout.直接面對(duì)你的問(wèn)題而不是逃避它們，是解決這些問(wèn)題最好的方法。It'snousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.不采取行動(dòng)而只是抱怨是沒(méi)用的。(2)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于名詞，用于解釋主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)常常可以互換位置。Myjobiscleaningthehousethreetimesaweek(＝Cleaningthehousethreetimesaweekismyjob)．我的工作是每星期打掃三次房子。(3)remain作連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“仍然是”時(shí)，后可接現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)；但作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“尚待……；留待……”時(shí)，后常接tobedone。Sheremainedstandingthoughwerepeatedlyaskedhertositdown.雖然我們?nèi)宕蔚卣?qǐng)她坐下，但她還是站著。Itremainstobeseenwhetherthenewly-formedcommittee'spolicycanbeputintopractice.新成立的委員會(huì)的方針能否實(shí)行還有待觀察。[易錯(cuò)提醒]不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)，這是短文改錯(cuò)中?？嫉恼Z(yǔ)法點(diǎn)。【技法點(diǎn)撥】語(yǔ)法填空中對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查1．若句子中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又不是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，所填動(dòng)詞通常是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)就要確定是動(dòng)詞-ing形式，-ed形式，還是不定式形式。2．所給動(dòng)詞在某及物動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要用不定式或者動(dòng)名詞(由它前面的及物動(dòng)詞決定)；作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞；作主語(yǔ)時(shí)要用不定式或者動(dòng)名詞。如果所給動(dòng)詞有名詞形式的派生詞，當(dāng)其在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通?？疾檫@個(gè)動(dòng)詞所派生出的名詞。這時(shí)，要注意它的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。短文改錯(cuò)中對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后或者某一形容詞后如果是動(dòng)詞原形，就要注意兩詞之間是否該有不定式符號(hào)to。2．介詞后(特別是介詞to)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞。to有時(shí)候是不定式，不要誤判為介詞。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Partofthereasonforthatisthatthesepesticidesappear________(stick)aroundintheenvironmentandstaydangerousforlongerperiodsoftime.tostick[句意：與這有關(guān)的部分原因是這些殺蟲(chóng)劑似乎更長(zhǎng)期地存在于環(huán)境中并持續(xù)具有危險(xiǎn)性。appear是連系動(dòng)詞，后接不定式作表語(yǔ)。]2．________(receive)yourpurchasesintime,makesuretheexpresscompanyknowsyouraddressexactly.Toreceive[句意：為了及時(shí)收到你購(gòu)買(mǎi)的物品，要確?？爝f公司準(zhǔn)確地知道你的地址。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。]3．However，manynetizensonSinaWeibodon'tthinkEle.meisprovidingawonderfulservice，sayingitjustwant________(make)money.tomake[句意：然而，新浪微博的網(wǎng)民們并不認(rèn)為餓了么在提供好的服務(wù)，說(shuō)它只是想賺錢(qián)。此處是不定式作賓語(yǔ)。]4．Thiscourseisofgreatinteresttostudents________(hope)toimprovetheirwritingskills.hoping[句意：希望能提高寫(xiě)作能力的學(xué)生對(duì)本課程有極大的興趣。此處是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。]5．Theyounglady,________(make)severalattemptstofixhercellphone,decidedtohaveanothertry.havingmade[句意：這位年輕的女士試圖修好她的手機(jī)，嘗試好幾次后決定再試一次。句中主語(yǔ)“Theyounglady”和動(dòng)詞“make”之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞decided之前，故用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式作狀語(yǔ)。]6．Nowadays,moreandmoreChinesehomeshavethetechnologyandequipment________(need)todoonlineshopping.needed[句意：目前，越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)家庭擁有在線(xiàn)購(gòu)物所需的技術(shù)和設(shè)備。此處是過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，故填needed。]7．WatchingbasketballgamesonTVathomeisonething,goingtowatchthem________(perform)liveisquiteanother.beingperformed[句意：在家里的電視上看籃球比賽是一回事，去看現(xiàn)場(chǎng)比賽又是另外一回事。根據(jù)句意可知，“perform”與其邏輯主語(yǔ)“them”之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，由live“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)地”可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式beingperformed，作賓語(yǔ)them的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。]8．Theydiscoveredthat________(sing)ingroupswasanessentialpartinhelpingpeoplerecoverfrommentalillness.singing[句意：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)合唱在幫助精神病人康復(fù)方面具有重要作用。此處是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)。]Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Severalofuswereaskedtoattendthemeeting,aslistingbelow. ________listing→listed[句意：我們中有幾個(gè)人被要求參加這次會(huì)議，如下所列。此處表示“被列出”，所以用過(guò)去分詞。]2．Truefriendshipisthecommunicationoftheheartsandunderstandofthesouls. ________understand→understanding3．Offeredpeoplefood,housingandjobsiswhatagovernmentshouldfirstconsiderafteranaturaldisasterhappens. ________Offered→Offering[句意：在自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生后，給人們提供食物、住所和工作是政府應(yīng)該首先考慮到的。從結(jié)構(gòu)判斷此處缺少主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞形式。]4．Afterclass,theteachercouldn'tleave,surroundingbythestudents. ________surrounding→surrounded[句意：下課后，老師無(wú)法離開(kāi)，因?yàn)楸粚W(xué)生們圍住了。theteacher與動(dòng)詞surround之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。]5．Asisknown,onlyworkhardleadstohappiness. ________work→working[句意：眾所周知，只有努力工作才能獲得幸福。分析句子可知，主句缺少主語(yǔ)，表示一般性事實(shí)，故用v.-ing形式。]Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空(2020·柳州市摸底考試)We'veallheardthatbreakfastisthemostimportantmealintheday.Itmayactuallybetrue.Recently,astudyofmorethan50，000adultsaged30andolder1．________(find)thatpeoplewhohavebreakfastaremorelikelytolose2．________(weigh)thanthosewhodon'teatamorningmeal.Otherstudiesconnectnoteatingbreakfast3．________ahigherriskofhighbloodpressure,heartdiseaseandsoon.However,it'snotjustwhenyoueatthatmatters,but4．________youeatalsomatters.5．________(keep)fit,youshouldhaveabalanceddietwithprotein,fiberandhealthyfats,whichisthekeytoasatisfying6．________nutritiousbreakfast.Ifyouwanttokeep7．________(you)frombeinghungrylateroftheday,you'dbettereatwithin90minutesafterwakingup.Also,coffeedrunkonanemptystomachisnotrecommendedbecauseitcanbe8．________(harm)toyourbody.There9．________(be)anoldsayingthatadvises“Eatbreakfastlikeaking,lunchlikeaprince,anddinnerlikeabeggar.”Itisworth10．________(follow)．【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究表明，