2024年高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)主題詞匯 人與動(dòng)植物

話題十四人與動(dòng)植物

第一部分話題詞匯積累

單詞&短語(yǔ)

1.dinosaurn.______________2.trunkn----------------------

3.troublesomeadj.______________.4.mushroomn.______________

5.twistv.______________6.squirreln.______________

7.ultimateadj.______________8.unconditionaladj.-----------------

9.undergov.______________lO.uneasyadj.______________

11.unrestn.______________12.vacantadj.______________

13.batn.______________14.variation______________

15.habitatn.______________16.evolutionn.______________

17.trademarkn.______________18.transformv.______________

19.transparentadj.2O.tragedyn._____________

21.violatev.______________22.underwearn.____________

23.victimn.______________24.vanishv.____________

25.vehiclein._____________

26adj.傳統(tǒng)的；慣例的

27翻譯；譯文；轉(zhuǎn)化;調(diào)任

28n.金銀財(cái)寶；財(cái)富；財(cái)產(chǎn)；珍品

______________y珍視

29.adj.典型的；有代表性的；象征性的

30.n.雨傘；保護(hù)傘；庇護(hù)；傘形結(jié)構(gòu)

31.adj.未料到的；意外的；想不到的

32.adj.不公平的；不公正的

33.adj.不幸的令人遺憾的；不成功的

34.adv.不情愿地；勉強(qiáng)地

35.v.更新；校正；修正；使現(xiàn)代化

36.adj.難過(guò)的；心煩的；混亂的；弄翻的

37.adj.迫切的；緊急的；急迫的

38.adj.有價(jià)值的；貴重的；可估價(jià)的

39.adv.毋庸置疑地；確實(shí)地

40.v.揭開(kāi)；揭露；發(fā)現(xiàn)

41.n.家庭教師；導(dǎo)師；助教；（尤指音樂(lè)）課本

42.n.&v.貿(mào)易；交易

43.n.暴力；暴行；侵犯；激烈；歪曲

44.n.運(yùn)輸；運(yùn)載工具；運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)；流放

45.n.美德；德行；優(yōu)點(diǎn)；貞操；功效

46.adj.難以置信的；不可信的

47.inviewof_______________________

48.各種各樣的

49.varyfromhourtohour________________________

50.徒勞；白辛苦

51.休假_______________________

52.充分利用_______________________

53.對(duì)......是獨(dú)有的

54.學(xué)生會(huì)

55.makeoneselfunderstood_______________________

56._______________________在建設(shè)中

57.沒(méi)有意識(shí)到_______________________

58.輪流；依次做某事

59..到達(dá)；出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；使仰臥

60.調(diào)低；拒絕；減小，關(guān)小

61.migrationpattern_______________________

62.growthstage_______________________

詞匯拓展

Ltypicaladj.典型的；有代表性的；一貫的；平常的；不出所料；特有的

Theelderlymanmaynotbe,buthespeaksforasignificantbodyofopinion.

這位老人也許并沒(méi)有代表性，但他所說(shuō)的話卻代表著相當(dāng)一部分人的觀點(diǎn)。

TheweatheratthemomentisnotforJuly.

現(xiàn)在的天氣并不是七月份常有的。

Aworkingdayformebeginsat7:30.我的工作日一般在7:30開(kāi)始。

2.turnup（常指出其不意地或經(jīng)長(zhǎng)久等待后）出現(xiàn)，到來(lái)，露面；找出；發(fā)現(xiàn)；注意到；出現(xiàn)；開(kāi)大，調(diào)高（收音機(jī)、

暖氣等）

Helate.他遲到了。

Investigationshaveneveranyevidence.調(diào)查從沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)任何證據(jù)。

Ican*theartheradioverywell.Couldyouitabit?

收音機(jī)我聽(tīng)不太清楚，你把聲音開(kāi)大點(diǎn)行嗎？

【聯(lián)想】turnto翻到；轉(zhuǎn)向；變成；求助于，求教于

turnover翻身，翻轉(zhuǎn)；把……移交；換頻道；營(yíng)業(yè)額達(dá)

turnout結(jié)果是，證明是；到場(chǎng)，出席；出來(lái)；制造

turnoff關(guān)掉；使厭煩

turninto成為；翻譯

turnin交上去；告發(fā)；上床睡覺(jué)

turnback返回；往回走；阻擋；翻回到

turnround轉(zhuǎn)身；調(diào)頭；轉(zhuǎn)向另一面；使好轉(zhuǎn)

turnagainst轉(zhuǎn)而反對(duì)；與...反目

turnabout轉(zhuǎn)身，向后轉(zhuǎn)

turnon打開(kāi)；攻擊

活學(xué)活用

一、閱讀下列句子，在空白處填入1個(gè)單詞或用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.Aroncouldn'tspeakPolish.Imademyself(understand)withdifficulty.

2.1(wait)foranhourandhestillhasn'tturnedup.

3.Fastmask-changingisuniqueSichuanOperaperformance.

4.1findunbelievablethatpeoplecanacceptthissortofbehaviour.

5.Allkindsof(tradition)craftindustriesarepreservedhere.

二、翻譯句子

1.1readhisarticleagainandagain,tryinghardtounderstandwhathewasdrivingatbutinvain.

2.在我們班，我們輪流做值日?qǐng)?bào)告。(taketurns)

3.建設(shè)中的那幢建筑物是一個(gè)公共圖書(shū)館。(underconstruction)

4.既然你有了這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，你可以充分地利用它了。(makeuseof)

參考答案

單詞&短語(yǔ)

1.恐龍2.樹(shù)干；皮箱；象鼻3.麻煩的；棘手的4.蘑菇5.彎曲；扭曲6.松鼠7.最后的；最終的8.無(wú)條件的9.經(jīng)歷；

忍受10.不自在的；憂慮的11.動(dòng)蕩；不安12.空的；空缺的13.蝙蝠14.變化；差別15棲息地16.進(jìn)化17.商標(biāo)18.

使變形；使改變19.透明的20.不幸；悲劇21.違反（法律等）;擾亂22.襯衣；內(nèi)衣23.犧牲品；受害者24.突然不見(jiàn)25.

車(chē)輛；運(yùn)載工具26.traditional27.translation28.treasure29.typical30.umbrella31.unexpected32.unfair

33.unfortunate34.unwillingly35.update36.upset37.urgent38.valuable39.undoubtedly40.uncover41.tutor

42.trade43.violence44.transportation45.virtue46.unbelievable47.鑒于；考慮到48.avarietyof/varietiesof49.時(shí)刻都在變

化50.invain51.take/haveavacation52.makefulluseof53.beuniqueto54.theStudents'Union55.把自己的意思說(shuō)清楚

56.underconstruction57.beunconsciousof58.dosth.byturns/inturn;taketurnstodosth.59.tumup6O.tumdown61.遷徙

模式62.生長(zhǎng)階段

詞匯拓展

1.typical;typical;typical

2.turnedupturnedup;tumed;up

活學(xué)活用

——、1.understood2.havebeenwaiting3.to4.it5.traditional

二、1.我把他的文章讀了一遍又一遍，但對(duì)他的意圖仍百思不解。

2.1nourclass,wetaketurnstodothedutyreport.

3.Thebuildingunderconstructionisapubliclibrary.

4.Nowthatyou'vegotachance,youmightaswellmakefulluseofit

第二部分話題閱讀訓(xùn)練

（A）閱讀理解

Kidseverywherelovetoplay.Andtheyknowaballisaperfectthingtoplaywith.NowscientistsatLondon'sQueen

MaryUniversityreportthatbumblebeesseemtoknowthesamething,makingbumblebeesthefirstinsectsknowntoplay.

Whenpeopletalkabout"play”,they'redescribingananimaldoingsomethingthatdoesn'treallyseemtohelpit.

They'renotdoingtheactiontogetfoodorshelteroranothersimilar“reward”.Playusuallyhappenswhenacreatureis

relaxedandisoftenrepeated.

However,scientiststhinkmanyanimalsandbirds'playingisakindoftrainingforthingsthey'llhavetodealwithin

laterlife.Butbeforethis,therewerenoreportsofinsectsplaying.

ScientistsatDr.Chittka'slab,carriedoutanexperiment.First,theytagged（貝占標(biāo)簽）45youngbumblebees,bothmale

andfemale,between1and23daysold.Thetagsmadethebeeseasiertoidentifyandfollow.

Thescientistssetupaclearpathwayfromthebumblebees9nesttoafeedingarea.Oneithersideoftheopenpathway,

theresearchersplacedsmallcoloredwoodenballs.Ononesideofthepath,theballswereattachedandcouldn'tmove.On

theotherside,theballscouldrollaround.Itturnedoutthatthebumblebeesweren'tinterestedintheunmovableballs,but

theymadelotsofvisitstotherollingballs.

Grabbingtheballswiththeirlegs,thebeeswouldflap（拍打）theirwingstopullontheballs,causingthemtoroll.The

45taggedbumblebeesrolledballs910timesduringtheexperiment.Thoughsomeonlydiditonce,othersdiditalot.The

youngerbumblebeesspentmoretimerollingballs.Malesseemedmorelikelytoplaythanfemales.

“It'snotclearwhythebeesrolltheballsorwhethertheyenjoyitButtheexperimentraisesimportantquestionsabout

howtheinsects5mindsworkandwhethertheyhavefeelings.Withfurtherresearch,thefuturewillholdsurprisesand

answersinstoreforus,“saidDr.Chittka.

1.Whatisthepurposeofanimals5playaccordingtoscientists?

A.Tofindidealshelter.

B.Toreceiveextrarewards.

C.Todevelopsurvivalskills.

D.Togettheirfellows9attention.

2.WhatdidDr.Chittka'sexperimentfocuson?

A.Bumblebees?categories.B.Bumblebees5habitats.

C.Bumblebees,intelligence.D.Bumblebees?behavior.

3.Whatwastheresultoftheexperiment?

A.Youngermalebumblebeespreferredtorolltheballs.

B.Bumblebeespossesseddifferentwingbeatfrequency.

C.Bumblebeescoulddistinguishballsofdifferentcolors.

D.Aspecially-builtpathwayhelpedbumblebeesfindfood.

4.WhatisDr.Chittka'sattitudetotheirfutureresearch?

A.Uncertain.B.Doubtful.C.Optimistic.D.Critical.

【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。各地的孩子都愛(ài)玩。他們知道球是玩的完美的東西。文章介紹了現(xiàn)在倫敦瑪麗女王大學(xué)

的科學(xué)家們報(bào)告說(shuō)，大黃蜂似乎也知道同樣的事情，這使大黃蜂成為已知的第一個(gè)會(huì)玩的昆蟲(chóng)。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中"However,scientiststhinkmanyanimalsandbirds9playingisakindoftrainingforthings

they，11havetodealwithinlaterlife."（然而，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，許多動(dòng)物和鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的玩耍是一種訓(xùn)練，以便它們?cè)谝院蟮?/p>

生活中應(yīng)對(duì)問(wèn)題。）可知，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為動(dòng)物玩耍的目的是培養(yǎng)生存技能。故選C項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“ScientistsatDr.Chittka?slab,carriedoutanexperiment.First,theytagged45young

bumblebees,bothmaleandfemale,between1and23daysold.Thetagsmadethebeeseasiertoidentifyandfollow.^^

（Chittka博士實(shí)驗(yàn)室的科學(xué)家們進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。首先，他們標(biāo)記了45只1至23天大的小大黃蜂，有雄有雌。這

些標(biāo)簽使蜜蜂更容易被識(shí)別和跟蹤。）根據(jù)最后一段“It，snotclearwhythebeesrolltheballsorwhethertheyenjoyit”

（目前尚不清楚蜜蜂為什么會(huì)滾動(dòng)這些球）可知，Chittka博士的實(shí)驗(yàn)關(guān)注的是大黃蜂的行為。故選D項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中"Theyoungerbumblebeesspentmoretimerollingballs.Malesseemedmorelikelytoplay

thanfemales/5（年輕的大黃蜂花更多的時(shí)間滾球。雄性似乎比雌性更喜歡玩。）可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)年輕的雄性大

黃蜂更喜歡滾球。故選A項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Withfurtherresearch,thefuturewillholdsurprisesandanswersinstoreforus,“saidDr.

Chittka."（隨著進(jìn)一步的研究，未來(lái)將為我們帶來(lái)驚喜和答案，"Chittka博士說(shuō)。）故可推知，Chittka博士對(duì)他們

未來(lái)的研究持樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。

（B）完形填空

Peopleholdgeneralbeliefthatbirdswillflysouthinwinter.Butnotallbirdsdosotoescapethe56andsettle

somewhereniceandwarm.Manyofourfeatheredfriendsactually57andtrytolivethroughthehardtime.

Theywillfacegreater58whentemperaturesdropwellbeyondthefreezingpoint.Itwasagainstthis

backgroundthata59aboutrescuingalittlesparrowtookplace.

Thepoorbirdwascaughtoff-guardbythefreezingtemperaturesandhaditself60onthemetalpipingnexttoa

waterheater.

61,amanbythenameofNelsonWilson62thefrightenedbird.Whenhehurriedtoseewhatwas

happening,hesawit63desperatelyanddecidedtodosomethingtohelpitout.

“WhenIwentover,I64thebirdwhichwasglueddowntothepipeandcouldn'tflyaway,“Wilson65

“Thelittlebirdmostlikely66todrinksomewaterbecauseitisnot67forbirdstodrinkfromtheheated

tankinwinter.Butunfortunately,itsfeetgot68fromthewaterandfrozeintothemetalpiping.SoI69

towarmthefeetofthefrightenedbirdbypressingmypalm（手掌）againstboththe70andthebird*sfeet.”

Butthe71didnotgivehimwhathewanted.Then,Wilsonstarted72blowingwarmaironthebird

to73itsfragilefeetandmakethemgetwarmearlier.Afterseveralminutes,hiswarmingthebird'sfeetwithhis

warm74broughtsuccess.Thebirdwasfinallyableto75itspreviouslyfrozenfeet.Itwassaved!

56.A.siteB.enemyC.diseaseD.cold

57.A.staybehindB.stepforwardC.takeofD.comeout

58.A.failureB.dilemmaC.dangerD.truth

59.A.ripB.storyC.taskD.meeting

60.A.lostB.bathedC.confusedD.trapped

61.A.HopefullyB.ThankfullyC.SuddenlyD.Strangely

62.A.foundB.acceptedC.seizedD.heard

63.A.lyimgB.waitingC.strugglingD.hunting

64.A.treatedB.noticedC.obtainedD.pushed

65.A.explainedB.concludedC.predictedD.added

66.A.refusedB.hesitatedC.stoppedD.learnt

67.A.inconvenientB.harmlessC.practicalD.uncommon

68.A.stickyB.wetC.slipperyD.heavy

69.A.attemptedB.managedC.agreedD.expected

70.A.pipeB.iceC.waterD.feather

71.A.challengeB.approachC.advantageD.attention

72.A.casuallyB.eventuallyC.gentlyD.accidentally

73.A.observeB.pullC.recognizeD.protect

74.A.breathB.coatC.armD.chest

75.A.feelB.seeC.moveD.drop

答案：56.D57.A58.C59.C60.D61.B62.A63.C64.B65.A66.C67.C68.A69.A70.A71.B

72.C73.D74.A75.C

【分析】

本文為一篇記敘文。文章講述了NelsonWilson營(yíng)救被困在凍住的金屬管上的小麻雀的故事。

56.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但并不是所有的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)都這樣做是為了躲避寒冷，并在溫暖舒適的地方定居。A.site

場(chǎng)所；B.enemy敵人；C.disease疾病；D.cold寒冷。根據(jù)"settlesomewhereniceandwarm”可知，不是所有的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)

都會(huì)向南遷移躲避寒冷。故選D項(xiàng)。

57.考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我們的許多長(zhǎng)著羽毛的朋友實(shí)際上會(huì)留下來(lái)，試圖度過(guò)這段艱難的時(shí)光。A.staybehind

留下來(lái)；B.stepforward向前；C.takeof利用；D.comeout出版。根據(jù)"Butnotallbirdsdosotoescapethe1

andsettlesomewhereniceandwarm.”可知，有一些鳥(niǎo)會(huì)留下來(lái)度過(guò)寒冬。故選A項(xiàng)。

58.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)溫度下降到遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)冰點(diǎn)時(shí)，它們將面臨更大的危險(xiǎn)。A.failure失敗；B.dilemma

兩難；C.danger危險(xiǎn)；D.truth真相。根據(jù)"whentemperaturesdropwellbeyondthefreezingpoint”可知，當(dāng)溫度降到

冰點(diǎn)以下很多時(shí)，鳥(niǎo)兒們會(huì)遇到更大的危險(xiǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。

59.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：正是在這樣的背景下，一項(xiàng)營(yíng)救一只小麻雀的任務(wù)發(fā)生了。A.rip撕裂口；B.story

故事；C.task任務(wù)；D.meeting會(huì)議。根據(jù)"aboutrescuingalittlesparrow”可知，營(yíng)救一只小麻雀是一項(xiàng)任務(wù)。故選

C項(xiàng)。

60.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這只可憐的小鳥(niǎo)被冰凍的溫度嚇得措手不及，卡在熱水器旁邊的金屬管道上。A.lost

丟失；B.bathed沐??；C.confused使困惑；D.trapped卡住。根據(jù)"Thepoorbirdwascaughtoff-guardbythefreezing

temperatures”可知,小鳥(niǎo)被卡住了。故選D項(xiàng)。

61.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幸好，一個(gè)叫尼爾森?威爾遜的人發(fā)現(xiàn)了這只受驚的鳥(niǎo)。A.Hopefully有希望地；B.

Thankfully幸好；C.Suddenly突然；D.Strangely奇怪地。根據(jù)"amanbythenameofNelsonWilson6the

lightenedbird”可知，幸好小鳥(niǎo)被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。故選B項(xiàng)。

62.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.accepted接受；C.seized抓住；D.heard聽(tīng)到。根據(jù)“Whenhe

hurriedtoseewhatwashappening”可知，NelsonWilson發(fā)現(xiàn)了這只鳥(niǎo)。故選A項(xiàng)。

63.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他趕去看發(fā)生了什么事時(shí)，他看到它在拼命地掙扎，于是決定做些什么來(lái)幫助它。

A.lying躺；B.waiting等待；C.struggling掙扎；D.hunting捕獵。根敏'desperately”及上文描寫(xiě)小鳥(niǎo)被困住可知，

鳥(niǎo)兒應(yīng)該在掙扎想要逃脫。故選C項(xiàng)。

64.

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“當(dāng)我走過(guò)去的時(shí)候，我注意到那只鳥(niǎo)被粘在了水管上，飛不走了，”威爾遜解釋說(shuō)。

A.treated對(duì)待；B.noticed注意到；C.obtained獲得；D.pushed推。根據(jù)"amanbythenameofNelsonWilson6

thefiightenedbird”可知，NelsonWilson注意到這只鳥(niǎo)被粘在水管上。故選B項(xiàng)。

65.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.explained解釋?zhuān)籅.concluded得出結(jié)論；C.predicted預(yù)測(cè)；D.added添加。

根據(jù)前后文NelsonWilson所說(shuō)可知，此處為他在解釋發(fā)現(xiàn)鳥(niǎo)及解救鳥(niǎo)的過(guò)程。故選A項(xiàng)。

66.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：小鳥(niǎo)很可能停下來(lái)喝水，因?yàn)樵诙?，鳥(niǎo)兒從加熱的水箱里喝水是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。A.refused

拒絕；B.hesitated猶豫；C.stopped停止；D.learnt學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)“todrinksomewater”可知，NelsonWilson推測(cè)，小鳥(niǎo)

停下來(lái)喝水，因此被困住了。故選C項(xiàng)。

67.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.inconvenient不方便的；B.harmless無(wú)害的；C.practical實(shí)際的；D.uncommon

不常見(jiàn)的。根據(jù)“inwinter”可以推測(cè)，冬天從熱水箱里喝水是不實(shí)際的。故選C項(xiàng)。

68.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但不幸的是，它的腳被水粘住了，凍在了金屬管道里。A.sticky粘的；