13.病毒的危害及其預(yù)防(原卷版)

13.病毒的危害及其預(yù)防一、閱讀理解1Stomachfluisoneofthemostunpleasantofacommonillness.Itspreadseasily.That’sespeciallytrueifsomeoneinyourfamilyhasit.Aviruscancausestomachflu,butnotthesameonethatcausescommonflu.There’snomedicinetomakeitgoawayatonce.Buttherearesomethingsyoucandotostopcatchingit.Youcanstopstomachflubywashingyourhandsoften.Usehotwaterandsoaptowashyourhands.Usingsoapisbetterthanusingnothing,butitdoesn’tworkverywellagainststomachflu.That’sbecausesoapcan’tkillviruscompletely.Thevirusthatcausesstomachfluishardtokill.Normalcleaners(清潔劑)won’talwaysgetridofit.Somixbleach(漂白劑)withwater,andusethattocleanyourhouse.Ifsomeoneinyourfamilyissick,remembertocleanthingsthatpersonhastouched.Dishwashersarebetteratkillingvirusesthanwashingthedishesbyhand.That’sbecausetheykeepthedisheshotterorlonger.Manyvirusescanliveinyourwashingmachine.Sowashclotheswithhotwaterandusebleach,ifpossible.Youmayevenrunthewashingmachinewithnoclothes,justhotwaterandbleach.Thiswillkillanyvirusinit.Ifyoudogetthestomachflu,drinkasmuchwateraspossible.Ifyou’refeelingbetter,don’treturntoworkorschoolrightaway.Youcanstillspreadthediseaseforafewdaysafteryoufeelbetter.Ifyouhaveafever,waitatleast24hoursafteritendsbeforegoingout.Thiswillhelpstopotherpeoplefromgettingsick.Stomachfluisawful,butbyfollowingthesetipsabove,youcankeepawayfromit.1.Fromparagraph1,weknowthat________.A.stomachfluisapleasantcommonflu.B.medicinecanmakestomachflugoawayatonce.C.ifsomeonearoundyoucatchesstomachflu,youmaycatchit,too.D.thesameviruscancausestomachfluandcommonflu.2.Whatdoestheunderlinephrase“getridof”probablymeaninparagraph3?A.逃離 B.除去 C.避免 D.變糟3.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttokillviruses?A.Washingyourhandswithwaterandsoap.B.Mixingbleachwithwatertocleanyourhouse.C.Washingthedishesandclotheswithbleachbyhand.D.Runningthewashingmachinewithoutclothes,justwithhotwaterandbleach.4.Whatshouldwedoafterafeverends?A.Takeaslittlemedicineaspossible. B.Returntoworkorschoolatonce.C.Waitatleast24hoursbeforegoingout. D.Gotoseethedoctoragain.5.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?A. B. C. D.2Itisacoldanddrywintermorning.Whenyouwakeup,youfeelthatyourthroat(喉嚨)hurts.Youbegintocough(咳嗽).Youhaveacold!Coulditjustbeacommoncoldortheflu(流感)that’sbeengoingaround?Acoldgivesyouarunnynoseandacough.Butit’susuallyeasytodealwith.Somepeopletakemedicinewhileothersdrinkwarmwaterorchickensoup.Usuallyyoufeelbetterafteraweek.Ontheotherhand,theflucanbemuchmoredangerous.Sometimesitcanmakepeopledie.AccordingtoanAmericanmagazine,theworstflukilledabout50,000,000peoplefrom1918to1919.Don’tworry.Ifyougetafluvaccine(疫苗),itcanstopyoufromgettingthevirus.Fluvaccinesworkbygivingthebodysomefluviruses.Thismakesyourbodyproduceantibodies(產(chǎn)生抗體).Sonexttimeyougettheflu,theantibodiescanhelpyouThefluviruschangeseveryfewyears.Therearesomanykindsoffluandtheantibodiesforonekindofflucan’thelpusagainstallkindsofflu.That’swhyweneedtogetthevaccineeveryyear.Goodhealthyhabitsmayalsohelpkeepyouawayfromacoldorflu.Washingyourhandsoftenhelpsstopyoufromgettingviruses.Itisalsoimportanttodosomeexerciseandeathealthyfood.6.Theunderlinedword“virus”inthepassagemeans“________”inChinese.A.癌癥 B.病毒 C.手術(shù)7.Usuallyyou’llfeelbetterafter________ifyouhaveacommoncold.A.threedays B.sevendays C.twoweeks8.Accordingtothepassage,________isthecorrectorder.a.Yourbodygetssomefluviruses.b.Yourbodycanfightthevirusnexttimeyoucatchtheflu.c.Yougetafluvaccine.d.Yourbodyproducesantibodies.A.c-a-d-b B.c-d-a-b C.a-c-d-b9.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Inordertogetawayfromtheflu,weshouldhavehealthyhabits.B.Acoldismoreseriousthantheflu.C.Aslongaswegetafluvaccine,wewillnevergettheflu.10.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?A.It’smainlyaboutwhypeopleshouldgetthefluvaccineeveryyear.B.It’smainlyaboutthedifferencesbetweenacoldandtheflu.C.It’smainlyaboutwhatthefluisandhowtokeepawayfromit.3ImproveonSleepGoodhealthneedsgoodsleep.Gotobedbeforeyou’retired.Don’teatorreadinbed.Gotobedatthesametimebeforemidnightandgetupatthesametime.Yourbodylikesroutine(常規(guī))foragoodnight’ssleep.StayFreeofFluStudiesshowthatacoldorfluvirus(病毒)canliveonourhandsforlong.Sowashallpartsofyourhandsoftenwithsoapandwater.Formorewaystopreventthespreadofflu,pleasecallHealthLineat1800-848-1313.OralHealth(口腔健康)Visitthedentistatleastonceayear.Themouthisamirrorofdisease.Theoralexaminationisnotonlyforthehealthofteeth,butthewholebody.Formoreofit,pleasevisit.au.FitforLifeStudieshaveshownthatmanydiseaseshavesomethingtodowithlessornophysicalactivity.Trytodoitfor30minutesaday,5daysormoreaweek.Formoreinformation,pleasecallHealthLineat1800-438-2000.11.Ifyouwanttogetagoodsleep,you’dbetter________.A.gotobedafteryou’retired B.gotosleepatmidnightC.followthebedtimeroutine D.eatsomethingorreadinbed12.Topreventfromcatchingacoldorflu,it’sgoodforyou________.A.towashyourfaceoften B.tobrushyourteethdailyC.togetupearlyeverymorning D.towashallpartsofyourhandsoften13.Accordingtothepassage,manydiseaseshavesomethingtodowith________.A.doinglittlephysicalactivity B.washinghandswithcoldwaterC.sleepingtoolatesometimes D.havingnooralexamination4Coronavirus:whatdoweknow?ReadtofindoutmoreaboutCOVID-19andthecoronavirusfamily.Wehavelotsofgoodtipstohelpyoustaysafeandhealthy.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutthenovelcoronavirus(新型冠狀病毒)?ItisthisvirusthatcausesCOVID-19,anacuterespiratoryinfectiousdisease(急性呼吸道傳染病).Coronavirusesarealargefamilyofviruses.Theword“corona”comesfromLatin(拉丁文)andreferstocrowns(王冠).Whenpeoplefirstsawacoronavirusunderamicroscope(顯微鏡),theyfoundthatitsspikes(刺突)lookedlikeacrown.That’showthevirusesgottheirname.Somecoronavirusescauseillnessinhumans;manyothersarefoundinanimals,includingcamels,catsandbats.Sofar,wehavefoundsevenkindsofcoronavirusthatcaninfecthumans.Fourofthemcausecommonsicknesses,suchastheflu(流感)andcommoncold.Butsomecoronavirusesaremoreserious.ExamplesincludeMiddleEastrespiratorysyndrome(MERS,中東呼吸綜合癥)andsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS，嚴重急性呼吸綜合癥).Thenovelcoronavirus,whichwasfirstfoundinWuhan,istheseventhone.WehavetheanswersQ:Whatisthenovelcoronavirus?A:Thenovelcoronavirushasnotbeenfoundinhumansbefore.ItwasfirstfoundinaseafoodmarketinWuhan.Researchersfoundthatitprobablycamefrombats.Q:Howdangerousisit?A:Thenovelcoronaviruscankillupto2.1percentofthepeopleitinfects(感染).SARSandMERShavefatalityrates(致死率)ofabout9.6and34.4percent,respectively(分別的),accordingtoWHO.Q:Whocancatchthisvirus?A:Elderlypeopleareatthehighestrisk(風險)ofdying.Over80percentofdeathshavebeenpeopleabovetheageof60andover75percenthadchronicdiseases(慢性病).Childrenwhohavethediseaseoftenshowminorsymptoms(輕癥).Q:Whatarethesymptomsofthenewdisease?A:Infectedpeoplewillhaveafever,coughandbreathingdifficulties.Inmoreseverecases,theviruscancausepneumonia(肺炎),kidneyfailure(腎衰竭)anddeath.Q:Howdoesthisvirusspread?A:Coronavirusescanspreadthroughmucusdroplets(粘液飛沫)(acoughorsneeze);closepersonalcontact(touchingorshakinghands);touchinganobjectwithviralparticles(微粒)(thentouchingyourmouth,noseoreyesbeforewashingyourhands);andrarelyfromhumandroppings(排泄物).Q:Howlongistheincubation(潛伏)period?A:Infectedpeoplewillshowsymptomsbetween3to7days,or14daysatmost.Buttheincubationperiodcanlastforaslongas24days.Q:ArethereanywaystopreventortreatCOVID-19?A:Thereisnocure(特效藥)forthevirusyet.Antibiotics(抗生素)areeffectiveagainstbacteria,butnotviruses.Doctorscanonlytrytotreatthesymptomsandimprovetheimmunesystem(免疫系統(tǒng))withmedicineinordertofightthevirus.Source:Chinadaily14.Thecoronaviruseswasnamedbecauseofits________.A.color B.shape C.size D.symptoms15.Whatdoweknowaboutthisvirus?A.Childrenwon’tcatchthisvirus.B.Itismorelikely(可能性)forelderlypeopletocatchthecoronaviruses.C.theincubation(潛伏)periodcanlastaslongas7days.D.Therehavebeensomecure(特效藥)forthevirus.16.Whatisthedeathfatalityrates(致死率)ofthecoronavirus?A.3.4 B.2.1 C.9.6 D.34.417.Whichoneisnotasymptomofthenewdisease？A.cough B.breathingdifficulties C.afever D.aheadache18.Theviruswon’tspreadthrough________.A.foodyoueatB.mucusdroplets(粘液飛沫)C.personalcontactD.touchinganobjectwithviralparticles(thentouchingyourmouth,noseoreyesbeforewashingyourhands)5Springisaninvitingseasonforoutdooractivities.Butbecareful—thewarmweatherisalsoahotbedforviruses(病毒)anddisease.ThisMarch,theinfluenza(流行性感冒)A(H7N9)virushitShanghai,Anhui,JiangsuandZhejiang.ItwasreportedthatbyApril11atleast35peoplehadbeeninfected(被感染的)withtheH7N9virus,andnineofthemhaddied.TheinfluenzaA(H7N9)virusisonetypeofinfluenzaAH7viruses.InfluenzaAH7virusesnormallyspreadamongbirds.ThisisthefirsttimehumaninfectionswithH7N9viruseshavebeenreportedinChina.EarlierreportswereaboutH5N1andH1N1.AllthethreevirusesareinfluenzaAvirusesbuttheyarenotthesame.H7N9andH5N1areanimalinfluenzavirusesthatcouldinfectpeople.However,H1N1virusescanbedividedintotwogroups.Onegroupcannormallyinfectpeopleandtheothernormallyinfectsanimals.Also,H1N1canspreadfromhumantohuman,butH7N9probablycan’t,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).MostpeopleinfectedwithH7N9lookedliketheyhadthecommonflu.Somepeoplehadbadpneumonia(肺炎).Theysufferedfromafever,acoughandshortnessofbreath.Butdon’tbeafraid-itisnoteasytobeinfectedwiththevirus.Oneofthepossiblereasonsisclosecontactwithsickpoultry(家禽)waste.PeoplemayalsobeinfectedthroughbreathaccordingtoNationalHealthandFamilyPlanningCommission.HerearesometipsfromtheWHOthatcanprotectyoufrombeinginfected.●Washyourhandswithsoapandrunningwaterbeforeyoueat,afteryouusethetoilet,andaftertouchinganimalsoranimalwaste.●Whencoughingorsneezingcoveryourmouthandnosewithamask,tissueorasleeve.●Getagoodrestanddoexercises,whichwillhelpmakeyourbodystrongenoughtostanduptothevirus.19.What’sthenameoftheinfluenzavirusthathitShanghai,Anhui,JiangsuandZhejiangthisMarch?A.ItistheH7N9virus. B.ItistheH5N1virus.C.ItistheH1N1virus. D.ItisAH7virus.20.HowmanypeoplehaddiedbyApril11accordingtothereport?A.About35. B.About9. C.About44. D.Nobodyhaddied.21.What’stheChinesemeaningfor“standupto”inthelastparagraph?A.起立 B.站著 C.抵抗 D.向上6Ifpeoplearoundyouhavehadafeverrecently,itmaynotbeCOVID-19.It’sreportedthatmanyplacesinChinahaveenteredintothepeak(高峰)periodforseasonal(季節(jié)性的)flu.InfluenzaA(甲流)issweepingacrossthecountry.Inthepastthreeyears,peopledidthingstopreventCOVID-19fromspreading,whichalsopreventedthespreadingofflu.Thus,people’simmunity(免疫力)tothefluwentdown.Besides,thefluandCOVID-19aredifferentviruses,sogettingCOVID-19doesnotprotectyoufromgettingtheflu,saidWuZunyoufromtheChineseCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Howisthevirusspread?Throughcoughsorsneezes(噴嚏).Thevirusesgointotheair.Ifsomeonenearbybreathesthemin,theycouldgetsick.Howtorecover?Mostpeopledon’tneedtotakemedicine.Thesymptomscangoawayafter3to7days.Butifthefeverdoesn’tgodownafterthreedays,gotoseeadoctor.22.Accordingtothepassage,whichoneisnotmentioned(被提及)abouttheSymptomsofinfluenzaA?A.Havingacough. B.Havingaheadache.C.Havingafeverabove38℃. D.Havingatoothache.23.Ifthefeverdoesn’tgodownafterthreedays,youshould________.A.stayathome B.gotoseeadoctorC.takethemedicinebyyourselves D.takeahotshower24.Fromthepassage,wecaninfer(推斷)that________.A.thefluandCOVID-19aredifferentvirusesB.althoughinfluenzaAisspreadingaroundChina,wehavewaystopreventitC.he/shewillgobacktoschoolin24hoursifastudentcatchesthefluD.ifyouhavehadafeverrecently,itmustbeCOVID-1925.Youmayreadthepassageina/an________.A.newspaper B.story C.artmagazine D.sportsmagazine7Flueasilyspreadsfromonepersontoanother.Thisisespeciallytruetopeoplewhoareweak.Ifyouareweak,youaremorelikelytocatchtheflueasily.Doyouknowhowyoucanavoidflu?KeepingoodhealthThebesttreatment(療法)toillnessisgoodhealth.Youcaneateverythingyouwantbutmakesurethatyourdietishealthy.Thehealthieryouare,thebetteritisforyoutoavoidanytypeofillnessaround.Mostdoctorssuggestplentyoffreshfruitjuiceandwaterinorderthatonecanavoidtheflu.StayawayfrompeoplewithfluIfamemberofthefamilyorafriendhastheflu,stayawayfromhim/heruntilhe/sheiswell.Fluisverycommunicableandyoucancatchitbygoingwiththepersonwiththeflu.Wearamaskandavoidusingthingsthatthepersonwiththefluisusing.ExerciseExercisingwillmakeyoustronger,whichmeansastrongerimmune(免疫的)systemtoo.Exerciseoftensothatyourbodywillkeephealthy.Itdoesn'tmatterwhatkindofexerciseitis.Whatisimportantisthatyouaremakingyourbodystrongertopreventillnessfromattackingyou.BehappyHappypeoplearehealthypeople.Theirlifeisstressfree,sotheyaremorelikelytobesafefromillness.Ifyouareunhappy,whichaffectsyourimmunesystem,youwilleasilygetsick.Avoidingthefluiseasy.Justboost(增強)yourimmunesystemanditwilltakecareoftherest.26.What’sthebesttreatmenttoillness?A.Bestmedicine. B.Moreexercise. C.Goodhealth. D.Beinghappy.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“communicable”probablymeaninChinese?A.頑固的 B.無效的 C.致命的 D.傳染的28.Thepassageiswrittento________.A.introducesomewaystoavoidflu B.sharesomefactsaboutimmunesystemC.advisepeopletodomoreexercise D.describetheimportanceofhealth8HowcanIprevent(防止)myselffromhavingtheflu?◆Washyourhandsoften.◆Getenoughsleep,domoreexercise,anddrinklotsofwater.◆Getafluvaccination(接種疫苗)everyyearifyou,orsomeoneyoulivewith,isoneofthefollowingATRISKgroups:※childrenaged6to35months.※peoplewhoworkathospitals.※peoplewhoareover60yearsold.HowcanItellifIhavetheflu?Youmayhavethefluifyouhavethefollowingsymptoms(癥狀):◆Feelingcold◆Feelingverytired◆Havingaheadache◆Coughing◆Havingasorethroat◆HavingarunnynoseWhatshouldIdoifIhavetheflu?◆Takesomemedicine.◆Drinklotsofwater.29.Whichofthefollowingcanpeopledotopreventthemselvesfromthefluaccordingtothetable?①Washtheirhandsoften.

②Playsportsoften.

③Eathealthyfood.④Drinkenoughwater.

⑤Takesomemedicine.A.①②④ B.②③④ C.①③⑤ D.②④⑤30.WhichofthefollowingpeoplemayNOTbeintheATRISKgroup?A.Tim—heisgoingtobe65yearsold.B.Mary—sheisadoctorinherhometown.C.Tim—hecouldn’thearattheageoffive.D.Jack—hisparentscelebratedhissecondbirthdayyesterday.31.Howmanykindsofsymptomsofthefluarementioned(提及)inthetable?A.Five. B.Six. C.Seven. D.Eight.32.Whatcanweknowfromthetable?A.Wherepeopleshouldstaywhentheyhavetheflu.B.Howoftenapersoncangetafluvaccination.C.Howmanyhours’sleepisgoodforpeople.D.Whatkindofmedicinepeoplecantakewhentheyhavetheflu.33.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tomakeuspreparesomemedicineathome.B.Totellussomethingaboutthefluvaccination.C.Tomakeusfollowsomerulesinthehospital.D.Tomakeusknowaboutthefluwell.9Itisacoldanddrywintermorning.Whenyouwakeup,youfeelthatyourthroathurts.Youbegintosneezeandlateryoumaycough.Youmusthaveacold.Waitamoment.Coulditjustbeacommoncoldorthefluthat’sbeengoingaround?Acoldgivesyouarunnynoseandacough.Butit’susuallyeasytodealwith.Somepeopletakemedicinewhileothershaveherbalteaorchickensoup.Youfeelbetterafteraweek.Ontheotherhand,theflucanbemuchmoredangerous.Itusuallygivesyouafever.Sometimesitcancausedeath.AccordingtoanAmericanmagazine,theworstflukilledabout50millionpeoplefrom1918to1919.Don’tworry.Ifyougetafluvaccine(疫苗),itcanprotectyoufromgettingthevirus(病毒).Fluvaccinesworkbygivingthebodyasmallnumberofflu.Thiscausesyourbodytodevelopantibodies(抗體).Sonexttimeyougetviruses,theflu,theantibodieswillhelpyou.Thefluviruschangeseveryfewyears.Therefore,therearesomanytypesofflu,suchasHINIandH5NI.Theantibodiesforonetypeofflucan’thelpusagainstalltypesofflu.That’swhyweneedtogetthevaccineeveryyear.However,healthyhabitsmayalsohelpstopyoufromdevelopingacoldorflu.Washingyourhandsoftenhelpsstopyoufromgettingviruses.Itisalsoimportanttogetregularexerciseandeathealthyfood.Allthesecanhelpyoustrengthenyourimmunesystem(免疫系統(tǒng)).34.Inwhichsectionfromamagazinecanwereadthepassage?A.FamilyFriend. B.InterestHobbies. C.HealthIllness. D.EnergyEnvironment.35.Accordingtothepassage,whichisTRUEoftheflu?A.Itiseasytodealwith. B.Itdoesn’tgiveyouafever.C.Itfirsthappenedin1919. D.Itcankillpeoplesometimes.36.Ifyougetafluvaccine,________.A.yourbodywilldevelopantibodiesB.youwillgetalargenumberoffluvirusesC.itcan’tprotectyoufromgettingthefluvirusD.itwon’tcauseyourbodytodevelopantibodies37.Weneedtogetafluvaccineeveryyearbecause________.A.thefluisverydangerousB.weprobablyhaveacoldinwinterC.thefluviruschangeseveryfewyearsD.youdon’tneedtotakeanymedicineafterthat38.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“strengthen”probablymeaninChinese?A.becomestronger B.getsmaller C.stopbeingill D.starttobuild二、完形填空1EbolaisariverinAfrica.In1976,adangerousvirus(病毒)was39there.Theviruscancausepeopletogetverysickandeven40.SopeoplecallthevirusEbola.Yearsago,EbolacausedtheworstprobleminwesternAfrica,andit41veryquickly.MedicalexpertsallovertheworlddidtheirbesttostopEbolaandtreatthepeoplewhowere42.Ebolaoftenstartswithfeverandheadache,kindofliketheflu.Butitcangetworseandcauseseriousbleedingandbreathingproblems.It’sveryimportant43infected(被感染的)peopletogettreatmentrightaway.PeoplewhohaveEbolaneedtobecaredforinaspecialway44theillnessdoesn’tspreadtodoctors,nursesorothersintheirfamilies.Doctorsaren’tsurehowthe45persongotEbola,buttheythinkpeoplepickedupthevirusfrominfectedanimals.Peoplecangetthevirus46touchinganinfectedperson’sdropsofblood.ButEboladoesn’tspreadthroughfoodorwaterlikesomeviruses47.Italsodoesn’ttravelthroughtheairlikecoldorfluvirusesdo.InareaswheretheEbolavirusis,anyone48doesn’tfeelwellshouldgetmedicalhelpimmediately.39.A.invent B.invented C.find D.found40.A.die B.death C.dying D.dead41.A.spreads B.spread C.isspreading D.hasspread42.A.bad B.sick C.healthy D.well43.A.of B.for C.to D.with44.A.suchthat B.soasto C.inorderto D.sothat45.A.one B.once C.first D.last46.A.with B.to C.in D.by47.A.did B.does C.do D.done48.A.which B.who C.whom D.whose2It’sgettingcolderoutside,andyouknowwhatthatmeans—it’stimeforfluseason.Whydopeoplegetmorecolds,fluandnowCOVID-19whenit’sverycoldoutside?Inanewstudy,scientistshavefoundtheanswer.It49thatthecoldairitselfdamages(破壞)theimmuneresponse(免疫反應(yīng))inournoses.Thenoseisanimportantpartofourbody’simmunesystem.Whenavirusgoesintothenose,thenosefindsit,andthecells(細胞)therebeginto50billionsofsimplecopiesofthemselvescalledextracellularvesicles(EVs).“EVscan’tdividelikecellscan,buttheyarelikelittleminiversionsof