2023-2024學年江蘇省南京市六校聯(lián)合體高一下學期4月期中英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE2江蘇省南京市六校聯(lián)合體2023-2024學年高一下學期4月期中英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AEveryonehasuniqueneedsandpreferences,andindividualsleeprequirementsarenodifferent.However,theamountofsleepyouneedpernightismainlydeterminedbyyourage.Officialrecommendationsforthelengthofaperson’ssleeparebrokendownbyagegroup:Olderadults(65+):7–8hoursAdults(18–64years):7–9hoursTeenagers(14–17years):8–10hoursSchoolchildren(6–13years):9–11hoursPreschoolers(3–5years):10–13hours(includingnaps)Toddlers(1–2years):11–14hours(includingnaps)Infants(4–12months):12–15hours(includingnaps)Newborns(0–3months):14–17hoursHowever,somepeoplemightneedmoreorlesssleepthanisgenerallyrecommended,dependingonthefollowingfactors.GeneticmakeupYourgeneticsareanimportantfactorinhowmanyhoursofsleepyouneedpernight.Forexample,thosewithonespecificgeneticmutation(基因突變)needonlyaround6hours,whereaspeoplewithoutitrequireabout8hours,onaverage.SleepqualityThequalityofyoursleepcanalsoaffecthowmuchyouneed.Ifyoursleepqualityispoor,youmayfindthatyoustillfeeltiredaftergettingwhatshouldbeconsideredenough.Therefore,it’snotonlyimportanttofocusonsleepinglongenoughbutalsoonsleepingwellenough.Ifyouoftenfeellikeyouaren’tsleepingwellorareextremelytiredanddon’tknowwhy,it’sagoodideatocheckinwithyourhealthcareprovider.21.Whatisthemainreasonfortheamountofsleepweneedpernight?A.Sleepquality. B.Genetics. C.Ourage. D.Oureatinghabits.22.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Alltheschoolchildrenneedtosleepfor9to11hours.B.Ifyoufeeltired,pleaseconsultyourhealthcareprovider.C.Thosewithgeneticmutationonlyneedtosleeparound6hours.D.Duetopoorsleepquality,youfeeltiredthoughyou’vesleptenough.23.Wheredoesthispassagemostprobablycomefrom?A.Atravelbrochure. B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Afashionwebsite. D.Asportsnewspaper.〖答案〗21.C22.D23.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。短文介紹了不同年齡的睡眠時間長度。然而，有些人可能需要比通常建議的更多或更少的睡眠，這取決于以下因素?！?1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“However,theamountofsleepyouneedpernightismainlydeterminedbyyourage.”（然而，你每晚需要的睡眠時間主要取決于你的年齡。）可知，我們的年齡是我們每晚需要多少睡眠的主要原因。故選C項?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Sleepquality中的“Ifyoursleepqualityispoor,youmayfindthatyoustillfeeltiredaftergettingwhatshouldbeconsideredenough.”（如果你的睡眠質(zhì)量很差，你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)你在得到應(yīng)該被認為足夠的東西后仍然感到疲倦）可知，由于睡眠質(zhì)量差，你雖然睡得夠了，但還是覺得很累。故選D項?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Everyonehasuniqueneedsandpreferences,andindividualsleeprequirementsarenodifferent.However,theamountofsleepyouneedpernightismainlydeterminedbyyourage.”（每個人都有獨特的需求和偏好，個人的睡眠需求也沒有什么不同。然而，你每晚需要的睡眠時間主要取決于你的年齡。）和根據(jù)“However,somepeoplemightneedmoreorlesssleepthanisgenerallyrecommended,dependingonthefollowingfactors.”（然而，有些人可能需要比通常建議的更多或更少的睡眠，這取決于以下因素。）可知，短文主要來自健康雜志。故選B項。BWhenmysonRyanwassixyearsoldandinfirstgrade,histeacher,Nancy,talkedtohisclassaboutdevelopingcountriesandhowtheycouldhelppeople,particularlychildren,inotherpartsoftheworld.Sheexplainedthatbesidesnothavingtoysorenoughfood,someofthemdidn’tevenhavecleanwater.ForthesechildrensittingintheircomfortableclassroominKemptville,Ontario,theideaofchildrennothavinganytoys,orenoughfoodorwater,hadahugeimpact.Theprincipalhaddistributedalistthatshowedthecostsofbuyingsuppliesindevelopingcountries.Apennywouldbuyapencil,adollarahotmeal,twodollarsablanket.Seventydollarswouldbuyawell.WhenRyanheardpeoplediedbecausetheydidn’thavecleanwater,hewasdeeplyaffected.Hecamehomethatdayandinsistedheneededseventydollarsforclass.MarkandIdiscussedit,thenexplainedtoRyanthatseventydollarswasalotofmoney.Ifhewasreallyinterestedindoingsomething,however,hecouldearnit.Hehappilyagreed,soweputanoldcookietinontopoftherefrigeratorandstartedgivinghimchores.Hedidchoresfortheneighboursandhisgrandparents,too.Afterfourmonths,Ryanwasnearinghisgoal.InApril1998wewentforourmeetingwithWaterCan,aCanadiannonprofitorganizationprovidingcleanwatertopeopleindevelopingcountries.AndRyanbroughthiscookietinfullofmoney.Nicole,thedirector,andHelen,herassistant,thankedhimandtoldhimhowimportanthisdonationwas.Thentheytoldusitwouldcostalotmorethan$70tobuildawell—infact,itwouldcost$2,000.Ryanwasn’tconcernedandrepliedsimply,“That’sokay.I’lljustdomorechores!”NewsaboutwhatRyanwasdoinggotout,andsoonweweregettingcallsfromthemedia.WhentheOttawaCitizendidastoryonRyan’swell,webegantoreceivedonationsatleastonceaweek.PeoplefromalloverwerecatchingRyan’sdreamandwereinspiredtogive.24.WhatinspiredRyantohelpkidsindevelopingcountries?A.Parents’support. B.Ryan’swarmheart.C.Theprincipal’slist. D.Nancy’sexplanation.25.WhatdidRyandecidetodotohelpthekids?A.Heplannedtodonate70$toacharity.B.Heintendedtopayforawellforthekids.C.Hedesiredtopurchasehotsmealsforthekids.D.Hewantedtobuyblanketsandpencilsforthekids.26.WhathappenedaftertheOttawaCitizendidastoryonRyan’swell?A.Donationswerereceivedonceamonth.B.Peoplewereinspiredtogiveahelpinghand.C.Ryandidmorechoresanddonatedmoremoney.D.ThemediacalledRyanandhisfamilyfrequently.27.What’sthesuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Ryan’sWellofLife. B.AJointEffort.C.AWarm-heartedKid. D.KidsinNeed.〖答案〗24.D25.B26.B27.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹了加拿大男孩Ryan通過自己的努力幫助非洲小孩喝上干凈的水的故事?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Sheexplainedthatbesidesnothavingtoysorenoughfood,someofthemdidn’tevenhavecleanwater.ForthesechildrensittingintheircomfortableclassroominKemptville,Ontario,theideaofchildrennothavinganytoys,orenoughfoodorwater,hadahugeimpact.(她解釋說，除了沒有玩具或足夠的食物，他們中的一些人甚至沒有干凈的水。對于這些坐在安大略省肯普特維爾舒適教室里的孩子來說，孩子們沒有任何玩具，沒有足夠的食物或水的想法產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。)”可知，Ryan的老師Nancy對發(fā)展中國家的解釋激勵了他幫助發(fā)展中國家的孩子。故選D?！?5題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Seventydollarswouldbuyawell.WhenRyanheardpeoplediedbecausetheydidn’thavecleanwater,hewasdeeplyaffected.Hecamehomethatdayandinsistedheneededseventydollarsforclass.(70美元可以買一口井。當Ryan聽說有人因為沒有干凈的水而死亡時，他深受影響。那天他回到家，堅持說他需要70美元給班級。)”以及下文“WhentheOttawaCitizendidastoryonRyan’swell(當《渥太華公民報》報道Ryan的水井時)”可知，Ryan決定為孩子們買一口井。故選B?！?6題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“WhentheOttawaCitizendidastoryonRyan’swell,webegantoreceivedonationsatleastonceaweek.PeoplefromalloverwerecatchingRyan’sdreamandwereinspiredtogive.(當《渥太華公民報》報道瑞安的水井時，我們開始每周至少收到一次捐款。來自世界各地的人們受到鼓舞，紛紛伸出援手幫助Ryan實現(xiàn)他的夢想。)”可知，《渥太華公民報》報道了Ryan的水井后，人們受到鼓舞伸出援手。故選B。【27題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“WhenmysonRyanwassixyearsoldandinfirstgrade,histeacher,Nancy,talkedtohisclassaboutdevelopingcountriesandhowtheycouldhelppeople,particularlychildren,inotherpartsoftheworld.(當我的兒子Ryan六歲上一年級時，他的老師Nancy向全班同學講述了發(fā)展中國家以及它們?nèi)绾螏椭澜缙渌貐^(qū)的人們，尤其是兒童。)”可知，本文主要講的是六歲的孩子Ryan如何幫助發(fā)展中國家的人的故事。由下文可知，Ryan通過自己的努力幫助非洲孩子修建水井，讓他們喝上干凈水。A項“Ryan’sWellofLife.”最能概括本文主旨。故選A。CArtificialintelligence(AI)isshowingpromiseinearthquakeprediction,challengingthelong-heldbeliefthatitisimpossible.ResearchersattheUniversityofTexas,

Austin,havedevelopedanAIalgorithm(算法)thatcorrectlypredicted70%ofearthquakesaweekinadvanceduringatrialinChina

and

providedaccuratestrengthcalculationsforthepredictedearthquakes.Theresearchteambelievestheirmethodsucceededbecausetheystuckwitharelativelysimplemachinelearningapproach.TheAIwasprovidedwithasetofstatisticalfeaturesbasedontheteam’sknowledgeofearthquakephysics,andtheninstructedtotrainitselfusingafive-yeardatabaseofearthquakerecordings.

Oncetrained,theAIprovideditsprediction

bylisteningforsignsofincomingearthquakeswithinthebackgroundrumblings(隆隆聲)intheEarth.Thisworkisclearlyamilestonein

researchforAI-drivenearthquakeprediction.“Youdon’tseeearthquakescoming,”explainsAlexandrosSavvaidis,aseniorresearchscientistwholeadstheTexasSeismologicalNetworkProgram(TexNet).“It’samatterofmilliseconds,andtheonlythingyoucancontrolishowpreparedyouare.Evenwiththe70%

accuracy,that’sahugeresultandcouldhelpminimizeeconomicandhumanlossesandhasthepotentialtoremarkablyimproveearthquakepreparationworldwide.”Whileitisunknownwhetherthesameapproachwillworkatotherlocations,

theresearchersareconfidentthat

theirAIalgorithmcouldproducemoreaccuratepredictionsifusedinareaswithreliableearthquake

trackingnetworks.

ThenextstepistotestartificialintelligenceinTexas,sinceUT’sBureauTexNethas300earthquake

stationsandoversixyears

worthofcontinuousrecords,makingitanideallocationforthesepurposes.Eventually,theauthorshopetocombine

thesystemwithphysics-basedmodels.Thisstrategycouldproveespeciallyimportantwheredataispoor

orlacking.“Thatmaybealongwayoff,butmanyadvancessuchasthisone,takentogether,arewhatmovesscienceforward,”

concludes

ScottTinker,thebureau’sdirector.28.HowdoestheAIpredictearthquakes?A.Byidentifyingdatafromthesatellites.B.ByanalyzingbackgroundsoundsintheEarth.C.By

modelingdatabasedonearthquakerecordings.D.BymonitoringchangesintheEarth’smagneticfield.29.WhatdoesAlexandrosSavvaidis

intendtoshowinparagraph3?A.Thewaystoreducelossesinearthquakes.B.Theimportanceofpreparingforearthquakes.C.ThesignificanceofdevelopingtheAIprediction.D.ThelimitationofAIalgorithmsinearthquake

prediction.30.Whatdoesthefollow-upresearchfocuson?A.Conductingtestsindifferentlocations.B.ApplyingtheAIapproachtootherfields.C.BuildingmoreearthquakestationsinTexas.D.Enlargingthedatabasetotrainthecalculationaccuracy.31.Whichwordscanbestdescribetheearthquake-predicting

technology?A.Stablebutoutdated. B.Effectivebutcostly.C.Potentialandeconomical. D.Advanced

andpromising.〖答案〗28.B29.C30.A31.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了AI成功預測了地震發(fā)生。【28題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“TheAIwasprovidedwithasetofstatisticalfeaturesbasedontheteam’sknowledgeofearthquakephysics,andtheninstructedtotrainitselfusingafive-yeardatabaseofearthquakerecordings.

Oncetrained,theAIprovideditsprediction

bylisteningforsignsofincomingearthquakeswithinthebackgroundrumblings(隆隆聲)intheEarth.(人工智能根據(jù)團隊的地震物理知識獲得了一組統(tǒng)計特征，然后被指示使用五年的地震記錄數(shù)據(jù)庫進行自我訓練。經(jīng)過訓練后，人工智能通過在地球上隆隆作響的背景中傾聽即將到來的地震的跡象來提供預測)”可知，AI是通過分析地球的背景聲音來進行預測的。故選B項?！?9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thisworkisclearlyamilestonein

researchforAI-drivenearthquakeprediction……Evenwiththe70%

accuracy,that’sahugeresultandcouldhelpminimizeeconomicandhumanlossesandhasthepotentialtoremarkablyimproveearthquakepreparationworldwide.”(這項工作顯然是人工智能驅(qū)動地震預測研究的一個里程碑……即使有70%的準確率，這也是一個巨大的結(jié)果，有助于最大限度地減少經(jīng)濟和人員損失，并有可能顯著改善全球的地震準備工作)”可知，這項工作顯然是人工智能驅(qū)動地震預測研究中的一個里程碑。由此推知，AlexandrosSavvaidis旨在說明開發(fā)人工智能預測地震的重要性。故選C項?！?0題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“ThenextstepistotestartificialintelligenceinTexas,sinceUT’sBureauTexNethas300earthquake

stationsandoversixyears

worthofcontinuousrecords,makingitanideallocationforthesepurposes.(下一步是在得克薩斯州測試人工智能，因為UT的TexNet局有300個地震站和超過六年的連續(xù)記錄，使其成為實現(xiàn)這些目的的理想地點)”可知，研究人員接下來是在德克薩斯州測試人工智能，因為德州大學的地震監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡(luò)局擁有300個地震臺和超過六年的連續(xù)記錄，這使其成為這些目的的理想地點。由此可知，后續(xù)研究的關(guān)注點是在不同地點進行測試。故選A項?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thisworkisclearlyamilestonein

researchforAI-drivenearthquakeprediction”(這項工作顯然是人工智能驅(qū)動地震預測研究的一個里程碑)以及“Evenwiththe70%

accuracy,that’sahugeresultandcouldhelpminimizeeconomicandhumanlossesandhasthepotentialtoremarkablyimproveearthquakepreparationworldwide.(即使有70%的準確率，這也是一個巨大的結(jié)果，有助于最大限度地減少經(jīng)濟和人員損失，并有可能顯著改善全球的地震準備工作)”可知，AI

在地震預測方面的應(yīng)用是一個里程碑式的研究成果。該技術(shù)可以幫助減少經(jīng)濟和人力損失，并有望顯著改善全球地震預防工作。由此推知，該地震預測技術(shù)是富有開創(chuàng)性和前景很好的。故選D項。DArecentglobalstudy,whichsurveyed10,000youngpeoplefrom10countries,showedthatnearly60percentofthemwereextremelyworriedaboutthefuturestateoftheplanet.Thereportalsoshowedthatnearlyhalfoftherespondents(受訪者)saidthatsuchdistressaffectedthemdaily,andthree-quartersagreedwiththestatementthat“thefutureisfrightening.”This,andmanyotherstudies,showclearlythatclimatechangeisnotjustathreattotheenvironment.Italsoposesaveryrealthreattoourmentalhealth.Psychologistshaveclassifiedthesefeelingsofsadness,distress,andworryaboutthecurrentclimateemergencyaseco-anxiety.AccordingtotheClimatePsychologyAlliance,eco-anxietyisdefinedasthe“intensephysicalandmentaldiscomfortinresponsetodangerouschangesintheclimatesystem.”Eco-anxietydoesn’tjustaffectyoungpeople.Italsoaffectsresearcherswhoworkinclimateandecologicalscience,burdenedbytherealitydiscoveredintheirfindings,anditaffectsthepoorpeopleacrosstheglobe,whohopelesslybeartheharmfulimpactsofclimatebreakdown.Inrecentyears,we’veseenwildfirestearthroughCanadaandGreece,andsummerfloodsdestroyregionsinPakistanthatarehometonearly33millionpeople.Studieshaveshownthatthoseimpactedbyairpollutionandrisingtemperaturesaremorelikelytoexperiencementaldistress.Thecauseofthismentaldistressisabsolutelyexternal.AccordingtoCarolineHickman,aresearcheroneco-anxietyfromtheUniversityofBath,anyoneexperiencingtheseemotionsisdisplayingentirelynaturalandrationalreactionstotheclimatecrisis.Hersuggestion?Takeeco-anxietyasatoolforgood—asanemotionthatcanurgepeopletoactinprotectionofourplanet.Thisiswhy,in2024,wewillalsoseemorepeoplearoundtheworldjointhefightforclimatejusticeandapplyforjobsthatseeksustainabledevelopment.Eco-anxietyisnotsomethingwewilldefeatwiththerapy—wewillsolveitbytakingaction.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distress”inparagraph1mean?A.Shock. B.Anxiety. C.Fear. D.Anger.33.Whatiseco-anxietyaccordingtotheClimatePsychologyAlliance?A.Itisastrongreactiontothenaturaldisasters.B.Itisakindofmentaldiseasefortheyoungpeople.C.Itisaphysicalandmentaldiscomfortwhenwemeetdifficulties.D.Itisastrongphysicalandmentaldiscomfortforthedangerousclimatechanges.34.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph3?A.Theprocessofeco-anxiety. B.Theimpactofeco-anxiety.C.Thecausesofeco-anxiety. D.Thebenefitsofeco-anxiety.35.What’stheapproachtosolvingeco-anxietyaccordingtoCarolineHickman?A.Defeatitwithatherapy.B.Justwaitforagoodsolution.C.Jointhefightforclimatejustice.D.Useittourgepeopletoprotectourearth.〖答案〗32.B33.D34.B35.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。氣候變化不僅威脅我們所居住的環(huán)境，它還對我們的情緒健康構(gòu)成了非?，F(xiàn)實的威脅。本文主要介紹了“生態(tài)焦慮”，并分析了它的影響以及應(yīng)對策略?！?2題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Arecentglobalstudy,whichsurveyed10,000youngpeoplefrom10countries,showedthatnearly60percentofthemwereextremelyworriedaboutthefuturestateoftheplanet.(最近的一項全球研究對來自10個國家的10000名年輕人進行了調(diào)查，結(jié)果顯示，近60%的年輕人對地球的未來狀況極為擔憂。)”可知，調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，有近60%的年輕人對地球的未來狀況極為擔憂。劃線詞所在的名詞短語suchdistress

指的就是“這樣的擔憂”，故distress

與上文的worried詞義接近，意為“擔憂；焦慮”。故選B。【33題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“AccordingtotheClimatePsychologyAlliance,eco-anxietyisdefinedasthe“intensephysicalandmentaldiscomfortinresponsetodangerouschangesintheclimatesystem.”(根據(jù)氣候心理學聯(lián)盟（ClimatePsychologyAlliance）的說法，生態(tài)焦慮被定義為“對氣候系統(tǒng)危險變化的強烈身體和精神不適”。)”可知，生態(tài)焦慮指的是人們對于危險的氣候變化產(chǎn)生的一種強烈的身體和精神不適。故選D?！?4題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“Eco-anxietydoesn’tjustaffectyoungpeople.Italsoaffectsresearcherswhoworkinclimateandecologicalscience,burdenedbytherealitydiscoveredintheirfindings,anditaffectsthepoorpeopleacrosstheglobe,whohopelesslybeartheharmfulimpactsofclimatebreakdown.(生態(tài)焦慮不僅影響年輕人。它還影響了從事氣候和生態(tài)科學工作的研究人員，他們背負著調(diào)查結(jié)果中發(fā)現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)實，并影響了全球各地的窮人，他們無可救藥地承受著氣候崩潰的有害影響。)”可知，第3段主要討論了生態(tài)焦慮的影響。故選B?！?5題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容“AccordingtoCarolineHickman,aresearcheroneco-anxietyfromtheUniversityofBath,anyoneexperiencingtheseemotionsisdisplayingentirelynaturalandrationalreactionstotheclimatecrisis.Hersuggestion?Takeeco-anxietyasatoolforgood—asanemotionthatcanurgepeopletoactinprotectionofourplanet.(根據(jù)巴斯大學（UniversityofBath）研究生態(tài)焦慮的研究人員卡羅琳·希克曼（CarolineHickman）的說法，任何經(jīng)歷過這種情緒的人都會對氣候危機表現(xiàn)出完全自然和理性的反應(yīng)。她的建議？將生態(tài)焦慮作為一種有益的工具，作為一種情感，可以敦促人們采取行動保護我們的星球。)”可知，根據(jù)卡羅琳·希克曼的說法，解決生態(tài)焦慮的方法是用它來敦促人們保護我們的地球。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。OnanArcticisland,anenormousvault（保險庫）hasbeenbuiltdeepunderground.Likeanybankvault,itholdstreasures.____36____Thisvaultholdsseedsfromfoodcropsaroundtheworld.TheSvalbardGlobalSeedVaultisinNorway.Itisaseedbank,aplacetostoreandprotectseeds.Morethan800thousanddifferentseedsamplesresthere.Allaredriedandkeptintemperature-andmoisture-controlledconditions.____37____Manynationshavetheirownseedbanks,too.Onemainpurposeistomakesurethatevenifcropsfail,therewillstillbeseedsforfarmerstoplant.____38____Lossofdiversitycancauseproblems.ThatwasmadeclearinIrelandinthe1840s.Peoplegrewandatejustonekindofpotato,whichhadnodefensewhenadiseasestruck.Thepotatocropsfailed,andonemillionpeoplediedasaresult.Seedsholdinformationforscientists.____39____Theymightgrowintoplantsthatcanresistpestsanddisease.Theymightgrowwhereotherplantscan't.Eventheseedsofaninvasiveplantlikekudzuaresavedinseedbanks.Perhapsscientistswillfindouttheirusesomeday.Anationcommonlyhasmorethanoneseedbank.Still,abackupplanisagoodidea.Floods,fires,war,andotherdisasterscandestroystorehousesofpreciousseeds.____40____Theseedscomefromallovertheworld,andtheybelongtoeveryone,notjustonenation.A.Butyouwon'tfindpreciousjewelsormetalshere.B.That'swhytheSvalbardGlobalSeedVaultwascreated.C.Anothermainpurposeofseedbanksistoprotectdiversity.D.Theseedsofplantsthatarenolongerfarmedmaybeuseful.E.Theywillstillhaveseedstoplant,cropstogrow,andfoodtoeat.F.TheSvalbardGlobalSeedVaultisnicknamedtheDoomsdayVault.G.Thismeanstheairinthevaultstaysdryandthetemperatureisalwaysthesame.〖答案〗36.A37.G38.C39.D40.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了在北極的一個島嶼上的保險庫中存放著世界各地糧食作物的種子?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Likeanybankvault,itholdstreasures”（就像任何銀行保險庫一樣，這里存放著寶藏）根據(jù)下文“Thisvaultholdsseedsfromfoodcropsaroundtheworld.”（這個地窖存放著世界各地糧食作物的種子）可知，保險庫里沒有珍貴的珠寶或金屬，而是種子。故A選項“但你不會在這里找到珍貴的珠寶或金屬”切題。故選A項?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Allaredriedandkeptintemperature-andmoisture-controlledconditions.”（所有的都被干燥并保存在溫度和濕度控制的條件下）可知，選項承接上文說明溫度和濕度的問題，進一步解釋上文。故G選項“這意味著地窖里的空氣保持干燥，溫度始終保持不變”切題。故選G項?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Lossofdiversitycancauseproblems.”（多樣性的喪失會帶來問題）可知，保險庫的目的之一就是保護種子的多樣性。故C選項“種子庫的另一個主要目的是保護多樣性”切題。故選C項?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Theymightgrowintoplantsthatcanresistpestsanddisease.Theymightgrowwhereotherplantscan't.”（它們可能會長成能夠抵抗病蟲害的植物。它們可以生長在其他植物不能生長的地方。）可知，選項承接下文說明不再耕種的種子的作用。故D選項“不再耕種的植物的種子可能有用”切題。故選D項?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Floods,fires,war,andotherdisasterscandestroystorehousesofpreciousseeds.”（洪水、火災、戰(zhàn)爭和其他災難會摧毀儲存珍貴種子的倉庫）可知，這就是斯瓦爾巴群島全球種子庫建立的原因。故B選項“這就是斯瓦爾巴群島全球種子庫建立的原因”切題。故選B項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Asachild,I’dspententireafternoons___41___newworldsinmymindandgivinglifeto___42___inmystoriesIwishedcouldbemyfriends.I’dwrittenmyselfintomyfavoritestoriessoIcouldbepartofthem.Writingwasapartofme;itwaswhoIwas.However,inhighschoolI___43___withwriter’sblock.BythetimeIwasincollege,I’dstoppedwritingentirely,___44___thedreamremained.Iwantedto_____45_____anoveloneday.ItwasthenthatIreadaninterviewwiththeBelgianwriterAmélieNothomb.Shesaidshe’dgocrazyifshedidn’twrite;sheneededtodoittostay___46___.Herwordsmademefeel___47___.ShewastellingmethatIwasn’treallyawriter.OrsoIthought.Itriedagain,anditwaslikefeelingthesunonmyskin,orhearingsnowlightlyfall.Ihadn’trealizedit,butIhadn’treallybeenhappyuntilI___48___mypenagain.Writingwasinmybloodafterall.Finally,half-hours___49___towritingstretchedintohours.Before,IhadbeenupsetallthetimebecauseIdidn’tadvancemywritingprojects.Now,everydaywasastepforward,andIwas____50____withit.Oneday,Iwasreadingastoryinalibrary.____51____,anideahitmethatIwantedtosubmit(提交)afewstories.Ididn’tdoitinthehopestheywouldgetpublished.Andthen,something____52____happened.ThefirststoryIsubmittedwaschosenforpublication!WhenIgotthee-mail,Iwaswildwithjoyand____53____aroundmykitchentable.Thatmoment____54____methatImustkeepwriting—notbecauseI’llgo____55____，butbecauseIwanttokeepbeingcrazilyhappylikethat.41.A.creating B.defending C.shocking D.changing42.A.species B.images C.residents D.characters43.A.argued B.disagreed C.armed D.struggled44.A.asif B.eventhough C.dueto D.sothat45.A.read B.buy C.donate D.publish46.A.connected B.quiet C.awake D.polite47.A.scared B.upset C.curious D.delighted48.A.pickedup B.pickedout C.brokeout D.brokedown49.A.contributed B.devoted C.led D.attached50.A.satisfied B.strict C.angry D.concerned51.A.Frequently B.Typically C.Suddenly D.Hopefully52.A.amazing B.ordinary C.difficult D.boring53.A.hung B.danced C.turned D.looked54.A.instructed B.directed C.informed D.taught55.A.crazy B.blank C.wrong D.bankrupt〖答案〗41.A42.D43.D44.B45.D46.C47.B48.A49.B50.A51.C52.A53.B54.D55.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。短文敘述了作者寫作的過程，【41題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當我還是個孩子的時候，我花了整個下午的時間在我的腦海中創(chuàng)造新的世界，給我的故事中的人物賦予生命，我希望他們能成為我的朋友。A.creating創(chuàng)造；B.defending防御；C.shocking使震驚；D.changing改變。根據(jù)上文“Asachild”以及“newworldsinmymind”可知，作者花了整個下午的時間在自己的腦海中創(chuàng)造新的世界。故選A項?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當我還是個孩子的時候，我花了整個下午的時間在我的腦海中創(chuàng)造新的世界，給我的故事中的人物賦予生命，我希望他們能成為我的朋友。A.species物種；B.images印象；C.residents居民；D.characters人物。根據(jù)下文“inmystories”可知，作者給故事中的人物賦予生命。故選D項?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，在高中的時候，我遇到了寫作瓶頸。A.argued爭論；B.disagreed不同意；C.armed武裝；D.struggled掙扎。根據(jù)上文“However,”可知，作者在寫作上遇到了瓶頸。故選D項?！?4題詳析】考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意：到我上大學的時候，我完全停止了寫作，盡管我的夢想還在。A.asif好像；B.eventhough即使；C.dueto由于；D.sothat以致于。根據(jù)句意可知，前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選B項?！?5題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我想有一天出版一本小說。A.read讀；B.buy買；C.donate捐贈；D.publish出版。根據(jù)下文“getpublished”可知，作者想出版一本小說。故選D項?！?6題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她需要這么做來保持清醒。A.connected連接的；B.quiet安靜的；C.awake醒著的；D.polite禮貌的。根據(jù)上文“Shesaidshe’dgocrazyifshedidn’twrite”可知，寫作能讓她保持清醒，不寫作讓她瘋狂。故選C項。【47題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她的話使我心煩意亂。A.scared害怕的；B.upset心煩意亂的；C.curious好奇的；D.delighted高興的。根據(jù)下文“ShewastellingmethatIwasn’treallyawriter.”可知，作者心煩意亂。故選B項?！?8題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我沒有意識到這一點，但直到我再次拿起筆，我才真正感到快樂。A.pickedup撿起；B.pickedout挑選出；C.brokeout爆發(fā)；D.brokedown崩潰。根據(jù)上文“happy”可知，再次拿起筆讓作者快樂。故選A項?！?9題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，花在寫作上的半小時變成了幾個小時。A.contributed促成；B.devoted投入(時間、精力等)；C.led引領(lǐng)；D.attached系上，貼上。根據(jù)下文“stretchedintohours”可知，花在寫作上的半小時變成了幾個小時。故選B項。【50題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，每一天都是向前邁進一步，我很滿意。A.satisfied滿意的；B.strict嚴格的；C.angry憤怒的；D.concerned相關(guān)的。根據(jù)上文“everydaywasastepforward”可知，每一天都是向前邁進一步，作者很滿意。故選A項。【51題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，我有了一個想法，我想提交一些故事。A.Frequently頻繁地；B.Typically典型地；C.Suddenly突然地；D.Hopefully有希望地。根據(jù)上文“Oneday,Iwasreadingastoryinalibrary”以及“wantedtosubmit(提交)afewstories”可知，突然，作者有了一個想法。故選C項?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，神奇的事情發(fā)生了。A.amazing神奇的；B.ordinary普通的；C.difficult困難的；D.boring令人厭煩的。根據(jù)下文“ThefirststoryIsubmittedwaschosenforpublication!”可知，一個突然的想法導致了自己的作品出版了，所以神奇的事情發(fā)生了。故選A項?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當我收到這封電子郵件時，我欣喜若狂，圍著廚房的桌子跳舞。A.hung懸掛；B.danced跳舞；C.turned轉(zhuǎn)向；D.looked看。根據(jù)上文“Iwaswildwithjoy”可知，作者圍著廚房的桌子跳舞。故選B項?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：那一刻教會了我，我必須繼續(xù)寫作——不是因為我會發(fā)瘋，而是因為我想保持那種瘋狂的快樂。A.instructed指示；B.directed給……指路；C.informed告知；D.taught教授。根據(jù)語境可知，作者的作品出版了，所以那一刻教會了作者必須繼續(xù)寫作。故選D項?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那一刻教會了我，我必須繼續(xù)寫作——不是因為我會發(fā)瘋，而是因為我想保持那種瘋狂的快樂。A.crazy瘋狂的；B.blank空白的；C.wrong錯誤的；D.bankrupt破產(chǎn)的。根據(jù)下文“beingcrazily”可知，不是因為作者會發(fā)瘋，而是因為作者想保持那種瘋狂的快樂。故選A項。第二節(jié)語篇填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。The___56___(tradition)Chinesesolarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms.The24solarterms,___57___(determine)bychangesinthesun’spositioninthezodiacduringtheyear,werefirstusedinChinaandnowarefollowedinmanyotherpartsoftheworld.InChina,the24solarterms___58___(create)thousandsofyearsagotoguideagriculturalproduction.RainWaterthisyearstarts___59___Feb19andendsonMar4.RainWater___60___(signal)theincreaseinrainfallandriseintemperature.Withitsarrival,livelyspring-likescenerystartsblossoming.RainWateris___61___(common)regardedasthebesttimeoftheyeartoeatfreshbambooshoots.AndaccordingtotheBookofSongs,thecookingofbambooshootsinChinadatesbacktoover2,000yearsago.Accordingto___62___oldChinesesaying,therainfallinspringisaspreciousasoil.InnorthernChina,thespring___63___(dry)iscommonandtherainfallofthisseasonisreallylow,___64___accountsforonly10to15percentofannualaveragerainfall.Therefore,RainWaterisconsideredasakeyperiodforirrigation(灌溉)whenthedaygets____65____(warm)andrainfallincreases.〖答案〗56.traditional57.determined58.werecreated59.on60.signals61.commonly62.an63.drought64.which65.warmer【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了24節(jié)氣中的“雨水”?！?6題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：中國傳統(tǒng)的陽歷將一年分為24個節(jié)氣。形容詞traditional作定語修飾名詞。故填traditional。【57題詳析】考查非謂語。句意：4節(jié)氣由一年中太陽在黃道帶上位置的變化決定?？仗帪榉侵^語動詞，The24solarterms與determine為被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞作定語。故填determined?！?8題詳析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：在中國，24節(jié)氣是幾千年前為指導農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)而創(chuàng)造的。根據(jù)“thousandsofyearsago”可知，為一般過去時，主語與謂語為被動關(guān)系。故填werecreated。【59題詳析】考查介詞。句意：今年的“雨水”活動從2月19日開始，到3月4日結(jié)束。在具體的某一天用介詞on。故填on。【60題詳析】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：雨水預示著降雨量的增加和氣溫的上升。本句在陳述事實，為一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為單數(shù)，謂語為單數(shù)signals。故填signals?！?1題詳析】考查副詞。句意：雨水通常被認為是一年中吃新鮮竹筍的最佳時間。副詞commonly作狀語修飾動詞。故填commonly?！?2題詳析】考查冠詞。句意：中國有句古話，“春雨貴如油”。泛指一句話，用冠詞修飾可知名詞saying，且old首字母的發(fā)音為元音音素。故填an?！?3題詳析】考查名詞。句意：在中國北方，春季干旱是常見的，這個季節(jié)的降雨量非常少，只占年平均降雨量的10%到15%。設(shè)空處為主語，應(yīng)用名詞drought。故填drought?！?4題詳析】考查關(guān)系代詞。句意：在中國北方，春季干旱是常見的，這個季節(jié)的降雨量非常少，只占年平均降雨量的10%到15%。先行詞為therainfallofthisseason，空處作非限制性定語從句的主語，關(guān)系代詞為which。故填which?！?5題詳析】考查比較級。句意：因此，雨水被認為是灌溉的關(guān)鍵時期，此時天氣變暖，降雨