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最新高考英語閱讀理解專題練習(附答案)50
一、高中英語閱讀理解
1.閱讀理解
"Whensomeoneisrudetoyou,itcanputyouinabadmood.Itmayevenleadyoutoberude
tosomeoneelse,creatingachainofrudeness.Infact,thistroublingchainmayevenbecausedby
simplyseeingsomeoneberudetoanotherperson.Youdon'tevenhavetobethetargetofthe
hadbehavior,"statedaresearcher.
Theresearchersworkedwith81persons,withoccupationsrangingfromsecuritytobusinessto
medicine,whowereaskedtocompleteonlinesurveysovera10-dayperiod.Participants
recordedtheirmoodswhentheywokeup;andintheevening,theydescribedtheirexperiences
overthecourseofthatday.
Eachmorningtheparticipantsalsoviewedashortvideo,describingworkplaceinteractionof
somekind.Halfofthemornings,thevideoincludedsomekindofrudenesswhiletheotherhalf
hadsomekindofwarminteractionintheworkplace.Rudenesswasconveyedthroughvarious
means,includingalackofeyecontactorunpleasantlanguage.
Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideosreportedseeingorexperiencingrudeness
duringtheday,andtheywerealsomorelikelytoescapefromfellowemployeestoavoidbeing
thevictimsofrudenessthemselves.Theyreportedtheiroverallworksufferedthatdayasaresult.
Notallparticipantswereaffectedbytherudenessvideos,however.Afewweeksbeforethe
studybegan,theparticipantscompletedanevaluationthatmeasuredtheirself-confidenceand
emotionalstabilityamongotherthings.Theparticipantswhoscoredhigheronthisevaluation
weresignificantlylesslikelytobeinfluencedbytherudeness.
Consequently,oneoftheresearchersrecommendedthatcompanieshiremanagerswhocan
limitexposuretorudeness,provideplentyofpositivereinforcement(強化)andbuildacivil
workplaceenvironment.This,inturn,couldhelpemployeesbuildtheirconfidencelevelsand
helpthembetterhandleworkplacerudeness.
(1)WhatisParagraph1intendedtoshow?
A.Thepopularityofrudeness.B.Aregularcauseofrudeness.
C.Anewfindingaboutrudeness.D.Thecommondisadvantageofrudeness.
(2)Whyaretheshortvideosplayedfortheparticipants?
A.Tomakethemspreadrudeness.
B.Toeducatethemonworkplaceinteraction.
C.Toexposethemtovariousaspectsofrudeness.
D.Toteachthemhowtouserightbodylanguages.
(3)Whatistheprobableeffectofwatchingthevideosonsomeparticipants?
A.Beingunwillingtowork.B.Poorabilitytodotheirwork.
C.Seriousemotionalsufferings.D.Lessinteractionwithothers.
(4)Whomaynotbeaffectedbytherudenessvideos?
A.Peoplepositiveandkindtothemselves.
B.Peoplekeepingcalminstressfulsituations.
C.Peopleowningconfidenceinothers'ability.
D.Peopleparticipatingintherudenessexperiment.
【答案】(l)C
(2)C
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文,研究表明,關(guān)于''無禮〃行為作為一種〃傳染性〃行為
是可以避免的。
(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Youdon'tevenhavetobethetargetofthebad
behavior〃你甚至不必成為不良行為的目標,可知,第一段前半部分在描述了這種無禮行為
的〃傳染性〃之后,是在引出一項關(guān)于這種行為的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C。
(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Eachmorningtheparticipantsalsoviewedashort
video,describingworkplaceinteractionofsomekind.”每天早上,參與者還觀看了一段描述某
種工作場所互動的短視頻;第四段中的''Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideos
reportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday..."觀看了無禮視頻的參與者才艮告稱,
他們在白天看到或經(jīng)歷了無禮行為……和第五段中的"Notallparticipantswereaffectedbythe
rudenessvideos,however;然而,并不是所有的參與者都受到了粗魯視頻的影響??芍?,讓
參與者觀看視頻是為了讓他們受到更多的影響而研究他們的情緒變化。故選C。
(3)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的''Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideos
reportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday,andtheywerealsomorelikelyto
escapefromfellowemployeestoavoidbeingthevictimsofrudenessthemselves.Theyreported
theiroverallworksufferedthatdayasaresult.〃觀看了無禮視頻的參與者報告稱,他們在白天
看到或經(jīng)歷了無禮行為,而且他們也更有可能逃離同事,以免自己成為無禮行為的受害
者。他們報告說,他們的整體工作因此受到影響??芍?,一些參與者在觀看視頻之后會逃
避與人交流以免成為受影響者。故選D。
(4)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的理fewweeksbeforethestudybegan,theparticipants
completedanevaluationthatmeasuredtheirself-confidenceandemotionalstabilityamong
otherthings.Theparticipantswhoscoredhigheronthisevaluationweresignificantlylesslikelyto
beinfluencedbytherudeness.”在研究開始前幾周,參與者完成了一項評估,評估內(nèi)容包括
他們的自信心和情緒穩(wěn)定性等。在這項評估中得分較高的參與者受粗魯行為影響的可能性
明顯較低。可知,不易受到影響的人較為冷靜沉著。故選B。
【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查,是一篇教育類閱讀,考生需
要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息,并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理,從而選出正確答案。
2.(2019?浙江)閱讀理解
Moneywithnostringsattached.It'snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationin
LosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthat
read,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed."
Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashto
theboard.""Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic(社會經(jīng)濟的)backgroundsgaveand
took,"saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject."Weevenhadabrideinher
weddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars,"Mostofthebillsontheboardwere
singles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip(片段)showsone
manwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.
"WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles,"Bridgessaid.
"There'sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethe
most."Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertook
asmuchastheycould.
Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwasto
showgenerosityandsympathy.Headdedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilar
projectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.
"Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays,"hesaid."Somedaysyouneedahelpinghand
andsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”
(1)Whatdoestheexpression"moneywithnostringsattached"inparagraph1mean?
A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotlegallymade.
C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D.Moneynottiedtogether.
(2)WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?
A.Womentendedtobemoresociable.B.Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.
C.Economicproblemsweregettingworse.D.Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.
(3)WhydidBridgescarryouttheproject?
A.Todoatestonpeople'smorals.B.Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.
C.Toearnhimselfagoodreputation.D.Topromotekindnessandsympathy.
【答案】(1)c
(2)B
(3)D
【解析】【分析】這是一則新聞報道,講述在洛杉磯的聯(lián)合車站,豎起了一塊木板,上面
釘著一些美鈔和一個牌子,上面寫著"留下你能給予的,拿走你所需要的。"雖然有很多人
拿走了錢,但是還是有人把錢釘在木板上。
(1)詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文第二段開頭whilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheir
owncashtothebtoard可知這個板子的目的是為人們提供愛心交換,需要的從上面拿錢,
有富余的可以在上面留錢。這些錢是沒有附加條件的。故答案為C。
(2)推理判斷題。題干中的bride是TylerBridges舉的一個例子,為了證明前一句People
ofallages,races,andsocio-economic(社會經(jīng)濟的)backgroundsgaveandtook,即這個活動
吸引了各種年齡、種族和經(jīng)濟背景的人。故答案為B。
(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中
Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy可知他發(fā)起這個活動的目的是
讓人們展示慷慨和同情。故答案為D。
【點評】這是一篇新聞報道,文章的第一段第三句話就是本文的主題句,閱讀時要要弄清
新聞的主旨,弄清細節(jié),根據(jù)問題中的關(guān)鍵詞找到相關(guān)語句并能分析理解相關(guān)的句子,從
而得到需要的答案。
3.閱讀理解
OurplanwastodriveintoCambridge,catchthe7:34traintoLiverpoolStreetStation,thento
separateandmeetagainforlunch.WeshouldhavearrivedatLiverpoolat9:19,butduetoa
typicalLondonfog,thetrainhadtomovealongsoslowlythatitwasnotuntil10:30thatitgot
there.Inspiteofourlatearrival,Joan,mywife'ssister,decidedthatshewouldgotoseethe
CrownJewelsintheTowerofLondonwhilewewentshopping.Itwasonlyafterhersisterhad
disappearedintothefogthatmywiferealizedthatwehadn'tdecidedwhereweshouldmeetfor
lunch.SinceIhadourthreeticketsfortheconcertinmypocket,thiswasindeedaproblem.
ThereseemedtobenothingwecoulddoexcepttakingataxitotheTowerofLondon,andtryto
findherthere.Needlesstosay,wedidn'tfindher.
Itwasnowoneo'clock,andtheconcertbeganat2:30."Perhapsshewillthinkofwaiting
outsidetheconcerthall,"suggestedmywifehopefully.Bythistimethefogwassothickthatroad
traffichadtostop,andtheonlywaytogettherewasbyundergroundrailway.Handinhandwe
feltourwayalongtheroadtowherewethoughttheneareststationshouldbe.Anhourlaterwe
werestilltryingtofindit.JustasIwasabouttolosemytempercompletelywhenwemetablind
mantappinghiswayconfidentlythroughthefog.WithhishelpwefoundTowerHilltubestation
justfiftyyardsdowntheroad.
Bynowitwasfartoolateeventotrytogettotheconcerthallbeforetheperformancebegan
at2:30,sowedecidedtoreturntoCambridge.Ittooksevenlonghoursinsteadoftheusualtwo
tomakethatjourney.Norwereweabletogetanyfoodanddrinkonthetrain.Tiredandhungry
wefinallyreachedhomeatten,openingthedoortothesoundofthetelephonebell.ItwasJoan;
shehadseentheCrownJewels,hadmanagedtogetanotherticketforconcert,andhadhada
wonderfuldinneratarestaurantnearthehotelwhereshedecidedtostayforthenight.Nowshe
wasringingtodiscoverwhetherwehadhadanequallysuccessfulday.
(1)WhywasJoanseparatedfromhersisterandherbrother-in-law?
A.theycouldnotseeeachotherbecauseofthefog.
B.JoanhadnotseenCrownJewels.
C.Theyplannedtododifferentthingsuntillunchtime.
D.Thewriterdidn'twanttogototheconcert.
(2)Whatdidthewriterplantodointheafternoon?
A.Gototheconcert.B.SeetheCrownJewels.
C.ReturntoCambridge.D.Goshopping.
(3)Thereasonwhytheydidn'tallmeetforlunchwasthat.
A.Theylosttheirwayinthefog
B.theyforgottomakenecessaryarrangement
C.theywaitedatdifferentplacesanddidn'tmeeteachother
D.thecouplecouldn'tfindtheundergroundstation
(4)It'squiteclearthatforJoanthetriptoLondonhadbeen.
A.spiltbythefogB.quitetiringC.ratherdisappointingD.veryenjoyable
【答案】(1)C
(2)A
(3)B
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文,講述了作者一伙人到倫敦游玩的故事。由于安排不
當,導(dǎo)致當天的活動很是混亂。
(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"OurplanwastodriveintoCambridge,catchthe7:34
traintoLiverpoolStreetStation,thentoseparateandmeetagainforlunch"可矢口,他們分開的
原因在于他們決定各自做自己的事情,然后中午午餐時相聚。故選C。
(2)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"SinceIhadourthreeticketsfortheconcertinmy
pocket,thiswasindeedaproblem",可知作者計劃去聽音樂會。故選A。
(3)細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"Itwasonlyafterhersisterhaddisappearedintothefogthat
mywiferealizedthatwehadn'tdecidedwhereweshouldmeetforlunch.’可知此前他們并沒有
做好安排。故導(dǎo)致午飯時沒能聚到一起。故選B。
(4)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的"ItwasJoan;shehadseentheCrownJewels,had
managedtogetanotherticketforconcert,andhadhadawonderfuldinneratarestaurantnear
thehotelwhereshedecidedtostayforthenight何知Joan玩得很盡興。故選Do
【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解題型的考查,是一篇故事類閱讀,考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)
信息,結(jié)合題目要求,從而選出正確答案。
4.閱讀理解
AfamousAnglicanChurchstandsinaquietcornerofDunedininNewZealand'sSouthIsland.
Builtin1865,itisthecity'soldestchurchstillinuse.Countlesscoupleshavegatheredhereto
marry.It'swheremorningtearsareshared,friendshipsformedandcomfortgivenduringtimesof
loss.
Aswithmanychurches,itswallsaregracedwithacollectionofbeautifulstained-glasswindows.
Knownasthe"JohnAllenwindow",onewindowportraystheshortlifeofalocalman,JohnAllen,
whodiedin1915intheGallipolicampaigninTurkey.
JohnwasthesonofSirJamesAllen,whoasMinisterofDefense,helpedplanandadminister
NewZealand'sWorldWarIstrategy,whichsaw100,000troopssenttofight.Withthewarover
andhissondead,SirJameschosetoinstallawindowinthechurch,withwhichtheAllenfamily
hadstrongties.
Dividedintotwoparts,onedepicts(描繪)St.George,thepatronsaint(守護神)ofsoldiers,
whiletheotherhasanangelofpeace,alongwiththewordsatthebottom,"JohnHughAll
Gallipoli,6thJune,1915".Twotreeswithlocalbirdsonthebranchescanbeseenandakiwiwalks
atthebottom-remindersthatJohnwasaloverofbirds.
"Therearemanywarmemorialsinthechurch,"saysthechurch."Howeverthe'JohnAllen
window'standsout;ittouchespeoplebecauseofthebeautifuldesign,theNewZealandbirds
andbecauseJohn'sstory,ofalifesofullofpromiseendingtragicallyinthewar,reflectsthelives
andstoriesofsomanyothersinvolvedinWorldWarI."
(1)Whatdoestheword"portrays"inparagraph2mostprobablymean?
A.Starts.B.Changes.C.Treasures.D.Represents.
(2)SirJamesAllenbuiltthe"JohnAllenwindow"to.
A.celebratetheendofWorldWarI
B.honorthetroopsintheGallipolicampaign
C.rememberhisson'ssacrificetothecountry
D.showthefamily'sclosetieswiththechurch
(3)Whatmightbethemainthemeofthepicturesonthewindow?
A.Freedomandequality.
B.Peaceandwar.
C.Humanandnature.
D.Marriageandfamily.
(4)Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.ABraveSoldier
B.WindowonaLife
C.CrueltyoftheWar
D.AGrandChurch
【答案】(1)D
(2)C
(3)B
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了一所教堂中一個被稱為“約翰?艾倫之窗"的窗
戶,上面描繪了一位當?shù)厝思s翰?艾倫的短暫生命。這是約翰的父親為了紀念他的兒子為國
家做出的犧牲而繪制的,主題體現(xiàn)了戰(zhàn)爭與和平。
(1)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的"theshortlifeofalocalman,JohnAllen,whodiedin
1915intheGallipolicampaigninTurkey.可知被稱為"JohnAllenwindow”的一扇窗戶描繪了當
地男子JohnAllen短暫的一生,他于1915年在土耳其的加里波利戰(zhàn)役中犧牲。可知
portrays意思為〃描繪〃,故選D。
(2)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Withthewaroverandhissondead,SirJameschoseto
installawindowinthechurch,withwhichtheAllenfamilyhadstrongties.'隨著戰(zhàn)爭的結(jié)束和他
兒子的去世,SirJames選擇在教堂里安裝了一扇窗戶,艾倫家族與這扇窗戶有著密切的聯(lián)
系??芍猄irJamesAllen建造了“JohnAllenwindow”,以紀念他的兒子為國家做出的犧牲。
故選C。
(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Dividedintotwoparts,onedepictsSt.George,
thepatronsaintofsoldiers,whiletheotherhasanangelofpeace,alongwiththewordsatthe
bottom/'JohnHughAllGallipoli,6thJune,1915”;繪畫分為兩部分,一部分描繪了士兵的守護
神圣喬治,另一部分描繪了和平天使,最下面寫著"JohnHughAllGallipoli,1915年6月6
日〃??赏浦袄锏漠嫷闹黝}應(yīng)當為戰(zhàn)爭與和平。故選B。
(4)考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段“Aswithmanychurches,itswallsaregracedwithacollection
ofbeautifulstained-glasswindows.Knownasthe“JohnAllenwindow",onewindowportraysthe
shortlifeofalocalman,JohnAllen,whodiedin1915intheGallipolicampaigninTurkey.”與許多
教堂一樣,它的墻壁上裝飾著一系列美麗的彩色玻璃窗。一個窗子被稱為"約翰?艾倫之窗
",上面描繪了一位當?shù)厝思s翰?艾倫的短暫生命,他于1915年在土耳其的加利波利戰(zhàn)役中
去世。)以及文章主要內(nèi)容為描述這個玻璃窗畫背后的故事,故選B。
【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解,詞義猜測,推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查,是一
篇文化類閱讀,要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上,進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,進行
分析,推理,概括和歸納,從而選出正確答案。
5.閱讀理解
Everyyearmigratory(遷徙的)batstravelfromMexicotoBrackenCave,wheretheyspendthe
summerconsuminginsectsthatwouldotherwisehungrilyeatcommonfoodcrops.Butthebats
havebeenshowingupfarearlierthantheydidtwodecadesago.
Inastudy,scientistsatRothamstedResearch,anagriculturallaboratoryinEngland,usedradar
datafrom160U.S.weatherstationstoanalyzeactivityintheTexasbatcolonyfrom1995through
2017.TheydiscoveredthecreatureswereleavingtheirwinterquartersinMexicoearlierand
reproducingsooner.Theywerealsoastonishedtofindincreasingnumbersofbats
overwintering(過冬)atBrackenCaveinsteadofheadingbacktotheircoldweatherquartersin
Mexico.Overwinteringisasignthatwarmertemperatureschangethebats'annualrhythms,
RothamstedbiologistPhillipStepaniansays.
AseparatestudyofmigratorybatsinIndiana,publishedlastyear,foundthattemperature
variationsaffectedarrivalanddeparturetimes—likewisehintingatthepotentialinfluenceof
climatechange.JoyO'Keefe,abiologyprofessoratIndianaStateUniversityandco-authorofthat
study,saysearlyarrivalattheirsummerhabitats(棲息地)couldexposethesebatstocold
snaps(寒流),andtheycouldfreezetodeath.
JoyO'Keefeandhercolleaguesalsofoundthatchangingbatmigrationtimescanalsoclash
withrainfallpatterns.Manyinsectsthatbatseatbreedinseasonallakesandpuddles.Ifthebats
arrivetooearlytobenefitfromsummerrainfallandtheresultingabundanceofinsectstheymay
struggletofeedtheirpups(幼崽)orskipreproductionaltogether,O'Keefesays.Shefearsthis
shiftcouldcauseMidwesternbatstodecreasetowardextinction,whichwouldbebadnewsfor
humans."Declinesinbatpopulationscouldhavesevereeffectsforcropsuccess,"shesays,
addingthatbatsalso"controlsignificantdiseasevectors,suchasmosquitoes."
However,scientistsarenotcertainthatclimatechangealoneiscausingtheBrackenCavebat
colonytomigrateearlier.Theyhavefoundadirectlinkbetweenseasonaltemperaturesandbird
migration,butbatsarealsoinfluencedbyfactorssuchaschangesinwindspeedanddirection.
Andthereareothercomplications."Batsaremysteriouslittleanimalsthatmovemostlyatnight
andaredifficulttoobserveandtrack,"Stepaniansays."Wehavethisconceptualpictureofwhat
mightbehappening,butreallytyingittothecauseisthenextstep."
(1)ScientistsatRothamstedResearchfoundthat.
A.batsprefercolderweatherB.batsdelaytheirreproduction
C.warmingaffectsbatmigrationD.radarcanbeusedtoobservebats
(2)JoyO'Keefediscoveredthat.
A.batsareusedtolivinginrainfallseasons
B.bats'earliermigrationmightharmfarming
C.insects'reproductionhelpstospreaddisease
D.insectsshortagemakesbatsreproduceearlier
(3)Whatdoesthelastparagraphwanttotellus?
A.Windspeedanddirectionaffectbats.B.Itisdifficulttoobserveandtrackbats.
C.Climatechangemakesbatsmigrateearlier.D.Furtherresearchonthecauseisnecessary.
(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.Bats'habitatsB.EndangeredbatsC.Bats*scheduleD.Bats,ourgoodfriends
【答案】(1)C
(2)B
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】
【點評】本文是一篇說明文,作者先提出蝙蝠遷徙提前的這種現(xiàn)象,然后分析了這種現(xiàn)象
可能導(dǎo)致的后果,最后分析了可能導(dǎo)致蝙蝠遷徙提前的原因。
(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Overwinteringisasignthatwarmertemperatures
changethebats'annualrhythms,RothamstedbiologistPhillipStepaniansays//羅斯泰德的生物
學家菲利普?斯捷潘尼安說,越冬是氣溫升高改變蝙蝠年度節(jié)律的一個標志,可知,蝙蝠越
冬的方式是一個跡象,這表明了氣溫上升改變了它們每年的遷徙規(guī)律。故選C。
(2)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Ifthebatsarrivetooearlytobenefitfromsummer
rainfallandtheresultingabundanceofinsects,theymaystruggletofeedtheirpups(幼崽)orskip
reproductionaltogether,O'Keefesays.ShefearsthisshiftcouldcauseMidwesternbatsto
decreasetowardextinction,whichwouldbebadnewsforhumans.''Declinesinbatpopulations
couldhavesevereeffectsforcropsuccess/shesays”奧基夫說,如果蝙蝠來得太早,無法從夏
季降雨和由此產(chǎn)生的大量昆蟲中獲益,它們可能難以喂養(yǎng)幼崽,或者完全跳過繁殖。她擔
心這種轉(zhuǎn)變可能會導(dǎo)致中西部蝙蝠走向滅絕,這對人類來說是個壞消息?!饠?shù)量的減少
可能對作物的成功產(chǎn)生嚴重影響,〃她說,可知,蝙蝠過早地遷徙會因為缺少食物,導(dǎo)致喂
養(yǎng)幼仔的困難,或者跳過繁殖期,這將導(dǎo)致蝙蝠數(shù)量減少,害蟲增加,從而對農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)生
影響。由此可知,喬伊?奧基夫發(fā)現(xiàn),蝙蝠過早的遷徙可能會危害農(nóng)業(yè)。故選B。
(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"However,scientistsarenotcertainthatclimate
changealoneiscausingtheBrackenCavebatcolonytomigrateearlier."然而,科學家們還不能
確定僅僅是氣候變化就導(dǎo)致了蕨類洞穴蝙蝠群落更早的遷徙;及"Batsaremysteriouslittle
animalsthatmovemostlyatnightandaredifficulttoobserveandtrack/'Stepaniansays.〃We
havethisconceptualpictureofwhatmightbehappening,butreallytyingittothecauseisthe
nextstep.〃斯捷潘尼安說:〃蝙蝠是神秘的小動物,大多在夜間活動,很難觀察和追蹤。
〃我們對可能發(fā)生的事情有一個概念性的描述,但真正將其與原因聯(lián)系起來還需要進一步的
研究。〃可推知,對蝙蝠遷徙提前的原因還需要進一步的研究。故選D。
(4)考查主旨大意。作者通過第一段中的"Butthebatshavebeenshowingupfarearlier
thantheydidtwodecadesago/但是蝙蝠出現(xiàn)的時間比20年前要早得多)提出蝙蝠遷徙提前
的這種現(xiàn)象,然后分析了這種現(xiàn)象可能導(dǎo)致的后果,最后分析了可能導(dǎo)致蝙蝠遷徙提前的
原因。由此可知,本文主要圍繞蝙蝠的遷徙時間變化展開介紹分析。由此可知選C。
【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解,推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查,是一篇科研類閱
讀,要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上,進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,進行分析,推
理,概括和歸納,從而選出正確答案。
6.閱讀理解
Genetechnologytobenefitpeople
Amongallthefastgrowingscienceandtechnology,theresearchofhumangenes,orbiological
engineeringaspeoplecallit,isdrawingmoreandmoreattentionnow.Sometimesitisahottopic
discussedbypeople.
Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoistocureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsat
presentcanalmostdonothingwith,suchascancerandheartdisease.Everyyear,millionsof
peoplearemurderedbythesetwokillers.Andtodate,doctorshavenotfoundaneffectiveway
tocurethem.Butifthegenetechnologyisapplied,notonlythesetwodiseasescanbecured
completely,bringinghappinessandmorelivingdaystothepatients,butalsothegreatamountof
moneypeoplespendoncuringtheirdiseasescanbesaved,thereforeitbenefitstheeconomyas
well.Inaddition,humanlifespan(壽命)canbeprolonged.
Genetechnologycanhelppeopletogivebirthtomorehealthyandcleverchildren.Some
families,withtheEnglishimperial皇室)familybeingagoodexample,havehereditary(遺傳的)
diseases.Thismeanstheirchildrenwillforsurehavethefamilydisease,whichisagreattrouble
forthesefamilies.Inthepast,doctorscoulddonothingabouthereditarydiseases.Butgene
technologycansolvethisproblemperfectly.Thescientistjustneedtofindthewronggeneand
correctitandahealthychildwillbeborn.
Somepeopleareworryingthatthegeneresearchcanbeusedtomanufacturehumanbeingsin
largequantities.Inthepastfewyears,scientistshavesucceededincloningasheep;therefore
thesepeoplepredictthathumanbabieswouldsoonbecloned.ButIbelieveclonedbabieswill
notcomeoutinlargequantities,formostcouplesintheworldcanhavebabiesinverynormal
way.Ofcourse,thegovernmentsmusttakecaretocontrolgenetechnology.
(1)Whatdoes"thesetwokillers"inthesecondparagraphreferto?
A.Genetechnologyandanothertreatmentofthetwodiseases.
B.Thetwomurdererswhokilledtheclonedbaby.
C.Thetwodiseasesofcancerandheartdisease.
D.Hereditarydiseasesandcancer.
(2)What'sthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?
A.Howgenetechnologycanbeappliedinthefieldoftreatinghereditarydiseases.
B.Genetechnologycanbeusedtoclonehumanbabies.
C.Genetechnologycanhelppeopletogivebirthofababy.
D.GenetechnologycanhelptheEnglishimperialfamilyout.
(3)Inwhatwaygenetechnologycanhelptotreathereditarydiseases?
A.Usinggenetechnology,peoplewithhereditarydiseasescanhavemorelivingdays.
B.Usinggenetechnology,scientistfindsthewronggeneandcorrectsit.
C.Usinggenetechnology,humanbabiescanbecloned.
D.Doctorscancurecancerandheartdiseasewiththehelpofgenetechnology.
(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofwritingthispassage?
A.Expressingthewriter'sideathatgenetechnologywillbenefitpeople
B.Tellingpeopletheadvantagesofgenetechnology
C.Tellingthereadersthatgenetechnologywillnotbenefitpeople
D.Explainingthatgenetechnologywillalsodoharmtothehumanity
【答案】(1)C
(2)A
(3)B
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了基因技術(shù),詳細講述了基因技術(shù)的好處。
(1)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的"Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoisto
cureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothingwith,suchascancerand
heartdisease.〃基因技術(shù)所能做的最偉大的事情就是治愈嚴重的疾病,而這些疾病是目前醫(yī)
生們幾乎無能為力的,比如癌癥和心臟病,及劃線詞所在句"Everyyear,millionsofpeople
aremurderedbythesetwokillers.”每年都有數(shù)百萬人被這兩名殺手殺害,可知,每年造成數(shù)
百萬人死亡的元兇就是癌癥和心臟病。由此可知,thesetwokillers指的是上文做的cancer
andheartdisease.故選Co
(2)考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第三段中的"Inthepast,doctorscoulddonothingabouthereditary
diseases.Butgenetechnologycansolvethisproblemperfectly.Thescientistjustneedtofindthe
wronggeneandcorrectitandahealthychildwillbeborn.“在過去,醫(yī)生對遺傳病無能為力。
但是基因技術(shù)可以完美地解決這個問題。科學家只需要找到錯誤的基因并加以糾正,一個
健康的孩子就會誕生??芍谌沃饕榻B了基因技術(shù)可以被應(yīng)用于治愈家族病。故選
Ao
(3)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Thescientistjustneedtofindthewronggeneand
correctit,andahealthychildwillbeborn”科學家只需要找到錯誤的基因和糾正它,和一個健康
的孩子將出生,可知,利用基因技術(shù),科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤的基因并加以糾正,這樣就可以治
愈家族病了。故選B。
(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)標題"Genetechnologytobenefitpeople”基因技術(shù)造福人類;及
最后一段中的“ButIbelieveclonedbabieswillnotcomeoutinlargequantities,formostcouples
intheworldcanhavebabiesinverynormalway.Ofcourse,thegovernmentsmusttakecareto
controlgenetechnology.〃但我相信克隆嬰兒不會大量出現(xiàn),因為世界上大多數(shù)夫婦可以用非
常正常的方式生育。當然,政府必須小心控制基因技術(shù),可知,文章主要表達作者了認為
基因技術(shù)將造福人類的觀點。故選A。
【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解,詞義猜測,推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查,是一
篇科技類閱讀,要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上,進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,進行
分析,推理,概括和歸納,從而選出正確答案。
7.閱讀理解
Atypicalchildplaysmanyroles,suchasfriend,neighbor,sonordaughter.Simplyreminding
childrenofthatfactcanleadtobetterproblem-solvingandmoreflexiblethinking,accordingto
newresearchfromDukeUniversity.
Betterproblem-solvingwasjustonepositivefindingofthestudy,saidleadauthorSarah
Gaither,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyandneuroscienceatDuke.Afterthinkingabouttheir
ownvariousidentities,childrenalsoshowedmoreflexiblethinkingaboutraceandothersocial
groupings-abehaviorthatcouldbevaluableinanincreasinglydiversesociety.
Inaseriesofexperiments,Gaitherandhercolleagueslookedat196children,ages6and7.In
anexperiment,onegroupofchildrenwasremindedthattheyhadvariousidentities,suchasson,
daughter,readerorhelper.Asecondgroupofchildrenwasremindedoftheirmultiplephysical
attributes,suchasamouth,armsandlegs.Allthechildrenthenneededtohandleafewtasks
Childrenwhowereremindedoftheirvariousidentitiesshowedstrongerproblem-solvingand
creativethinkingskills.Whenshownpicturesofabearstaringathoney-filledbeehive(蜂窩)high
upinatree,thesechildrenhadmorecreativeideasforhowthebearmightgetthehoney,such
asturningoverabowlsothatitbecameastool(凳子).Inotherwords,they
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