Unit+5+Revealing+nature+Using+language+課件【知識精講精研】高中英語外研版（2019）選擇性必修第一冊

Unit5RevealingnaturePastperfect1.Itwasayoungmanwho_______medicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.What’smore,he___________________aletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily”.hadlefthadrecentlyreceived2.AfterDarwin_________sometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshe_____________.hadspenthadcollected3.Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecies____________onEarthatthe

sametime,and_______________

since.hadappearedhadnotchanged4.Itseemedtheirbeaks__________accordingtowhatfoodwasavailable

onthatparticularisland.hadevolvedLookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,...Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Insentence(a),whichactionhappenedfirst,“suspected”or“evolvedfromacommonancestor”?2.Insentence(b),whichactionhappenedfirst,“refusedtobelieve”or“evolvedfromlowerformsoflife”?3.Whatdoesthestructurehaddoneindicate?Insentence(a),whichactionhappenedfirst,“suspected”or“evolvedfromacommonancestor”?

Insentence(a),“evolvedformacommonancestor”happenedfirst.2.Insentence(b),whichactionhappenedfirst,“refusedtobelieve”or“evolvedfromlowerformsoflife”?

Insentence(b),“evolvedfromlowerformsoflife”happenedfirst.Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,...Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.3.Whatdoesthestructurehaddoneindicate?Itindicatestheactionhappenedbeforeacertainpastaction.Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,...Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.NowPastPastperfect過去完成時haddone一般過去時did

1)

表示在過去的某一時間或某一動作之前完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“過去的過去”。過去完成時的基本用法：a.我們到達火車站之前，火車就已經(jīng)離開了。Beforewegottothetrainstation,thetrain_______________.b.我還沒來得及說謝謝，他就跑開了。BeforeIcouldsay“thankyou”,he_______________.hadrunawayhadalreadyleftpastperfect

2)表示從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的另一個時間的動

作，常用的時間狀語有

bythen,bytheendof,bythetime。a.到上學期期末為止，我們已經(jīng)學習了2000個英語單詞了。Bytheendoflastterm,we_________2000Englishwords.b.到那時為止，他們已經(jīng)在那里住了十年了。They_________therefortenyearsbythen.hadlivedhadlearntpastperfect3)表示愿望、打算等的動詞，如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,intend,plan等后接從句時，一般用過去完成時表示本

打算實現(xiàn)而未實現(xiàn)的愿望和計劃。a.我本打算去機場接他，但是我有個重要的會議要參加。I____________tomeethimattheairport,butIhadanimportantmeetingtoattend.b.我原希望今年去度假，可是我離不開。I_________totakeaholidaythisyearbutIwasnotabletogetaway.hadintendedhadhopedpastperfect

4)在句型

hardly...when和

nosooner…than中，主句要部分倒裝，并使用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時，表示“一……就……”。a.我剛離開就開始下雨了。

______________whenitbegantorain.b.他剛坐下，電話鈴就響了。

Nosooner______________thanthetelephonerang.HardlyhadIlefthadhesatdownpastperfect（先離開，再下雨）（先坐下，鈴才響）我剛學完這一單元的單詞，我就忘了。HardlyhadIlearnedthevocabularyinthisunitwhenIforgotallofthem.

5)

過去完成時還可用于一些固定句型：a.It/This/Thatwas+thefirst/second...+time+that從句，從句謂語常用過去完成時。egItwasthefirsttimethatwe____________

toChicago.b.Itwas+一段時間+since從句，從句謂語用過去完成時。

egItwastwoyearssincehe______________thearmy.hadrunawayhadbeenpastperfect

6)

過去完成時用于虛擬語氣中，在wish,asif/asthough,if,ifonly,wouldrathersb.haddonesth.結(jié)構(gòu)或從句中，常用過去完成時來表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)。a.如果我早點起來，就能趕上早班車了。

egIwouldhavecaughtthefirstbusifI___________earlier.b.

我多希望我在初中時努力學習了。IwishI___________hardinthemiddleschool.hadstudiedhadgotuppastperfectLearningtips正確運用過去完成時的關(guān)鍵是要正確理解“過去的過去”?！斑^去的過去”是一個相對的時間，即它是相對于一個過去的時間而言的。這種相對的“過去的過去”有時通過時間狀語體現(xiàn)出來，有時則可能是通過上下文來體現(xiàn)。命題人通常會設(shè)置一個過去的背景或過去的動作，然后在此之前又有一個動作發(fā)生，結(jié)合題干中的語境來判斷兩個過去的動作發(fā)生的先后順序，較早發(fā)生的那個動作用過去完成時。Learningtips解題時要認真分析語境，深入情景，揣摩動作發(fā)生的順序；重視題干所給暗示，如時間副詞、并列或從屬連詞等；善于運用時態(tài)對應(yīng)規(guī)律找到提示性的過去的動作或時間。瀏覽題干，套用固定句型來巧解考查過去完成時的題目。Completetheparagraphswiththeinformationfromthegivensentences.Thesentencesareintheorderinwhichtheyhappened.Theycanhelpyoutodecidetheuseoftenses.YuanLongping_________todoresearchonhybridricebecausenaturaldisasters__________foodshortagesinthe1960s.Intheend,he___________abettertypeofrice.

beganhadledtodevelopedFirstthenledtofoodshortage→begantodoresearch→developedabettertype1.

aNaturaldisastersledtofoodshortagesinthe1960s.

bYuanLongpingbegantodoresearchonhybridrice.

cYuanLongpingdevelopedabettertypeofrice.GregorMendel__________studypeaplantsbecausetheircharacteristicswereeasytocontrol.Bythetimeofhisdeathin1884,he_____________importantdiscoveriesaboutgenetics.2.

aGregorMendelchosetostudypeaplantsbecausetheircharacteristicswereeasytocontrol.

bGregorMendelmadeimportantdiscoveriesaboutgenetics.

cGregorMendeldiedin1884.chosetohadmadeCompletetheonlineencyclopedia(百科全書）entrywiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.LonesomeGeorgeBeforecompleting,viewatraveler’svlogtogetsomeinformationaboutPintaIslandtortoise.competedeclineeatliveintroducearrive

LonesomeGeorgeLonesomeGeorgewasthelastPintaIslandtortoise.Hediedin2012.AfterGeorge’sdeath,thePintaIslandtortoisewasdeclaredextinct.TheextinctionofthePintaIslandtortoiseisblamedonhumans.Beforehumans1_______ontheisland,thespecies2___________inisolationand3__________theplantsthatnaturallygrewthere.arrivedhadlivedeatenGeorgewasdiscoveredmanyyearsaftertheirarrival,andbythenhumans4________________newspeciesthat5__________forthefoodthetortoisesate.Aftergoatsinparticularhadbeenbroughttotheisland,thePintaIslandtortoisepopulation6________.Eventually,onlyGeorgeremained.hadinroducedcompeteddeclinedcompetedeclineeatliveintroducearrive

Actoutarole-playaboutGeorgeusingtheinformationinActivity3.Usethepastperfecttensewhereappropriate.Workinpairs:thekeeperofLonesomeGeorgethereporter1.He___________(learn)3000wordsbeforehewenttoEngland.2.Theoldmantoldusthathe____________(travel)tomanyplaces.3.Itwasthethirdtimethathe___________(see)suchalargeanimal.4.Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplane____________(takeoff)5.Marydidherhomeworkand_______(wash)thedishes.hadlearnedhadtravelledhadseenhadtakenoffwashedExercise過去的過去賓語從句Itwasthefirsttimethat過去動作的完成SheaskedmewhetherI_____________(return)thebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.Researcherswerepuzzledovertheresults,whichwerecompletelyoppositetowhatthey________________________(expect)．JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedI_________________(leave)mybookinthecafe.I________(ask)younottomovemydictionarythismorning—nowIcan'tfindit.hadreturnedhadexpectedhadleftaskedIwishI__________________(be)atmysister'sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.Emmawasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachinewhichshe____________(repair)wentwrongagain.BythetimeIgottoschool,thefirstplay________________(be)onfornearlyhalfanhour.Ifthenewsafetysystem____________(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.John___________(plan)tomakeacompromise,butsomehowhechangedhismindatthelastminute.hadbeenhadrepairedhadbeenhadbeenputhadplannedTranslation她一走上舞臺，觀眾就爆發(fā)出雷鳴般的掌聲。這是我第一次參加英語演講比賽。Nosoonerhadshesteppedonthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadtakenpartinanEnglishspeechcontest.1.Hesaidthathe________(see)youbefore.2.Byyesterdaythey___________(work)forsixdays.3.WhenIcametoGuangzhou,he________(be)thereforalongtime.4.Bythemiddleoflastmonthwe________(live)inBeijingforfiveyears.5.Whenshegothomeherchildren_______(sleep).6.Beforetheyarrivedherethefilm____already______(start).hadseenhadworkedhadbeenhadslepthadlivedhadstarted7.I____________(intend)tomeethimattheairport,butIhadanimportantmeetingtoattend.8.MrSmith_________(die)yesterday.Hehad

beenagoodfriendofmine.9.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhe_______(go)

awayagain.10.Itwasthethirdtimethathe___________(be)

outofwork.11.Heenteredtheroom,__________(turn)on

thelightandreadaneveningpaper.12.IfonlyI___________________(buy)the

book.Thereisnoneinthebookshop.hadintendeddiedwentturnedhadbeenhadboughtBytheendoflastyear,he____________(collect)morethan100foreignrecords.Heonce_______(work)asalecturer,butnowheisamanager.JohnandJane__________h(know)eachotherforalongtimebeforetheirmarriage.Hesaidthatgreatchanges_________h(take)placeinhishometownsince1990.He____l(leave)schoolthreeyearsago.I_________(live)inBeijingforoneyear.Hisbrother_________(be)theconductoroftheorchestraformanyyears.Thiswasthesecondtimethatthemusician__________(tour)Europe.hadcollectedworkedhadknownhadtakenlefthavelivedhasbeenhadtouredCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformoftheverbsandphrasalverbsinbrackets.Jane____________(watch)anaturefilmonTVwhensomeoneknockedonthedoor.OnourtriptoAfricalastyear,we__________(see)lionssittinginthetallgrasswatchingus.Thegirl,when_________(question)whyshe___________(cheat)intheexam,justloweredherheadandkeptsilent.Theboy_________(cry)loudlybecausehe_________(lose)hiswayinthejungleandthoughthecouldn’tgobackhome.Theyoungmaninsistedhe_________(do)nothingwrongandthatthepolice_________(release)him．Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewhospital_____________(complete)inourcity.Igotane-mailfrommyoldfriendlastSunday.Untilthen，we_________(keep)intouchfornearly3years.waswatchingsawquestionedhadcheatedcriedhadlosthaddonereleasehadcompletedhadkept◆單句語法填空（1）Bytheendoflastyear,he

（collect）morethan10foreignrecords.（2）I

（finish）myhomeworkbeforeIhadsupper.（3）JohnandJane

（know）eachotherforalongtimebeforetheygotmarried.（4）Hesaidthatgreatchanges

（take）placeinhishometownsince1990.（5）Itwassixandhewastiredbecausehe

（work）sincethedaybroke.（6）Whenthepolicefoundhim,thecriminal

（be）inthecavefornearlyamonth.（7）They

（want）tohelpbutcouldn’tgetthereintime.（8）He

（hope）tocatchthe8:00bus,buthefounditgone.◆完成句子（9）Whenhereachedthenearbyshop,it

（已經(jīng)關(guān)門了）.（10）I

（原本想做一個蛋糕）,butIranoutoftime.（11）They

（原本計劃休息）inthecafé,butsomethingunexpectedhappened.hadcollectedhadplannedtohavearesthadfinishedhadknownhadtakenhadworkedhadbeenhadwantedhadhopedhadalreadybeenclosedhadintendedtomakeacake◆單句語法填空（1）Thiswasthesecondtimethatthemusician

（tour）Europe.（2）Theaudiencehadhardlybeenseated

thesaxophonesolostarted.（3）Ifhe

（take）youradvice,hewouldhavepassedthedrivingtest.（4）Iwouldratheryou

（be）hereyesterday.◆句型轉(zhuǎn)換（5）Ihadnosoonerfinishedtheworkthanthelightwentout.=

（hardly...when...）=

（倒裝句）hadtouredwhenhadtakenhadbeenIhadhardlyfinishedtheworkwhenthelightwentout.NosoonerhadIfinishedtheworkthanthelightwentout.◆單句語法填空（1）MyfriendAndrew

（live）inaforeigncountryformanyyearsbeforehereturnedtoEngland.（2）Heonce

（work）asalecturer，butnowheisamanager.（3）［詞匯復現(xiàn)］Hisbrother

（be）theconductoroftheorchestraformanyyears.（4）He

（learn）mathsallbyhimselfbytheageoffourteen.◆完成句子（5）Andrew

（犯了一個大錯誤）becausehehadthoughtofeverythingexcepttheweather.（6）Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forI

（沒有好好學我的功課）.◆翻譯句子（7）他們5點鐘已經(jīng)完成了他們的作業(yè)。 ______________________________________________（8）他們是5點鐘完成的作業(yè)。 ______________________________________________hadlivedworkedhasbeenhadlearnedmadeabigmistakehadnotstudiedmylessonwellTheyhadfinishedtheirhomeworkbyfiveo’clock.Theyfinishedtheirhomeworkatfiveo’clock.

LastSunday,I(1)_____________(intend)togoforanouting,butit(2)________(begin)torainearlyinthemorning.SoIwenttothemovieswithmyboyfriend.BythetimeI(3)_______(get)up,mydog(4)___________(eat)allmybreakfastonthetable.ThenIwenttoseethefilm,hungry,butwhenI(5)________(arrive)atthecinema,thefilm(6)__________(be)onfor20minutes.AhadintendedbegangothadeatenarrivedFillintheblanks.hadbeenItwasthefirsttimethatI(7)__________(see)afilmwithmyboyfriendanditwasthemostinterestingmoviethatI(8)____________(watch)!Hardly(9)______I_______(get)outofthecinemawhenImetsomefriends.Wehaddinnerandtalkedhappily.ButwhenIwasgoingtopay,Ifoundmywalletandmobilephone(10)______________(steal).Whatanunluckyday!hadseenhadwatchedhadgothadbeenstolenBHardly(1)______I_____(get)upthismorningwhenIhadastrangefeelingthatitwasn’tgoingtobemyday.I(2)______________(intend)tohaveabigbreakfast,butIhadnotime.IgotupsolatethatIhadtohurrytothebusstoptocatchmybus.Unfortunately,I(3)__________(step)onabananapeelandfellonmybackside.hadgothadintendedsteppedWhat’sworse,bythetimeIgottothebusstop,thebus(4)_________(leave).Ihadnochoicebuttorun.ItwasthefirsttimethatI(5)__________(run)toschool.WhenIgottotheclassroom,IsuddenlyrealizedthatitwasSunday.ItistheworstdaythatI(6)___________(have)inthepastfewyears.hadlefthadrunhavehadBiodiversity1.Biodiversityisimportant.2.Bacteriaarealwaysharmfultohumans.3.Somespeciesofbacteriaareusedinfoodproduction.4.Manyspeciesofbacteriarecycledeadorganic

matter.5.Ourimmunesystemsareabletofightoffallgerms.Listentothepodcastandchoosethestatementsthataremade.(P71)Listenagainandcompletethefactsheet.P71Cells?Everylivingthingis1______________.Theyarelike2______________________________.?Inthehumanbodythereareabout3_____________

humancellsandaround4________________bacteriacells.Bacteria?Mostbacteriainthehumanbodycan5_________________.?Inthefoodproductionprocess,bacteriacan6__________deadorganicmatter.breakdownhelpwithdigestionthirty-ninetrillionthirtytrillionbricksthatareusedtobuildhousesmadeupofcellsChecktheanswersDoyouknowabout…?

Haveyouheardof…?By

theway,…Actually,…Infact,…Speakingofwhich,…AddinginformationCompletetheboxeswiththeexpressionsfromthepodcast.(P54)Checkingbackgroundknowledge1.

Whatspeciesare

mentionedand

what

isspecialaboutthem?2.Whatotherunusual

lifeformsdoyou

knowof?Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.2.Whatotherunusuallifeformsdoyouknowof？Twospeciesarementioned:thebluewhale

andthewaterbear.

1.

Whatspeciesarementionedandwhatisspecialabout

them?Thewaterbearis

probablythetoughests